CONTROL SYSTEMS

UNITWISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

UNIT 1
PART A
1. What is time response?
2. What do you mean by the order of a system?
3. What do you mean by PID controller?
4. Define steady state error.
5. Sketch the response of critically damped second order system for unit step input.
6. Draw the block diagram of PD controller feedback system.
7. What are standard test signals utilized for time domain studies?
8. Mention the classification of control system on the basis of damping.
9. What are the advantages of PD controller?
10. Mention the expression for total time response C(t).
11. Sketch the response of a second order under damped system.
12. What is damping ratio?
13. A second order system has a damping ratio of 0.6 and natural frequency of oscillation is
10 rad/sec. determine the damped frequency of oscillation.
14. How does a PI controller impact on the systems performance?
15. List the advantages of static error coefficient.
16. Distinguish between type and order of a system
17. Give two relations between generalized and static error constants.
18. What do you mean by static error constants?
19. Define impulse response.
20. How the system is classified depending on the value of damping?

PART B
1. The open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feedback is 𝐺(𝑆) =
10
. Evaluate the static error constants and steady state error of the system when
𝑆(0.1𝑆+1)
𝑎2
subjects to an input given by the polynomial 𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑎0 + a1t + 2 t2.
2. Derive and sketch the response of under damped second order system whose transfer
𝐶(𝑠) 2
𝜔𝑛
function = 2 2 for unit step input.
𝑅(𝑆) 𝑆 +2𝜍𝜔𝑛 𝑆+𝜔𝑛
3. Define error coefficients and explain the following in detail.
i) Generalized error series
ii) Steady state error.
10(𝑠+2)
4. For a unity feedback system, the open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑠) = s2 (s+1) . Find
a. The position velocity and acceleration error constant
3 2 1
b. Steady state error when the input R(S) where R(s) = 𝑠 − 𝑠2 + 3𝑆3
5. The open loop transfer function for a type 2 unity feedback system is given by
10(1+𝑠)
𝐺(𝑠) = s2 (6+5s).Find the steady state error to an input r(t)=1+2t+5t2
 6. Explain briefly the action of the following controller
a. Proportional
b. Proportional + Integral
c. Proportional + Integral + Derivative
7. What are time domain specifications? Explain and derive the parameters of time
domain specifications.
8. For unity feedback system having open loop transfer function
𝐾(𝑆+2)
𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆2 (𝑆+7𝑆+12). Determine
i) Type of system
ii) Error constants Kp, Kv and Ka
iii) Steady state error for parabolic input.
9. What do you mean by controller? What are the different types of controllers
employed in control system? Explain in detail.
10. A positional control system with velocity feedback (0.1S+1) whose open loop
100
transfer function is 𝐺(𝑠) = 𝑆(𝑆+2). Obtain the response of the system for unit step
input.
11. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback systems is given by 𝐺(𝑆) =
108
𝑆 2 (𝑆+4)(𝑆 2 +3𝑆+12) . Find the static error coefficient and steady state error of the system

when input is given by r(t)=2+5t+2t2.

𝐾
12. A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+2𝑆).Design
suitable lag compensator so that phase margin is 400 and the steady state error for
ramp input is less than or equal to 0.2.

UNIT 2
PART A
1. Define resonant peak (Mr).
1
2. Sketch the shape of polar plot for the open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆)𝐻(𝑆) = S(1+Ts)
3. What are the advantages of polar plot?
4. Define Bandwidth (ɷb) as frequency domain specifications.
5. What is Nichol’s chart?
6. How closed loop frequency response is determined from open loop frequency using M
and N circles?
7. Compare time and frequency responses.
1
8. Draw the polar plot for 𝐺(𝑆) = (1+𝑆𝑇)
9. What are M and N circles?
10. What do you mean by phase margin and gain margin?
11. State the merits of Nichol’s chart.
12. Define natural frequency.
13. Define Rise time.
14. Write the expression for resonant peak and resonant frequency.
15. Define corner frequency.
16. What are the advantages of Bode plot?
17. Define settling time.
18. Mention the limitations of frequency response analysis.
19. What is bode plot?
1
20. Sketch the polar plot for 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆2 (1+𝑆𝑡 )(1+𝑆𝑡 )(1+𝑆𝑡 )
1 2 3
21. The damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillation of a second order system is 0.5
and 8 rad /sec respectively. Calculate the resonant peak and resonant frequency.
22. Define peak overshoot and delay time
23. Draw polar plot of G(s)=1/1+st.

