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Free Audio CD Inside!

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READ and SPEAK

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o 0 0 0 0 0 Language Pack for Beginners

by Jane Wightwick Mahmoud Gaafar

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(9

CD

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CO TENTS

I ntrod uction 54 TOPIC 6: How do I get there?
o Places around town
TOPIC 1: What's your name? e Transportation
o Basic greetings o Directions and instructions
o Saying and asking about names
64 TOPIC 7: Who's this?
4 TOPIC 2: Where are you from? o Describing your family
o Countries o Possessives (my, your, etc.)
o Saying where you're from o Numbers 1-10 TOPIC 3: What's this?

74 TOPICS: What do you do?

o Asking about what things are

o Describing occupations

e Ordering drinks and snacks

o Talking about where you work

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

84 Test Yourself 89 Reference 92 Answers

o Describing where things are

o Plurals

* pIus ...

TOPICS: What's it like?

o Describing characteristics

o Adjectives

Audio CD to enhance your learning

CONTENTS

<:) 0 0 0 ® Welcome to Read and Speak Arabic. This programme will introduce you to the Arabic language in easy-to-follow steps. The focus is on enjoyment and understanding, on reading words rather than writing them yourself. Through activities and games you'll learn how to read and speak basic Arabic in less time than you thought possible.

S <:) 0 0 You'll find these features in your programme:

Key Words see them written and hear them on the CD to improve your pronunciation

clear, simple explanations of language points to help you build up phrases for yourself

practise what you have learnt through reading, listening, and speaking activities

with tear-out components. Challenge yourself or play with a friend. A great, fun way to review

hear the key words and phrases and take part in interactive listening and speaking activities. You'll find the track numbers next to the activities in your book

o 0 0 If you want to give yourself extra confidence with reading the script, you will find The Arabic 100 Word Exercise Book the ideal pre-course companion to this programme. The Arabic 100 Word Exercise Book introduces the Arabic scrtpt through 100 key everyday words, many of which also feature in Read and Speak Arabic.

language Focus

Activities

Games

Audio CD

e 0 So now you can take your first steps in Arabic with confidence, enjoyment and a real sense of progress.

0
0
c.,'{.. NU11; e
~ ~ 0
.1) e
0 Whenever you see the audio CD symbol, you'll find listening and speaking activities on your CD. The symbol shows the track number.

Track 1 is an introduction to the sounds of Arabic. Listen to this before you start and come back to it again at later stages if you need to.

0000000000000®0000®00

TOPIC 1

ey Words

Look at the script for each key word and try to visualize it, connecting its image to the pronunciation you hear on your CD.

~

~I ahlan

hello

Arabic names:

~l.ifaaTima(l) (female)

2...4~1 ~

ma'as .. salaama

goodbye

(male)

~I Ism

name

di~j zayna

(female)

~I ismee

my name

~J-:! yoosef

(male)

(1) Capital letters in the pronunciation, e .. g. faallma, indicate emphatic sounds (refer to page 91 and audio track 1).

o e e e e o

Remember that Arabic reads right to left and most short vowels (a, i, u) are not written as part of the main script. They can be included as marks above and below the letters but you won't normally see them. Refer to the alphabet table on page 90 if you want to work out the individual letters in a word, but try to let this happen gradually as you progress. Don't expect to take it all in at once.

o If you find yourself using strategies at first such as recognizing

o words by their initial letters or shapes, think of this a positive

o start and not as "cheating". 0000000000000000000@®0€

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

ACTIVITIES

hello

How do you say it?

Join the script to the pronunciation, as in the example.

ma'a s-salaama

~

~I

~~ltA ~I ~I ~li

ismee

yoosef

ism

ahlan

faaTlma

sameer

zayna

What does it mean?

Now say the Arabic out loud and write the Engtish next to each. Remember to start on the right.

J.:u . .. J

~I

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

MY NAME'S •••

anguage

oeus

o 0 Most Arabic letters join to the next letter in a word and change their shape to a greater or lesser extent when they join. Six letters do not join, the most common of which is alif (I). The table on page 90 shows how the individual letters change. As a general principle the left-hand side (or "tail") of a letter is removed before the following letter is joined.

Look at how these words you have met are formed (read right to left):

sameer ~ =.) + r.J + ~ + v-' zayna ~_j = 0 + U + 1./ + j

~

ma'a ~ = t + f'

• 0 0 My name in Arabic is made up of the word r-I (ism) meaning name and the ending 1,1 (-ee) meaning my. Notice when you join the ending, the tail of the r is taken off: ~I (ismee).

o 0 There is no equivalent of is, so to make a sentence all you have to do is to add your own name:

.~Li ~I Ismee faaTima. My name is Fatima.

o (9 It is also common to add lJ ana (I) in front of ~I ismee (my name):

.~ ~I ul ana ismee sameer. My name is Scmeer.

o When you address someone you already know by their name, you can put 4 (yaa) in front of their name:

.~j L:! ~i ahlan yaa zayna. Helfo, layna .

