TEST REPORT

Job No: SVTH/2017-18/SBC/12/215

Geotechnical Investigations for

CONSTRUCTION BUILDING OF C.O.OFFICE,KUMBHALGARH

DISTT.RAJSAMAND(RAJ)

Submitted To

DIRECTOR
ENARCH CONSULTANTS

PREPAIRED BY
 CONTENTS

S.NO. Description Page

No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. CLIENTAGE 1
3. LOCATION OF THE SITE 1
4. SCOPE OF WORK 1
5. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 2
6. LABORATORY TESTS 3
7. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 3
8. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 4
9. CONCLUSIONS 5
10. ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE 7
11 REFERENCES: 8
 GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FORPROPOSEDCONSTRUCTIONOF
C.O.OFFICE, KUMBHALGARH, RAJSAMAND(RAJ)

SVTH/SBC/2017-18/12/215 Dated:-07-12-2017

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The main function of a foundation is to distribute or transmit all the loads coming over it to the soil or
ground upon which it rests.

The knowledge of the characteristics of underlying soil is therefore very essential for safe and
economical design of foundations. The performance of supporting stratum depends upon the physical
properties of soil, type and shape of footing, structure, water table depth etc.

It is therefore necessary to have sufficient information about the arrangement & behavior of the
underlying materials and their physical properties, for adopting and designing the structural foundation.
Soil exploration through field investigation and relevant laboratory testing of the soil are essential to
arrive at required parameters for design of foundation.

2.0 CLIENT

The work of soil investigation for the above project was awarded by Director ENARCH CONSULTANTS.

3.0 LOCATION OF THE SITE

The site for the proposed structure is proposed Construction of C.O.Office,Kumbhalgarh Distt.
Rajsamand (Raj).

4.0 SCOPE OF WORK

Field investigations at the site were planned to determine the required characteristics of the underlying
soil, to design the foundation of the structure proposed to be constructed. The data obtained from these
investigations have been analyzed to arrive at the required parameters, for design.

In order to achieve the stated objective, the stipulated scope of work allotted to the consultants involved
carrying out of the following operations:

(i)Transportation of the testing team and equipments to the site of work and with-drawing the same on
completion of work.

(ii)Drilling Thee bore hole of 150 mm diameter each up-to 6 m or refusal, to a depth not lesser than the
depth of zone of influence of the foundation below ground level with the help of standard equipment.
(iii)
a)Conducting Standard Penetration Test in bore holes as per Indian Standard Specification (IS-2131) to
obtain the N-values for assessing/evaluating the allowable bearing pressure.

b) In case the drilling of Bore Holes is not possible due to difficult site conditions like presence of
boulders etc, open pit are to be advanced into the soil upto the desired foundation depths for carrying
out other suitable investigations like Plate Load Test etc
(C)Collection of disturbed and undistributed representative soil sample with help of augers and sampling
tubes or any other suitable method as the case may be and then sealing, numbering and transporting the
sample as per relevant code IS-2132

Carrying out following tests on the Soil Specimen necessary to establish its characteristics at various depths
Grain size distribution for fine and coarse grained fraction of the soil
Bulk density, Moisture content , Dry Density and Specific Gravity of soil solids
Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Plasticity Index and Shearing Strength Parameters.

The Data thus obtained were analyzed for obtaining the allowable bearing pressure at various depths

Preparation and Submission of Detailed Soil Investigation Report, suggesting suitable type of foundation and
allowable bearing pressure for permissible settlements.

5.0 SUB SURFACE EXPLORATION

The actual investigation work was started on 30/11/2017and was completed on 30/11/2017.

5.1 Drilling
Bore holes of 150mm diameter was drilled up to the depth of 6 m or refusal. Where caving of the borehole
occurred, casing was used to keep the borehole stable.

The work was in general was carried out in accordance with IS: 1892 – 1979.

a. Disturbed Samples: Disturbed representative samples were collected, logged, labeled and placed in
polythene bags.

b.Undisturbed Samples: Undisturbed soil samples were collected in 80 mm diameter thin walled sampler
(Shelby tube) from the borehole. The sampler used for the sampling had smooth surface and appropriate area
ratio and cutting edge angle thereby minimizing disturbance of soil during sampling. Samples were logged
and labeled properly and transferred to the laboratory for further testing.

c.Water Table: Water table was not encountered of investigation during the sub soil exploration work,
carried out in the month of Nov. 2017

d.Method of Sampling: Sampler is coupled together with a sampler head to form a sampling assembly. The
sampler head provides a non-flexible connection between the sampling tube and the drill rods. Vent holes are
provided in the sampler head to allow escape of water from the top of sampler tube during penetration. The
sampling tubes are made free from dust and rust. Coating of oil is applied on both sides to obtain the
undisturbed samples in best possible manner.

