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JOURNAL OF THE ENGINEERING
MARCH 2015
INTEGRITY SOCIETY

ENGINEERING INTEGRITY

papers on:
• Defining road surface profiles by vehicle response
• Effects of forged surface defects on the fatigue behaviour of a 6082 Al-alloy

EIS Website: www.e-i-s.org.uk

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INSTRUMENTATION,
ANALYSISANDTESTING
EXHIBITION
Entrance to the exhibition & open forums is free to visitors
along with free car parking and complimentary refreshments

THE SILVERSTONE WING, SILVERSTONE RACE TRACK

17 MARCH 2015 10AM - 4PM
Over 55 exhibitors will present the latest advances in measurement analysis and testing technology in
aerospace, automotive, motor-sport, rail, off-highway, mechanical handling, industrial and power generation
industries. Visitors will be able to discuss these developments and their applications in an informal atmosphere
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• Residual Strain and What is Failure?
• Similar Vehicles Have Similar Loads (Why Collect Data?)
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• Metrology – Saving Time, Money and Tempers and Reducing Waste

Guest panels comprising experts from industry and academia will expand on the technical developments &
take questions from the floor.

Visitors
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 Engineering Integrity Society
30th Anniversary Celebration
Friday 6 November 2015
This year sees the 30th Anniversary of the formation of the EIS.
To celebrate this landmark we plan to hold a dinner on Friday 6
November 2015 in the Midlands area. This will be a good
opportunity to meet friends old and new as well as a chance
to reflect on the work the Society has carried out over the last
three decades and to look forward to continuing success in the
years to come. Further information will follow in the coming
months.

If you have any photos from past EIS events, we would love to
see them. These may be reproduced in our special 30th
Anniversary edition of Engineering Integrity.
 4th Durability and Fatigue Challenges
in Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy
22 April 2015, University of Edinburgh
This one day event follows previous successful events held in 2006, 2008 and 2010
where speakers highlighted recent progress in design and development of power
generation from wind, wave and tide.
The forthcoming event is aimed at practising engineers involved with the structural
aspects of this technology. It focuses on advances in the durability, reliability and the
associated risk factors in the rapid development of renewable energy technologies.
In particular, the event aims to bring new developments in offshore wind energy and
marine energy technologies.
The full brochure will be available shortly and for further
information please contact Sara Atkin: info@e-i-s.org.uk or call
01572 811315 for more information,

Photo courtesy of NAREC

Developments in Measurement &

Analysis Techniques for Automotive NVH
30 June 2015, MIRA, Nuneaton
Over the last decade, the techniques available for assessment and development of vehicle
sound quality and NVH have undergone huge advances. Many of the latest measurement
and analysis methodologies will be reviewed during this one-day event at MIRA.

The morning session will focus on presentations from industry experts and in the
afternoon there will be workshops to provide delegates with hands-on experience.

The full brochure will be available shortly and for further information please
contact Sara Atkin: info@e-i-s.org.uk or call 01572 811315 for more
information,
Contents
Index to Advertisements ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Editorial................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Diary of Events ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Technical Paper: Defining road surface profiles by vehicle response .................................................................................. 8

Technical Paper: Effects of Forged Surface Defects on the Fatigue Behaviour of a 6082 Al-alloy ................................... 16

Reports on EIS Events ....................................................................................................................................................... 18

Instrumentation, Analysis and Testing Exhibition, 17 March 2015, Silverstone .................................................................. 20

How it Works: Bolted Joints ................................................................................................................................................ 22

Industry News .................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Product News ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28

News on Women’s Engineering Society ............................................................................................................................. 30

News from British Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 31

News from Institution of Mechanical Engineers.................................................................................................................. 32

Group News ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Committee Members ......................................................................................................................................................... 35

Corporate Members............................................................................................................................................................ 37

New Personal Members ..................................................................................................................................................... 37

Membership ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37

Profile of Company Members ............................................................................................................................................. 38

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Advanced Engineering UK ......................................44 Micro-Epsilon ..........................................................43

CPD Dynamics ........................................................18 Moog .........................................................................2

Data Physics.................................... Inside front cover Team Corporation ......................................................3

Dewetron .........................................Inside back cover Techni Measure .........................................................3

EIS ........................................................... 1, 3, 4 & 42 The Institution of Engineering & Technology ...........44

HBM UK...................................................................44 THP Systems...........................................................41

Kemo .......................................................................42 Yokogawa ................................................................43

M+P International ......................................Back cover

Thank you to The Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Engineering at the University of Derby for hosting the
EIS meetings on 14 October 2014.

Front Cover Photo: ‘Broken rail - Courtesy of Serco Rail Technical Services’.

5
 HONORARY EDITOR
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Engineering Integrity contains various items of
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Engineering Integrity Society. The items of information
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ISSN 1365-4101/2015

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Editorial
Welcome to the first edition of 2015. This is retained forged surface on component fatigue. Our How It
a special year for EIS and the next edition Works column helps us understand bolted joints.
will mark the 30th anniversary of the society.
Once again Industry News reports on multi-million pound
Airline safety is in the news once again, government investments in research centres across the
with terrifying images from Taipei adorning country. Although reading News from the IMechE one
the front pages. Statistics have also been wonders who will be filling them! The latter article presents
reported showing that flying is now safer an interesting analysis of the 11-19 age group in terms of
than ever. While this is a robust and five ‘tribes’. We are still ‘not selling ourselves’ and capturing
defendable statement addressing a well the imagination of many younger members of society. This
defined question, the broader comparisons is recognised at high levels, with Reaching Wider activities
journalists try to offer are often less clear cut. ‘The safest now being a requirement of EPSRC funded PhD students.
way to travel‘ may mean different things to different people: They are expected to become STEM ambassadors and to
with 0.007 fatalities per 100 million passenger miles in the go out into schools and ‘show kiddies exciting stuff’: whether
air worldwide, compared to around 1 fatality per 100 million it’s firing baseballs at sheets of steel, building rockets or
passenger miles on American roads, it’s clear which is the sending rocket powered cars across a school gymnasium.
safer way to get from New York to San Francisco, yet some
might worry that they are 100 times more likely to have Our groups continue with their busy schedule of highly
an accident during a single flight than during a single car popular seminar days and exhibitions. This year there are
journey (4 accidents per million flights worldwide compared the additional events celebrating 30 years of EIS (see page
to 0.04 per million trips on UK roads). Some people will 3). If you have any interesting photos from the past do
always be nervous flying, whatever the statistics say, and a forward them please to info@e-i-s.org.uk.
few will shun it altogether. While for most of us air travel is
not literally an everyday event, it is something many people Karen Perkins
have experienced and repeatedly pay to do. In this case Honorary Editor
the statistics may have far less of an influence on opinions
and decisions than the allure of a sun kissed beach, but
sometimes we have no choice but to navigate the statistical
minefield. As engineers we are trained to assess statistics
and analyse data to guide our decision making. Politicians,
Diary of Events
whilst hopefully guided by the statistically aware, make the
big decisions mindful of public opinion and that is all too often
guided by tabloid headlines rather than rational analysis.
Fundamentals of Vehicle Data Collection
If our outreach activities promote the virtues of logic and
26 February 2015
scientific principles, our audience members may not become
MIRA
engineering undergraduates or apprentices, but they may at
least try to look at the facts.
Instrumentation, Analysis and Testing Exhibition
17 March 2015
The results of the Research Excellence Framework 2014
Silverstone
were announced in December and Universities across the
UK have picked their favourite ranking table: straight GPA,
4th Durability and Fatigue Advances in
research intensity or research power, and are already
Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy
making preparations for the next one in 2020. A feature of
22 April 2015
the 2014 exercise was the introduction of Impact – judged on
University of Edinburgh
the influence of research beyond academia. While we may
welcome a push to research with applications, we should
Product Integrity Testing: An Integral Part of the
be mindful that every technology we rely on rests on our
Development Process
understanding of the natural world and that grew from pure
20 May 2015
‘blue skies’ thinking.
Tata Steel Research and Development, Swinden
Technology Centre, Rotherham
The technical content in this edition consists of two papers.
The first, ‘Defining Road Surface Profiles By Vehicle
Developments in Measurement & Analysis
Response’, is the first of two papers that introduce a new
Techniques for Automotive NVH
method for road surface classification. The second, ‘Effects
30 June 2015
of Forged Surface Defects on the Fatigue Behaviour of a
MIRA, Nuneaton
6082 Al-alloy’, is a short paper examining the effects of a

7
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15. ISSN 1365-4101/2015

Technical Paper
Defining road surface profiles by vehicle response
Mr Pengfei Li (SWINS, China) and Dr Colin Dodds (Dodds and Associates, UK)

ABSTRACT • w is the exponent of the fitted PSD

Since the early 1970’s road surface profiles have been Figure 1 shows the relationship between the parameters
described by their power spectral density (PSD). These data for a PSD estimated from measured data and the dual
have been a useful input for vehicle response modelling slope approximation to the spectral shape on a log-log
and simulation. As part of the vehicle development process scale. Figure 2 shows measured PSDs for a wide variety of
customer loads are measured on prototype vehicles to European roads.
derive duty load cycles for components. The duty cycles are
extrapolated from sample measurements over a road mix
representative of customer usage. Historically, this road mix
has been defined by a classification based on road type,
for example: city road, country road, highway etc. Using
the same prototype vehicle to measure the road profile has
been impractical and costly in terms of the instrumentation
required to define the profile.

An approximate method to derive the road profile spectrum

directly from an accelerometer mounted on the front
spindle of a vehicle has been validated on different vehicles
(HD trucks, buses, SUVs and cars) in over 35,000km
of road measurement. This will allow vehicle response
measurements to be related directly to the severity of the
road surface as defined by its PSD and the duty cycle can be
based on the kilometers travelled on each type of surface.
Figure 1 – Fitted lines to measured road PSD after Dodds
The PSD alone does not describe all the attributes of the & Robson
road profile and non-stationary events such as potholes and
speed bumps etc. are excluded by this analysis. The second
paper in this series will expand this methodology to include
these singular events which are essential for the estimation
of damage on components.

INTRODUCTION

The description of road surface roughness by its spatial

spectral density was first published in 1966 by Braun [1]
and later by Dodds & Robson [2] in 1973. Dodds & Robson
concluded that the road surface undulations could be
classified by a power spectral density (PSD) described by
the equation:
− w1
 
G ( n ) = G (n0 )  n  for n ≤ no (1.1)
 n0 
− w2 Figure 2 - Road profile PSDs collected and published in
n
G ( n ) = G (n0 )   for n > n0 (1.2) H. Braun PhD thesis 1966
 n0 
• n is the spatial frequency or wavenumber in c/m It is worthwhile to note that for a given road roughness
• n0 is the datum wavenumber and is equal to
1 c/m constant, G(n0), w2 becomes smaller as the road becomes
2π rougher or the state of repair deteriorates. Conversely,
• G ( )
n0 is the value of the spectrum at the datum wave
number n0 and is the parameter that defines different
Motorways would have a low w1. A large w1 is representative
road surfaces
of ungraded roads such are found in the countryside.

8
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15.

Whether we have a dual slope PSD with both w1 and

w2 defined or a single slope with one exponent is not
standardised in the literature and is left to the individual
researcher to decide. ISO 8608 (1995) recommends one
exponent and for simplicity assumes that it is equal to 2.
It classifies the different road surfaces at a frequency of
0.1c/m (Table 1).

Table 1 – Classification of road profiles by ISO 8608

Figure 4 – Measured Indian road PSDs with ISO lines after

ARAI

Cebon [3] (1999) recommended that w1=3.0, w2=2.25 and Another parameter used to classify road roughness is the
1
n0 is equal to cycles/m; he tabulated the value of the PSD International Roughness Index (IRI) [5]. It is calculated using
2π
at the datum wavenumber, n0 for different road surfaces a quarter-car vehicle mathematical model, whose response
(Table 2). The fitted PSDs are shown in figure 3. is accumulated to yield a roughness index with units of slope
(mm/m). Since its introduction in 1986, IRI has become
Table 2 – Classification of road profiles by Cebon the road roughness index most commonly used worldwide
for evaluating and managing road systems. The Centre for
Road Class G ( n0 ) x 10-6 Transportation Infrastructure Systems at the University of
Very Good 2-8 Texas in El Paso derived a relationship [6] between the value
Good 8-32 of the spectrum at the datum wavelength and IRI, figure 5,
Average 32-128 together with the road description from Table 2.
Poor 128-512
Very Poor 512-2048

Figure 3 – Fitted PSDs after Cebon

Figure 5 – IRI number vs. G(n0)
Pawar and Saraf [4] at The Automobile Research
Association of India (ARAI) measured different Indian road The spatial road spectrum in terms of wavenumber can
surfaces and superimposed them on the ISO data (figure easily be transformed into the frequency domain for any
4). They showed that Rough Roads are of class D-E type, vehicle speed, v.
National Highway – 2 is of C-D type. City Roads are of B-D f = v.n (2.1)
type and State Highways and Expressways were of B-C G (n)
type. In comparison, the smoothest National Highway – 1 is G( f ) = (2.2)
v
observed to be of A-B type.

9
 ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15. ISSN 1365-4101/2015

For the purposes of vehicle dynamic response, the frequency
range is usually restricted to 0.8-50Hz. Manoeuvring loads
will occur at less than 0.8Hz. Assuming that the highest
average road speed is around 100km/h and the lowest
20km/h then realistic cut-off wavenumbers, n = 0.03 to 9.0
cycles/m. The break point wave number in equation (1.1)
was 1 cycles/m.
2π
In 2008-9 the authors initiated a project with the objective
to define the duty load cycles for components on city and
inter-city buses. The direct measurement of road surface
profiles requires the use of expensive measuring equipment
and a modified vehicle [4] such as the one developed by
ARAI, figure 7. This was not practical from a time and cost
perspective.