. ~Jo:! L:! ~j ahlan yaa yooser. Hello, Yoosef.

e o

Practise introducing yourself and learn some useful replies on your CD.

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TOPIC 1: What's your name?

What are they saying?

Write the correct number in the word balloons.

.~Li ~I wi ,~i 1 ahlan, ana ismee faaTima .

. ~~~i2 ahlan yaa sameer.

!~~'~3 ma'a s-salaama .

.\.:u_j ~ ~i 4 ahlan yaa zayna.

What do you hear?

Work out the phrases below. Then listen and tick (V) the two phrases you hear on your audio CD.

o .~_j l:!~j 4 o !~i 5

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

o !~til:!.L:. ~I f:4 1 o .~~lui2 o !~~ 4 .L:.~I f:4 3

ey Words

.. ~~------------------------------~------------,:. ~~)

V

~14maa?

what {is}?

c ~ SabaaH morning

~I

your name

~~ masaa'

evening

Isma.k. (feminine: ismikj

,sl! ,49, u-a please

min faDlak (feminine: mlnfaDllkj

.• :... II.l..u.o ..;-:-- C .

sabaaH al .. khayr

good morning

I~ shukran

thank you

~I ;,.~ masaa'al-khayr

good evening

anguage i- oeus

o 0 0 You already know how to say name - r--I (ism) and my name - ~I (ism.etU. To say your name you need to add the ending cl.: ci.-l (ismik). The pronunciation changes toismik when referring to a female, but the Arabic spelling remains the same. The same is true with the phrase ·,'11,';'9 ~ please, which literally means "from your favour", and is pronouncedminfaDI.ak when talking to a male, but min faDUk when talking to a female ..

To ask someone their name, add what ~ (maa) in front of ~I (ismak/ismik):

<;~ILA maa Ismak? What's yo.ur name? (to a male)

.~ .~t ismee sameer, My name's Sameer.

<;~I to. maa Ismik? What's your name? (to a female)

.~l.i ~Il,jj ana ismee faaTima. My name's Fatima.

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

At the conference ~~r~)

You are registering your name at a conference. Y Take part in the conversation on your CD with the receptionist.

What does it mean?

Match the English word balloons to the Arabic. For example: ld

Hello.

.~~ a

Please.

Which word?

Write the correct number of the word in the box to complete the conversation, as in the example. (Don't forget, read right to left.)

~I 1

.~I 2

___ ~~.~i

LA3

<

~~I_- .~Y- __ ~I

___ ~I

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

. NAMES

nguage Focus

o 0 The most common way of saying .Mr.is using jl:L... ~I (al-ustaars) in front of either the first or the second name: ~jl:L... ~I (al-ustaara 'alee); ~ljl:L...~1 (al .. ustaara al-Halabee), Mrs. or Ms. is most commonly ~IJ..o (madaam): i:u_) rlJ..o (madaam .zayna);~1 f"IJ..o (madaam al-Halabee). Miss is ~),I (al-aanlsa), usually used with the first name: 4....Jol& ~),I (al-aanlsa faaTima).

English names with an Arabic pronunciation twist can sound a. bit different.

Vowels tend to be written long to distinguish them from Arabic words, so Harry becomes haari (,?_,LII). Arabic also doesn't have the sound "p", so "b" is usually substituted.: Peter becomes beetar G~) and Penny becomes bini (~). Consonant clusters (groups of consonants together) are alien to the Arab ear, turning names like Charles into tishaarliz ()) :-',1).

hat are their names?

you work out these English names written in Arabic script? the alphabet table on page 90 to help you if you want.

Suzanne

TO'PIC 1: What's your name?

In or out?

Who is in the office today and who is out at meetings? Look at the wallchart and write the names in EngHshin the correct column, as in the example.

cl,;LA V'
4 "!') II
IJ,;I-A X
~
~~
J..WLi
~~
j.J,;L..J.j
. ~
W":!.
~~ IN

Mark

TOPIC 1: What's your name?

OUT

GAME

Name Game

1 Tear out Game Card 1 at the back of your book and cut out the name cards (leave the sentence-build cards at the bottom of the sheet for the moment).

(2) Put the cards Arabic side up and see if you can recognize the names. Turn over the cards to see if you were correct.

'3) Keep shuffling the cards and testing yourself until you can read all the names.

Then cut out the extra sentence-build cards at the bottom of the sheet and make minidialogues. For example:

~I

~I I~ 01 ~JI II

D I ~ II ~I I D 1.--1 _)Ui____,

- sabaaH al-khayr, maa ismak?

- ahlan. ismee sameer.

You can also play with a friend. Make minidialogues for each other to read. If you both have a book, you can play Pairs (pelmanism) with both sets of sentence-build cards, saying the words as you turn over the cards.

I

1 ""'Do f ... ~.,. ... )

1 __ ,

~·--------c--------r _

I .rt- ~ ~JiI ~. Lw' T' --_-- -_.

