डड डड डड डडडडडडडड डडडडडडडडड डडडडडडडडडडडड

डडडडडडड डडडडडड
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
Common for M. Tech. 1st Sem. & Ph.D
(Control and Instrumentation Engineering)
CIX-503 (Process Control and Instrumentation)
End Semester Examination-2018
Course Coordinator: Dr. Om Prakash Verma
Roll No…………………… Date:…………………..

Duration: 03 Hrs. Max. Marks: 50

Read the Instructions very carefully:

I. This question paper contains 06 questions in four pages. Each question consists of four subparts with equal marks.
II. Attempt any five of the questions.
III. Draw neat diagram wherever necessary.
IV. Be brief and to the point.
V. Assume suitable data wherever missing and necessary.
VI. Use of Scientific calculator is allowed
1. 2.5  4 = 10
(a) Derive the expression for linear and equal percentage valve with their characteristics.
(b) Several linear transmitters have been installed and calibrated as follows:
30 in Hg  20 mA 
CurrentTra nsmitter
Flow rate: 400 gal / min  15 psig  Pressure: 10 in Hg  04 mA
PneumaticT ransmitter
0 gal / min  3 psig 
Level: 20 m  5 VDC Voltage Transmitte r Concentration: 20 g / L  10 VDC VoltageTra nsmitter
0.5 m  1VDC  2 g / L  1VDC 
(i) Develop an expression for the output of each transmitter as a function of input. Be sure to include appropriate units.
(ii) What is the gain, zero and span of each transmitter? Is the gain constant or variable?
(c) A process instrumentation diagram for a flash drum is shown in Fig. 1. Steam is condensed in a steam coil to vaporize a portion of the
liquid feed, and the liquid product is removed by a pump. There are control valves for the steam flow, vapor product, liquid product, feed
flow, and steam chest (which allows the steam chest to be rapidly evacuated in emergency situations). Determine whether the five valves
should be fail-close (F/C) or fail-open (F/0) for safe operation, for each of three cases:
(i) The safest conditions are achieved by the lowest temperature and pressure in the flash vessel.
(ii) Vapor flow to downstream equipment can cause a hazardous situation.
(iii) Liquid flow to downstream equipment can cause a hazardous situation. Discuss various scenarios of air failure (or power failure).

Fig. 1
(d) Consider a typical pneumatic valve shown in Fig 2. The position of the stem will determine the size of the opening for the flow and
consequently the size of the flow. The position of the stem is determined by the balances of all the forces.
(i) Determine the various forces that balances all the forces.
(ii) Determine the dynamics of the pneumatic valve.
(iii) Approximate the obtained dynamics to first order system.

Fig. 2

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2. 2.5  4 = 10
(a) An experiment has been performed to determine the final concentration of the black liquor exit from the heptad’s stage multiple stage
evaporator (MSE) configured with backward feed flow. The concentration of the black liquor is considered to be function of the weak
liquor flow rate however, dependence on temperature has been neglected for some time. The following normalized data were obtained
Weak liquor flow rate, ui 1.0 2.3 2.9 4.0 4.9 5.8 6.5 7.7 8.4 9.0
Concentrated liquor, Yi 2.0 4.4 5.4 7.5 9.1 10.8 12.3 14.3 15.8 16.8
Find the best linear model and compare it with the best quadratic model.
(b) The following process illustrate the production of ethane from ethanol: Ethanol is feed to continuous reactor with presence of Acid
Sulphuric catalyzer to produce ethylene. Distillation process then will be applied to separate ethylene-H2O mixture. Ethylene as a top
product is then condensate with condenser to perform liquid ethylene. Hydrogenation of ethylene applies in another reactor with presence
of Nickel catalyzer to produce ethane as a final product. Develop Process Flow Diagram for these processes.
(c) Find suitable values for the PID parameters using the Z-N tuning strategy for the nominal plant Go. Where
e s
G0 ( s) 
s 1
(d) A section of a chemical plant makes two specially products (E, F) from two raw materials (A, B) that are in limited supply. Each product
is formed in a separate process as shown in Fig. 3. Raw materials A and B do not have to be totally consumed. The reactions involving
A and B are as follows:
Process 1: A + B → E
Process 2: A + 2B → F
The processing cost includes the costs of utilities and supplies. Labor and other costs are $200/day for process 1 and $350/day for
process 2. These costs occur even if the production of E or F is zero. Formulate the objective function as the total operating profit per
day.

