PROPERTIES OF CURVES (Chapter 16) __387 Reminder: If a line has gradient ¢ say, and passes through (2, —8) say, another quick way to write down its equation is 4x — 5y = 4(2)—5(-3) or 4x — Sy = 23 4 If the gradient was —4, we would have: der + 5y = 4(2)+5(-3) or de+5y=-7 You can also find the equations of tangents at a given point using your graphics calculator. GRAPHICS CALCULATOR INSTRUCTIONS, ro Eo Find the equation of the tangent to f(«) — a? +1 at the point where « — 1. Since f(1) =1+1=2, the point of contact is (1, 2). Now f'(x)=2x, so m,=f'(I)=2 the tangent has equation 22 — 2 which is y—2=2n—2 or EXERCISE 164 1. Find the equation of the tangent to: a ysr-2e?+3 at r=2 ‘ —5e at r=1 1 e y= at (-1, 4) L Check your answers using technology. | Example? | 1+) Self Tutor | 8 Find the equation of the normal toy at the point where When r=4, So, the point of contact is (4, 4) a te Now as y=8r?, normal pears * when 2=4, m,=-4x4°? tangent gradient my ene the normal at (4, 4) has gradient my the equation of the normal is 2x — ly = 2(4) — 1(4) or 2r-y=4388__ PROPERTIES OF CURVES (Chapter 16) 2 Find the equation of the normal to: 2 y=a® atthe point (3, 9) b yaa*—5e42 at = VE atthe point (1, 4) d y=8Vt-5 at r= Gre Find the equations of any horizontal tangents to. y = 2% — 12 +2. dy _ 3,2 Si =2- 12: 2 Ses -12 ince y=2*—12r+2, 30" Horizontal tangents have gradient 0, so 3x? —12 3(x? — 4) B(x + 2)(e~2) Le 2 or 2 When z= 2, y=8-24+2=-14 When 2 =—2, y=-8+24+2=18 the points of contact are (2, 14) and (~2, 18) the tangents are y=—14 and y=18. at + 3a? — 12a +1. 3a. Find the equations of the horizontal tangents toy f+. ver © Find the points of contact where horizontal tangents meet the curve y = © Find if the tangent to y= 20*+ ka? —3 at the point where © —=2 has gradient 4. d Find the equation of the other tangent to. y= 1— tangent at (1, 2). 4% @ Consider the curve y at the point where x1 is 2r+y—6, Find the values of a and 8, +122? — 82% which is parallel to the + ax-+b where a and 6 are constants. The tangent to this curve é & Consider the curve y= ay%+— where a and 6 are constants, The normal to this curve yaave Ee at the point where r=4 is 4r+y=22, Find the values of a and 6. © Show that the equation of the a? +1. sax —y 5. Find the equation of the tangent to: (EFT at r= 4 b at (-1 « f(x) = 4) d ) = Te 7) 6 Find the equation of the normal to: gent toy = 2e*—1 at the point where x = a,The curve y=avT— Or where a and 6 are constants, has a tangent with equation 324 y = 5 at the point where = —1. Find a and b. Gmrnoes Rac ‘Show that the equation of the tangent to y=Inz at the point where y=—1 is y=er—2 When y=—1, Inz=~1 r=et= the point of contact is (4, —1) Now f(z)=Inz has derivative f"(x) = + the tangent at (2, —1) has gradient + =e the tangent has equation 2=* = which is y+1=el or y= Find the equation of: the tangent to the function arisen at the point where x the tangent toy =In(2—z) af the point where 2 = —1 mal toy = In ¥ at the point where y = —1 Petey jan at the point where w= % Now f(z) = tana has derivative f'(x) the tangent at (3, 1) has gradient —= “ = = () the tangent has equation 4 which is y—1=2r—% or y=2r+(1-§) ‘Show that the curve with equation y : does not have any horizontal tangents.