, ,~I ~~

- ~;;~ - -r- ~ - -~- - - r- - - - - - - "[" - ~ - ~ --

I " ..... , ~j.A, <")

r -_ -~~ ~ - -t -_ - - ~~ - ~- - - - - - - - ~- - - - - --

: v-"" f ~4ro : f'L...,.

r~------~r~------~--- ~ _

, .,....J-I I ~.Jl, T I ,

I , <,J~, 11"4

r--------~------.J-. __ . J _

I

...... Itftc.~ear_

OPIC 1: What's your name?

I *.1' .~j,a ~I~I al .. 'iraaq Iraq I..us; kanada Canada

•
., .. 4J~ sooriya Syria I.,UJ I eerlanda Ireland
~~
~
4J·I~1 Australia
lS"ai amreeka America usturalya
.. r -IOPIC2

Key Words

~ miSr

Egypt

~ balad

country

e e ®

IIWI!'a

~. ~.~U::u..J-! bin"Taanya Britain

.i., 1 J,.4 madeena city

Notice that when an Arabic word starts with a vowel, this is written with an alit (I L often with a small symbol coiled a

•

hamza above (I), or bela w (I) if th e word s to rts with i 0 r ee.

To learn new words, try covering the English and looking at the

o Arabic script and pronunciotion. Start from the first word and

(;) work your way to the last word seeing if you can remember the English. Then do the same but this time starting from the bottom and moving up to the first word. See if you can go down and up three times without making any mistakes. Then try looking only at the Arabic script When you con recognize all the words, cover the

o Arabic and this time look at the English saying the Arabic out loud.

00000000000000000800@

TOP~C_ 2': Where are you from?

ACTIVITY

here are the countries?

the number next to the country, as in the example.

-,~

,

~. r~·~~

~Q~rlf ..

y

WJI ... I - .. ~

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

How do you say it?

Join the English to the pronunciation and the Arabic script, as in the example.

Britain ee.rlanda M.
~.l.4
Syria kanada 1J_jS
.
Ireland balad ~rl
city 1'- ~lh..a..:.H
a .. ·Iraaq
Egypt soorlya ~
•
Canada madeena WI -. I
.. ~
America blrlTaanya "I~I
~
country mlSr ~
Austrotto usturalya I.,U.J I
~,
Iraq amreeka ~~ Whe.re are the cities?

Now look at these cities and make sentences, using the word ~. fee (in), for example:

.4,)~ .~ .~,ttQ..l dimashq fee soo.riya. Damascus {is} in Syria.

New York

Cairo

London

Damascus

~J~~ nyoo yoork

o~li.J1 al .. qaahira

u~

lundun

~J dimashq

Sydney Washington Toronto Dublin
. Wh ~'('Ij - u.4J
.~.~ J-UJ~
sidnee waashinTun torunto dublin TOPIC 2: Wherea.re. you from?

I'M-FROM •••

nguage Focus

It is straightforward to say where you're from. Use the phrase U-o l.:J ana min (I [am] from) and add the name of the country or town:

.U...)J-'-W I.J.A wi ana. min soorfYa. I'm from Syria. '~ri I.J.A wi ana. min amr'eeka. I'm from America . . ';~LiJl .tJ.4 wi ana .mln al .. qaahira. I'm from Cairo.

You could use ~fee (in) or ~ ~_,.i qareeba min (near to) to be more specific:

.l:!~,~ ~.,. oJ <.J.4ui ana .mln dlmashq fee soorlya. I'm from Damascus in Syria ..

• •

·U.,U.J <.J.4 ~...,_,.i .~,l.4 'J~I <.J.4ul ana. min o'k.sfoord,

madeena qareeba min lundun. I'm from Oxford, a city near London

o If you want to ask someone where they are from, you need to use the question ~U:!i.~ .;;.jj anta minayna? ("you from where?',. The pronunciation ofllyou" changes slightly if you are asking a female: anti. min ayna? The basic spelling is the same, with the only difference being in the vowel markings (see page 90).

~ ~ J-:! 4 0-:! i (,).4. ~i anta .min ayna yaa yoosef? Where are you fram, Yoosef?

~d:..:a..t_jl:! ~i (,).4 ~i anti min ayna yaazayna? Where are you from, Zoyna?

@ Listen to these six people introducing themselves and see if

<9 you can understand where they are from: Yoosef, Lucy,

o Sameer, Harry, Fatima, Suzanne.

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TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

ACTIVITIES

Where are they from?

Join the people to the places they are from, as in the example. Listen again to track 8 on your CD if you need to remind yourself.

~J J,)~j --

~ ~~ Ul~ II,) LA

Where are you from?

Now say where you're from.

Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

Key Words

~
wi ana I ~ hiya she
~
u.:al anta/anti you UA min from
~
J..A huwa he ~. 1 ayna? where?
.W-:! TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

guage Focus

o You now know how to ask and answer questions about where you're from:

· .

~0-:!1 i.J.4 u,jl anta/antl min ayna? Where are you from?

.

