Volume flow rate

Power and Efficiency

𝑄 = 𝐴𝑣
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑄𝛾𝐸
Mass flow rate 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, Ƞ = × 100%
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑀 = 𝜌𝑄

Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem

Weight flow rate
𝐸𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 + 𝐸𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 − 𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑄
= 𝐸𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2

Continuity Equation
Energy Equation with Head Lost
Continuity Equation for INCOMPRESSIBLE
fluids 𝐸1 − 𝐻𝐿1−2 = 𝐸2

𝑄 = 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2 = 𝐴3 𝑣3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣1 2 𝑝1 𝑣2 2 𝑝2
+ + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿1−2
2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾
Continuity Equation for COMPRESSIBLE fluids
𝜌1 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑣2 = 𝜌3 𝐴3 𝑣3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 Energy Equation with Pump
or 𝛾1 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝛾2 𝐴2 𝑣2 = 𝜌3 𝐴3 𝑣3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐸1 + 𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻𝐿1−2 = 𝐸2
𝑣1 2 𝑝1 𝑣2 2 𝑝2
Kinetic Energy + + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝐴 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿1−2
2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾
𝑊
𝐾. 𝐸. = 1⁄2 𝑀𝑣 2 = 1⁄2 𝑣 2 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻𝐴
𝑔
𝐾. 𝐸. 𝑣 2 Energy Equation with Turbine or Motor
𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = =
𝑊 2𝑔
𝐸1 − 𝐻𝐸 − 𝐻𝐿1−2 = 𝐸2
For circular pipe diameter D flowing full:
𝑣1 2 𝑝1 𝑣2 2 𝑝2
𝑣2 8𝑄2 + + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿1−2 + 𝐻𝐸
2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾
=
2𝑔 𝜋 2 𝑔𝐷4
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻𝐸
Elevation Energy (Potential Energy)
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑊𝑧 = 𝑀𝑔𝑧
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 = =𝑧
𝑊

Pressure Energy (Potential Energy)

𝑝
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑊
𝛾
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 = =
𝑊 𝛾
Total Flow Energy, E
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
= 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
+ 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑣2 𝑝
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑, 𝐸 = + +𝑧
2𝑔 𝛾
CHAPTER 5 