of the Wampanoag’s War The War for the New England Colonies Relations between the colonists & the American Indians
• American Indians and the English colonists
always had a rocky relationship
• The Wampanoags had helped the colonists
establish Plymouth. The two groups had worked together, in harmony.
• But, times were changing...
King Philip • The Wampanoag’s chose a leader to represent them, as the English began to arrive in larger numbers. • This Native American took the English name, Philip, and was known as King Philip.
• Philip represented the
Wampanoags, lead his people, and served as their representative. • In 1622, Philip’s brother was killed, and Philip believes the English were to blame. His trust in the English colonists begins to wane. Justice • Later in 1622, the English put two Wampanoags to death after finding them guilty of murder.
• King Philip, already distrustful of the
English, does not believe these men were guilty and openly expresses his opinion to the Wampanoags.
• A group of Wampanoags retaliate and kill
9 English settlers
• King Philip decides to take his tribe to
war, against the English. King Philip’s War • King Philip & the Wampanoags declare war against the English and their settlers.
• Remember, the Wampanoags are NOT the only native
tribe in the New England area. Other tribes include Nipmucks, Narragansetts, Mohegans.
• These tribes had to decide who to side with: English
settlers or King Philip & the Wampanoags. The Great Swamp Fight • The English knew the Narragansetts hadn’t chosen a side. The Narragansetts were a powerful and large group.
• To stop the Narragansetts from siding with King Philip,
the English attacked the Narragansetts, leaving many hundreds of the native tribe dead.
• The Great Swamp Fight was a terrible blow to the
Narragansetts. Yet, this did not stop the Narrangansetts from raiding English settlements
• As the winter of 1676 set in, the English were concerned
they were doomed. The Great Swamp Fight The Mighty Mohawks • While the English settlers were concerned, they did not know that Philip’s luck was changing too. • Since the Narrangansett tribe’s power was diminished, Philip needed to find support from another fierce, native tribe: the Mohawks. • Philip went to see the Mohawks, feeling hopeful to receive their support. Instead, the Mohawks attacked Philip and his tribe. • This left Philip’s forces harmed. They went back to New England without the power they gained before the winter. The English Are Losing? • The English did not know about the Mohawk attack. In fact, they still believed they were losing the war against Philip.
• They needed a strategy!
• English settlers knew of a group of Christian Indians who may be friendly and helpful.
• The English find results! These
Christian Indians side with the settlers, and the English were winning the war. War Ends • In the summer of 1676 solidified Philip’s defeat. • Philip comes face-to-face with one of the Christian Indians. Philip is shot and killed.
• While the English won, their losses were high.
• They lost 1,000 (of 52,000) colonists, 3,000 (of 20,000) American Indians.
• New England was in ruins.
Power Shift • American Indians were largely gone from the region, few tribes left.
• English settlers would recover and their settlements would
again grow & prosper.
• The Native Americans no longer held power in the New
England colonies.
• The English settlers were able to claim the colonies as