. I~"H! i.J.4 L.:al ana min eerlanda. I'm from Ireland.

• If you want to talk about where someone else is from, you can use _,.A huwa (he) or ~ hiya (she):

•

~0-:!1 i.J.4 .jA huwa min ayna? Where's he from?

•

. ~I (.)A ~ huwa min amreeka. He's from America.

•

~0-:!1 UA ~ hlya min ayna? Where's she from?

.l:!.)~ ~ ~J tJ.4 ~ hlya min dlmashq fee soorlya. She's from Damascus in Syria.

o 0 You may have noticed that some countries and cities start with .JI al-, meaning the: JI~I al-'iraaq (Iraq); b->-"WI al-qaahira (Cairo).

o You will learn more about al- in later topics. For the moment you need to know that when al- follows ~. fee (in), the combination is pronounced til:

.L;I,.,..._JI ,.,; JI~ UA .jA huwa min baghdaad fll-'Iraaq. He's from Baghdad in Iraq.

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

Who's from where?

Make questions and answers about where these people are from. Try to include a city that you know in the answer, as in the example .

2

.

I! 6-:! I ().4 ~

huwa min ayna?

Where's he from?

.1S.:!j4 i ,.; ~ ~ ~ ().4 .}A

huwa min nyoo yoork. fee amreeka.

He's from New York in America.

4

*" * I

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

en and check

to the conversation on your audio CD and if these sentences are true or false.

True False
conversation takes place in the morning. 0 0
woman's name is Sophie. 0 0
comes from Canada.
man's name is Munir. 0
comes from Egypt. 0
ey are already friends. 0 0 at does i mean?

read the Arabic you heard in the conversation and match it with I as in the example.

I'm from Canada.

What's your name?

I'm from Egypt

My name's Louise.

Good evening.

Hello.

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

ACDVlnES

What does it mean?

Read these sentences out loud and write the English next to each.

My name's Louise.

•

.I~~ul

Now complete this description of yourself. Read the sentences out loud, adding your own details .

. (country) ~ (city/town) (.).4 ui .(name) ~I ..._--

Key Words

Lebanon

u~ lubnaan

,"":*~I al-maghrib Morocco

U-.:!JS.l1 ai-kuwait Kuwait

. ..

~j-J toonis

Tunisia

,is1~1 al-jazaa'ir Algeria

Saudi

~Jy "a" as-sa'oodiyya

@ There are more than 20 Arabic-speaking countries, spread

o throughout North Africa and Asia. Here are six more Arab

o nations with their flags. You'll need these to play the game.

0080000000000000000

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

lag Game

1

Tear out Game Card 2.

II: ""M' "''''' e (00 ..... 23.' : AIiISH ~ ~___._.....__--

Find a die and counterts),

Put the counter(s) on START.

Throw the die and move that number of squares.

When you land on a flag, you must ask and answer the appropriate question for that country. For example:

c;~i .(.).4 u.:ai anta (anti) min ayna? (Where are you from?)

.4-iLb.:!..H (.).4 L.:ai ana min biriTaanya. (I'm from Britain.)

If you can't remember the question or answer, you must go back to the square you came from. You must throw the exact number to finish ..

\2) You can challenge yourself or play with a friend.

TOPIC 2: Where are you from?

Key Words

UW baab

. .

~..;S kursee

chair

door

~~ shubbaak

.

window

~J,_ju maa'ida

table

UJ-:!~ tileefizyoon television

~ qalam

pen

d I" 0 maJalia

uUS kltaab

book

magazine

~ kanaba

A A

"','9 '> Haqeeba

sofa

bag

UJA! Ii tileefoon

~J!! as kumbiyootir computer

telephone

e o ®

Listen first to the key words on your CD. Then look around the room you're in and try to use the words to name as many objects as you can find. Count how many Arabic words you use.

o Then look back at the list and review the words you couldn't

o remember. Try again to name objects and see if you can beat

o your first score.

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TOPIC 3: What's this?

hat does It mean?

ACTIVITIES

the Arabic with the pictures, then write the pronunciation and English, as in the example.

.. ..

d "9,

...

uU

. .

shubbaak (window)

TOPIC 3: What's this?

ACTIVITIES

Word Square

Can you find the 8 key words in the word square? Circle them and write the English, as in the example.

/'
~ - .i D
~ ..a d... ..a ....a ~
. · -
....
L .. s . .J
u ..a ....::a.. J ' ..s;,
. ·
a, . s . ...L;
f' ..a ..Ii t J
·
.J ..i l .
~ ....::a.. ....a fA J
-
- .J l -
t ..a ~ ...t..IoI ra ..a
C, . cl l :. .
.) ..a ..a ...t..IoI ~
· .
· .J -
u J .i ..Ii ..a f' s
-
s · l
'" """"-I .) ....a u ..a
. . Odd One Out

bag

Which is the odd one out? Circle the word that doesn't belong in each row.

