Organ System

Human is one of organism that composed the organ system. An organ system is a group of
anatomical structures that work together to perform a specific function or task. Each organ
system has the own function. There are many different organ systems in the organism’s body.
This system are integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system, nervous system,
circulatory system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, endocrine system, excretory system,
reproductive system and digestive system. Organ systems produce many specific works to
launched system in the body. Although each organ has different function but it is relationship
with other to ensure that human can do daily life activities. Without the presence of the
relationship between these organs of course the human being cannot survive. So, interaction or
relationship between each other is very important for organisms to live more better.

The integumentary and nervous systems

The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body
from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside. The
integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a variety of
additional functions; it may serve to waterproof, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes,
and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain,
sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most land vertebrates with significant exposure to
sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis. Nervous system,
organized group of cells specialized for the conduction of electrochemical stimuli from sensory
receptors through a network to the site at which a response occurs. All living organisms are
able to detect changes within themselves and in their environments. Changes in the
external environment include those of light, temperature, sound, motion, and odour, while
changes in the internal environment include those in the position of the head and limbs as well
as in the internal organs. Once detected, these internal and external changes must be analysed
and acted upon in order to survive.
The organ includes these systems:

The skin is the largest organ of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of
total body weight and covers 1.5-2m2 of surface area. The human skin (integument) is
composed of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and dermis. (The hypodermis or
subcutaneous layer is not part of the skin. The epidermis is the outermost layer, providing the
initial barrier to the external environment. Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the
papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair
roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue.[2] The deepest layer, the hypodermis, is
primarily made up of adipose tissue. Substantial collagen bundles anchor the dermis to the
hypodermis in a way that permits most areas of the skin to move freely over the deeper tissue
layers.

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how its together:

the integumentary and nervous system work together because the whole human body has
nerves throughout it, therefore they are nerves in skin. The skin is main organ of the
integumentary system. The neurons and nerves in the skin tell the brain what are you feeling,
so if your hand fells something really hot that could possibly burn you, your nerves send that
messages to your brain and your brain tell you that you should properly move your hand away.
Cell in the integumentary system make up the skin and protect the nerves and many other things
from harm. This is how they work together. The nerves had protected then skin by the sensing
danger and or harms, so the skin won’t be damage. The skin had the nervous being the
substances to cover the fragile, innards and containing the nerves in it. If your hand was always
hurting because you were always burning it, because your nerves system was not function
properly than that will not maintaining homeostasis.
Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular System
The human respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body for cellular
metabolism and for removing carbon dioxide. The respiratory system includes the organs
responsible for breathing the nose, trachea, throat and lungs. The structures of the respiratory
system interact with structures of the skeletal to help we smell, speak and move oxygen into
our bloodstream and waste out of it.

At first, the skeletal system seems to have little to do with the respiratory system. In fact, the
two systems are connected and work together to keep everything working the way it should.

Air is first entering the body for respiration through the nose or the mouth. When air enters
through the nose, hairs that line the inside of the nose, called cilia, work with the mucus lining
to trap particulates and other foreign bodies and prevent them from entering the lungs. They
also help to warm and moisten the air, because cold, dry air irritates the lungs.

As the air travels up the nasal passageway and toward the nasopharynx. It is swirled around by
three sets of paired bones. These bones are collectively called the nasal conchae. They form
shapes like shells, which helps to warm the air even more before it reaches the throat and
continues to the lungs. The centre of many human bones consists of bone marrow. Most bone
marrow is red or yellow. Red marrow is responsible for the creation of both red and white
blood cells and platelets, which are the major components in blood. Red blood cells are tiny,
flat discs that contain haemoglobin, a molecule that can carry oxygen. As part of the circulatory
system, red blood cells travel to capillaries in the lungs where they pick up oxygen that the
lungs inhaled and then bring the oxygen to all parts of the body via the blood vessels. The
body’s cells use oxygen for metabolism, and this process creates the waste product carbon
dioxide. When the red blood cells deposit the oxygen at its destination, they pick up carbon
dioxide and bring it back to the lungs, where it is exhaled. With the help of the lymphatic and
circulatory systems, the skeletal system works with the respiratory system by creating red blood
cells in the bones that aid in respiration facilitated by the lungs. The thoracic cage or it also
called rib cage is fundamental to the healthy functioning of the respiratory system. It consists
of the 12 pairs of ribs, the 12 thoracic vertebrae in the spine and the sternum, which is often
called the breastbone. With exceptions, ribs are connected in the front to the vertical sternum
and in the back to the spinal vertebrae. When the body inhales, the ribs move upward and
outward, expanding the space within them where the lungs are, which allows the lungs to
expand with air. Muscles attached to the sternum and thoracic cage aid in respiration. In
particular, the intercostal muscles, which are attached to the ribs, help with thoracic stability
during respiration. The most important muscle for respiration is the diaphragm, which is
attached to the thoracic cage in several locations and which lowers to allow the ribs to expand
and air to enter the lungs before returning to its original position upon exhale. The
cardiovascular system is part of the larger circulatory system, which circulates fluids
throughout the body. The circulatory system includes both the cardiovascular system and the
lymphatic system.

The cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, and the lymphatic system moves
lymph, which is a clear fluid that’s similar to the plasma in blood. Blood contains nutrients
from the foods you eat and oxygen from the air you breathe. It also contains hormones and
cells that fight infection. The blood also transports waste products to various places that then
promptly remove the waste from the body

The organs in these systems

The parts of the cardiovascular system include the heart, which is the organ that pumps the
blood, and a network of blood vessels. Arteries: The blood vessels that take blood away from
the heart. Veins: Blood vessels that return blood to the heart. Capillaries: Very small vessels
that lie between the arteries and veins the portal vein and its tributaries carry blood from parts
of the digestive system to the liver before reaching the heart. The heart is a muscular pump
with four chambers inside: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. Those four
chambers allow the heart to pump blood through the following two circulatory pathways
Systemic circulation Takes oxygen-rich blood to the tissues and organs of the body Pulmonary
circulation Takes oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood back to the heart
again Here’s the pathway taken by the blood while it’s in systemic circulation, delivering
oxygen-rich blood throughout the body:
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How they work together

The human skeletal system includes bones, joints and cartilage associated with the skeleton.
The skeletal system has a number of functions. It provides support and structure for the body
and attachment points for muscles, ligaments and other connective tissue. It also protects
organs; the skull protects the brain, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, and the spinal vertebrae
protect the spinal cord. he skeletal system is responsible for supporting the body and helping it
to move, as well as providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments and protection for
certain organs such as the brain. The human respiratory system includes the organs that are
used for breathing, such as the nose, throat and lungs. The two systems are intricately connected
and work together to keep everything functioning properly in the body. Did you know that
you're able to produce sounds because of the air you breathe? It's true! In the laryngeal
skeleton (a structure comprised of cartilage in the throat area) are the true vocal folds, or vocal
cords, which allow you to speak. When air passes over the folds, they vibrate, and it is these
vibrations that others hear as sound.

Finally i know that all organs produces the function to forming more complex system organ.
they work together to functioning all body activities