‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

Al Quds University

Faculty of Engineering
Electric Circuits Lab

Experiment #1
Mesh, Nodal & Superposition Techniques

Supervisor: Dr. muntaser abu-lafi

Instructor: Eng. Mahmud abaid

Prepared By: Ibrahim hamdan

20710975
 Table of Contents

Objectives………………………………………3 1.1
Theoretical Background………………………….3 1.2
Mesh analysis………………………………....3 1.2.1
Nodal analysis………………………………...3 1.2.2
Superposition techniques……………………….3 1.2.3
Experiment results & Discussion…………………4 1.3
Part 1………………………………………...4 1.3.1
Part 2………………………………………...9 1.3.1
Conclusion…………………………………..…21 1.4

2
Objectives: 1.1

Applying Mesh, Nodal and Superposition techniques -1

.to find the value of the current and voltage
Comparing between theoretical value and the -2
experiment value (for the current and the voltage)
Using the oscilloscope to showing the signals for (AC, -3
.DC) of the nodes v1, v2, v3 and v4

-:Theoretical Background 1.2

Mesh Analysis 1.2.1*

.A mesh is one of the smallest circuit loops
.Applying KVL for each mesh (∑v in each mesh = 0)
Mesh equations are written for every mesh in terms of
.unknown current

:Nodal Analysis 1.2.2*

.Determine # of node-
.Choose the reference node-
.Label all node voltage-
.Apply KCL at each node (∑i leaving= 0)-
.Equations are written for every unknown node

:Superposition Techniques 1.2.3*

Using the superposition method, we remove all
independent source, except one and analyze the circuit
for that one, Then we repeat the procedure for anther
source, and so on, Finally the net results is found by
.summing all signal-source result

3
 Experimental results and discussion: 1.3
-:Part 1 1.3.1
A:-1.3.1*
Finding the value of i1, i2, i3 and i4 due to 10v only, due to
.12v only and due to the both source 10v & 12v
To measure the current connect the Multimeter on series
.with the branch and choose the current mode

i(due to 10v & 12v) = i(due to 10v)+i(due to12v).

{Superposition}

error= (theoretical value –experiment value) * 100%%

Theoretical value

Due to 12(kill 10v)

Mesh i1
12=0+ )i1-i2(2700
Mesh i2
680(i2-i4) + 2700(i2-i1) =0+ )i2-i3(1000
Mesh i3

4
270i3 +2000(i3-i4) +1000(i3-i2) =0
Mesh i4
2000(i4-i3) +180i4 – 10=0+ )i4-i2(680
:Solving these four equations then
i1=-38.2mA
i2=-34.2mA
i3=34.1mA
i4=-27.1mA

Due to 12v (killing 10v)

Mesh i1
0= )i1-i2(2700
Mesh i2
680(i2-i4)+2700(i2-i1)=0+ )i2-i3(1000
Mesh i3
270i3+2000(i3-i4) +1000(i3-i2)=0
Mesh i4
180i4+680(i4-i2) +200(i4-i3)-10=0
:Solving these four equations then
i1=22.6mA
i2=22.6mA
i3=-20.4mA
i4=24.4mA

5
error (i1) = (22.6-22.5)*100% =.44% (And so on for the %
anther value)
22.6

I1 (total) =-38.2+22.6=-15.9mA

.B: - 1.3 *
Finding the values of v1, v2, v3 and v4 due to 10v only,
.due to 12v only and due to both 10v & 12 V
To measure the voltage connect the Multimeter on
.parallel with the branch and choose the voltage mode
.V (due to 10v &12v) =v (due to 10v) +v (due to 12v)

V1 =12 v
V3=V4
At node V2
V2-12 + V2-V3 + V2 =0
1000 2000 680
At node V3
V3-12 + V3 + V3-V2 =0
180 2000 270
:Solving equations
V2=7.1v
V3=7.19v

6
Due to 12v (kill 10)

V1=0 v
At node V2
V2 +V2-V3 + V2 = 0
1000 2000 680
Super node (V3,V4)
V4-V3=10
V 4 +V3-V2 + V3 =0
270 2000 180
Solving equation
V2=-1.2v
V3=-5.52v
V4=4.4v
error (v2)=(-1.2- -1.1)*100% =.83% (so on the anther %
value)
1.2-

7
V1 (total) = 0+12 = 12v(and so on the anther value)

C*1.3.1
Finding v1, v2, v3 and v4 due to 10v only when 12v
source is disconnect, then due to 10v only when 12v
source output is zero.(out put = zero equivalents short
circuit this means v1 = vref.=zero), when 12v disconnect
.this means we have no source

Figure 1.1 (12v source disconnect)

8
Figure 1.2(12 v source = zero)

Part 2:-1.3.2
Using the oscilloscope to observe and actually sketch all
nodal voltage
AC: function generator with 8vp-p, sinusoidal signal with
.a 1 KHz frequency at node 1
.DC: power supply (10v)

In the 1st due to the DC supply on its own (kill AC )1

.supply)
The result of signals is a line with difference shift (on,
.down) the x-axis different from node to anther
.See figure (1.3.1a, b, c and d)

.In the 2nd due to AC supply (kill DC supply) )2

.The result is a sinusoidal signal

9
.See figure (1.3.2a, band c)

.In the 3rd due to the both supply (AC, DC) )3

The result is a sinusoidal signal with difference shift
(different from node to anther)
.See figure (1.3.3a, b, c and d)

Conclusion: 1.4
.Mesh analysis: applying (KVL) at each mesh -1
.Nodal analysis: applying (KCL) at each node -2
Superposition technical :( killing all independent -3
source except one then find I or V "apply it at each
……source" then I=I1+I2+I3
………+V=V1+V2+V3

10