Ast  bh

𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑃𝑢 × 𝑒𝑦 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑃𝑢 × 𝑒𝑥
Pn yo
ℎ − 2𝑑 Kn  (use graph)
𝛾= f c' Ag
ℎ
Po Pn xo
Kn  (use graph) Kn  (use graph)
f c' Ag f c' Ag

Pn ex
1

1

1

1 Rn  (use graph A-6)
Pn Pn xo Pn yo Po f c' Ag h

M n yo  Rn f c' Ag h M u y  Pu ex

Pn e y
Mu y Rn  (use graph A-6)
Mn y  f c' Ag h


M n xo  Rn f c' Ag h M u x  Pu e y
 
Mux  Mnx  1  Mn y  2
Mnx        1
  M n xo   M n yo 
1   2    1.15 to 1.55 emin  0.1h : e  u
M
Pu

 
Pu  0.80 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast for Tied column  
Pu  0.85 0.85 f c' Ag  Ast   f y Ast for Spiral
column

qe  qb  Surcharge load 𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 𝑞𝑎 + 1.2 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑡. 𝑜𝑓

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 × (1.2𝐷. 𝐿 + 1.6𝐿. 𝐿)
My Mx
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ex  : ey 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = pu pu
𝑞𝑒
 4 
p Vc    2   f c' bo d :  c  Long side of
qu  u   c 
A
column/short side of column
  d  Vc   4 f c' bo d
Vc    s  2  f c' bo d
 bo 

Vc  Vu Vc   2 f c' bwd (one way shear)

Mu As f y
As  a
f y J d  0.85 f c'b

Ab  0.02 f y 
spacing  s  width ldc   d
As  '  b
fc 


ldc  0.0003 f y d b ldc (min)  12"

Retaining Wall
S 1  sin 
h'  k ah 
w 1  sin 

Pa 
1
k ah wh(h  2h ' ) h 2  3hh'
y
2 3(h  2h' )

M o  Pa  y M r  wx

a
M r  Mo 1
a  W footing
W 3

1
Pp= kphwh2
2

1  sin  (4l  6a) Rv (6𝑎−2𝑙)𝑅𝑣

k ph  q1  ; q2 =
1  sin  l 2 𝑙2
For Resultant in middle third

2𝑅𝑣 2𝑅𝑣
q1 = ; q2 = 0 for resultant at edge of middle q1 = for resultant outside middle third
𝑙 3𝑎
third
Class A splice = 1.0 ld Tension Bars
Class B splice = 1.3 ld  f y 
l d   d    for No. 7 and larger bars
,  b
 20 f c 
 f y 
l d   d    for No. 6 and smaller bars
,  b
 25 f c 
Hooked tension bars
 0.02 f y   0.0018  60000
l dh  d  min 
 f ,  b fy
 c 

Mu 1  2  m  R 
R   1 1
 bd 2 m  fy 


f c' u 3 f c' 200

 max  0.85 1  min  
f y  u  0.004 fy fy
f  4000
'

1  0.85  0.05 c and 0.65  1  0.85

1000

Steel
M u  10 6
5WL L4
Z xreq   mid span  M c  0.1(M a  M b 
b  f y 384 EI

 max  l M B  M B factored 
WL
360
W factored

12.5  M max bf E
Cb    p  0.38
2.5M max  3M A  4M B  3M C 2t f fy

h E M P  C b  1
  p  3.76 Lm  L p     Lr if not than
tw fy B f  Cb 

C b  1. 0 : Lb  Lm Cb  1.0 : Lm  Lb  Lr
zx f y 
M n  Cb M p  B f ( Lb  L p )  M p 
Mn 
10 6
 h E Vu  vVn  v 0.6 f y AwCv
 2.24
tw fy

 I  for column For W360

GTop  L
 L  for Beam 
2
I  d 
mx  10  14   0.7  k1 x  Lx
 1000 

K 2 x  lx
Peq  Pu  M u x(mx )
K l 
u uy eq 
rx ry

K yl y K1 xlx
R R
ry rx

K 2 xlx
R
rx Rmax  200

Ag  2 EI
Pc  c Pu  c f cr : Pc  Peq Pe1 x 
1000 ( K1l x ) 2

 2 EI Cmx  0.6  0.4

M1
Pe2 x 
( K 2l x ) 2 M2

Cmx
B1 x  Non sway
Pu C mx
1 B1 x  sway
Pe1 x Pstory
1
Pestory

Pstory  V A  VD Pestory  2  Pe2 x

M rx  B1 x  M ntx  B2 x  M ltx Pr  Pnt  B2 xP 

L p  Lb  Lr M b  M LX  b M p  b B f ( Lb  L p )
 Pr Pr
When 2 When 2
Pc Pc
Pr M x
 r 1 Pr 8  M r x M r y 
Then Then     1
2 Pc M c x Pc 9  M c x M c y 

A2  2A1 1 Pu
1. A1  
A2 0.6  0.85  f c
'

A1

Pu 3. Amin  (d  18)(b f  18)

2. A1 
0.65  1.7 f c'

1 B  0.80b f
Cantilever Length n '  db f n
4 2
N  0.95d
m Thickness  t p  l
2 Pu
2 0.9  f y  B  N

Minimum Temp & Shrinkage Reinforcement for Environmental Structures

Length between Minimum Shrinkage and Temperature

movement Joints, feet Reinforcement Ratio
Grade 40 Grade60
<20 0.003 0.003
20 t0 30 0.004 0.003
30 t0 40 0.005 0.004
>40 0.006 0.005

Coefficients for Triangular load, Top edge Free and bottom edge fixed, Circular
Tank Wall, x = h2/Dt
 Nature of Coefficient
Horizontal Hoop tension
Coefficient (Ct) at top 0.3h
Horizontal Hoop tension
Coefficient (Ct) within 0.3h to 0.7h
Horizontal Hoop tension
Coefficient (Ct) at bottom 0.3h
Bottom shear coefficient (Cs)
Bending moment Coefficient (Cm)
at top 0.3h
Bending moment Coefficient (Cm)
within 0.3h to 0.7h
Bending moment Coefficient (Cm)
at bottom 0.3h
For Forces and B.M.
Value
0.17 + 0.12 x – 0.016 x2 for x ≤ 4
0.365 – 0.0035 x for x > 4
0.133 + 0.09 x – 0.0034 x2
0.02 + 0.09 x – 0.003 x2
0.32 - 0.019 x + 0.057/ x for x ≤ 8
0.094 - 0.0007 x + 0.73/ x for x > 8
0.0002 for x > 8
- 0.0034 + 0.018 x – 0.007 x2 for x ≤ 1.6
0.0025 - 0.00045 x + 0.01/ x Otherwise
- 0.08 + 0.15 x – 0.058 x2 for x ≤ 1.6
0.0035 - 0.0002 x + 0.019/ x for x > 1.6
- 0.028 + 0.0014 x - 0.04/ x

1) T = Ct γ h R
2) Tumax = S x 1.7 x T
3) C = S x 1.7 x Ct x Kah γ h R
4) Mu = S x 1.7 x Cm γ h3 – water
5) Mu = S x 1.7 x Cm Kah γ h3 – Soil
6) Shear = S x 1.7 x Cs γ h2