PART B
5(1+2𝑆)
24. Draw the Bode plot for the function. 𝐺(𝑠) = (1+4S)(1+0.25S)

25. Write short notes on the following.

a) Polar plot b) Nichol’s chart.
K𝑠2
26. A unity feedback control system as 𝐺(𝑠) = (1+0.2s)+(1+0.02s). Draw the bode plot. Find
‘K’ when gain cross over frequency is 5 rad/sec.
27. Sketch the polar plot for a unity feedback system having an open loop transfer
K
function. 𝐺(𝑠) = s(1+0.2s)(1+0.05s) and also determine the value of K so that
i) The gain margin is 18db
ii) Phase margin is 600.
5(1+2𝑠)
28. Sketch the Bode plot for 𝐺(𝑠) = (1+4s)(1+0.25s)
29. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by 𝐺(𝑠) =
1
. Sketch the polar plot and determine gain margin and phase margin.
S2 (1+S)(1+2S)
30. Explain the following with suitable diagram with respect to Bode plot.
i) Phase margin
ii) Gain margin
iii) Phase cross over frequency (ɷpc)
iv) Gain cross over frequency (ɷgc).
31. How do type and order of a system determine the shape of the polar plot and explain the
procedures to draw a polar plot for the system in detail.
32. Explain and evaluate the following i) M and N circles. ii) Nichols chart.
𝐾
33. An unity feedback system having an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+0.5𝑆)(1+4𝑆)
outline the polar plot and determine the value of ‘K’. so that
i) Gain margin is 20db
ii) Phase margin is 300
34. Explain and evaluate the following i) M and N circles. ii) Nichols chart.
𝐾
35. An unity feedback system having an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+0.5𝑆)(1+4𝑆)
outline the polar plot and determine the value of ‘K’. so that
iii) Gain margin is 20db
 iv) Phase margin is 300
36. A unity feedback system having an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) =
𝐾
.outline the polar plot and determine the value of ‘K’. so that
𝑆(1+0.5𝑆)(1+4𝑆)
v) Gain margin is 20db (ii)Phase margin is 300
10
37. Sketch the bode plot for 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+0.4𝑆)(1+0.1𝑆) and obtain the gain and phase cross over
frequencies.
38. Sketch the bode plot for the following transfer function and determine phase and gain
20
cross over frequencies. 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆((1+3𝑆)(1+4𝑆).
39. Consider a unity feedback system having an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) =
𝐾(1+10𝑆)
2 (𝑆+1)(1+2𝑆)
. Sketch the Nichols plot and determine the value K so that (i) Gain Margin
𝑆
10db (ii) Phase Margin 10ᵒ.