Going forward, the authors will consider the Cebon definition

of the road profile spectrum, but will assume a single slope
like the ISO definition, but with w=2.25 for all wave numbers.
The Cebon w2 exponent is greater than the exponent of the
ISO data and will allow for road surfaces of a higher quality
than those defined by ISO back in the 1980’s. This is also
reflected in his lower degree of roughness defined by the
coefficient, Gn0.

VEHICLE DUTY CYCLE

The durability of vehicle components is often defined in

terms of a duty load cycle which has been developed with
knowledge of customer usage and based on the percentage
kilometers driven on different roads. The road classification
has been based on type of road, e.g. the CARLOS [7]
loading standard where the percentage of total kilometers is Figure 7 – ARAI road measurement vehicle
distributed between, rough roads, country roads, city roads
and highways. The IRI also requires a standard vehicle for the measurement
of the response parameter used to define it.

Since the vehicle response data were to be collected on over

25,000km of roads in China, figure 8, a simpler method was
required to define the approximate road spectrum for each
segment in the journey.

Figure 6 – CARLOS European road classification

Typical component load spectra are defined for vertical

loading, cornering and braking, which will differ in proportion
with the road classification. We would expect more cornering
and braking on a city road rather than a highway. Vertical
loads are the largest in most vehicle components. The road Figure 8 – Roads travelled in the response measurement
surface profile, which provides the excitation for these loads, program in China
cannot usefully be classified by the location of the road. The
surface profile of a good city road could be the same as that ACCELERATION RESPONSE
for a highway. Defining the road mix by the PSD or IRI of the
vertical undulations would give a better classification of the In 1954 John Miles [8] developed a simplified equation
vehicle duty cycle. relating the rms acceleration response of a single degree of
freedom model to white noise excitation.

10
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15.
π ¨  (3.0)
GRMS = f n Q G ( f n ) 
2   not exhibit this characteristic. If we transpose the Cebon
• GRMS is the root mean square acceleration in g
• fn is the damped natural frequency of the model
1 of the model in figure 11. We will make the assumption that
• Q= is a measure of the damping in the model
2ζ
¨ the excitation PSD is such that any error due to the slope
• G ( f n ) is the value of the input acceleration spectral
density at fn in units of g2
Hz
The model’s response and excitation spectra are shown in
figure 9.
Figure 9 – Excitation and Miles response spectra
A road vehicle is a complex dynamic system. However, if
we look at typical response data, in figure 10, from a vertical
accelerometer located on the front spindle of a vehicle we
observe a similarity to that of a single degree of freedom
system with the natural frequency at the wheel hop frequency
(12Hz in this case). Each response spectrum in figure 10
originates from a different road surface.
Figure 10 – Spindle acceleration response spectra on
different road surfaces
The area under these spectra is equal to the mean square
value of the data and will predominate at the resonant
frequency of the response, provided there are no peaks in
the loading spectrum. Although Miles derived his equation
for a white noise input, acceleration road profile spectra do
road spectra into the frequency domain and calculate the
acceleration spectra for a constant vehicle speed, we can
read off the value of the spectrum at the natural frequency
over the narrow band at the model resonance the slope of
evens out on either side of the resonant frequency. In
addition, the PSD at all frequencies is also defined, provided
the slope is constant.
Figure 11 – Cebon road spectral lines in acceleration
format
Using the values of the Cebon road roughness coefficient,
Gn0 , we can apply the Miles equation for a model with natural
frequency 12Hz and Q=2.5 to calculate the RMS in terms of
the vehicle speed, v and the roughness coefficient, CR.
GRMS = 0.0135v 0.625CR 0.5 (4.0)
CR is equivalent to the G(n0) in table 2 times 106
, the
v velocity is in km/h. (see Appendix 1).
CR 2 8 32 128 512 2,048
A B C D E F
Cebon
Very Good Average Very Poor
Classification
Good Poor
A new road classification based on this description is shown
in figure 12 and will be validated with measured spindle
accelerations on different vehicles and roads.
It cannot be assumed that all vehicles have an unsprung
mass frequency exactly at 12Hz and a Q of 2.5, but the
vehicles studied in this paper had values within 10% of
these numbers. The 12Hz resonance, or wheel hop mode,
should be checked with a new measurement vehicle before
applying this methodology.
11
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15. ISSN 1365-4101/2015

Figure 12 – Road classification based on wheel spindle

RMS acceleration
Figure 15 - JiXian-BaoQing_S307@53Km/h
VALIDATION USING MEASURED RESPONSE DATA RMS = 0.42 - B-Class

Since 2009, Li & Dodds have measured the responses of

many vehicles in China, Germany and India over a total
accumulated distance greater than 35,000km. The mix of
vehicles comprised buses, HGVs, articulated HGV, SUVs
and cars.

BUS in NE China 5000km measured

Figure 16 - JunCheng-HeZe_G220@49Km/h
RMS = 1.0 - C-Class

Figure 13 – Measured RMS spindle accelerations

Figure 17 - NenJiang-HeiHe_S301@47Km/h
Figure 14 - LinDian-QiQiHaEr_G015@80Km/h RMS =1.8 - D-Class
RMS = 0.3 – A-Class

12
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15.

SUV in China (Tibet to Everest base camp)

Figure 18 - BaWuSanNongChang-WuLinDong_X026 Figure 21 - Measured RMS spindle accelerations

@45Km/h RMS= 2.3 - D/E-Class

Articulated HGV on German autobahn

Figure 19 – Measured RMS spindle accelerations Figure 22 – 30km/h, RMS = 2.1 – D/E-Class

Figure 23 – 50km/h, RMS = 3.9 - E-Class

Figure 20 – Route map in Germany

The results are as expected for a German autobahn

13
 ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15. ISSN 1365-4101/2015

Belgium block proving ground data – bus, car, SUV, HGV

Figure 27 – Beijing proving ground Cobblestone B

Figure 24 – Measured spindle accelerations

Figure 28 - Xiangfan BB

Figure 25 – Beijing proving ground BB (Pave C) CONCLUSION

Only a small selection of the road measurements is displayed,

but sufficient to illustrate and validate the new classification
equation (4.0). This classification can be related directly
to the IRI classification (figure 5) and be used to define the
distribution of road types in a duty cycle; for example the bus
in NE China -

Segments
Road class Percentage Description
each 20km
A-B 180 67% Very good
B-C 62 23% Good
C-D 22 8% Average
D-E 6 2% Poor
TOTAL 270
Figure 26 – Beijing proving ground BB (Pave A)
The information required for this new road surface
classification is easily obtained from an accelerometer
mounted on the spindle of the vehicle and a note of the
average speed over the measurement distance. The nominal
distance over which the classification is based can vary

14
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.8-15.

surface to surface and will depend on actual surface and APPENDIX 1: DERIVATION OF EQUATION 4
driving conditions. The authors sectioned measurements
into distances from 5km to 50km. π ¨ 
GRMS = f n Q G ( f n )  A1, Miles equation
Using only the RMS value to classify a road surface does 2  
not take into account the short non-stationary events such −2.25
 n
as potholes, railway crossings, speed bumps, etc. and G ( n ) = G (n0 )   A2, Cebon PSD, n>n0
additional information is required if we are to provide a  n0 
sufficient description to ascertain if the road is damaging to
G (n)
−2.25
the vehicle and its components. The authors will address  f  f
this issue in the second paper in this series. ( f ) = G (n0 )v1.25  
G= A3, with n=
v
v  n0 
The classification derived here has replaced that based on
road location and type. Additional information is required 1
G ( f ) = G (n0 )v1.25 ( 2π f )
−2.25
to define cornering and braking events. These data can be A4,with n0 =
obtained from GPS units mounted within the data acquisition 2π
unit.
Equation A4 gives us the displacement road spectrum
REFERENCES in terms of frequency. The Miles equation uses the road
spectrum in terms of acceleration.
1. Braun H: Untersuchungen über ¨
G ( f ) = ( 2π f ) G ( f )10−2
4
Fahrbahnunebenheiten, Deutsche Kraftfahrtforschung A5, in “g” units
und Strassenverkehrstechnik 86, VDI-Verl. (1966).
2. Dodds C J and Robson J D: Description of Road
Surface Roughness, J. Sound & Vibration (1973) 31 Substitute G(f) from equation A4
(2) 175-183.
3. Handbook of Vehicle-Road Interaction, Swets ¨
G ( f ) = G (n0 )v1.25 ( 2π f ) 10−2
1.75
and Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, the Netherlands, ISBN A6
9026515545.
4. Pawar P R and Saraf M R: Measurement of Road Evaluate equation A6 using -
Profile and Study its Effect on Vehicle Durability and
Ride, SAE 2009-26-0070. f = fn =12Hz and CR = G(n0).106,
5. Sayers. Gillespie, Queiroz: International road
roughness experiment, World Bank Technical paper ¨
number 45, 1982. G ( f ) = 0.00001929 CR v1.25 A7
6. Center for Transportation Infrastructure Systems,
Research Report FHWA-RD-07-1008-02, November
2010. Substitute A7 in A1 with Q=2.5, fn =12 and convert velocity
7. Schütz H, et al: Standardized load sequences for car units to km/h
wheel suspensions components, LBF report FB-191.
8. Miles J: On structural fatigue under random loading. J GRMS = 0.0135v 0.625CR 0.5 A8 QED
Aero. Sci. pp753, November 1954.

15
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.16-17.
Technical Paper
Effects of Forged Surface Defects on the Fatigue Behaviour of a 6082 Al-alloy
Peter A. Blackmore, Zongjin Lu and Kat Rawlings, Jaguar Land Rover Ltd, Abbey Road, Whitley, Coventry CV3 4LF, UK
Abstract
The increasing use of forged Al-alloy components in
automotive vehicles has generated a large quantity of
data which shows that a retained forged surface can have
a significantly detrimental effect on fatigue performance.
Extensive SEM studies of the fatigue crack initiation sites
on four point bend S-N samples and the as-forged surface
appearance of these and actual components have been
undertaken. The results from these studies have shown
common features across all the samples examined.
These features, rather than the surface roughness, can be
associated with multiple fatigue crack initiation sites and
explain the observed reduction in fatigue properties.
Introduction
It has long been known that surface finish can have a strong
influence on the fatigue performance of metals and alloys.
As part of the Jaguar Land Rover fatigue characterisation
process, this effect is quantified from Four Point Bending
(FPB) S-N tests and the results thus obtained used to modify
the strain-life (LCF) damage curve. The increasing use of
forged and cast-forged Al-alloy components in vehicles has
generated a large quantity of such data, which shows that
a retained forged surface finish can have a significantly
detrimental effect on fatigue performance. The current work
examines the surface effect on the fatigue behaviour of a
6082-T6 forged aluminium alloy.
Figure 1. Fatigue test results
16
ISSN 1365-4101/2015
Material and test procedures
Fatigue tests were carried out under Four Point Bend (FPB)
loading on rectangular specimens (100x20x6mm) taken
from 6082-T6 forged aluminium components. Three sets
of samples were prepared with different surface conditions:
polished, fully-machined (ground) and as-forged. The
surface roughness was very similar for the machined and
forged surfaces. They were tested at room temperature on a
DARTEC servo-hydraulic test machine under load control at
10Hz and at a stress ratio R=0.1. Fatigue life was defined as
separation fracture with 5x106 cycles as the run out criterion.
The fracture surfaces of tested specimens were examined
on an SEM.
Results and discussions
The fatigue test results are displayed in Figure 1. A significant
reduction in fatigue properties was found for the specimens
with as-forged surfaces compared with samples having
either polished or machined surfaces. Little difference was
found between polished and machined samples. In other
words, the degradation was caused by surface condition
rather than surface roughness.
SEM examination revealed that fatigue cracks always initiated
from macro forging defects (Figure 2) on the specimens with
the forged surfaces and from micro metallurgical defects on
the samples with polished or machined surfaces (Figure 3).
ENGINEERING INTEGRITY, VOLUME 38, MARCH 2015 pp.16-17.

Figure 2. Crack initiated from as-forged surface

Figure 3. Crack initiated from machined surface

It was clear that crack initiation was much easier from the
macro forging defects than from micro metallurgical defects.
The total fatigue life can be divided into two phases: crack
initiation and crack propagation. For the situation where the
macro defects are absent, the crack initiation phase can
be as high as 70% of the total fatigue life. The significant
reduction in fatigue performance for the specimens with a
forged surface was believed to be due to the existence of
macro forging defects, which acted as stress raisers and
allowed crack initiation easily. The FPB test results were
used to define a surface effect factor that was applied to
the strain-life fatigue curve to account for the effects of a
retained as-forged surface. It is the strain-life curves which
are widely used in automotive fatigue analysis; especially in
the chassis and body departments. If the surface effect is
ignored, significant errors in CAE results are inevitable.
Summary
Fatigue life can be significantly reduced due to the existence
of a forged surface. This effect must be considered when
materials are characterised using fully machined specimens
otherwise errors in CAE fatigue analyses are inevitable.
It is the forged surface defects, rather than the surface
roughness, that are responsible for the reduction in fatigue
properties.

