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Stimulus Control
u When a given response occurs reliably after the
presentation of a specific stimulus and not in its
absence, we say that antecedent event or
stimulus has “_____________” over that response.
We call that stimulus a “_________________” ( “Ess
Dee” SD, or S+ ) for that response.
u A stimulus in the presence of which a given
response _______ occurs is also a
__________________ annotated as “S delta” ( S▼).
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Generalization:
Several meanings
u Primarily “_______________________” which is
responding to stimuli __________ to a given
stimulus that has been brought under
stimulus control for that responding through
differential reinforcement.
u (E.G., conditioned to respond to a 1000CPS
tone, responding will also occur to 900cps or
even 600cps )
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Variations on Matching
u In the simple identity matching procedure the sample
stimulus remains present when the comparisons are
added. If it is removed when the comparisons are
added that procedure is called “____________________
_____________________” and can use delays of 0 sec to
whatever. The longer the delay the harder the task.
Similarly these procedures in order to be effective should
provide immediate SR+ for correct responding. I most
educational applications this is not trues as SR+ is
delayed
Variations on Matching
u __________________: The opposite of identity matching but still a conditional discrimination
u A sample stimulus is presented and attended to, then comparison stimuli are presented
all of which except one are identical to the sample. SR+ is delivered for choosing the
“odd” stimulus.
u ________________________________________:
u The “correct” comparison stimulus is not completely physically identical to the sample
u _________________________________________:
u The basis for one of the comparison stimuli to be the “correct one” and receive Sr+ is based on
some relation or function or stimulus class rule and not physical similarity
u E.G., Given “brush” as sample choose “comb” not ‘Car” or “hammer”
u NOTE: All matching that is “cross sensory modalities” is “arbitrary” or symbolic”
u E.g., choosing visual stimuli given an auditory (spoken) comand
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Equivalence Classes
u Sidman(1971) the first report of equivalence. Later this was made
popular in 1982 (Sidman & Tailby, 1982)
u TheConcepts ( the way the phenomena are described) are
from logic and mathematics and are 1. ___________, 2
_______________, and 3 _________________.
u ___________
is identity ; A=B therefore ________ is reflexivity ; A=B
and B=C Therefore __________________ is Transitivity)
“Equivalence” is defined by ______________________
u “bidrectionality”
is another term for reflexivity and primarily
demonstrated by human populations!
u Transitivity
with “derived reflexivity” is prmarily seen in language
able organisms
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Recombination of Stimulus-Response
Components
u The“theme” here is how many response possibilities can come for
training only a few
u Spradlin
describes research on ________________ in which stimulus-
response combinations are taught and combinations of then
appear.
u E.G.
“drop” Ball and “push” Glass teaching results in Dropping
glasses and pushing Balls.
u This
is a relatively new area that has been strongly prompted by
equivalence and Relation Frame Theory developments
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