UNIT 3
PART B
1. State Routh Hurwitz criterion.
2. What is centroid? How it is calculated?
3. Mention the advantages of root locus method?
4. What do you mean by root locus techniques?
5. What is necessary and sufficient condition for stability?
6. Define characteristic equation. What is the relation between stability and coefficient of
characteristic polynomial?
7. State Routh’s criterion for stability.
8. Mention the different natures of Impulse response based on the location of roots of
characteristics equation on ‘S’ plane.
9. Classify the system based on stability.
10. For the system represented by the following characteristic equation, check whether the
necessary condition for stability is satisfied or not?
i) S4+3S3+4S2+5S+10=0
ii) S5+4S4-5S3-4S2+ 2S+1=0
11. Define asymptote. How will you find the angle of asymptotes?
12. What are breakaway and break in point? How to determine them?
13. What is meant by critically/ marginally stable system?
14. Using Routh criterion, examine the stability of the system represented by the characteristic
equation s4+8s3+18s2+16s+5=0.
15. Illustrate any two limitations of Routh-stability criterion.
16. What is angle criterion and how it is calculated?
17. State Nyquist stability criterion.
18. On which theorem the Nyquist stability criterion is based on?
19. What are breakaway and break in point?
20. What do you mean by ‘S’ Plane?
21. Define Nyquist stability criterion.
22. How will you find root locus on real axis?
23. Differentiate between absolute stable and relatively stable.
24. What is principal of argument?
PART B
1. a. Interpret Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose characteristic
equation is S5+S4+2S3+2S2+3S+5=0. Comment of the Root locus of a feedback system.
c. Summarize the rules used for construction of the Root locus of a feedback system.
2. Determine the Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over frequency gain margin and
1
phase margin of a system with open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+2𝑆)(1+𝑆)
3. Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose characteristic the
equation is S6+2s5+8s4+12s3+20s2+16s+16=0. Also determine the number of roots lying
on right half of s plane, left half of s plane and imaginary axis.
K
4. Sketch root locus for the system whose open loop transfer function is (𝑠) = s(s+4)(s+2) .
Find the value of K so that the damping ratio of the closed loop system is 0.5.
5. a. Determine the range of values of ‘K’ for which the unity feedback system, whose
𝐾
𝐺(𝑠) = 𝑠(s2 +s+1)(s+4) is stable and determine the frequency of sustained oscillations.

(b) .Describe about Nyquist contour and its various segments.

𝐾
6. Sketch the root locus for 𝐺 (𝑆) = 𝑆(𝑆2 +4𝑆+13) .
7. Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion determine the stability of a system representing the
characteristic equation S6+2S5+8S4+12S3+20S2+16s+16=0 and comment on location of
the roots of the characteristics equation.
8. Sketch the root locus for the unity feedback system whose open loop transfer function
𝐾(𝑆+1.5)
is 𝐺(𝑆)𝐻(𝑆) = 𝑆(𝑆+1)(𝑆+5).
9. a. The characteristic equation of a given system is s3+(k+4)s2+6s+12=0, with the help of
Routh stability criterion determine the values of ‘K’ for which the system would be
stable.
 b. Explain the procedure for Nyquist stability Criterion
10. Sketch the root locus for the unity feedback system whose open loop transfer function
𝐾
𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(𝑆2 +6𝑆+10)
11. Enumerate and explain the mathematical preliminaries for Nyquist stability criterion
12. Sketch the root locus for the unity feedback system whose open loop transfer
𝐾
function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(𝑆2 +6𝑆+10).
13. The characteristics polynomial of a system is s7+9s6+24s5+24s4+24s3+24s2+23s+15=0.
Determine the location of roots on s plane and hence the stability of the system.

UNIT 4
PART A
1. What is lag compensator?
2. Write the transfer function of lead compensator and draw its pole – zero plot.
3. Compare series compensator and feedback compensator.
4. When maximum phase lead occurs in lead compensator? Give the expression for maximum
lead angle and the corresponding frequency.
5. What do you understand by Lag-lead network?
6. What is the relation between ϕm and β in Lag compensator?
7. What is lag-lead compensator?
8. What are the characteristics of lead compensation?
9. What does compensator mean? What are the different types of compensator?
10. What are the advantages of Lag compensator?
11. Draw the bode plot of lag-lead compensator.
12. Write the transfer function of lead compensator and draw its Pole-zero plot?
13. On which theorem the Nyquist stability criterion is based on?
14. Draw the Bode plot of lead compensators?
15. Draw the block diagram of a system with lead compensator.
16. Illustrate the need for compensation.
17. When lead and Lag-lead compensation is employed?
18. Draw the bode plot of Lag-Lead compensator
19. Why compensation is necessary in feedback control system?
20. When maximum phase occurs in lag compensator?
21. What is compensation and what is compensator?
22. Differentiate between lag compensation and lead compensation.

