Peggy A.

Kakisina
175110100111015
Class A of Cross Cultural Understanding Course

CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING PROJECT

The End of the Australian Dream?

By Lisa Pryor

SYDNEY, Australia — Let me tell you a fairy tale called Australia. Despite what you
may have heard about snakes and spiders and sharks, the remarkable thing about Australia is
not its danger but its safety. At its best, this is a peaceful nation, with health care and
education for almost everyone, that has enjoyed over the past two decades the longest period
of economic expansion of any developed country in modern history. Our cities are regularly
judged to be among the most livable in the world.
But we are in danger of stuffing it up, which is an Australian way of saying we may
be ruining it all.
In the past 20 years, Australia has become a nation where getting ahead is a national
obsession, partly because we have come to expect a world where the natural course of events
is to become a little bit richer each year. The winnings of our repeated economic booms have
been squandered on inflationary policies that fuel the rat race.
What we are discovering is that when you have a nation full of people trying to get to
the top, eventually most of the population is forced to run just to keep up. Our enviable
quality of life is at risk.
Consider what has happened with the housing market, Australia being a country
where real estate is not just a place to live but a ticket to prosperity and a statement of taste
and values.
Generous tax breaks for homeowners and real estate investors have fueled the market
to the point where the median price of a house in Sydney, our largest metropolis, is $1.1
million Australian dollars, or about $824,000. An entire genre of newspaper writing is
dedicated to telling Australians what they could buy for the same money in other parts of the
world — a small chateau in the South of France, even an apartment in Manhattan, for the
price of an ugly brick house 40 minutes’ drive from the center of the city. We watch shows

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like “Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles” and laugh.
So even though Australians do not have to put aside many hundreds of thousands of
dollars for college degrees, or tens of thousands of dollars for health insurance, we are still in
huge debt through our mortgages. Australia has some of the highest household debt in the
world, especially if you compare our debt to our incomes and G.D.P. We are poised for
disaster if there is a serious economic downturn.
Even for those lucky enough to own their own home, there is a fool’s-gold feel to this
property boom. After all, if you own a three-bedroom house five miles from the city and it
increases in value by 50 percent, that means you still have only enough money to buy a three-
bedroom house five miles from the city. This is not so much rising wealth as glorified
inflation.
And for those who are not owners? The property boom is dividing the nation along
lines of age and class. For young people, property prices represent dashed hopes and a
looming intergenerational battle.
Consider a recent furor when an older demographer suggested in jest that young
people would be better able to save for a house were they not wasting their money buying
avocado toast at hipster cafes.
It is a familiar line of attack here, young people being told to stop wasting their
money at cafes. No matter that you would need to forgo 31,429 flat whites to pay a 10
percent deposit on the typical home in Sydney.
Millennials, sick of being told that they don’t know how good they have it, may well
point out that Australia is home to some of the most spoiled baby boomers in the world.
Many retirees divide their time between cruise holidays overseas and subsidized medical
appointments here, all the time complaining that it is the young people who don’t realize how
good they have it.
Aside from tax policies that encourage speculation, other policies show successive
governments have been fueling a rat race when they should have been building a society.
Over the past two decades, federal government funding of private schools has expanded,
including to those with very high fees and swimming pool complexes, beautiful gardens and
performing arts centers, further dividing the country. Many middle-class parents have
become anxious about sending children to the local public high school out of fear that they
will lag behind their peers at schools that are expensive or academically selective.
We need to rediscover our egalitarian roots. It is true that Australian culture can be
anti-intellectual. We can deride achievement and cut down those who succeed, in a
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phenomenon we call tall poppy syndrome. But the egalitarian values of our society should
not be discounted. In fact, it is on the matter of egalitarianism that Australia has made some
of its most important intellectual contributions to the world.
Australia was one of the first countries to institute a living minimum wage, in
a famous court case back in 1907 regarding the employees of the Sunshine Harvester Works.
The court decided that an unskilled worker should be paid enough to meet the needs of “a
human being living in a civilized community,” which included keeping his family in “frugal
comfort.”
The cultural effects of this decision, the idea that every worker should have a decent
standard of living, have been at least as great as the legal ramifications.
Australia enjoys a relatively high minimum wage today of 17.70 Australian dollars, or
about $13.25, per hour. We have so far avoided the hollowing out of the middle class
suffered by other countries like the United States. Australia has one of the world’s highest
percentages of middle-class people, with about 56 percent of the population falling into this
category, according to a 2016 Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report.
Egalitarianism has been a major contributing factor to the quality of life we enjoy in
our society, including for those who are better off. We have low crime rates. Few of us fear
that medical bills will lead to bankruptcy as we have universal health care. Our university
fees are rising, but we can pay the money back to the government over time, and only once
we are earning a decent wage.
We need to remember what makes Australia a fairy tale and protect it.

