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Electrical Earthing (Grounding) Systems - A technical report and a short course

Technical Report · February 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13395.07206

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Mohamed EL-Shimy
Ain Shams University
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 Electrical Earthing (Grounding) Systems
A technical report and a short course
By

Prof. Dr. Mohamed EL-Shimy Mahmoud

(http://shimymb.tripod.com)

Importance of proper earthing

Most engineers view earthing mainly as a method to protect equipment
from damage or malfunction. However, the most important element is operator
safety. Proper earthing is a basic protection against AC line disturbances. This
applies whether the source of the disturbance is lightning, power-system
switching activities, or faults in the distribution network. Proper earthing is also
a key element in preventing radio frequency interference in transmission or
computer equipment. Moreover, power quality can be significantly degraded
due to improper earthing. Implementing an effective ground network is not an
easy task. It requires planning, quality components, and skilled installers. It is
not inexpensive. However, proper earthing is an investment that will pay
dividends for the life of the facility.

Objectives
The main objectives of the course are summarized as follows:
1. Understanding of requirements, objectives, planning, and properties of
earthing systems and study of related standards.
2. Understanding various issues related to earth electrode subsystems.
3. Understanding techniques for various earth/earthing systems resistance
measurements and analysis of various affecting parameters.
4. Design of earthing systems for various applications considering various
reasonable configurations.

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 5. Improving skills related to computer aided design of earthing systems
(software included).
6. Understanding basic practical constructional aspects of earthing systems.
7. Understanding power quality disturbances related to inadequate earthing
systems.
8. Troubleshooting of various power quality problems related to earthing
systems.

Contents

Basic Definitions and Preliminaries

Reasons for an Effective Plan for Grounding and Bonding
Grounds System Audit: How To Identify Grounding Issues
Earthing System
Properties of Earthing Systems
Residual Current Device RCD
Terms and Codes
Earth Electrode Subsystem Objectives
Resistance Requirements
Soil Resistivity
Measurement Of Soil Resistivity
Types Of Earth Electrode Subsystems
Resistance Properties
Measurement Of Resistance-To-Earth Of Electrodes
Electrode Enhancement
Cathodic Protection
Lightning Protectors
Resistance and surface potential distribution of typical earth
electrode constructions
Calculation examples and computer aided design application
Constructional aspects of earthing electrodes
Power Quality (PQ)- defined and classified
Wiring and Grounding for power quality (PQ)

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 The electrical environment and causes of PQ disturbances
PQ and Grounding PQ
Typical Wiring and Grounding Problems
Case Study – Flickering Light
Discussion

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