The sampler is then lowered inside the bore hole on a string of rods and driven to a predetermined level. On
completion of driving, the sampler is first rotated within the borehole to shear the soil sample at bottom and
then pulled out. Upon removal of the sampling tubes, the length of the sample in the tube is recorded. The
disturbed material in the upper end of the tube, if any, is completely removed before sealing.
The soil at the lower end of the tube is trimmed to a distance of about 10 to 20 mm. After cleaning and
inserting an impervious disc at each end, both ends are sealed. The empty space in the sampler, if any, is filled
with the moist soil, and the ends covered with tight wrapper. The identification mark is then made on each
sample.

5.2 Standard Penetration Test

The standard penetration tests are conducted in each bore as per IS: 2131: 1981 (Reaffirmed 2002). The split
spoon sampler resting on the bottom of bore hole is allowed to sink under its own weight, and then the split
spoon sampler is seated 15 cm with the blows of hammer falling through 750mm. The driving assembly
consists of a driving head and a 63.5 kg weight. It is ensured that the energy of the falling weight is not reduced
by friction between the drive weight and the guides or between ropes. The rods to which the sampler is attached
for driving are straight, tightly coupled and straight in alignment. Thereafter the split spoon sampler is further
driven by 30cm. The number of blows required to drive each 15cm penetration is recorded. The first 15cm of
drive considered as seating drive. The total blows required for the second and third 15cm penetration is termed
as a penetration resistance - N value. The N-values for each bore hole are given in bore logs attached as Plate 1
.
6.0 LABORATORY TESTS

The laboratory tests are aimed at verifying the field classifications and developing parameters for engineering
analysis. Testing was performed in accordance with the current applicable IS Specifications.
The following tests were conducted on selected on selected soil and water samples recovered from the
boreholes

Laboratory Test IS Code Referred

Bulk Density By Calculations
Natural Moisture Content IS: 2720 (Part-02)-1973
Grain size analysis IS: 2720 (Part-04)-1985
Specific Gravity IS: 2720 (Part-03)-1980
Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit IS: 2720 (Part-05)-1985
*Unconfined Compression Test IS: 2720 (Part-10)-1991
*Unconfined Undrained Triaxial Shear Test IS: 2720 (Part-11)-1993
*Consolidated Drained Shear Test IS: 2720 (Part-13)-1986

Note: * indicates “Tests were performed as per requirement”

DIFFERENT LABORATORY TESTS

(6.1)Field Dry Density & Natural Moisture Content

The weight of undisturbed soil sample with sampler (Shelby tube) is determined after removing paraffin wax
and loose soil. The total length of soil sample recovery is determined after deducting empty length from the
total length of sampler. The volume of soil mass retained in sampler is thus determined from the known inside
diameter of sampler and total length of soil mass. The soil mass is then removed and the average moisture
content is determined by keeping the soil sample along with crucible in oven at 100-105°C for 24 hours (For
ordinary Soils). The empty weight of the sampler is then found out. From the total weight of sampler with soil
mass, the weight of empty sampler is deducted. The field density is then found out as:

Field density (bulk)= Weight of Soil mass

Volume of Soil mass

Field Dry Density = Field Bulk Density

(1 + w)
Where w is water content.
(6.2)Particle Size Analysis
The sieve analysis is carried out in accordance with IS: 2720 (Part - IV). The results are presented in the form
of Grain size distribution curve.
Representative soil sample is obtained from the bulk soil sample collected or received from site by method of
coning and quartering. Quantity of soil taken depends on the maximum size of particle present in the sample.
Sieve analysis is conducted in two parts:

(a)Soil fraction retained on 4.75mm ISS

Soil portion retained on 4.75 ISS is weighed. The sample is then separated into various fractions by sieving
through the following sieves: 100, 80, 40,20, 10 and 4.75 mm ISS.
While sieving through each sieve, sieve is agitated so that sample rolls in irregular motion over the sieve, at no
time the particles are pushed through; Care is also taken to see that no individual soil particles are broken,
though particles adhering one another are rubbed by rubber pestle when required. Care is also taken not to over
load the sieve beyond the permitted maximum load for respective sieve.
The mass of the material retained on each sieve is recorded The percentage of soil retained on each sieve is then
calculated on the basis of the total mass of soil taken. From these results, the percentage passing through each
sieve is calculated.

