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James W. Head Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
David R. Marchant Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Figure 1. A: Geologic sketch map of western Arsia Mons fan-shaped deposit (modified from Zimbelman and Edgett, 1992) superposed
on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic gradient map (fan-shaped deposits: R—ridged; K—knobby; S—smooth) (other
adjacent deposits: SA—shield; SB—degraded western flank; SC—smooth lower western flank; CF—caldera floor; CW—caldera wall;
PF—flank vent flows from Arsia Mons; P—undivided Tharsis plains). B: Detrended MOLA topography of western Arsia Mons (regional
slopes are removed; lighter is relatively steeper topography and darker is relatively shallower topography; black—no data presented).
Left arrow points to outer edge of ridged facies; right arrow points to outer edge of knobby facies. Note that lava flows clearly extend
underneath ridged and knobby facies and are undisturbed.
q 2003 Geological Society of America. For permission to copy, contact Copyright Permissions, GSA, or editing@geosociety.org.
Geology; July 2003; v. 31; no. 7; p. 641–644; 2 figures. 641
Figure 2. Facies of fan-shaped deposit and possible terrestrial analogues. A–C: Viking Orbiter images of facies. A: Ridged
facies. B: Knobby facies. C: Smooth facies. D–F: Parts of U.S. Geological Survey aerial photographs; serial numbers given in
parentheses; all were taken 21 November 1993. D: Drop moraines in Antarctic Dry Valleys (TMA 3079/303). E: Sublimation tills
in Antarctic Dry Valleys (TMA 3078/006). F: Rock glacier in Antarctic Dry Valleys (TMA 3080/275).
that are of sufficient detail to provide a frame- azonian in age and are largely contempora- dence for ridge offsets that might represent
work for investigating glacier ice on Mars neous with the latter phases of volcanism on tear faults resulting from uneven compression
(Marchant et al., 2002; Denton and Marchant, Arsia Mons (interdigitate relationships with associated with landslide deposits, as seen in
2000; Sugden et al., 1995). On the basis of Tharsis Montes Formation Member 5 of Scott the Olympus Mons aureole (e.g., Francis and
present surface temperatures on Mars and and Zimbelman, 1995, and possibly predating Waadge, 1983).
those of the recent past, any mountain glaciers or being partly contemporaneous with Mem- One of the most distinctive characteristics
on Arsia Mons and nearby volcanoes were ber 6). of the ridged facies is its superposition on a
likely to be cold based and most similar to the subjacent impact crater and lava flows without
slow-moving, cold-based glaciers of the Dry Ridged Facies apparent modification (Williams, 1978; Luc-
Valleys region of Antarctica (Schafer et al., The ridged facies consists of a series of chitta, 1981; Zimbelman and Edgett, 1992;
2000; Cuffey et al., 2000; Marchant et al., .100 concentric ridges that extend several Anguita and Moreno, 1992; Scott and Zim-
2002; Atkins et al., 2002). hundred kilometers beyond the break in slope belman, 1995; Helgason, 1999; Figs. 1A and
at the base of Arsia Mons (Figs. 1A and 2A). 2A). We used detrended MOLA data to ex-
DESCRIPTION AND Ridges are typically spaced ;1 km apart, and amine the local topographic relationships (Fig.
INTERPRETATION MOLA data show that individual ridges vary 1B) and found that the lava flows emerging
Collectively, the Arsia Mons fan-shaped de- in height: the outer prominent ridge reaches from the edge of the fan-shaped deposit could
posits (Fig. 1A) are ;350–450 km wide and heights of ;50 m, whereas typical inner ridg- be readily traced inward beneath the ridged
extend ;500 km down the western flanks in es are 5–20 m high. MOC images show evi- facies and even into the area beneath the
a N558W direction. They cover an area of dence for abundant dunes on and near the knobby facies, apparently without major dis-
;180,000 km2, about the size of the state of ridges, suggesting that the ridges are com- ruption and modification. The very distinctive
Washington, United States, or almost twice posed of fine-grained material that is subject substrate preserved below the ridges (both a
the size of Iceland. Mars Global Surveyor to eolian modification. MOC images also crater, Fig. 2A, and an earlier phase of lava
(MGS) MOLA data show that the summit of show that the outermost ridge is asymmetrical; flows, Fig. 1A), the blanket-like nature of the
Arsia Mons is at ;17.76 km above the aeroid, its steep side faces outward. Morphology of ridged facies, and the extreme regularity of the
rising ;16.8 km above the cratered terrain. the smaller ridges varies, ranging from peak- ridges contrast distinctly with landslide-like
The base of the most distal facies of the fan- ed, to rounded, to flat topped. We found no features seen on the nearby Olympus Mons
shaped deposit (the ridged facies) is at ;2600 depositional or erosional evidence that might aureole (Francis and Waadge, 1983). Similar-
m elevation, ;15 km below the summit. The be associated with wet-based glaciers, such as ly, although dunes and ridges can be produced
majority of the deposits are at elevations be- eskers, sinuous channels, lake deposits, and/or during pyroclastic flow emplacement, the reg-
tween 2600 m and 7000 m. They are late Am- braided streams; likewise, we found no evi- ularity of the ridges and their great lateral ex-