17
Reports: Fundamentals of Vehicle Data Collection
Held on 9th September 2014, MIRA, Nuneaton transducers on a car that is intended to be driven over
many types of road. The second group engaged in a
This seminar run by our Simulation, Test and Measurement question and answer session on the morning’s topics.
Group was kindly hosted by MIRA and attracted 31
delegates from all over the country. The final session of the day was led by David Ensor
(MIRA), who discussed data collection in more detail,
The day followed the process of a typical data collection focusing on load conditions, tracks, environmental
from initial specification, through installation, data considerations and set-up considerations.
collection and data handling. The focus was more practical
than theoretical and there was the opportunity to look at a Delegate feedback was very positive with 48% of
vehicle that had been prepared for data collection. delegates rating their overall experience as excellent and
44% as good. As we were unable to accommodate all
After a short introduction Geoff Rowlands (MIRA) requests for delegate places we will be running a second
discussed transducer selection. This included an event on 26 February 2015, again at MIRA.
overview of the various types of transducer available and
their operating characteristics. The use of CANBUS and
GPS in vehicles was also covered. The second half of
the morning was led by Steve Payne (MIRA) who talked
to delegates about instrumentation set-up on the vehicle
and operational checks.

After lunch delegates were split into two groups. One

group was shown round a vehicle that had been prepared
for a durability data collection. They were able to see
at first hand the precautions that are taken to install

ADVERTISEMENT

The Engineering Integrity Society

is Supporting the Following Events:

IET - Viscount Nuffield Lecture 2015

International Manufacturing Centre
5th March 2015
University of Warwick, Coventry

* * *

BSSM – 10th International Conference on

Advances in Experimental Mechanics
1-3 September 2015
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh

* * *

18
The Future of Hydraulics in Mechanical Testing Advanced Engineering Show, NEC
Held on 25th September 2014, Moog, Tewkesbury Held on 11th-12th November 2014

Moog kindly hosted this seminar at their site in Tewkesbury. Once again the EIS had a stand at the Advanced Engineering
The event was a success with 39 delegates attending from Show. This provided a great opportunity to talk to visitors
a variety of industries. about the charitable work of the society as well as a chance
to publicise future events. Throughout the two days we
The day started also spoke to a number of exhibitors, several of whom
with an overview booked stands at the Instrumentation, Analysis and Testing
of hydraulic Exhibition at Silverstone on 17 March 2015.
systems by
Norman Thornton
(Engineering
Consultant).
He gave a brief
description of the Delegates on a tour of Moog facilities
basic elements of
such systems followed by the effect on their performance
when specifying amplitude, frequency. Stephen Barratt of
Systems Services then delivered a presentation entitled
“An Insight into the Complex Nature of Structural Testing”
this outlined differences in the nature of specimens and
test techniques between the Automotive, Aerospace and The society was also given the opportunity to run a number
Structural Industries. Also the various definitions of service of forums. On the first day Geoff Rowlands of MIRA ran a
life were explored and discussed. This was followed by forum entitled Vehicle Data Collection Overview. He was
a presentation given by Jarek Rosinski of Transmission then followed by Robert Cawte of HBM who led a session
Dynamics which focused on remote monitoring of rotating on Basic Fatigue Analysis from Measurements and FEA.
components in rotary hydraulic actuators and gear Day two saw forums run by Norman Thornton (Engineering
boxes used in wind turbines and how the data is used to Consultant) and Graham Hemmings (Engineering
initiate maintenance and prevent expensive failures and Consultant). The first was titled The Effect on Component
breakdowns. Life and Performance of Manufacturing Induced Residual
Strain and the second Introduction to Basic Servo Hydraulic
After lunch delegates had the opportunity to tour Moog’s test equipment and considerations when selecting individual
manufacturing and testing facilities with the chance to talk to elements of a system which can influence its performance.
employees about their work. All forums were well attended and many delegates visited
our stand following the sessions.
The final session of the day was a presentation by Job
Moermon of Test Systems, Moog Nieuw Vennep. He spoke
about the application of EM (electro-mechanical) test systems
and their use in load controlled applications. He stated that
historically Electo-Hydraulic test systems have been the
natural choice for both static and dynamic load applications.
However, recent advances in EM technology now offers the
opportunity to extend their use into a wider range of test
applications. Job gave an insight into the development of this
technology and
outlined the
potential cost
and practical
benefits and
r e v i e w e d
the pros and
cons of both
EH and EM
when applied Job Moermon delivering a presentation on the
to Mechanical application of electro-mechanical test systems
Testing. and their use in load applications

19
Instrumentation, Analysis and Testing Exhibition, 17 March 2015, Silverstone
he 2015 Instrumentation, Analysis and

T Testing Exhibition will be held on 17 March

in the Silverstone Wing. Following on from
another successful exhibition last year the number
of exhibition tables has been increased to 68.
All these stands have been booked and we are
delighted to offer visitors the opportunity to speak
with exhibitors from a wide variety of sectors.
Entrance to the exhibition and open forums is free
and complimentary refreshments will be available.
Car parking is also free of charge.

A number of open forums will be held throughout

the day on a diverse range of topics. The panels
will be made up of experts from industry who will
give short presentations expanding on the technical
developments and take questions from the floor.

11.00-12.00 Residual Strain and What is Failure

Chairman: Norman Thornton (Engineering Consultant)
Panel: David Panni (JCB)
Andrew Blows (Jaguar Land Rover)
Rob Wood (GOM)

The generation of residual strains and the possible control of them in manufacture. How do we define failure and monitor it
in the material and the component. How do we define life and how much do we allow for safety?

11.30-12.30 Similar Vehicles Have Similar Loads. (Why Collect Data?)

Chairman: Geoff Rowlands (MIRA)
Panel: David Ensor (MIRA)

One exasperated Engineering manager once asked his data collection engineer: “You have been collecting data on similar
trucks on the same test track for years now. Surely you know everything there is to know about what happens when a vehicle
drives on a test track?“ Maybe he had a point. Do we collect unnecessary data in the age of CAE and modelling?

14.00-15.00 Durability Testing of Ground Vehicle and Aerospace Electronic Components and Systems
Chairman: Trevor Margereson (Engineering Consultant)
Panel: Trevor Harrison - VTS
Tim Bourne – MIRA

The presentations and forum will review the durability testing techniques used in the testing of electronic components
and systems used in the ground vehicle and aerospace industries. A review of the service environmental conditions that
the components and systems are exposed to, how these are reproduced in the laboratory, and how the components and
systems are functionally exercised and monitored for malfunction or failure during the laboratory testing process.

14.15-15.15 Metrology – Saving Time, Money and Tempers and Reducing Waste
Chairman: Bernard Steeples (Engineering Consultant)
Panel: Jeff Llewelleyn, BMTA
Nick Turner, University of Coventry
Kevin Hawley, GOM UK

The Forum will address the need and advantages of accurate measurement in manufacturing, testing and quality control and
the growing range of appropriate measuring systems now available.

20
The following companies will be exhibiting:

A & D Europe GmbH UK Branch Sensorland

AcSoft/GRAS UK Sensors UK
ASDEC Servotest
British Measurement and Testing Association Shimadzu
Bose Ltd Siemens PLM Software
Bruel & Kjaer Smart Fibres Ltd
Carl Zeiss Ltd Stack Ltd
CentraTEQ Ltd Star Hydraulics
Data Acquisition and Testing Services Ltd Strainsense Ltd
Data Physics (UK) Ltd Techni Measure
Datron Technology Ltd Tesla Test Systems
Dewesoft UK Thermal Vision Research
DJB Instruments THP Systems Ltd
Form and Test Seidner & Co Ltd Tiab Ltd
Fylde Electronics Transmission Dynamics
Gantner Instruments Variohm
GOM UK Ltd Vishay Measurements Group UK Ltd
HBM United Kingdom Ltd V-Teq Vibration Services Ltd
HGL Dynamics Ltd Yokogawa
IDT (UK) Ltd Zwick Testing Machines Ltd
Infolytica Europe
Interface Force Measurements Ltd For more information or to pre-register, please contact the
Jaeger Computergesteuerte Messtechnik / ADAS (Nexeya) EIS Secretariat (Sara Atkin): info@e-i-s.org.uk Telephone
KDPES 01572 811315.
Kemo Ltd
Kistler Instruments Ltd
M&P International (UK) Ltd
Mecmesin
Meggitt Sensing Systems
Micro-Epsilon
Moog
MTS Systems
Muller BBM-VAS
Nprime
P.A.R.C. Ltd
PCB Piezotronics Ltd
Photo-Sonics International Ltd
Polytec
QTP Environmental Ltd
Racelogic Ltd
SEE

21
How it Works: Bolted Joints
Introduction
Bolted joints are important parts of mechanical structures,
and their reliability is essential due to the potential
consequences of failures.
Due to their wide use in industry, bolts and screws have
become one of the most standardised parts in mechanical
engineering. In spite of being exhaustively informed by
many international standards, bolted joints are still causing
problems to the industry today, which result in many
catastrophic failures and significant losses. In spite of their
apparently simple and obvious design, bolted joints are often
not properly understood.
This article deals with a general approach to better
understanding bolted joints.
Failure modes
There are many failure modes typical to bolted joints. These
include: screw thread failure, plastic deformation, insufficient
axial tension during installation, static failure, fatigue failure,
delayed fracture, stress corrosion cracking, separation of
joined parts, slip between joined parts, loosening of the bolt,
and decrease of axial tension [1].
In many flange cases, the design of a proper bolted joint
is not as simple as calculating the necessary bolt tension.
Infinitely rigid joints behave differently from real joints where
the faces can compress and deflect due to compliance
within the structure. In such instances, cycling bending
under the head or at the threads can result in fatigue failure.
As a result, Finite Element modelling and bolt axial/bending
stress measurements are now playing a greater than ever
role in understanding bolted joints. Depending on the
mounting arrangement, a bolted joint can be modelled as
an encastré support with the highest bending stress at the
threads, or a pin-pin support, where the internal threads are
not constrained and are free to tilt - leading to the highest
bending moments under the head.
In several cases experienced by industry today, bolts with
a clearance between the shank and the hole can develop
strong bending resonance due to inherent low damping in
the first bending mode of vibration. These failure modes are
especially important in gearboxes, where a small excitation
from Transmission Error (TE), can excite strong resonance
in the first bending mode of vibration, leading to rapid fatigue
failures of bolts.
Understanding bolted joints
To correctly design bolted joints, one must understand that
for all intents and purposes, bolts should be treated as
extension springs. To achieve correct bolt preload, the bolt
22
must be stretched by a well-defined amount, often taking the
bolt close to its yield point. The amount of bolt preload can
be calculated from Hooke’s law: knowing bolt stiffness k, the
achieved clamping force P can be calculated as:
P=kx (1)
where x is bolt extension.
From the above equation, it can be seen that when a load
is applied which tends to separate the flanges, the bolt will
not see any increase in tension (provided that the flanges
are infinitely rigid) until the separating load exceeds the bolt
preload, and the joint starts to separate. As the flanges are
actually compliant, an applied load will result in a deflection
of the flanges themselves, and a small change in bolt tension
may occur.
It is commonly thought that if a bolt loses its tension or fails,
it should be tightened with a higher tension, or replaced
with a bolt of larger diameter. This can, however, result in
no improvement to the bolted joint. In fact, in most practical
applications, it is better to reduce the diameter of bolts,
counter-intuitive as this might seem!
To reduce the risk of losing tension, industrial bolts which
secure critical components should be highly elongated. It is
an incorrect design approach to use short, large diameter
bolts, where the designed tension is achieved with a very
small amount of axial elongation. With such a design of
bolted joints, a very small amount of thread settling, fretting
under the head or joint shrinkage will result in loss of tension
and hence failure of the bolted joint. It is better to use several
lower diameter bolts, with the same equivalent load carrying
capacity, than one thick bolt.
The second important design aspect to consider is that
even the most accurately controlled tightening torque will
not necessarily result in the intended bolt preload. In many
practical applications, bolt tension can significantly vary, in
spite of achieving the recommended and accurate tightening
torque.
There are several influences on the relationship between
tightening torque and bolt tension, including: a varying
coefficient of friction in the thread, surface coating, friction
between head and clamping face, and manufacturing
tolerances. These factors can combine to result in significant
discrepancies in bolt tension, as summarised in Figure 1.
A number of independent tests performed in industry confirm
that using a torque control bolt tensioning method may
lead to significant problems where the desired tension is
compromised. For example, case study 1[2] performed on
36 bolts in an HP steam heat exchanger predicted that bolts
should be torqued to 4,380 Nm to reach the desired preload.
 monitoring of bolt tension. Due to its wireless capability, the
system can also be used in rotating machinery applications.
Data automation behind the Rotabolt-TD system notifies key
stakeholders when a loss of tension is detected. Reports are
automatically generated and instantaneously deployed by
SMS/email, allowing continuous and reliable monitoring of
bolts used in mission critical applications.

Figure 1: Graph showing difference in preload as a result

of coefficient of friction inaccuracies [1]

Upon installation and tightening of the bolts to this desired

value, tension measurements were conducted. The results
showed that for the bolts to reach the desired preload, the
necessary torque was not constant, and in fact ranged from
2,259 - 5,874 Nm (52 - 134%). Case study 2[2] considered
similar tests conducted on 72 bolts on a Texaco Tartan Figure 2: Rotabolt-TD; wireless, remote bolt preload
pedestal crane, and showed that the required torque varied monitoring system.
from 1,700 - 9,000 ft-lbs (61 – 321%), in spite of the predicted
torque to achieve correct tension being 2,800 ft-lbs. Conclusions

There is a general agreement that the best way to ensure high
integrity of bolted joints is to measure bolt tension instead
of bolt tightening torque. Historically, direct measurements
of bolt tension required a specialised and often expensive
setup.
Ultrasonic sensors can be used for bolt tension
measurements. Such sensors, however, suffer from one
major problem: they require expensive setup as well as
precision reference faces.
Other solutions (Rotabolt, Valley Forge, etc.) involve direct
bolt extension measurements using a suitably inserted
gauge pin. As the tension in the bolt increases, which results
in overall bolt extension, the gauge pin length remains fixed
and retracts relative to the top surface of the bolt. As a result,
when the preload drops below a certain level, the change in
the relative gauge pin height is detected and indicated by a
rotating washer or other means.
Proper understanding of bolted joints is fundamental in
creating reliable, long-term engineering solutions. Torque
control methods must be used with caution as they may
result in significant variations in resulting bolt tension. Newly
emerging technologies are likely to play an important role in
assisting with reliable bolt installation and remote, long-term
bolt tension monitoring in mission critical applications.
References
1. T. Sakai. Bolted Joint Engineering – p 19 & 51
Fundamentals and Applications. Beuth 2008.
2. B. Deeley. Assured Reliability & Lowest Cost of
Ownership through Measurement of Wind Turbine
Bolted Joints. 2011.
J Rosinski
Transmission Dynamics

Although these methods allow reliable tension control,

they require manual access to the bolts during inspection.
In remote or offshore locations such an over-check often
proves time consuming, difficult and expensive.