~ t~1 * ~...,.rai * 0_,i:.G * j4A4 L~I ~ * ~i * ~ * ~I C~

TOPIC 3: What's this?

anguage Focus

o Arabic nouns (naming words) are either masculine (,.A huwa he) or feminine (~ hiya she). There is no equivalent of the English it. Nearly all feminine nouns either end in a special feminine ending -a (~) known as taa marbooTa, or are words which refer to female people (or both). You can assume a word is masculine unless it falls into one of these two categories.

masculine nouns ~~ (yoosef Yooset) ~I (Ism name)

'-:IUS: (kltaab book)

..u J (walad boy)

feminine nouns

J..:u_j (zayna Zayna) ~ (maJalla magazine) o~LA (maa'ida table) ~ (blnt girn

• 0 0 This in Arabic is 1,iA, haarua for masculine nouns and ~.l.A haanuhl for feminine nouns. There is no equivalent of the English a/an or is, so you can make simple sentences using this + noun:

. '-:I us: 1j,A haaTHa kHaab. This {is aJ book .

. ~ j)j,A haaTHihi majalla. This {is o) magazine.

o 0 Use ~ maa (what?) and J,A hal (a general question marker) to make questions. No is '"i laa and yes is ~ na'm .

. ~ 1j,A ~I~ u maa haaTHa? haaTHa qalam. What's this? It's a pen .

. ~~ j).J.AJ..4I hal haaTHihi majaUa? Is this a magazine? _'-:IUS: ,jA ,"J I·~ ~ ,~ na'm, hiya maJalla./ laa, huwa kitaab. Yes, it's a magazine./No, it's a book

o h'

o Ask and answer t e questions. Follow the

prompts on your CD. 90800G@0®00ee00®®080®€

TOPIC 3: What's this?

ACTIVitiES

What's this?

Look at the pictures of everyday objects from unusual angles. Then read the sentences and decide which picture they describe, as in the example.

ouL tjA 5

-- ..

.: .".Q. r~ I~ 6

__ u~~

o~J!! as IjA 2

--

__ o~ I~ 7

o~ "j.,a) 3

--

~ .. ",,',"'8

,,4 ",9, " ......

-- ...

d

e

f

h

TOPIC 3: What's this?

,

AT HE CAFE

ey Words

.).jf-i qahwa

shaay

~ ka'ka

cake

tea

coffee

J.i ~ falaafl •

falafel

~j~ sandawitsh sandwich .)~ faTeera

pancake

guage

ocus

o 0 The easiest way to ask for something in a cafe or store is to use the phrase ~ ... ~ mumkin ... 1 (approximately meaning possible ... ?), or the more formal phrase ... ~) ureed ... (I'd like ... ), and add please: ~ ~

min faDlak (min faDlik when talking to a woman).

o 0 Use,J wa (and) to ask for more than one thing. Notice that J wa is written next to the following word without a space in Arabic script:

~,'I L09 <J.4 </L1 ~ mumkin shaay min faDlak? May I have a tea, please?

.~ UA ;~J IiJO-i J-I .. } ureed qahwa wa .. faTeera min faOlak. I'd like a coffee and a pancake, please.

o 0 Here you are is ~ tafaDDal to a man or ~ tafaDDalee to a woman.

~~ cj.4 w(';:!:j~ ~ mumkin sandwitsh min faDlak? May I have a sandwich, please?

.~IJ,4 4 I.J Log; tafaDDalee yaa madaam. Here you are, madam.

TOPIC 3: What's this?

ACTIVITIES

Who orders what?

What are the customers ordering? Listen to your CD and check what they order, as in the example.

tea

coffee

sandwich

cake

falafel

pancake

Customer 1

./

Customer 2

Customer 3

Customer 4

Customer 5

Now look at the table and pretend you are ordering for yourself. Try to use the two ways you know of asking for something:

~,>",4Q, ~ Ji~J OJf1 ~ mumkin qahwa wa·falaafil min faDlak?

~

_,>,1.4g ~ Ji~j oJf-i -":!.;1 ureed qahwa wa-falaafil min faDlak.

TOPIC 3: What's this?

scramble the conversation

you put this conversation in the correct order?

W l..o .

. .lA .J ... ~

na'm ... wa-maa haarna?

.~~~.iA f

haaTHihi faTeera.

-.

~~ ~

'~...H-i

7QahWa,

TOPIC 3: What's this?

check your answer with the conversation on your audio CD.

At the cafe ,f.i(J~~ 1

Your tum to order now. look at the menu below and ~-l!!/ then yoU'" be ready to order from the waiter on your CO.

Did you WOrk Out What the cafe is called? Yes, it's Ali Baba (L,L, .,.-kJ!

TOPIC 3: What's this?

GAE

e Cafe Game

(1\ Cut out the picture cards from Game Card 3.