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/opinion/the-end-of-the-australian-dream.html

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REVIEW

Since April 2017, Lisa Pryor has been becoming a contributing opinion writer for The
New York Times. She is a medical doctor in Sydney, Australia. Before becoming a doctor,
she was a journalist for several publications, including The Sydney Morning Herald, where
she worked as an investigative reporter, columnist, and opinion editor.
One of the prominent articles she wrote is The End of the Australian Dream?,
published online on May 1, 2017 and appeared in print on May 2, 2017 of the National
edition with the headline: Is the dream in Australia crumbling?.
When applying for selected visas, applicants are required to sign an Australian Values
Statement confirming they will respect the Australian values and obey the laws of Australia.
A spirit of egalitarianism is included in those values. Based on research report and her
perspective, Pryor writes down several issues attached in that value.
Some of you probably have heard the term egalitarianism, and some others have not.
But this may come into your mind, “what is egalitarianism exactly?”.
This is what you need to know. Derived from the French word égal, meaning equal or
level, egalitarianism is a belief which all people should be treated as equals on the basis of
religion, politics, economics, social status, and culture. Based on Merriam-Webster
Dictionary, the term egalitarianism has two definitions in modern English: either a belief in
human equality, especially with respect to social, political, and economic affairs, or a social
philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities. To be noted, egalitarianism is a value or
idea, not a fact.
According to the prevailing theory, Australia’s strong egalitarian sentiments came
from its founding era, when the convicts were cruelly treated and forcefully taken of their
human rights by the governors and other authorities. With time, this egalitarian spirit was
used as a weapon by convicts, who may not have had power, education or wealth, but they
had the belief in the equality of humanity. In the end, the value of egalitarianism won, and it
eventually has been the most primary value of Australia.
There are many forms of egalitarianism; those are equality of person, equality of
outcome, gender equality, political egalitarianism, equal opportunity, racial equality, and so
on. Australia has been observed to maintain most of those forms. That’s why it would be wise
to state that Australia is an egalitarian society. Many countries try to embrace the spirit of
egalitarianism, such as France, Canada, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and so on, but

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almost none of these countries has had this concept rooted in their culture just like Australia
has done.
Egalitarianism may unite Australia to become a strong and multicultural country, but
when being superior becomes the national obsessions, a lot of people will try to get to the top,
and most of the society’s populations are forced to keep up. It might put equality at risk,
however.
Over the past two decades, the economic expansion through globalization has caused
changes in Australian society. These developments have challenged Australia’s egalitarian
reputation. The result was a lot more income, but also a lot less equal distribution of that
income. Some Australians have argued that the increase of inequality has been an
unavoidable consequence of economic expansion.
I noticed two social factors that show unequal chances for individuals in Australia in
spite of the existence of egalitarianism pointed in the article. The first factor is the existence
of different classes. It is not difficult to distinguish the lower, middle, and upper class. The
upper class is composed of large businessmen while the middle class are people with
professional occupation. The lives of these people tend to be very different compared to those
of the lower class. Individuals being treated in a similar way as the lower class might not go
well with them in the future.
The last aspect that reduces the spirit of egalitarianism is The Australian Dream.
According to Wikipedia, the Australian Dream or Great Australian Dream is a belief that
home-ownership can lead to a better life and is an expression of success and safety in
Australia. Because of the expansion of Australian manufacturing, low unemployment rates,
the baby boom, and the removal of rent controls, this belief was quickly developed in the
1950s and 1960s. As a result, some people believing in Australian Dream think that buying
properties, such as real estate, apartment and so on, is the key to prosperity and privilege.
In conclusion, despite of some inequalities that happened, Australia can be regarded
as an egalitarian society. This is because of the structures, systems, and social life adopted in
the country. Australians believe strongly in equality of starting opportunity – which they see
as an essential part of a fair society. Australian contemporary attitudes and values reflect its
history and most likely will shape its national identity into the future.