continued The ball hits the ground when y=0, so™ (a) y=0 when we know that y=0 when x= 18 = ua 22025 16 We can draw the graph and find the » % values of x for which y>4. To do this, eS we need the intersection of the graph yeas with the horizontal line y = 4. The graph is eee 27m (3 SF) (from GDC) t oe Exercise 1F ‘The sum of two numbers is 8 and their product is 9.75. What are the two numbers? [6 marks} © A rectangle has perimeter equal to 12cm. Let xem be the length of one of the sides. Express the area of the rectangle in terms of x, and hence find the maximum possible area of the rectangle. [6 marks] © A farmer wishes to fence offa rectangular area adjacent to a wall. There is an existing piece of fence, 10m in length, that is perpendicular to the wall, as shown in the diagram. ‘The length of the new fencing is to be 200m. Let x and ® ybe the dimensions of the enclosure. {a) Write down an expression for the area of the enclosure in terms of x only. (b) Hence find the values of x and y that produce the WALI. maximum possible area. [6 marks} Press 2012.2) @ A ball is thrown upwards from ground level, and its height above the ground (in metres) is given by the equation h = 8t—4.91, where fis the time (in seconds) after the ball is thrown, (a) When does the ball return to the ground? (b) Find the maximum height of the ball. [4 marks] .. The enclosure ABCD consists of straight lines AB and CD together with a semi-circle BC, ABCD is a rectangle with sides x and y, as shown in the diagram. The perimeter of the enclosure is 60m Show that the area of the enclosure is given by 1 A=3y-—ny? y= gy’ Show that the maximum possible area of the enclosure s when x=0 (so that the enclosure is a semi-circle) D5 Find the possible dimensions of the enclosure so that its area is 200m". [7 marks] & A computer salesman finds that if he sells m computers, he can make a profit of $(200—4n) per computer. How many c computers should he sell in order to maximise his profit? [5 marks] Summary ‘Quadratic functions have the general form f(x) = ax? +bx-+e, where a# 0. ‘The graphs of quadratic functions are parabolas, which have a single turning point or vertex. ‘This point is cither a minimum or a maximum point. ‘The following table summarises their main features and how these are determined by the coefficients a,b and c. Overall shape - does parabola | Sign of a open upward or downward? minimum pointmR = Ty continued ... Pen assur point yrintercept Value of ¢ yeintercept (0, -) Vertex (or turning point) Completed square form Vertex (h, b) yealeh+k for a> 0, y> kfor all x. for a<0, ys k forall x. Line of symmetry Completed square form or b quadratic formula xahorxe-37 Zeros Factorised form Roots p and q, x-intercepts y= alx—p) (x) (p, 0) and (q, 0) or quadratic formula —b + Vb? - dac 2a ‘The number of real roots Discriminant ‘A>0 = two distinct real roots A=b'—4ac A=0 = one root (repeated root, equal roots) A<0 = no real roots + Itis also possible to determine some of the coefficients from the graph: the y-intercept, the ordinate of the vertex, the zeros and the shape of the graph (positive or negative a) can be read directly from the graph. + We can solve quadratic equations by factorising, completing the square, applying the quadratic formula or using the graphing and equation solver programs on a calculator. + We can also solve simultancous equations using the points of intersection of two graphs, or using the method of substitution + Quadratic functions can be used to solve problems, especially optimisation problems, if we model the situation using a quadratic function. Press 2012, Ned