Ir- """"e , ...... , .. ,"

"dill'. c.'d.:

, - - -~- - - - - - [ - - - - ~-- - - - T - - - - - - - - --:

.! : IC)'.. :

\ ' ' ,

ii' I

, ' ,

• j ~ I

__ ~ __ . ~_r---~---'---~----·-l

, ' ,

\ : t1: '

~- , . ~ , -

I "Ii I

, ,

, ,

1 -- -L - - - - - -- -- ~- - - - - - - - - - ~

I ' , ,

, ' ,

I : ',. : ~:

[·6n ..... ~.~.~.~

(2) Put the cards into a bag.

f3) Shake the bag.

V Pull out a card without looking.

1) Ask for the item on the card. For example: 1~ ().4 l.}'W:. ~ mumkin shaay min faDlak? (Can J have fa] tea, please?)

If you can ask the question out loud quickly and fluently, then put the card aside. If not, then put it back into the bag.

\!J See how long it takes you to get all of the cards out of the bag. Or play with a friend and see who can collect the most cards.

r ~.\.» l tJJ \-1

~1iI\

----

TOPIC 3: What's this?

TOPIC 4

Key Words

~~ ghurfa room ~ bayt house
J..:=.. ~ thallaaJa retri ge ra tor ~ shajar trees
JU"w sitaar curtains o J~ sayyaara car
u,.,A furn stove ~ qina cat
~~ saraer bed ~ kalb dog
.
..
;J~ Soora picture Jlj faar mouse language Focus

o 0 0 0 0 Although Arabic does not have an equivalent of a/an, it does have an equivalent of the: ... JI al-, The word .... JI al- is written joined to the noun it refers to:

CD 0 0 0 With approximately half the letters of the Arabic alphabet the "I" sound of al is assimilated ("taken over") by the sound of the first letter of the following word. These letters are called sun letters. Try to recognize this asslmllation but don't wo too much as you will be understood if you pronounce the "I".

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

y.lS kalb {a} dog .il~ ghurfa (a) room

~I al-kalb the dog .il._.,.i.J1 al-ghurfa the room

';.)~ sayyaara (a) car ,; .;l.~~1 as-sayyaara the car ';.)~Soora (a) picture ,; ~I as-Soora the picture

does it mean?

Arabic to the pronunciation and write down what the words mean in English.

sareer u~
bayt. y-lS
kalb 4.i~
snaar .i.bi
stove furn ~~
ghurfa 0J~
Soora 4)lj
shaJar ~
~
sayyaara ~
qlTTa ;;J~
thallaaJa ~
J
faar ..1u..... at can you see?

at the picture and tick (II) the you can see, as in the example.

clu...i:. u~D uLO

. .

~D

.• ·.o..r:. 0 uJ-i....;-:-

._iJ~O

~O' ~o ~~o

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

ON OR UNER?

Key Words

• •

~ fee In

~

~L:.I amaam

in front of

~ 'ala on

~IJJ waraa behind

~ talHt under

u:a~ bl-Jaanib

. ..

• next to

~Ji fawq above

language Focus

o 0 e 0 0 When ... JI at- (the) is preceded by a word which ends with a vowel, the a of al- is dropped. The spelling is not affected.

J..i~1 al.ghurfa the room ~J..i._,.i.J1 r.} fi I·ghurfa in the room """fiJI al-kursea the chair -+ ~fiJl ~ ala I·kursee on the chair

G) Practise saying where things are on your CD.

e

@0®0®0@0000000000®0000

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

h word?

....,.'I~ around the word -.". ..... , describes each as in the example.

@

,

.~, . ci,)~11

~

.~~I ~~ u~~1 2 ~

.ci~WI ~ _;iJ.!! oS II 4 .~

~ ..

~16

.uWI ~I,)J ~I 7

..

~

o

.ci,)~1 r"141 ~I 8

~

rb LJV

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

THERE ISIfHERE ARE

language Focus

!) 0 0 0 ® A useful Arabic phrase when describing places is d~ (hunaaka), which is the equivalent of the English there is or there are.

o 0 e 0 Arabic doesn't use is or are, so this phrase doesn't change depending on whether you are talking about one thing (singular) or more than one thing (plural). You simply use I!l~ (hunaaka.) foHowed by the noun:

o 0 0 In this way you can make simple descriptions using the positional words and vocabulary you have already met in this book:

.~ clUA hunaaka bank. There is a bank . . ~ cl~ hunaaka shaJar. There are trees.

.~J.AJI t.} ~ clUA hunaaka bank fll-madeena.

There is a bank in the town .

. ~I y:a~ ~ ~L.:aA hunaaka shajar bl-Jaanlb n-bayt.

There are trees next to the house.

<:) 0 If you want to ask a question, simply add the question marker jA (hal) at the beginning:

~~J.AJI ,..; ~ clWoA JA hal hunaaka bank fil-madeena?

Is there a bank in the town?

~~ clw J.A hal hunaaka shajar?

Are there [any] trees?

o Look around the room you are in at the moment, or think of a

o room you know well. Can you describe where some of the things

o are using I!H.~A?