(b)Soil fraction passing 4.75 ISS

The portion of the soil passing 4.75 mm ISS is oven dried at 105 to 110°C. The portion is coned & quartered to
obtain required representative quantity of the material. The material is weighed and placed in tray/bucket filled
with water for soaking and loosening the adhered cohesive materials. The soaked soil specimen is then washed
on 75 micron IS Sieve until the water passing the sieve is almost clear. The material retained on 75 micron IS
Sieve is then transferred in a tray, dried in oven.
Sieve analysis is then conducted on a nest of sieves (viz. 2 mm, 425 and 75 micron ISS) either by hand or by
using mechanical sieve shaker. The fraction retained on each of the sieves is weighed separately and masses
recorded. Cumulative mass of soil fraction retained on each sieve is then calculated. The weights are then
converted into cumulative percentage retained and passing on the basis of the mass of the sample passing 4.75
ISS taken. The combined gradation on the basis of the mass of total sample taken for analysis is finally
calculated

(6.3)Atterberg’s Limit
Liquid and plastic limits are determined by using procedure given in IS: 2720 (Pt-V). The weight of cone plus
rod and plate is 148 gm. A soil sample weighing about 150gm from the thoroughly mixed portion of soil
passing 425 micron is used for testing. The thoroughly wet soil paste is transferred to the cylindrical trough
(150mm diameter and 50mm high) of the Cone Penetrometer apparatus and leveled up to the top of trough. The
Penetrometer is adjusted such that the cone point just touches the surface of the soil paste in trough. The scale
of the Penetrometer is adjusted to zero and the vertical rod is released so that the cone is allowed to penetrate
into the soil paste under its own weight. The penetration is noted after 30 sec. from the release of the cone. The
reading is considered if the penetration reading is between 20mm and 30 mm. The moisture content of the soil
paste corresponding to this is determined. The liquid limit of the soil which corresponds to the moisture content
of a paste which would give 25 mm penetration of the cone is determined using formula:

Liquid Limit % WL = WN / (0.65 + 0.0175 x D)

For determination of plastic limit, a soil sample weighing at least 20 gm from the soil sample passing
425micron IS sieve is thoroughly mixed with water such that it can be easily moulded with fingers. A ball is
formed with about 8 to 10 gm of this soil & is rolled between the fingers and the glass plate with just sufficient
pressure to roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter of 3mm throughout its length. The soil is then
kneaded together to a uniform mass and rolled again. The process is continued until the thread crumbles. The
pieces of crumbled soil thread are collected and moisture content is determined and reported as plastic limit.
(6.4)Specific Gravity
The specific gravity of soil solids is determined by a 50ml density bottle. The weight (W1) of the empty dry
bottle is taken first. A sample of oven-dried soil about 10-20 g cooled in a desiccator, is put in the bottle, and
weight (W2) of the bottle and the soil is taken. The bottle is then filled with distilled water gradually removing
the entrapped air either by applying vacuum or by shaking the bottle. The weight (W3) of the bottle, soil and
water (full up to the top) is then taken. Finally the bottle is emptied completely and thoroughly washed and
clean water is filled to the top and the weight (W4) is taken.

Specific Gravity (G) = _______(W2-W1)___

((W2-W1)-(W3-W4))
(6.5)Shear Test

(a)Tri-axial (Undrained) tests are carried out to determine the shear parameters. The shear tests are carried out
in accordance with IS: 2720 ( X, XI, XII and XIII) on saturated samples. For unconsolidated undrained tri-axial
compression test, the undisturbed soil specimen having diameter 38 mm and height to diameter ratio 2 is
prepared and placed on the pedestal of the tri-axial cell. The cell is then assembled with the loading ram and
then placed in the loading machine. The cell fluid is admitted to the cell and the pressure is raised to the desired
value. An initial reading of the gauge measuring axial compression of the specimen is recorded. The test is then
commenced and sufficient number of simultaneous readings of load and compression measuring gauge being
taken. The test is continued until the maximum value of the stress has been passed or until an axial strain of 20
% has been reached. Additional tests are carried out on identical specimen at confining pressure of 100KN/m2,
200KN/m2 and 300KN/m2. The shear parameters are obtained from the plot of Mohr circles.

