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BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
College of Engineering and Architecture
Data Communications Instructor: Engr. Dominic P. Bolima
physical addressing – adds a header to the frame destination machine first before delivering the
to define the sender and/or receiver of the frame packets
flow control – imposes a flow control mechanism to responsible for end-to-end flow control (across a
avoid overwhelming the receiver single link only for data link)
error control – adds trailer to the frame to detect responsible for process-to-process error control,
and retransmit damaged or lost frames, and also usually achieved through retransmission (across a
adds mechanisms to recognize duplicate frames single link only for data link)
access control – determines the controlling device
over the link at a given time
5. Session Layer
3. Network Layer
6. Presentation Layer
4. Transport Layer
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BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
College of Engineering and Architecture
Data Communications Instructor: Engr. Dominic P. Bolima
a hierarchical and relatively independent protocol responsible for delivery of a message from a
made up of interactive modules process (running program) to another process
Transmission Control Protocol/Internetworking
Protocol
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BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
College of Engineering and Architecture
Data Communications Instructor: Engr. Dominic P. Bolima
o User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – process-to- LocalTalk (Apple) uses 1-byte dynamic address
process protocol that adds only port addresses, that changes each time the station comes up
checksum error control, and length information to
the data form the upper layer
o Logical Address – a universal addressing
system in which each host can be identified
o Transmission Control Protocol – provides full
uniquely, regardless of the underlying physical
transport-layer services to applications and
network
connection-oriented. Divides a stream of data
into smaller units called segments (carried by IP
datagrams) which includes sequence numbers o Port Address – addressing for process-to-
and acknowledgement numbers process delivery usually 16bits in length
Reference:
4. Application Layer
B.A. Forouzan (2007), Data Communications & Networking, 4 th
combined session, presentation, and application Edition, McGraw Hill
layers in the OSI model
Addresses in TCP/IP
four levels of addresses are used in TCP/IP
protocols:
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