0®00G000®000G@00®®0e

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

CTIVIDES

'U~I 0
(3
.~j!! oS II 0

0 0 ~
... ~ ... JLi clWA
'U~j9! I; II 0 0
0 ... ~ 0
'~I.;SJ' 0 ~i~ 0
...
. .1 , 'as 'I 0 0
. 0 r:.." ; 0
...
·,_HFI 0 ~~ 0
.,.
e . ... ... (2)
~
.~~WI 0 ... ~1.41 0
0 0
.~~li.H 0 ... ~IJJ 0
. ere are the mice?

how many mice you can find in lcture and make sentences them using the sentence

as in the example.

~ ~

I ~ul JLi clWA

a mouse in front of the bed.

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

language Focus

® 0 0 0 ® The most common regular Arabic plural is the ending ..:.,.1 -aat. The words below from topics 3 and 4 can be made plural using ..:.,.1 -aat. Notice that if the singular ends with the feminine -a (0), you must remove this before adding ..:..1 -aat.

o 0 0 0 However, many Arabic plurals are irregular, similar to the English man/men or mouse! mice. As a beginner, you'll need to learn these plurals individually. Later, patterns emerge that will help you. From now on we will add useful plurals in brackets in the key words panels. Here are the other words you already know with their plura

singular plural
television u""'~ tlleefizyoon uW"... ~ tlleeflzyoona.at
computer ~~ kumbtyoortir ul~~ kumblyootlraat
magazine ~ majallB u~ maJallaat
telephone u.# til .. foon uw~ til.eefoonaat
refrigerator ~)l!j thallaaja u~ ~ thallaajaat
car o ;l.~ sayyaara ulJ~ sayyaara.at singular plural
chair ~.;5 kur ••• ~lfi karaas ••
table o~14 maa-Ida ~1j-4 mawaa-Id
book uws. kitaab ~ kutub
bag .L..ah Haq .. ba ~~ Haqaa·lb
door uU baab · .. A~I abws.ab
..
window t!lL..a..l:. shubbaak .!l..a...L..a..l:. sha.baabeek
pen r-Ji qalam ~i aqlaam
f'
room ~_,.t ghurfa .J_,.t ghuraf
curtains ~ sitaar ~u...... sataa'ir
J
stove u.,a turn ul.,ai afraan
bed ~-J"""" sareer .;_,.....i aslrra
picture o .).j'wD Soora . .).j'wD Suwar
house ~ bayt uJ-:H buyoot
tree .;~ ahajara ~ shajar
dog u-IS kalb u~ kilaab
cat .tbi qiTTa .b.b.i qiTaT
mouse i.i faar ut_,li fi',aan
J TOPIC 4: Where is it?

o The opposite of l!llu. hunaaka (there is/are) is l!llu. ~ laysa hunaaka (there isn'tierer: t):

.~I f'~i ul,)~ o!lW hunaaka sayyaaraat amaam il·bayt.

There are cars in front of the house.

find an activity on your CD to you remember the plurals.

~

.~I f' ~Iul,)~ o!lw ~ laysa hunaaka sayyaaraat

amaam lI·bayt. There aren't any cars in front of the house.

ten and earn

e or False?

ICICle if the sentences describing picture are true or false.

[£f o o o o o o o .~..;iJ1 ~ ~~ dUA 9 0 . I ~ u,j-:!~ ~UA ~ 10 0

·4~1 ~I.)J ~ clUA 4 .i~WI ~ ;jj clUA ~ 5 .~..;iJ1 ~ cl~ clUA 6 ~ ...... I ~ _,.Jl..:i....u .!JUA ~ 7 . u_,iJ I ~ u~1 8

True False

o

•

•

o o o o o o o o

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

Language Review

You're half way through this programme - congratulations! This is a good time to summarize the main language points covered so far in Read and Speak Arabic.

o 0 0 0 0 1 Arabic has two genders: masculine and feminine. Nearly all feminine

words either end in ;; -a (e.g. U->, ghurfa room) or refer to female people (e.g. ~ bint girl).

I 0 0 0 0 2 JI at- means the. There is no equivalent of a/an. Certain letters of the alphabet assimilate the "I" sound of al-. The "a" of al- is dropped when preceded by a vowel. These changes affect only the pronunciation, not the spelling.

~ qalam (a) pen ~, alwqalam the pen

~ Suwar pictures J~I as-Suwar the pictures

.; !! i,. Haqeeba (a) bag .; !! i" II r.,} fI I-Haqeeba in the bag

e 0 0 3 You can ask for something by using the phrase ... us.- mumkin ••• or

... ..u_} ureed ... , but dL..o..i Lr min faOlak is fairly essential either way.

o 0 4 The verb to be (am!is/are) is not generally used in the present. Simple sentences and questions can be formed without the verb to be:

.~ ~I ismee sameer. My name (is) Someer. .JI~I ~ L:,j ana min al-'iraaq. f (am) from Iraq. 'r-li I~ haaTHa qalam. This {is aJ pen.

'l ~ j ~",_A huwa min ayna? Where (is) he from? 'lJ-l.,.y.oJ1 ~ ~I jA hal al-qalam taHt as-sareer? (Is) the pen under the bed?