An interesting recent development uses a strain-measuring

sensor to indicate bolt tension. The measuring head is fitted
directly on the bolt head (see Figure 2). Each bolt wirelessly
interfaces with a stationary receiver, allowing truly remote

23
Industry News
Welcome to the Industry News section
of the journal. Thank you to everyone
for their submissions. The nominal limit
for entry is 200 words, which should be
sent to eis@amberinstruments.com or
posted to EIS, c/o Amber Instruments
Ltd, Dunston House, Dunston Road,
Chesterfield, S41 9QD. We would
appreciate you not sending entries by
fax.
New manufacturing centre set to
put Nottingham back on the world
manufacturing map
The University of Nottingham has
been awarded £5m by the D2N2 Local
Enterprise Partnership as part of a
Growth Deal expansion, which will help
create a major new 8000m2 centre
for manufacturing at the University of
Nottingham Innovation Park to attract
future generations of world-class
engineers to the city.
The creation of the new manufacturing
centre is part of an investment of £100m
in manufacturing research and training
at The University of Nottingham over
the next 10 years, comprising funding
from the University, research councils,
industry, government and the EU.
The University of Nottingham is a
leader in manufacturing research, and
already hosts three national centres
for Manufacturing in the areas of
Composites, Additive Manufacturing
(3D printing) and Food, funded by the
Engineering and Physical Sciences
Research Council (EPSRC).
The University works with many of
the world’s biggest manufacturing
businesses, including Airbus, BAE
Systems, Cummins, IBM, HP, Jaguar
Land Rover, Laing O’Rourke, Rolls-
Royce and Siemens. Nottingham
also plays a leading role in European
Union manufacturing research projects
through initiatives such as Horizon 2020,
Clean Sky 2 and Factories of the Future.
The new manufacturing building, which
will be home to the University’s Institute
for Advanced Manufacturing (IfAM),
24
will provide a unique environment to
enable the University to build on its
track record and with manufacturers
of all sizes, from major multi-national
corporates through to local small and
medium sized companies.
650mph Desert Comms Test For
BLOODHOUND Supersonic Car
Radio communications with the
BLOODHOUND Supersonic Car will
be critical to the team’s success in
setting a 1,000mph (1,609km/h) World
Land Speed Record.
Last autumn an L39 jet aircraft flew
multiple passes down BLOODHOUND’s
specially prepared South African
desert track, synchronised with the
new All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) Jaguar
F-TYPE R Coupé driven by Project
Director Richard Noble and a Jaguar
XF saloon, at closing speeds of up to
650mph (1,046km/h). The cars carried
the same equipment that will stream
data, voice and imagery live from
the BLOODHOUND Supersonic Car
during test runs and record attempts in
September this year and again in 2016.
During the test, the signal was captured
by BLOODHOUND engineers on the
track. Later this year and 2016, it will
travel to the team’s Mission Control
Centre and then be relayed to the
nearest town, Upington, 80 miles
(130 kilometers) away, to be fed into
the internet, ready to be viewed by
schools, colleges and other audiences
worldwide.
Flying above the cars in the L39 Jet,
BLOODHOUND’s IT manager Sarah
Covell measured signal strength from the
60m tall solar powered MTN mast 9 miles
(14.5 km) from the West of the track.
The activity confirmed that the Project’s
entire radio infrastructure is now in
place, ready for September and the
beginning of BLOODHOUND’s high-
speed campaign. It was also testament
to the outstanding support and
expertise of BLOODHOUND’s partners
in South Africa and the UK.
More women-only engineering MSc
scholarships at Brunel
For the second year running Brunel
University London is to offer £10,000
a year scholarships across its MSc
engineering courses open to females
only, with 30 awards on offer.
The move follows the successful
introduction of its Women in
Engineering (WiE) programme in
2014 which combines bursaries and a
range of other activities from matching
students with professional engineers in
industry to leadership, communication
and leadership skills training.
Said Brunel Director of Planning Dr
Rosa Scoble: “We are already one of
the largest engineering departments
in the country with ambitious plans to
become the UK’s biggest.
“Like the engineering profession itself
we are acutely aware that to continue
to thrive we need to recruit many more
women on to our courses.
“The pilot programme is already
proving an enormous success both
with students and with industry
with professional engineer mentors
volunteering their services from blue
chip companies like Arup and BAE
Systems.
“As well as the MSc scholarships we are
extending the Women in Engineering
programme to undergraduate students
from 2015/16. We already have more
than 400 female student engineers on
campus and this year we are looking to
scale up that number drastically.”
JLR & BAE Have Got Engineering
Talent
Engineering giants makes Semta Skills
Awards final. Jaguar Land Rover and
BAE Systems have been shortlisted for
the Semta Skills Awards 2015 which
celebrate the best in British engineering
and advanced manufacturing.
Hundreds of nominations from across
the UK for the seven categories have
been shortlisted to leave 25 finalists
battling it out in the prestigious Semta
Skills Awards with the winners being
revealed at a gala awards dinner in
London’s Park Plaza, Riverbank on
February 24 hosted by TV presenter
Michael Underwood.
Jaguar Land Rover and BAE Systems
are finalists in the Skills Innovation of
the Year award, sponsored by Siemens
for their work in leading the Auto and
Aero Trailblazers initiatives to drive up
standards of apprenticeships to ensure
workers are equipped with the skills
required by the sectors.
The two industry giants have been
key players in leading work across
the Advanced Manufacturing and
Engineering sectors to ensure several
new standards and assessment
approaches have been worked through,
designed and some implemented by
September last year.
The Aero/Airworthiness and Auto
trailblazer groups are jointly shortlisted
for the skills innovation award based
upon a well thought through campaign
and approach led by key movers and
shakers from within the sector, on
behalf of the sector.
Manufacturers Press Ahead with
Further Growth in Orders - CBI
Survey
Export performance remains a risk
looking ahead
New orders continued to expand for
British manufacturers in the three
months to January, but firms expect
their export orders to tail-off in the
coming quarter, according to the latest
CBI Quarterly Industrial Trends Survey.
The survey of 467 firms saw a rise
in the volume of total new orders,
led by strong demand at home and
very modest growth in export orders.
Manufacturing output rose at a similar
pace to the previous quarter and it was
notable that costs and prices fell, with
unit costs edging down for the first time
in over twelve years. Average domestic
price deflation is at its fastest rate since
2010.
Meanwhile, numbers employed in the
manufacturing sector continued to
grow at a solid pace.
Over the next three months, firms
anticipate new export orders to be flat,
acting as a drag on total orders growth,
while domestic orders are set to
continue rising, if at a somewhat slower
pace compared to previous quarters.
Output is expected to continue growing
modestly.
However, access to skilled labour and
capacity constraints are key factors
cited as likely to limit output in the
next quarter, and significantly more
respondents expect price competition
to limit export orders. Firms do,
however, remain more optimistic about
the general business situation than
three months ago.
Looking to the year ahead,
manufacturers’ plans for investment
in plant and machinery have
strengthened, while plans for spending
on product and process innovation and
training/retraining remain robust.
EIB supports engineering research
with EUR 300m loan to Atlas Copco
The development of cleaner, safer
and more efficient manufacturing,
construction and mining equipment
will be enhanced thanks to research,
development and innovation at Atlas
Copco, supported with financing from
the European Investment Bank (EIB).
Under an agreement signed recently in
Luxembourg, the EIB will provide a EUR
300 million loan to Atlas Copco, one
of the world leaders in compressors,
construction and mining equipment,
power tools and assembly systems. As
part of Atlas Copco’s long-term funding
programme, the loan will support the
development of more efficient, more
environmentally friendly and safer
products. The company’s activities in
research, development and innovation,
mainly based in Sweden and Belgium,
also involve close cooperation with
European universities and research
institutes, helping to disseminate
cutting-edge technologies.
Jonathan Taylor, EIB Vice-President
with responsibility for lending in
Sweden, stated: “We are glad to sign
this agreement with Atlas Copco,
a global leader in the technology
of compression, mining and rock
excavation. This will support innovation
in a key area of the economy, reduce
carbon emissions, improve energy
efficiency, and enhance the safety of
workers”.
The project supported by the bank
of the European Union will be
carried out from 2015 until 2018 and
implemented by more than 5000
Atlas Copco employees, with some
1350 directly involved in the research
and development work. EIB Vice-
President Jonathan Taylor commented:
“Projects such as this strengthen
the competitiveness of European
companies, so enhancing Europe’s
position as a major technology supplier
and supporting skilled employment
opportunities.”
NPL Temperature and Humidity
Courses 2015
Temperature Measurement and
Calibration Course, 8-10 June 2015
Humidity Measurement and Calibration
Course, 8-12 June 2015
Registration is now open for the
NPL Temperature and Humidity
Measurement and Calibration training
courses at NPL, Teddington.
Why attend:
• The courses concentrate on the
main techniques of temperature
and humidity measurement in
use today, giving background and
guidance on their application in
industry and science.
25
Industry News
• The programme includes a mixture
of lectures and laboratory sessions
• The Temperature Measurement
and Calibration Course holds a third
optional (highly recommended) day
of practical ‘hands-on’ training
Who should attend:
• Laboratory staff
• Technical managers
• Anyone who needs to know and
understand how to make good
measurements
During both courses there will be an
equipment manufacturers exhibition. If
you would like to exhibit please register.
Participants in past courses have
come from all the major industrial and
technical sectors where temperature
and humidity measurements are
important, and from many countries
around the world.
Ricardo marks one hundred years of
performance and sustainability
As the company enters its centenary
year, a range of events and celebrations
is planned, culminating in the mid-
2015 launch of the low carbon Vehicle
Emissions Research Centre (VERC)
at the Ricardo Shoreham Technical
Centre in Southern England. This brand
new £10 million facility will enable the
development of next-generation of
clean, low carbon vehicles including
advanced technology hybrid electric
vehicles and their associated energy
regeneration systems.
Founded as Engine Patents Ltd on 8
February 1915 and formally registered
on 10 August the same year, the
company that is today known as
Ricardo plc was the original creation
of Harry (later Sir Harry) Ricardo. Its
first major success was the design
of an engine which transformed the
performance of the world’s first battle
tank: the First World War was then raging.
The Ricardo centenary year will
commence with a series of employee
26
events at each of the company’s many
international sites across the UK,
Europe, the United States and Asia.
The first public aspect of the centenary
festivities was the launch earlier this
month of the Ricardo 100 website –
www.ricardo100.com – which will be
used to provide news and information
throughout 2015 regarding events
marking the Ricardo centenary year.
This will be followed in the spring by
the publication of a high quality book
documenting the history of Ricardo,
which will be made available to the
public through the Ricardo online store.
Reflecting the company’s commitment
to education and training, a Centenary
Bursary is to be launched, which will
provide assistance to students initially
from the Shoreham area through their
university studies – an initiative that
the company aims to roll out in the
areas close to all of its other major UK
facilities.
New British Standard
A committee led by a TWI engineer
has published a new British Standard
providing guidance on the use of single-
edge-notch tension (SENT) tests.
The standard, BS 8571:2014,
represents the first time that SENT
testing has been standardised, and will
be of significant interest to companies
in the oil and gas industry, where SENT
tests are increasingly carried out to
qualify pipeline girth weld procedures.
The British Standards Institution (BSI)
committee responsible for producing
the standard was led by Dr Philippa
Moore, a TWI engineer specialising
in fracture toughness testing. The
committee spent several years writing
and developing the standard, which
applies to steels and covers both single
point and R-curve fracture toughness,
in terms of both crack tip opening
displacement (CTOD) and J-integral.
Areas of guidance covered by the
standard include specimen design
and preparation, testing procedures,
instrumentation and analysis of data.
TWI has conducted significant research
into improving the effectiveness of
SENT testing, including a two-year joint
industry project that sought to achieve
industry standardisation of the method.
The research carried out as part of this
project was instrumental in creating the
new standard.
More information on the standard can
be found on the BSI website: http://
shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?p
id=000000000030244144
To find out more about TWI expertise
pertaining to SENT testing, visit www.
twi-global.com and search for “SENT”.
News from Merseyside Innovation
Awards
Speke-based supercar manufacturer
Briggs Automotive Company has
moved up a gear since driving away
with last year’s Merseyside Innovation
Award, growing its team as well as its
order book.
BAC is now a major global luxury brand
thanks to its cutting-edge Mono, the
single-seater, road legal supercar that
is turning heads as far afield as the
USA and Dubai.
The MIA win and its prize of £10,000
has helped BAC to fund five university
student placements at the business,
adding to its growing team of specialists
with young technical talent.
The BAC team has tripled in size since
its Merseyside Innovation Award win,
with the firm now employing over 20
people.
BAC’s Mono is a lightweight, road legal
supercar designed and manufactured
using the latest racing technology. With
blistering performance, it sets a new
benchmark in what road legal cars can do.
Over the past year, BAC has co-
developed lightweight carbon-ceramic
brakes for Mono and is continuing to
focus on innovation, with a number
of radical projects in development,
enhancing both performance and the
bespoke features of the car.
The Merseyside Innovation Awards is
now accepting entries for 2015. The
final deadline to enter is May 15.
The overall winner will get £10,000
cash with the runners up given the
chance to access specialist business
support worth up to £2,000.
The final will take place on July 9 at the
Crowne Plaza Hotel in Liverpool. For
all the latest updates or to enter visit
www.merseysideinnovationawards.
co.uk
Advanced Engineering Centre
coming to Brighton
This is the first look at a new Advanced
Engineering Centre being established
at the University of Brighton. The
Centre, backed with £5m from the
Higher Education Funding Council
for England (HEFCE), will provide
cutting-edge facilities for mechanical,
automotive and aerospace engineering
to educate the next generation of
professional engineers.
The Centre will incorporate the
university’s Centre for Excellence in
Internal Combustion Research which
earlier received £7m Government
backing. This Centre of Excellence
is being established in partnership
with Shoreham-based Ricardo, world
leaders in technical and environmental
consultancy and specialising in the
development of low carbon vehicle
technology. Joint collaborative projects
include the search for the near-zero
emissions internal combustion engine.
The Advanced Engineering Centre
is integral to the university’s £150m
redevelopment scheme for its
Moulsecoomb campus which includes
Preston Barracks, a partnership
scheme between the university
and Brighton & Hove City Council.
Professor Andrew Lloyd, Dean of the
university’s College of Life, Health and
Physical Sciences, said:.
“These facilities will provide a unique
opportunity for our undergraduate
and postgraduate students to study
alongside our researchers and
engineers from Ricardo and undertake
industrially relevant projects at the
forefront of engineering within the
research facilities.
“In addition to inspiring more young
people to study STEM subjects, we
aim to support their transition from
education to employment through our
career-focussed approach to learning
in this new and exciting educational
environment.”
The Advanced Engineering
Centre, based on the University’s
Moulsecoomb Campus, will include
new and refurbished accommodation
and facilities for hi-tech, design-
led manufacturing to support other
companies in the region.
Work is expected to start in June next
year, for completion in November 2016.
NAFEMS Benchmark Challenge
Have you taken the challenge yet?
Education and best practise are at the
heart of NAFEMS’ activities and it is
with this spirit and a hint of fun that we
would like to introduce the Benchmark
Challenge Problem series. We will be