(b)Direct shear test is carried out using shear box with the specimens (60mmx60mm). Specimen with plain
grid plate at the bottom of the specimen and plain grid plate at the top of the specimen is fitted into position in
the shear box housing and assembly placed on the load frame. The serrations of the grid plates are kept at right
angle to the direction of shear. The loading pad is kept on the top grid plate. The required normal stress is
applied and the rate of longitudinal displacement/shear stress application so adjusted that no drainage can occur
in the sample during the test (1.25mm/min). The upper part of the shear box is raised such that a gap of about
1mm is left between the two parts of the box. The test is conducted by applying horizontal shear load to failure
or to 20 percent longitudinal displacement whichever occurs first. The test is repeated on identical specimens.

(6.6)Differential Free Swell Test

In order to determine the swelling characteristics of the soil, differential free swell test is carried out. An oven
dried soil sample, 10 gm passing through 425 micron is poured in two 100 ml graduated cylinders. One
cylinder is filled with distilled water and another with kerosene up to 100 ml mark. After removal of entrapped
air, sample is allowed sufficient time to attain equilibrium state of volume. The final volume of soil in each
cylinder is recorded.

Sp = (Soil Volume in Water-Soil Volume in Kerosene) X 100

Soil Volume in Kerosene

Where Sp = Differential Free swell (%)

The swell pressure tests are carried out at field dry density with zero percent moisture content and by constant
volume method. An oven dry soil specimen is compacted into the specimen ring with the specimen kept in
between two porous stone saturated in boiling water providing a filter paper between the soil specimen and the
porous stones. The loading block is then positioned centrally on the top of the porous stone. The assembly is
then placed on the plate of the loading unit. The load measuring proving ring is attached to the load frame and
placed in contact with the consolidation cell without any eccentricity. A direct strain measuring dial gauge is
fitted to the cell. The specimen is then inundated with distilled water and allowed to swell. The initial reading
of the proving ring is noted. The swelling of the specimen with increasing volume is obtained in the strain
measuring load gauge. The specimen is kept at constant volume by adjusting the strain dial gauge always at
original reading. This adjustment is done at every 0.1mm of swell or earlier. The swell pressure is then
calculated from the difference between the final & initial dial readings of the proving ring.

7.0RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The salient features of the soil Strata at the Bore Holes as inferred from field and Laboratory Tests are
indicated below

7.1 Soil Characteristics

Observed ‘N’ Values obtained from the SPT indicate the following characteristics of the Soil Strata

S. Depth of Soil Characteristics as per observed N Values through SPT

No. Strata
(m)
BH-1 BH-2 BH-3
N
1 0.00-0.50 5 Loose 6 Loose 7 Loose
2 0.50-1.00 8 Loose 10 Loose 12 Loose
3 1.00-1.50 22 Medium Dense 21 Medium Dense 23 Medium Dense
4 1.50-2.00 40 Dense 43 Dense 45 Dense
5 2.00-2.50 >50 Very Dense >50 Very Dense >50 Very Dense

7 .2 Soil Type

Laboratory Tests on soil Samples indicate the following type of Soil Strata at various depth

S. Depth of Soil Characteristics

No. Strata
(m)
BH-1 BH-2 BH-3
Poorly Graded Sand, Poorly Graded Sand, Silty Sand, poorly
1 0.00-0.50 gravelly sands, little or 0.00-0.50 gravelly sands, little or 0.00-0.50 graded sands, silt
no fines(SP) no fines(SP) mixtures (SM)
Poorly Graded Sand, Poorly Graded Sand, Poorly Graded
gravelly sands, little or gravelly sands, little or Sand, gravelly
2 0.50-1.00 no fines(SP)
0.50-1.00 no fines(SP)
0.50-1.00 sands, little or no
fines(SP))
Poorly Graded Sand, Poorly Graded Sand, Poorly Graded
gravelly sands, little or gravelly sands, little or Sand, gravelly
3 1.00-1.50 no fines(SP) 1.00-1.50 no fines(SP) 1.00-1.50 sands, little or no
fines(SP)
Fractured Rock Fractured Rock Fractured Rock)
4 1.50-2.00 1.50-2.00 1.50-2.00

7.3 Free Swell Index of Soil

Free Soil index of the soil was found to be Nil% indicating that soil does not have Swelling Characteristics i.e.
Swelling Potential is Nil.

8. 0 ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE

Since the settlement of foundations govern the design of the structures, the net allowable bearing pressure has
been calculated on the basis of permissible settlement of 25mm. Net Allowable Bearing Pressure has been
derived from the corrected N Values as per Standard Practices.
Average Shear Strength Parameters obtained from tests on soil samples have been used for calculating Safe
Bearing Capacity using Shear Failure Criterion as per IS:6403-1981 for checking the safety of the foundation
against Shear Failure.