Fig. 3
Available Information:

3. 2.5  4 = 10
(a) Derive the optimal condition for the problem of terminal time t 1 specified whereas x(t1) is free.
(b) Find the curve with minimum arc length between the point x(0) = 1 and the line t1 = 4.
(c) State the Lyapunov stability theorem with example of Mass-Damper-Spring nonlinear system.
(d) For the dynamics of a nonlinear system described by the equation:
.
x1  x2
.
x 2   x2  x1
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Prove that system is globally asymptotically stable using the Lyapunov’s function of the form
V ( x)  x1  x1  x1 x2  x2
4 2 2

What values of α and β are appropriate.

4. 2.5  4 = 10
(a) A ratio control scheme is to be used to maintain a stoichiometric ratio of H2 and N2 as the feed to an ammonia synthesis reactor. Individual
flow controller will be used for both the H2 and N2 streams. Using the information given below, do the following:
(i) Draw a schematic diagram for the ratio control scheme.
(ii) Specify the appropriate gain for the ratio station, KR
Available Information:
(i) The electronic flow transmitters have built-in square root extractors. The spans of the flow transmitters are 30L/min for H 2 and 15
L/min for N2.
(ii) The control valves have pneumatic actuators.
(iii) Each required current-to-pressure (I/P) transducer has a gain of 0.75 psi/mA.
(iv) The ratio station is an electronic instrument with 4-20 mA input and output signals.
(b) Describe the term RESET WINDUP. What is the condition for its occurrence. Is it beneficial for the control or not?
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(c) Explain the Derivative and Proportional kick. How can it be eliminated?
(d) Design the feedforward control configuration of an overflow type continuous stirred tank heater as shown in Fig.4 with their
mathematical expression.

Fig. 4
5. 2.5  4 = 10
(a) Fig. 5 shows the schematic of liquid level control system. A motor lubricating oil into the tank until the high-level sensor turn on. At that
point, it is required to turn off the motor until the level falls below the low-level sensor. Then, the fill motor is turned on and the process
is repeated. Level transducers are placed at the bottom critical point and the top critical points. These level transducers are connected to
the PLC. Design ladder diagram and explain scan wise performance.

Fig. 5

(b) Two strain gauges, with the specifications given above are mounted on a structural member in a push-pull configuration, connected in a
bridge along with two standard resistances, whose output is fed to an amplifier as shown in the Fig. 6. Determine the output voltage V0
per unit battery voltage, under maximum loading.

Fig. 6
(c) Fermentation is a chemical process where sugar, in presence of microorganism breaks down into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Control of
fermentation finds wide applications in several industries, e.g. (a) brewing, (b) dairy (c) bakery (d) wine. Fig. 7 shows a typical control
scheme for controlling the dissolved oxygen content in a fermentation process.
(i) Explain the operation of the control scheme. What type of control is it?
(ii) Identify the inner and outer loops in the control system.
(iii) What types of control would you recommend for the inner and outer loops?

Fig. 7
(d) Define the term Gauge Factor. Derive the equation for the gauge factor with consideration of variation in resistivity of the materials.
6. Write short notes on any four (With suitable example and application if required) 2.5  4 = 10
(i) SCADA and DCS system
(ii) Override and Inferential control
(iii) Selective and Ratio control
(iv) First and second order pade system
(v) KKT condition for the optimization
(vi) Adaptive control (MRAS)

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