posing a series of challenge problems
that will be hosted on the NAFEMS
blog pages. You can view the first in
the series at www.nafems.org/blog -
We recommend that readers check the
blog regularly, as we will be posting
hints and tips relating to the challenge
problem.
NAFEMS invites readers to send their
responses to challenge@nafems.org,
or use the comment feature at the
bottom of the blog pages.
The reader providing the highest
number of correct answers to the series
of problems will be entered into a draw
to win an iPad mini in October 2015.
www.nafems.org/blog
Functional Materials research gets
£20 million boost from EPSRC
Ten new research projects that will
advance the UK’s manufacturing
capability, develop new and exciting
functional materials, and accelerate the
translation of the science of functional
materials through to application were
announced today by the Engineering
and Physical Sciences Research
Council (EPSRC).
The projects will include:
- developing thin-film materials and
novel manufacturing methods for
wearable technology ;
- improving the mass production of
carbon nanotube materials ;
- advanced manufacturing of
nanoparticles for healthcare
applications
- revolutionising the manufacture
and use of specialised glass
(chalcogenides);
- exploiting the potential of flexible
perovskite photovoltaics that
will reduce costs and improve
performance of solar cell
technology;
- developing the materials needed for
the new class of photonic integrated
circuits for use in communications,
sensors, imaging and lighting;
- developing advanced fabrication
processes for Gallium Nitride and
related materials, for the UK’s
emerging manufacturing industries
Developed in response to the
Manufacturing Advanced Functional
Materials (MAFuMa) call issued by
EPSRC in February 2014, the projects
include research programmes and
strategic equipment and will be led by
the universities of Bath, Cambridge,
Oxford, Leeds, Southampton, UCL
(University College London) and
Bangor University.
Overall seventeen universities
are involved and, combined with
universities’ contributions and those
from industry partners, the total value
of these projects is £32.1 million.
27
Product News
Morgan Designs Large Single-Piece
Composite Structure for Innovative
Rapid Transit Vehicle
The drive to manufacture large,
homogeneous products that exhibit
uniform characteristics, continues to
challenge designers and manufacturers
working across a vast spectrum of
industry sectors and with a broad range
of materials.
One recent high-profile project where
this was amply illustrated related
to the development of a Personal
Rapid Transit (PRT) vehicle for use
at South Korea’s Suncheon Bay, a
coastal wetland that needs a tourist
transportation system with minimal
environmental impact.
The design for the composite pod for
the system by specialist manufacturer
Vectus contained a door surround with a
9-metre circumference. The challenge
given to the Commercial Composites
engineering team at Morgan Advanced
Materials was to come up with a way of
manufacturing the structural frame in a
single piece which would be rigid and
lightweight yet flexible enough to meet
the required performance parameters.
Morgan designs and manufactures
products in a variety of composite
materials in highly demanding
applications in sectors ranging from
defence to medical. Core to its
thinking on each project is the need
to marry the demands of performance
and appearance while minimising
component weight.
One of the team’s key areas of
experience is in the manufacture
of large blown tube structures. For
this project the team recommended
a carbon fibre core which was both
woven – structured in two directions for
flexibility and ease of surface finishing
– and unidirectional, allowing the
design to be optimised on a structure
for different load cases. The laying-
28
up process would be undertaken ‘dry’
with the part created in an autoclave.
The part would then be finished using
a phenolic resin system, which offers
enhanced fire resistance compared
with epoxy-based products.
Moog Car Seat Test System Allows
Greater Flexibility in Automotive
Test Labs
East Aurora, NY, USA, January 26,
2015 - The Industrial Group of Moog
Inc. (NYSE: MOG.A and MOG.B)
has developed a 3-channel electro-
mechanical test system to simulate
loads on the seatback and benches of
vehicles. The system has been installed
at a car seat manufacturer in Asia
that manufactures complete seating
systems and interior components for
automotive and transport companies.
The test system is based on the Moog
Electric Linear Actuation Solution
that incorporates Moog’s innovative
brushless servomotor and ball-screw
technology, a state-of-the-art servo
drive and user-friendly commissioning
software that is easy to setup, maintain
and move around in the test lab, while
saving energy and providing clean
operation. This is especially important
when testing is performed inside a
car. In addition to seats and benches,
other applications can be tested with
this solution such as: Car doors and
panels, car accessories, assemblies,
gear levers, pedals, and seat belts.
The Moog test system consists of three
Electric Actuators, a Portable Test
Controller with three channels, three
Servo Drives and Test Software. All of
the components are optimized to work
together to provide the highest levels of
performance and accuracy. In addition
three electric Servo Motors move
the actuators in a vertical direction to
compensate for vertical displacement
of the seats. An angle sensor placed
on the seat provides information
concerning seat displacement in
order to determine the correct height
of the actuators. All core products are
designed and built by Moog using
technology proven to be reliable in the
most rugged applications.
Nprime Ltd - ISO 9001:2008
Certification Announcement
Nprime Ltd is proud to announce that
we are now certified as ISO 9001:2008
compliant, the most widely used and
internationally-recognised framework
for good business management.
This ISO 9001:2008 compliance
demonstrates that Nprime has policies,
processes and procedures in place to
meet the requirements of an effective
Quality Management System.
To become certified as ISO 9001:2008
compliant, Nprime underwent an
extensive process of review and
improvement to establish our procedural
document and quality manual. This
process included setting measureable
objectives and incorporating corrective
and preventative actions and methods
of monitoring customer satisfaction.
All members of staff were informed
and trained on the new or updated
procedures and key staff are part of
the review and improvements steps.
Finally, an extensive audit was carried
out to enable our certification.
Compliance with ISO 9001:2008
recognises that Nprime’s policies,
practices and procedures are of a
robust quality in the services we
provide to our customers. With this
certification, our customers can be
confident that Nprime is dedicated
to maintaining the highest efficiency
and responsiveness in achieving our
ultimate goal – guaranteed customer
satisfaction.
To maintain our certification, Nprime
will have an annual Surveillance Audit
to ensure our policies and practices
continue to meet the standard. As a
result, customers can be confident that
Nprime will provide them with the
same high quality services and
responsiveness well into the future.
Instron Announces Second
Generation Advanced Video
Extensometer - January 2015
Instron, a leading provider of testing
equipment designed to evaluate
mechanical properties of materials and
components, announces the newest
advanced video extensometer, the AVE
2, that conforms to the most rigorous
testing standards, such as ISO 527,
ASTM D3039, and ASTM D638.
This second generation advanced
video extensometer utilises patented
measurement technology in the fastest,
most accurate non-contacting strain
measurement device commercially
available.
The fully-integrated device easily
adapts to the normal fluctuations of
environmental conditions in your lab
and is easily adapted to any testing
machine on the market that uses
a ±10v analog input (performance
depends on the system). Designed
to dramatically reduce errors from
thermal and lighting variations that are
common in most labs, the AVE 2 is the
only device on the market to utilise the
real-time 490Hz data rate while also
achieving a 1 micron accuracy.
Its versatility allows for testing under
multiple environmental conditions
and can be used for advanced strain
measurement with Digital Image
Correlation (DIC). The AVE 2 measures
both modulus and strain to failure of
almost any material including plastics,
metals, composites, textiles, films, bio-
materials, and many more.
ASDEC Offers New Full Surface
Strain Measurement Capability
ASDEC is now able to undertake
detailed non-contact surface strain
measurements to add to its world
leading capabilities in the measurement
and analysis of vibration. The University
of Leicester facility is using its Polytec
3D scanning laser vibrometer to
undertake a detailed surface scan to
measure component strains and to
produce, by calculation, a full-field map
of stresses and strains that is directly
comparable to the engineer’s Finite
Element (FE) results.
Knowledge of stresses and strains in
a component and an understanding
of their origins is vital to design
engineers considering the durability
of their product. Obtaining a detailed
map of the component stresses and
strains under dynamic loading is
highly time consuming using traditional
methods. Added to this the placement
of strain gauges on modern extremely
lightweight materials can have a
measureable effect on damping and
stiffness causing uncertainty in the
results.
The ASDEC use of 3D scanning laser
is a non-contact method that does
not add mass to the structure and
therefore has no observer effect on the
results. These high quality results are
extremely quick to obtain as there is
no need to invest time in the delicate
art of affixing foil strain gauges to the
component.
ASDEC is also able to utilise robot
controlled placement of the system to
allow the 3D scanning lasers to fully
track a curved surface. This level of
control helps maintain the orientation of
the laser heads with a curved surface
allowing for detailed measurements of
strain on complex components such
as turbine blades in extremely short
timeframes compared to conventional
methods.
ASDEC’s system can be programmed
to scan full surface strain of any object
that can be fitted into the test chamber.
In addition to this ASDEC offer a
remote scanning service utilizing their
mobile 3D scanning laser vibrometer
allowing equivalent testing at a
customer’s private location. Full details
are available at www.asdec.co
UK’s CableSniffer™ is a World-
Beater Top Engineering Award
for Innovation that’s Saving UK
Electricity Companies and their
Customers £154 million per year
UK electricity companies and their
customers are saving more than £154
million a year thanks to a hand-held
instrument called the CableSniffer™.
It has revolutionised the location of
underground low voltage cable faults,
so they can be fixed faster with less
environmental damage. Now it’s poised
to be an international best-seller.
Designed and patented by power
engineering specialist EA Technology
in Capenhurst, Cheshire, the
CableSniffer™ has beaten 400 entries
from 22 countries to win the Institution
of Engineering and Technology (IET)
2014 Innovation Award for power and
energy.
There are an estimated 60,000
underground low voltage cable faults in
the UK each year, often causing loss
of customer supply. The CableSniffer™
has been adopted by every UK
electricity distribution network operator
to replace traditional methods of
searching for them, which previously
involved digging multiple holes
and caused lengthy road closures,
environmental damage and delays in
restoration of service.
By contrast, the CableSniffer™ works
by sampling gas given off by faults, via
small drill holes. The highest reading
shows where the fault is located,
accurate to within a metre, so only a
single dig is needed. Instead of taking
a day or more to find each fault, the
CableSniffer™ can locate them in
under an hour.
29
News from Women’s Engineering Society
In 2006 Doris Gray left a
legacy to WES to promote
engineering to females in
Scotland. Canadian Doris
Gray was the Professor
of Biochemistry at the
University of Hong Kong
who retired in 1975 to
Dunblane in Scotland. The
legacy is used to provide scholarships
to women studying engineering in
Scotland and to date £34,500 has been
awarded.
Grants have also been awarded to
organisations who set up university
students groups, run school events,
university introduction courses and
science fairs, in addition to funding
students to attend conferences and
international exchange programs.
In 2009 to promote the Doris Gray fund
the first female engineering student
conference was held in Edinburgh;
seven women presented, 40 students
attended and there was 1 sponsoring
company. The conference was so
successful that it was decided to make
this an annual event.
The latest (and largest) conference
was held on the 14 and 15 November
2014 at Aston University with over
40 presenters (women and men),
9 sponsoring companies and 112
students from 25 universities across
the UK, including Northern Ireland.
The conference aims are to:
1) Demonstrate the exciting
opportunities available within
engineering
2) Connect students with companies
3) Provide Continuing Professional
Development
4) Network
The conference is not a careers fair but
it gives students the opportunity to hear
from actual engineers who talk candidly
about their experience of their working
in industry. Presenters range from
recent graduates to senior managers
and the students are given the chance
to network with the presenters, other
members of staff and WES members
during breaks and over dinner on the
Saturday evening.
30
It is important to highlight to students
that they are in demand, there are
many interesting engineering careers
paths available ranging from working
as an engineer in the UK with one
company to working worldwide in
multi companies in many disciplines
and that senior management and men
as well as women want more women
in their companies not only because
there is a major shortage of engineers
but because diversity benefits their
companies.
Students come from a wide range
of engineering disciplines including
systems, electronics, mechanical,
chemical, biomedical, civil, aerospace,
automotive, naval, there has also been
physicists and an architect in attendance.
Each year a wide range of subjects
are presented, including: Energy
Management, Innovation and
Creativity, Aerospace and Defence,
Bioengineering, Robotics and
Autonomous Systems, Manufacturing,
and Road Infrastructure with topics
covering ejector seats, lighting strikes,
design safety, smart clothing, designing
a car, introducing variable speed limits
on motorways, starting a company and
what next after university.
There have been Continuing
Professional Development training
courses on mentoring, preparing
for your first job, branding yourself,
insights into leadership, career break
planning, studying for a PhD/EngD
and communicating your specialising.
With fun events such as a treasure
hunt round Edinburgh, ghost walk, and
learning about string theory from Dr
Mark Lewney a guitar physicist.
Funding for the conference is through
company sponsorship, university
support for students and voluntary
contribution from WES members.
Feedback is always positive with 93%
of students stating they found the
event useful and inspiring with good
presenters. Testimonials include:
“The quality of presentations and
debate at the WES Conference were
some of the best I have experienced
More direct answers to questions
given at conference than I receive from
university
Extremely successful women and men
in companies easy to approach
I’m in high demand as a woman
engineer”
Although the majority of students
attending the conference are studying
engineering, the latest statistics show
that only 58% of females studying
engineering will become engineers; the
conference aims to increase this figure.
Students are inspired by the number
of women studying engineering and
the range of opportunities available
to them within industry. Sponsoring
companies are always impressed
with the calibre and enthusiasm of the
students. Previous attendees have
stayed in engineering after attending
the conference and been recruited by
the sponsoring companies.
After feedback from the students WES
has started to set up a student groups
within universities; the most successful
group to date has been the University
of Bath group funded by Mr Roger
Whorrod OBE.
The student conference is one of WES’
leading flagship events where a positive
impact has been made. The next
conference will be run on the 20 and 21
of November 2015 at Aston University. If
anyone would like more information on
the conference or would like to present
or better still become a sponsor please
get in contact with myself.
Dr Carol Marsh, Electronics Technical
Manager and Immediate Past
President of WES
ip_president@wes.org.uk
http://conference.wes.org.uk/eng-
inspiration14
News from British Standards
TDW/4/7 activity in
2014
BSI’s TDW/4/7
committee on Design
for Manufacture,
A s s e m b l y ,
Disassembly
and End-of-life
processing (MADE)
– chaired by Prof
Brian Griffiths – had a very busy year
in 2014, as is usual for this dynamic,
ever-expanding group. The committee
was involved in a number of different
projects and events, including the
revision of BS 7000-2, promotion of
the BS 8887 series, and ongoing work
within the international standards
arena, ISO, to convert BS 8887-1 into
an international standard.
One of the highlights of 2014 was the
work undertaken on the revision of
the design management standard, BS
7000-2:2008, Design management
systems. Guide to managing the
design of manufactured products. This
popular and well-used design standard
is being revised for the first time by