8.1 SBC BASED ON SHEAR: The ultimate net bearing capacity is evaluated after taking into consideration of
shape factor and depth factor of the foundation in accordance with I.S. 6403-1981. The net bearing capacity has
been estimated using the following equation. The sample calculation of Soil Bearing Capacity is attached in the
report.
qnu = c Ncscdcic + q (Nq-1) sqdqiq + 0.5 B γNγsγdγiγW'

Where,
c= Unit Cohesion
q= Overburden Pressure
γ = Density of Soil
Β= Width of the Footing
Nc,Nq,Νγ= Bearing capacity Factor
Sc,Sq,Sγ = Shape Factor
dc,dq,dγ = Depth Factor
ic, iq, iγ =Inclination Factor
W’ = Water Table Factor

8.2 SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATION:

The Settlement of foundation on cohesive soil can be calculated from the equation as follows: (IS: 8009 Part 1
1976)

S = CcHo log10Po + Δp
1 + eo Po
Where,
S = Settlement
Cc= Compressive Index
Ho = Thickness of Layer
eo= Void Ratio
Po = Overburden Pressure
Δp= Increase in Pressure
The final recommendations of the Allowable Bearing Pressure have been made by adopting the Lower value of
The Net Safe Bearing Capacity obtained by Shear consideration and the Net Allowable Bearing Pressure
obtained
for 25mm settlement.

9. CONCLUSIONS
Soil Profile

The Soil Strata primarily consists of Poorly Graded Sand, gravelly sands, little or no fines(SP)up to 1.25m and
after the Fractured Rock up to 3m .

The soil is Medium Dense to Very Dense from Ground Level to a Depth of 3.0m.

Water Table was not encountered during Soil sub exploration. As reported from the PHED sources, Water
Table
at the site strikes at nearly 30-40m

Allowable Bearing Pressure

The Net Safe Bearing Pressure as obtained from Settlement considerations with 25mm as permissible
settlement, obtained from the corrected ‘N’ Values of SPT and

The Net Safe Bearing Capacity as obtained from Shear Failure consideration with the given Soil Characteristics
and with factor of safety 3.0 is Tabulated below.

Sr. Depth(m) Net Safe Bearing Pressure/Capacity (t/m2)

No. BH-1 BH-2 BH-3
Shear Settlement Shear Failure Settlement Shear Settlement
Failure Criteria Criteria Criteria Failure Criteria
Criteria Criteria
1 0.00-0.50 4.80 5.56 3.50 12.21 6.63 13.79
2 0.50-1.00 8.89 13.79 6.67 18.39 8.38 24.62
3 1.00-1.50 13.15 28.57 16.29 26.60 16.80 29.41
4 1.50-2.00 22.08 46.99 21.78 48.26 24.61 49.35

10. RECOMMENDATIONS

(A) TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS

Considering Field Investigations and Laboratory Tests, recommended Foundations for the present structure is
Open Type/Raft Type

(B) ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE

The Allowable Bearing Pressure for the Design of the foundation at various depths at the Bore Holes location
may be taken as

S.No Depth(m) Net Safe Bearing Pressure/Capacity (t/m2)

BH-1 BH-2 BH-3
1 0.00-0.50 4.80 3.50 6.63
2 0.50-1.00 8.89 6.67 8.38
3 1.00-1.50 13.15 16.29 16.80
4 1.50-2.00 22.08 21.78 24.61

Authorized Signatory

SHREE VINAYAK TEST HOUSE

Note: The above recommendations are based on the field investigations and
laboratory tests conducted on the soil samples collected from the Site as well as
Experience & Judgment of the Engineers. If the actual subsoil conditions during
actual construction of the structure differ from the observations reported, it should
be brought to the notice of the Consultants for further investigations if necessary;
and the design may also be changed accordingly.
REFERENCES:

• IS:2720-1975 ( Part IV) (Reaffirmed 1995)- Indian Standard Method of Test for
Soils
Part-IV Grain Size Analysis

• IS:2720-1970 ( Part V) (Reaffirmed 1995) - Indian Standard Method of Test for

Soils-
Part-V Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limits

• IS:1498-1970 -Classification and Identification of Soils for General Engineering

Purposes.

• IS:.6403-1981- Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing Capacity of Shallow

Foundations.

• IS:.8009 (Part-I)-1976 (Reaffirmed 1976 )- Code of Practice for Calculation of

Settlement of Foundation
•
Part-I Shallow Foundation Subjected to Symmetrical Vertical Loads

• IS:2131-1981- Method of Standard Penetration Test for Soils

.
• IS:1904-1986 (Reaffirmed 1995)-Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Foundation in Soils- General Requirement