PART B
1. Explain and evaluate the following in detail
a. Lag compensation
b. Lag-Lead compensation.
K
2. Design a suitable lead compensator for a system with 𝐺(𝑠) = 𝑆(𝑆+1)(𝑆+5) to meet the
following specifications
a. K v = 50 sec-1
b. Phase margin≥ 200
𝐾
3. The open loop transfer function of a uncompensated system is 𝐺(𝑠) = s(s+3)(s+6). Design
a lag- lead compensator to meet the following specification.
i) Velocity error constant Kv = 80
ii) Phase Margin γ≥ 35°
4. Design a lead compensator for a unity feedback system with open loop transfer function.
𝐾
𝐺(𝑠) = s(s+1)) to satisfy the following specification.
i) Steady state error for a ramp input ≤ 1/15
ii) The gain cross over frequency < 7.5 rad/sec
iii) Phase margin is ≥ 45ᵒ.
5. Explain in detail the procedure for designing lead compensator using Root Locus.
6. Explain in detail the procedure for the design of Lead compensator using Bode Plot.
7. Elaborately explain lag, lead and lag-lead networks with an example of each.
𝐾
8. A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function 𝐺(𝑆) = 𝑆(1+2𝑆).Design
suitable lag compensator so that phase margin is 400 and the steady state error for ramp
input is less than or equal to 0.2.
9. Explain in detail the procedure for the design of Lead Compensator using Root Locus.

UNIT 5
PART A
1. Define state vector.
2. What are eigen values and eigen vectors.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3. A system is characterized by the differential equation + 12 𝑑𝑡 + 5𝑦 − 𝑢 = 0. Determine
𝑑𝑡 2
its transfer function.
4. Mention the advantage and disadvantage in canonical form of state model.
5. Write the solution for Homogeneous state equation.
6. What are phase variable and canonical variables?
7. Write the properties of state transition matrix.
8. Define observability.
9. Determine the state model of the system represented by the block diagram.
10. Name the methods of state space representation for phase variables.
11. State sampling theorem.
12. Determine the transfer function of a discrete systems described by
y(k+2)+3y(k+1)+5y(k)=u(k)
13. Define state space analysis.
14. What is Quantization?
15. What is the need for observability test?
16. Sketch the basic elements used to construct the state diagram of discrete system.
17. Define controllability.
18. Propose the need for state variables.
19. List the advantages of state space modeling using physical variable.
20. Define state space.
21. What is the need for controllability test?
22. A discrete time system is described by the difference equation
Y (K+2) +3Y (K+1) +5Y (K) = U(K). Determine the transfer function of the system.
23. Draw the signal flow graph representation of state model
24. What are the advantages of state space analysis?
25. State the duality between controllability and observability.

PART B
1. a. Obtain the state model of the system described by the following transfer function.
𝑌(𝑆) 10
= 𝑆3 +4𝑆2 +2𝑆+1
𝑈(𝑆)

b. Express the state transition matrix for the state model whose system matrix A is
1 1
given by A= [ ]
0 1
2. Explain how controllability and observability for a system can be tested with an example.
3. A linear time invariant system is described by the following state model. Transform this into a
canonical state model. Also compute the state transition matrix, eAt

𝑥1 0 1 0 𝑥1 0 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 0 1 0 𝑥2 + 𝑥
0 u and y = [ 1 0 0] 2
𝑥3 −6 −11 −6 𝑥3 2 𝑥3
4. Determine the state model of field controlled DC motor.
5. Convert the following system matrix to canonical form and hence calculate the state
transition matrix eAt .

4 1 −2
A = 1 0 2
1 −1 3
6. Evaluate the following in detail with an example
a. State variables
b. State transition matrix
7. A discrete time system is described by the difference equation
y(k+2)+5y(k+1)+6y(k) = u(k)
y(0)=y(1) =0; T=1 sec
(a).Determine a state model in canonical form.
(b). Find the state transition matrix
8. Evaluate the following in detail with an example
(i) State variables (ii) State transition Matrix