the TDW/4/7 committee area, having
been transferred to it from a former BSI
committee area. A small and dedicated
panel of TDW/4/7 experts was set up to
conduct the revision process, working
with one of BSI’s Content Developers
to provide new and updated text to
improve the standard.
The draft of BS 7000-2 is approaching
its two month public comment stage
(expected early in 2015) during which
time users, past purchasers of the
standard, and anyone else interested
in the design management area will
be able to review the document and
send in comments to BSI. If you would
like to submit any comments on the
draft, please visit the BSI draft review
website http://drafts.bsigroup.com/
During 2014 TDW/4/7 was also
actively involved in organizing events
to promote and raise awareness of
the BS 8887 series on Design for
MADE. The series comprises the
following parts:
• BS 8887-1:2006, Design for
MADE – Part 1: General concepts,
process and requirements;
• BS 8887-2:2009, Design for MADE
– Part 2: Terms and definitions;
• BS 8887-220, Design for MADE
– Part 220: The process of
remanufacture;
• BS 8887-240, Design for MADE –
Part 240: Reconditioning;
• BS 8887-211, Design for MADE
– Part 211, Specification for
reworking and remarketing of
computing hardware.
As reported in the last edition of the
Journal, TDW/4/7 committee member
Dr Richard Bateman of Brunel
University’s Innovative Manufacturing
Collaborative Research Network
(IMCRN) hosted an awareness
raising event for the BS 8887 series of
standards at the University’s campus
in Uxbridge, Middlesex on Wednesday
7th May 2014. As a result of the success
of the first event, Brunel University was
in a position to host a second BS 8887
event on Tuesday 25th November
2014. This time the event formed
part of Brunel’s Global Sustainable
Manufacturing programme, an
EPSRC-funded initiative to encourage
collaboration between the UK and
China on sustainable manufacturing
issues. As well as BSI, TDW/4/7 and
Brunel speakers, the November event
also included speakers from China’s
remanufacturing and recycling areas.
One of the presentations of particular
interest to the TDW/4/7 area was from
the Chinese state-funded laboratory
for remanufacturing based in Beijing.
The presentation included updates
on policy initiatives from the Chinese
government aimed at increasing
remanufacturing within Chinese
industry. Information was also given
on the technological advances the
laboratory has been exploring and
an update on the 15 or so standards
that China has already developed
based around their technologies in
remanufacturing.
TDW/4/7 experts from the University
of Sussex, based in Brighton, attended
the November event and are keen to
host the next BS 8887 awareness-
raising event at their university early in
2015. TDW/4/7 hopes to make this a
rolling programme of events throughout
2015 and beyond.
Continuing on the theme of
remanufacture, TDW/4/7 committee
expert Dr Winnie Ijomah of the
University of Strathclyde in Glasgow
recently launched the Scottish Institute
for Remanufacture (SIR). The new
Scottish-Government-funded institute
will be based at Strathclyde with
Winnie as its Technical Director. The
institute will work with Scottish industry
on match-funded research projects
on all aspects of remanufacturing.
The launch event on Wednesday 21st
January was very well attended with
experts from Scotland and across
the UK making the trip to Glasgow.
Presentations on the day came from
remanufacturers in the automotive,
ICT and electronics sectors. At the
afternoon workshop there were strong
calls from participants for standards
and/or certification (“Kitemarks”) for
remanufactured products.
With all of this work and activity,
TDW/4/7 – and the broader TDW/4
committee area – is always looking for
new committee members and experts
to join its standards drafting groups,
national committees or international
working groups.
Further general information on taking
part in standards work can be found at :
h t t p : / / w w w. b s i g r o u p . c o m / e n /
Standards-and-Publications/About-
standards/What-are-the-benefits-of-
standards/
If you would like more information on
any of TDW/4/7’s specific projects or
work programme or if you would like to
get involved in any way in the Design
for MADE committee, please contact
Sarah Kelly, Lead Programme Manager
– Committee Secretary to TDW/4, at
BSI on sarah.kelly@bsigroup.com.
31
News from Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
calls for a wholesale change in way
we promote engineering to teenagers
Engineers create the world we see
around us. From the earliest cave
dwellers with their simple tools to today’s
sophisticated transport, energy and
communications technology, humans have
relied on engineers to improve the world.
At the same time, the processes that
collectively constitute engineering
remain among the most creative and
fulfilling experiences that human beings
can have.
And yet despite this, the number of
people employed in engineering and
manufacturing in the UK has halved in
the last 30 years.
The Institution’s latest report, ‘Five Tribes:
Personalising Engineering Education’,
is calling on Government, teachers,
industry and STEM organisations to
take into account young people’s diverse
values and attitudes to try and inspire
them about engineering.
The report identifies five clearly defined
‘tribes’ of young people in the UK, aged
11–19:
• Stem Devotees: enthusiasts
who expressed very high levels
of enjoyment of STEM subjects,
especially mathematics. This group
saw STEM-related careers as
prestigious, clever and accessible.
• Social Artists: young people who
tended to enjoy STEM subjects less
than other students and who were
more likely to be positive about art,
English language, drama and dance.
Their connection with traditionally
‘creative’ subjects may on the surface
make them less likely candidates
for a future in STEM, but this group
comprises many potential engineers if
the engineering community were better
32
able to promote its creative side.
• Enthused Unfocussed: teenagers
with wide-ranging interests, including
an acknowledged enjoyment and
interest in STEM subjects, but who
lack confidence that a STEM career
is for them.
• Individualists: adolescents who
have less interest in engineering as
a career and who are more likely
to study academic subjects linked
to specific vocations, such as law,
psychology and business. But as
the most entrepreneurial tribe, they
would benefit from greater exposure
to the opportunities in engineering.
• Less Engaged: pupils who broadly
lack confidence in their own abilities
and had the lowest affinity of any
group with engineering.
Peter Finegold, Head of Education and
Skills at the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers and Lead Author of the
report, said:
“Whatever we have been doing isn’t
working. The UK is struggling with
a dramatic shortfall of engineers. In
2010 it was calculated that demand
to maintain economic growth meant
producing 190,000 engineering
graduates and technicians every
year till 2020. Last year we produced
only 51,000, of our 87,000 target for
graduates alone, and time is ticking by.
“Engineering is a hugely creative
subject yet our education system too
often segregates those it sees as
potential engineers from those it deems
artists. Yet it is clear that if we are to
meet this shortfall, we need to think
differently about who our audience is.
“If we are serious about meeting the
UK’s engineering skills shortage we
can no longer rely on appealing just to
the small proportion of people who are
passionate about STEM subjects. Our
research shows that young women for
example, tend to have a greater affinity
to engineering connected to design,
medicine, sports and the environment and
this should be reflected in the way STEM
subjects are presented to them in school.”
Based on the research the Institution
makes five key recommendations:
1) There is no single best practice in
teaching students or inspiring their
interest. For engineering, different
approaches are needed for five distinct
audiences. Government, teachers,
industry and STEM organisations
must take into account young people’s
diverse values and attitudes, when
developing programmes, courses
and activities, if we are to significantly
increase numbers to desired levels.
2) A significant minority of school
students is enthusiastic about
engineering but lacks confidence
to pursue the subject. Schools and
outreach providers should actively
identify and support these young
people to build up their resilience and
maintain their passion.
3) We should select a broad range of
modern technologies and contexts
to illustrate the diverse nature of
engineering. Young women, for
example, tend to have greater
affinity with engineering connected to
design, medicine, sports, information,
environment, agriculture and
construction. This should be reflected
in how engineering is presented to
them.
4) Adolescents currently have little
exposure to engineering within
schools so have few opportunities
to look beyond outdated archetypes
of the subject. UK Government
Education Departments should ensure
that engineering features prominently
and explicitly in the curriculum to
allow each young person to see the
connection between their individual
capabilities, interests and values; and
future career opportunities.
5) This work offers a national snapshot of
attitudes to engineering and technology
within a specific age group. The
study should be repeated every 3-4
years to gauge how the combination
of initiatives and interventions has
changed perceptions of STEM and
engineering and hence the supply of
skilled people needed to grow the UK
economy.
Group News
Simulation, Test
& Measurement
Group
Planning of the 2015
Instrumentation,
Analysis and
Testing Exhibition at
Silverstone is now well
advanced. Put the date in your diaries
– March 17th, as I’m sure you don’t
want to miss it. This year’s event is
shaping up to be better than ever with
even more exhibitors. The technical
Open Forums will be of great interest
too; and this year we have four topics
that should prove to be popular. These
are:
• Residual Strain and What is
Failure?
• Similar Vehicles Have Similar
Loads (Why Collect Data?)
• Durability Testing of Ground
Vehicle and Aerospace Electronic
Components and Systems
• Metrology - Saving Time, Money
and Tempers and Reducing
Waste
As is always the case, we don’t know
exactly what will be presented at
these sessions, but all are welcome
to come along and participate. I am
sure that you will enjoy the stimulating
discussions in a relaxed and friendly
atmosphere. In the past, we have found
that topics discussed at the forums
have been so interesting that we
have felt encouraged to organise one
day seminars to further explore them.
One of the latest to be arranged is the
repeat of the “Fundamentals of Vehicle
Data Collection” seminar, which proved
to be so popular in 2014. The fatigue
group had a great success with a recent
seminar on the “Basics of Fatigue” too.
It seems that there is a real need for
people to have the chance to re-visit
the basic, practical techniques that we
deploy in our everyday work. The EIS
is well placed to promote these events,
as we have many contacts in the testing
industry to call upon. I would welcome
any feedback on these events and also
suggestions for topics for the future.
Geoff Rowlands
Chairman
Durability & Fatigue Group
The D&FG is pleased to welcome Dr
Ali Mehmanparast from the Offshore
Renewable Energy Centre, Cranfield
as a new member. We would like to
thank Prof Feargal Brennan and Prof
John Draper for many years supporting
the group.
In November 2014 we held a fatigue
theory course which was well attended,
and well received; my thanks to all three
presenters. The course was aimed at
practising engineers faced with fatigue
calculations in software or structural
tests and wanting to understand the
basic principles in more detail, and
from an independent source. There
are many commonly believed myths
that needed to be dispelled too. We
included a merry-go-round in smaller
groups looking at broken parts and
discussing cause and effect. Sadly, due
to a last minute illness, one presenter
was unavailable and we will replace
this with a web-based delivery of the
last chapter on welds and cracks (a
new adventure for the group).
Our next event, on 22 April, is the
recurring theme of renewable energy
(wind, wave and tidal) which we have
historically held in Bristol but this time
will be at Edinburgh university’s new
test facility in the Institute for Energy
Systems. In the abstracts offered we
noted a significant shift towards tidal
stream devices. Presentations include
experience from the field, including
lessons that could have been learnt from
the oil and gas industry, measurement
techniques relevant to defining the real
loads and of course structural integrity
testing and assessment from standards
old and new.
Robert Cawte
Chairman
Sound Quality & Product
Perception Group
Following the very successful SVPP
seminar and exhibition held in June
last year at the Brunel University’s
Human Centred Design Institute, the
committee are now planning for the
next event, which will take place on
30th June 2015 at MIRA, Nuneaton
and is titled ‘Developments in
Measurement & Analysis Techniques
for Automotive NVH’. Over the last
decade, the techniques available
for assessment and development of
vehicle sound quality and NVH have
undergone huge advances. Many of
the latest measurement and analysis
methodologies will be reviewed during
this one-day event
The event provides an opportunity
for those involved in the field of
NVH measurement and analysis
either from industry or academia to
present their research or applications
and to meet with others working to
improve the NVH performance within
33
Sound Quality & Product Perception Group News ... cont.
automotive applications.
The day will be structured in three parts
– in the morning there will presentations
from various speakers, during the
extended lunch an opportunity
for delegates to view MIRA’s new
technology park and facilities, followed
by workshop style demonstrations later
in the afternoon. We feel that there is a
strong demand for high value ‘hands-
on’ training in a classroom environment
and the positive feedback from delegates
at Brunel certainly endorsed this.
Report
Basic Fatigue Course
Held on 19 November at Nettle Hill
Conference Centre, Ansty
The Basic Fatigue Course was
held on 19 November at Nettle Hill
Conference Centre, Ansty and proved
to be particularly popular. 58 delegates
attended the event from a wide variety
of companies and feedback from the
course was very positive.
The morning sessions were run by
Dr Peter Blackmore of Jaguar Land
Rover who discussed the background
Dr Peter Blackmore (left), of Jaguar Land Rover
34
During the day there will be the
traditional exhibition from equipment
and software suppliers that support
sound and vibration measurement
and analysis – we are hoping for even
more stands than usual this year! The
participation is particularly welcome
from the members representing
equipment and software suppliers
within the group, who provide the
working tools for the training workshop
as well as adding their expertise
in practical acoustic measurement
techniques and problem solving to the
to fatigue testing before focusing on
Stress-Life and Strain-Life methods.
During the lunch period delegates had
the opportunity to speak
with exhibitors, Zwick and
M&P International and
we are grateful for their
support at this event.
Dr Robin Anderson of
HBM then led a session
on Materials Testing
and Statistics, related to
representative data and
probability of failure.
Delegates found the
afternoon Surgery for
Broken Parts session
very useful, providing the
opportunity for a hands-
other committee members who will
participate.
We will soon be publishing the
programme, so if you or one of your
colleagues have a need for some
practical sound quality training at low
cost, please express your interest to
the EIS Secretariat info@e-i-s.org.uk
and you will be added (at no obligation)
to our list of potential bookings, and you
will be sent the programme as soon as
it is finalised.
John Wilkinson, Chairman
on session to closely examine a range
of parts for fatigue damage, covering a
wide range of examples, from rail track,
to welds, to rotating machine parts.
Unfortunately, our final speaker of the
day, Dr Amir Chahardehi of Atkins,
was unable to attend due to illness.
However, Robert Cawte of HBM
gave an overview of Fatigue Analysis
of Welded Structures and Fracture
Mechanics and Damage Tolerance,
based on the planned presentation
slides. This presentation was oriented
towards heavier structures such as
the oil and gas industry. There will
be the opportunity for all delegates
to view the original presentation very
soon, possibly our first live web-based
broadcast.
Committee Members
President: Peter Watson O.B.E.
Directors
Robert Cawte, HBM United Kingdom ............................................................................................................... 0121 7331837
Graham Hemmings, Engineering Consultant ................................................................................................... 0121 5203838
Richard Hobson, Serco Rail Technical Services .............................................................................................. 01332 263534
Trevor Margereson, Engineering Consultant ................................................................................................... 07881 802410
Geoff Rowlands, MIRA .................................................................................................................................... 02476 355517
Norman Thornton, Engineering Consultant ...................................................................................................... 07866 815200
John Wilkinson, Engineering Consultant ......................................................................................................... 07747 006475

Chairman
Trevor Margereson, Engineering Consultant ................................................................................................... 07881 802410
Vice Chairman
Richard Hobson, Serco Technical & Assurance Services ................................................................................ 01332 263534
Treasurer
Graham Hemmings, Engineering Consultant ................................................................................................... 0121 5203838
Company Secretary
Geoff Rowlands, MIRA .................................................................................................................................... 02476 355517
EIS Secretariat
Sara Atkin ..........................................................................................................................................................01572 811315
Communications Sub Committee – ‘Engineering Integrity’ Journal of the EIS
Honorary Editor
Karen Perkins, Swansea University ................................................................................................................ 01792 513029
Managing Editor
Catherine Pinder .............................................................................................................................................. 07979 270998

Simulation, Test & Measurement Group

Chairman
Geoff Rowlands, MIRA .................................................................................................................................... 02476 355517
Members
Paul Armstrong, Amber Instruments ................................................................................................................. 01246 260250
Steve Coe, Data Physics (UK) ......................................................................................................................... 01323 846464
Colin Dodds, Dodds & Associates .................................................................................................................... 07880 554590
Dave Ensor, MIRA ............................................................................................................................................ 02476 355295
Graham Hemmings, Engineering Consultant ................................................................................................... 0121 5203838
Richard Hobson, Serco Rail Technical Services .............................................................................................. 01332 263534
Trevor Margereson, Engineering Consultant .................................................................................................... 07881 802410
Ray Pountney, Engineering Consultant ............................................................................................................ 01245 320751
Tim Powell, Bruel & Kjaer VTS ......................................................................................................................... 01763 255780
Nick Richardson, Servotest .............................................................................................................................. 01784 274428
Paul Roberts, HBM United Kingdom ............................................................................................................... 0785 2945988
Jarek Rosinski, Transmission Dynamics .......................................................................................................... 0191 5800058
Bernard Steeples, Engineering Consultant ...................................................................................................... 01621 828312
Ian Strath, Siemens PLM Software ................................................................................................................. 01276 413200
Norman Thornton, Engineering Consultant ...................................................................................................... 07866 815200

35
Committee Members...continued
Kyle Voosen, National Instruments .................................................................................................................. 01635 523545
Darren Williams, Millbrook Proving Ground...................................................................................................... 01525 404242
Jeremy Yarnall, Consultant Engineer ............................................................................................................... 01332 875450
Conway Young, Tiab ........................................................................................................................................ 01295 714046

Durability & Fatigue Group

Chairman
Robert Cawte, HBM United Kingdom ............................................................................................................... 0121 7331837
Members
John Atkinson, Sheffield Hallam University ......................................................................................................01142 252014
Martin Bache, Swansea University .................................................................................................................. 01792 295287
Peter Blackmore, Jaguar Land Rover .............................................................................................................. 01926 923715
Amirebrahim Chahardehi, Cranfield University ................................................................................................ 01234 754631
Lee Gilbert, TRaC Global ................................................................................................................................. 01926 478478
Karl Johnson, Zwick Roell Group ..................................................................................................................... 0777957 8913
Ali Mehmanparast, Cranfield University .......................................................................................................... 01234 758331
Karen Perkins, University of Swansea ............................................................................................................ 01792 513029
Davood Sarchamy, British Aerospace Airbus ......................................................................................................0117 936861
Giora Shatil, Gamesa Wind UK ................................................................................................................................................
Andy Stiles, Aero Engine Controls.................................................................................................................... 0121 6276600
James Trainor, 3T RPD Ltd ............................................................................................................................. 01635 580284
John Yates, University of Manchester .............................................................................................................. 0161 2754331

Sound & Vibration Product Perception Group

Chairman
John Wilkinson, Engineering Consultant ......................................................................................................... 07747 006475
Members
Marco Ajovalasit, Brunel University .................................................................................................................. 01895 267134
Joe Armstrong, Polytec .....................................................................................................................................01582 711670
Alan Bennetts, Bay Systems ............................................................................................................................ 01458 860393
Dave Boast, D B Engineering Solutions .......................................................................................................... 01225 743592
Mark Burnett, MIRA ......................................................................................................................................... 02476 355329
Gary Dunne, Jaguar Land Rover ..................................................................................................................... 02476 206573
Andrew Hillis, University of Bath....................................................................................................................... 01225 384977
David Fish, JoTech .......................................................................................................................................... 01827 830606
Henrietta Howarth, Southampton University ......................................................................................... 023 8059 4963/2277
Peter Jackson, European Acoustical Products ................................................................................................. 01986 897082
Paul Jennings, Warwick University .................................................................................................................. 02476 523646
Richard Johnson, Sound & Vibration Technology ........................................................................................... 01525 408502
Chris Knowles, JCB ......................................................................................................................................... 01889 593900
Andrew McQueen, Siemens PLM Software ..................................................................................................... 02476 408120
Jon Richards, Honda UK ................................................................................................................................. 01793 417238
Ian Strath, Siemens PLM Software ................................................................................................................. 02476 408120
Keith Vickers, Bruel & Kjaer UK ...................................................................................................................... 01223 389800

36
Corporate Members
The following companies are corporate members of the Engineering Integrity Society. We thank them for their continued
support which helps the Society to run its wide-ranging events throughout the year.

AcSoft Ltd M&P International Sensors UK

Bruel and Kjaer Meggitt Servotest
CaTs3 Micro-Epsilon Siemens PLM Software
Data Physics Millbrook Smart Fibres
Datron Technology MIRA Star Hydraulics
Gantner Instruments MOOG Techni Measure
GOM MTS Systems THP Systems
HBM Muller BBM Tiab
HGL Dynamics Nprime TRaC
Instron PDS Projects Ltd Transmission Dynamics
Interface Force Measurements Polytec Variohm
Kemo Rutherford Appleton Lab Yokogawa
Kistler Safe Technology Zwick

New Personal Members

Shaun Macken Hendrickson International
Daniel Nieto Engineering Consultant
Joe Fletcher Ricardo
Martin Cockrill ASDEC
Stephen Mathews QTP Environmental Ltd

MEMBERSHIP

The Engineering Integrity Society is an independent charitable organisation, supported and sponsored by industry.
The Society is committed to promoting events and publications, providing a forum for experienced engineers and new
graduates to discuss current issues and new technologies. We aim for both company and personal development
and to inspire newly qualified engineers to develop their chosen profession.

Events run provide an ideal opportunity for engineers to meet others who operate in similar fields of activity over
coffee and lunch. All of our events enable engineers to establish and renew an excellent ‘contact’ base while
keeping up to date with new technology and developments in their field of interest.

We are involved in a wide range of Industrial sectors including Automotive, Aerospace, Civil, Petrochemical etc and
continue to be interested in new members from all sectors.

Benefits:

• EIS members receive a subscription to ‘Engineering Integrity’, mailed direct to their office or private address.
• Discounts to EIS events.
• Access to Task Groups, to take part, or to receive information and recommendations.

Fees: Personal Membership (UK) £25 a year

Personal Overseas Membership £30 a year
Corporate Membership (1 April - 31 March) £400+VAT a year (pro rata)

Application forms can be downloaded from the membership page at www.e-i-s.org.uk

If your membership has expired or you are unsure if your membership is current, contact: info@e-i-s.org.uk

37
Corporate Member profiles
Bruel & Kjaer UK
Jarman Way
Royston
Herts
SG8 5BQ
Tel: +44 (0)1223 389800
Fax: +44 (0)1223 389919
Email: ukinfo@bksv.com
Website: www.bksv.co.uk
Contact: Heather Wilkins
Brüel & Kjær is a world-leading manufacturer of sound and
vibration solutions for use in a wide range of applications
including: environmental noise measurements, building
acoustics, vibration measurements and quality control, for
use in automotive, aerospace and consumer industries. We
design and manufacturer sound level meters, microphones,
accelerometers, conditioning amplifiers, calibrators, noise
and vibration analysers and software. We run a variety
of training courses, from basic introductions on noise to
specialised training helping customers get the most from
their equipment.
CaTs3
The Priory
Priory Road
Wolston, Warwickshire
CV8 3FX
Tel: +44 (0)2476 546159
Email: anton.raath@cats3.com
Website: www.cats3.com
Contact: Anton Raath
CaTs3 (pronounced “Cats cubed”) is a leading specialist in
design, development and supply of Digital Controllers and
Software for Materials, Components and Structural integrity
testing.
Used in many test laboratories around the world, our
products are applied in simple single axis to high channel
count multi-axis simulation test rigs.
Working in close co-operation with the leading, global
supplier Zwick Roell, we offer the perfect solution to new
systems as well as controller/software modernisations to
give older generation systems a new lease of life.
Despite the wealth of advanced functionality, extreme
simplicity and ease of use are a key to our Control Cube
servo-controller and Cubus software.
38
Data Physics (UK) Ltd
South Road
Hailsham
East Sussex
BN27 3JJ
Tel: +44 (0)1323 846464
Fax: +44 (0)1323 847550
Email: geoffrey.murphy@dataphysics.com
Website: www.dataphysics.com
Contact: Geoff Murphy
Data Physics is a total solution supplier of Dynamic Test
equipment for Noise, Vibration and Structural Dynamics.
With a wide range of Analysers, Vibration Controllers,
Electrodynamic shakers and High Energy Acoustic Noise
Generators, Data Physics has a solution for virtually every
form of dynamic testing requirement.
Datron Technology Limited
5-7 Potters Lane
Kiln Farm
Milton Keynes
MK11 3HE
Tel: +44 (0)1908 261655
Fax: +44 (0)1908 260108
Email: info@datrontechnology.co.uk
Website: www.datrontechnology.co.uk
Contact: John Grist
Datron Technology was formed in 1990 and has been
supplying specialised vehicle test systems and sensors
to all forms of automotive, rail and motorsport engineers.
Our main area of expertise is non-contact sensors, offering
accurate vehicle speed, slip-angle, pitch, roll etc. We also
offer a wide range of sensors, data acquisition systems and
analysis software that covers applications from motorcycles
to F1 or HGV to railways. GPS has become a large part of
vehicular testing and we have products that overcome GPS
limitations with inertial solutions.
Kemo Limited PDS Projects Ltd
Unit 1, Dene Yard Badger House Enterprise Centre
Green Street Oldmixon Crescent
Green Road Weston Super Mare
Dartford BS24 9AY
Kent, DA2 8DH
Tel: +44 (0)1934 444222
Tel: +44 (0)1474 705168 Email: Rachael.rayner@pdprojects.co.uk
Fax: +44 (0)1474 705366 Website: www.pdsprojects.co.uk
Email: technical@kemo.com Contact: Rachael Rayner
Website: www.kemo.com
Contact: Robert Owens PDS Projects is an advanced engineering consultancy and
solution provider to the Aerospace industry.
Kemo manufacture a wide range of signal filters. From single
channel fixed frequency through to multi-channel computer Employing state of the art tools, we work collaboratively with
controlled filter/amplifier systems. For over 40 years we our clients to fulfil their task specifications. Our personable,
have solved small noisy signal problems for a wide range pro-active style of working assures our clients that we
of applications. are available when needed and able to work with them to
the agreed specification – within the allotted timescale.

Services provided include Conceptual and Detailed Design,

Stress Analysis, Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Analysis
and Acoustic Fatigue Analysis.

Meggitt Sensing Systems RAL Space, S.T.F.C. Rutherford Laboratory

The Laurels Harwell
Jays Close Didcot
Viables Industrial Estate Oxford
Basingstoke OX11 0QX
Hants, RG22 4BS
Tel: +44 (0)1235 445040
Tel: +44 7950 444884 Fax: +44 (0)1235 445318
Email: david.copley@meggitt.com Email: giles.case@stfc.ac.uk
Website: www.endevco.com Website: www.stfc.ac.uk/ralspace/Facilities/11324.aspx
Contact: David Copley Contact: Giles Case

Meggitt Sensing Systems, a division of Meggitt PLC, Space Research Facilities offering a full range of
is a leading supplier of high- performance sensing and Environmental test and cleanroom facilities.
monitoring systems for physical parameter measurements
in extreme environments. Thermal Vacuum, Orbital Simulation, Instrument Calibration
combined with a large Cleanroom complex.
Available from the Test & Measurement group are Meggitt’s
Endevco® range of piezoelectric, piezoresistive, Isotron®
and variable capacitance accelerometers, piezoresistive
pressure transducers and electronic signal conditioning
instruments. Products ensure critical accuracy and reliability
within aerospace, automotive, defence, industrial, medical,
power generation, R&D, space and test and measurement
applications.

39
Corporate Member profiles
Safe Technology
Willis House
Peel Street
Sheffield
S10 2PQ
Tel: +44 (0)114 2686444
Fax: +44 (0)114 303 0055
Email: enquiries@safetechnology.com
Website: www.safetechnology.com
Contact: Jessica Dawson
Safe Technology Limited is a technical leader in the design
and development of durability analysis software and
develops fe-safe®. As a private company, we take a long-
term view of software R&D to ensure cutting edge technology
and unsurpassed levels of accuracy. fe-safe® allows fast,
easy and accurate fatigue life predictions for FE models,
includes a full signal processing suite and advanced loading
definition and analysis capabilities. It includes specialist
add-on modules covering TMF, creep fatigue, the analysis
of rotating components, welded joints (Verity®) composite
and Rubber materials. fe-safe® directly interfaces to leading
FEA suites and integrates into design optimisation software
such as ABAQUS, ANSYS Workbench, DS Isight and FE-
Design’s TOSCA.
Techni Measure
Alexandra Buildings
59 Alcester Road
Studley
Warwickshire
B80 7NJ
Tel: +44 (0)1527 854103
Fax: +44 (0)1527 853267
Email: sales@techni-measure.co.uk
Website: www.techni-measure.co.uk
Contact: Ian Ramage
Techni Measure was founded over 40 years ago, and can
supply a wide range of sensors for measuring various
parameters. Strain gauges and bonding accessories are
available, as well as strain gauge based transducers for load,
pressure and displacement. Piezoelectric sensors measure
vibration, dynamic force and dynamic pressure, and we have
various ways of measuring displacement based on resistive,
inductive or capacitive technology. Orientation, inertial, and
various different wireless systems are available, as well as
pressure seals and temperature sensors.
40
Tiab Ltd
Upton Lodge Buildings
Astrop Road, Middleton Cheney
Oxfordshire, OX17 2PJ
Tel: +44 (0)1295 714046, Fax: +44 (0)1295 712334
Email: tiab@tiab.co.uk, Website: www.tiab.co.uk
Contact: Conway Young
Tiab are the only company worldwide to specialise
exclusively in production Digital Controllers for test,
research and automation applications. To be used in any
system, the controllers provide unparalleled flexibility,
modularity and control. They can be used in new
applications or as powerful upgrades to existing systems.
The benefits include: comprehensive range of test
functionality provided as standard; huge range of application
software; bespoke front-ends can be readily designed;
reduced purchase, maintenance and development
costs; plug-&-play connection to PC; high level technical
support and, quite simply, a company that cares.
Recent Applications: vehicle safety, component test, materials
test, vibration, medical, aerospace, rail, R&D laboratories, test
houses, universities, production test, gearbox dynamometers,
wind-tunnels, pharmaceutical and bio-diesel production.
Variohm Eurosensor Ltd
Williams Barns
Tiffied Road
Towcester
Northants
NN12 6HP
Tel: +44 (0)1327 351004
Fax: +44 (0)1327 353564
Email: sales@variohm.com
Website: www.variohm.com
Contact: Pat Goodridge
Variohm Eurosensor is a leading single source supplier of
sensors and associated electronic systems and has provided
this service since 1974. Our aim is to provide an efficient,
cost-effective and totally flexible service to customers,
irrespective of their size, business or geographical location.
Our goal is to ensure the correct sensor(s) are supplied
for our customers application. This can either be from our
extensive range of stock products, inhouse production
facility, or globally sourced from the world’s leading sensor
manufacturers.
 Test & Measurement Solutions
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and Data Acquisition Systems

Vibration Controllers, Dynamic Signal Analysers Miniature and High Speed Data Acquisition Systems, Angular Rate
and Data Acquisition Systems Sensors and Transient Shock Recorders

Acoustic Sound Cameras, BSR Scanner and Wind Turbine CMS Squeak & Rattle and Haptique Test Solutions

Shock, Drop and Bump Testers,

Head Expanders, Slip Tables, Fixtures and Engineering Solutions Photovoltaic Test Solutions

K E Y M A R K E T S : S E R V I C E S : THP office:
Devonshire Business Centre
E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C A L S U P P O R T Works Road
A E R O S PA C E C O N S U LTA N C Y S E R V I C E S Letchworth Garden City
Hertfordshire
A U T O M O T I V E T R A I N I N G SG6 1GJ, UK
T E S T L A B S C A L I B R AT I O N Telephone:
G R O U N D T R A N S P O R TAT I O N R E PA I R S & M A I N T E N A N C E +44 (0) 1462 481859
D E F E N S E WA R R A N T Y Email:
sales@thp-systems.com

w w w.thp -systems.com
 Product Integrity Testing: An Integral Part of the
Development Process
20 May 2015, Tata Steel, Rotherham
This one day event will be held at Tata Steel’s Swinden
Laboratory in Rotherham. The presentations will address
issues relating to establishing repeatable material
characteristics, controlling and integrating them into
the predictive and manufacturing of steel products.

For more information visit our website. To book

your place please contact the Secretariat at
info@e-i-s.org.uk or call 01572 811315.

5 March 2015 | 6pm | International Manufacturing Centre,

University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
LECTURE - FREE TO ATTEND

The IET Viscount Nuffield/Mensforth

Lecture 2015
CREATING A STEP CHANGE IN AIRCRAFT WING TECHNOLOGY
Bombardier’s new CSeries™ aircraft is a competitive
medium range, narrow-body passenger jet airliners,
with significant innovative UK content.
The advanced composite carbon fibre wings are
produced using unique manufacturing process
Gavin Campbell CEng
developed by Bombardier’s Belfast engineers. BSc(Hons) FIMechE FIAE
It represents a step change in aircraft wing
design and manufacturing, and ties in with Winner of the 2014
the UK Aerospace Industrial Strategy. Sir Eric Mensforth
International
Join us in Coventry this March to hear Gavin’s Manufacturing
discussion on innovative wing technology. Gold Medal

www.theiet.org/nuffield
Supported by Media partners

#IETnuffield
The Institution of Engineering and Technology is registered as a Charity ™
“Trademark of Bombardier Inc”
in England and Wales (No. 211014) and Scotland (No. SCO38698).

IET_2564_HALF_PAGE_VISCOUNT_NUFFIELD_LECTURE_v2_(EIS).indd 1 23/01/2015 16:33

 Measurement Sensors
Visit Micro-Epsilon at the EIS Instrumentation, Analysis & Testing Exhibition, where you will find a solution to almost
any measurement task; whether it’s distance, position, thickness, vibration, gap, profile, temperature or colour, our
sensors can solve your application.

 2D/3D Laser profile sensors

 Thermal imaging cameras

 Optical micrometers

 Turbospeed sensors

 Capacitive sensors

 Laser triangulation sensors

See interactive product demonstrations and speak to our measurement experts for advice on how Micro-Epsilon’s
products can solve your measurement tasks.

+44 (0) 151 355 6070 | www.micro-epsilon.co.uk | info@micro-epsilon.co.uk

BEYOND HIGH POWER TESTING

R&D, type testing and maintenance of electromechanical devices
DL850 ScopeCorder
or
Monitor electro-mechanical behavior Request f n
atio
by combining electrical signals,
demonstr
temperature, vibrations and CAN or
LIN bus data.
today

WT1800 Power Analyser

Analyse the electromechanical efficiency of the
inverters and motors under test at the highest accuracy
and stability.

YOKOGAWA MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGIES LTD
Tel: + 44 1928 597200
tmi@nl.yokogawa.com
www.tmi.yokogawa.com

Engineering Integrity_UK_July_blue.indd 1 25-07-13 09:35

 HBM data acquisition systems
Precise, reliable and meeting your requirements.
Every application has its own challenges for the test and measurement
equipment used. HBM Test and Measurement provides you with the right
data acquisition systems that meet your requirements.

■ Test bench measurements

■ Structural tests, stress analysis and laboratory measurements
■ Mobile measurement technology
■ High-speed measurement
■ Calibration and high-precision measurement

Benefit from unique accuracy and reliability made by HBM.

We also offer a wide range of data acquisition and analysis software. HBM
data acquisition systems can also be easily integrated into third-party
software or customized applications.

tation,
In s t rumen r-
BM at
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V isit H g e x hibitio h –
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Analys t r ac k o
8 & 49
R a c e
s tone 4
stands

HBM United Kingdom Ltd ■ Tel. 0208 515 6000 ■ info@uk.hbm.com ■ www.hbm.com

PE 125 x180 Jan 2015:Layout 1 28/1/15 15:27 Page 1

The Advanced Engineering UK 2015 group of events

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
___
5 BA_D_G_E_!_
E V E N T S
_O_N_E___
Join us where the UK advanced
engineering sectors come together
4th - 5th November, NEC Birmingham UK
Once again, the Advanced Engineering UK group of events brings together OEMs, primes
and all supply chain tiers, to meet and do business across some of the UK's highest-growth
advanced engineering sectors. Whether attending as an exhibitor or a visitor, each of the 5
co locating advanced engineering shows provides you with a business forum and supply
chain showcase within its own sector, and those of its co-locating sister events.

Automotive – Aerospace – Composites – Motorsport – Marine –

Consumer – Energy – Electronics and more . . .

www.advancedengineeringuk.com EXHIBIT SPACE FILLING FAST - CALL +44 (0)20 8783 3573 TO BOOK

Media and industry Partners include

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Modular Data Acquisition Systems

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USB Data Acquisition Systems

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High Speed Counters & Digital I/O
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email. sales@dewesoft.uk
www.dewesoft.com
 www.mpihome.com

Your Partner for all Noise

and Vibration Testing

Innovative technical solutions for the test community.

m+p international supplies advanced software supporting high-
performance instrumentation (incl. National Instruments and VTI
VXI) for both shaker testing and noise & vibration measurement
and analysis. Our products combine convenience, flexibility
Dynamic testing
and test safety with training, consultancy and support to solutions for 4 to
ensure successful outcomes for all your applications. 512 channels

 Measurement and Signal Analysis

 Structural Testing
 Modal Analysis
 Acoustics including Sound Quality
 Rotational Dynamics
 Pass-by Noise Testing
 Vibration Control for Shaker Testing
 Shock Testing
 Multi-Shaker Testing
 High-Frequency Vibration Testing
 Road Load Simulation
 Standalone Data Acquisition
Photo courtesy of Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG, Germany

United Kingdom
m+p international (UK) Ltd
Phone: (+44) (0)1420 521222
sales.uk@mpihome.com