.~I ~ 1.:-'Ji..S: 1!ll..i.A hunaaka kJlaab fil-bayt. There (are) dogs in the house.

G> 5 The most common regular plural ending is..:...L -aat, Many Arabic plurals irregular and have to be learnt individually.

TOPIC 4: Where is it?

GAME

Tear out Game Card 4 at the back of your book and cut out the the small pictures of items around the house (leave the sentence-build cards at the bottom of the sheet for the moment).

(2) Stick the pictures wherever you like on the scene below. '3) Cut out the sentence-build cards from Game

Card 4. Make as many sentences as you can describing your room. For example:

D I _.w_.-JI II J~ II ~J~ II d~

hunaak.a Soora fawq as-sareer.

, l.j

,~ ~ ~ ~ ~

, ' ~ , .--_ ...... -_.

t -- ... -~-- .. -~- .. -r-- ;,IJj ~ ~

. ~, .,.. ....... : --..:-.--

\ .~ .... _- .. --- .... - ... - .. - I .

1 __ .... - ... ~ ... -, I.,:IW I.:I~

t I ..,1J~' ~ I

~ 'I ~ .. _- ... - .. --J.--.-

~--- .. --- .... ~-- ..... -- ... -~ ;'..,:iW ~ ~

1 ~p ~ ~~, ~ ..... __ .. ~ .. - ..

\ • __ \--- I

---.-----~ ,,~,

~ I;'.U~ 'L ;,.1,- ~ u •

~ ,
: OPIC 4~ Where is it?

TOPIC 5

Key Words

~ kabeer big J.:!~ Taweel tall/long
~;.<') Sagheer small J! . 09 qaSeer short
~J.i qadeem old J u ghaalee expenstve
,
J,.J J,.:rrr. Jadeed ,-,"! ;. J rakheeS . .
new inexpensive
M •
I J..?Io Jlddan very Can you remember?

Cover the Key Words panel on this page. Then see if you can write out the pronunciation and meaning of the words below, as in the example.

M

,J!,og q ,

J.:!jl= T I

~u. g e _

~i {<') 5 r

~ k r _

~~ q m

.lo:!J..?Io j d

-----

IJ..?Io j n

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

ADJECTIVES

guage Foe s

Descriptive words" or adjectives, come after the word they are describing. If the noun being described is feminine, the adjective will also have the feminine ;; -a ending:

~ ~ bayt kabeer (a) big house (rnasc.] ~J.:~ ~ JI~ sayyaara Jadeeda (a) new car [fem.]

If you want to say the big house, etc., then both the noun and the adjective need to start with JI al-:

~I U-:HJI al-bayt al-kabeer the big house

~J..:!~I ~ J~I as-sayyaara al-Jadeeda the new cor

<:> Note that when only the noun has JI al- then the meaning changes. By putting a definite noun (with JI al-) followed by an indefinite adjective (without JI al-), a sentence is created meaning The house is big, etc:

.~ ~I al.bayt kabeer. The house is big . . ~J.:~ ~I al .. kanaba Jadeeda. The sofa is new .

. ~ J <il..J:a.J1 ash-shaay rakheeS. The tea is inexpensive. ::==;'_d ..

o 0 I~ jiddan (very) comes after the adjective;

I..l-?' ~ ~.;S kursee Sagheer jlddan (a) very small choir .I..l-?' ~Ji ~~I al·kitaab qacleem Jiddan. The book is very old.

o Note the unusual ending of .Jli (expensive), formally pronounced ghaalin, but more commonly pronounced ghaalee. The feminine is ~li. (ghaalya).

~u. ~ qalam ghaalee (an) expensive pen

~u. ~J~ sayyaara ghaalya (an) expensive cor

TOPICS: What's it like?

ACTIVITIES

What does it mean?

Match the Arabic with the pictures. Then read the Arabic out loud and write the English next to each, as in the example.

~-

I ..... _

- . ...

-I ' ,~.-__ _ I_

I $500,000 I

/ '

~

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

~; ,0 y.lS ....!..(a....!:.)_s_m_a_lI_d~og""- _

.

,J t,.' t,.D ..:"..a..a

.. .. .

ACTIVITIES

Her name is Amira Zidan. She's from Amman in Jordan.

o

sten and check

n to the conversation at the car rental pany and decide if these sentences are or false.

True False The conversation takes place in the evening. 0 0

The woman wants to rent a car. 0

She thinks the Mercedes is very expensive. 0

She thinks the Fiat is too big.

She likes the Peugot.

scramble the sentences
k at the scrambled sentences
and write the correct order. 0 b ~ (il
Example: •
r~ ~I OJ~ J.:!JI

0 0 0 I~~ 0 o~il
<
J.:!JI IJ.? - 3 ~I 1
oJ


u 0 0 0 I 0 0 ~~I
~u. •
oJ~1 4 u.o wi 2
M TOPIC 5: What's it like?

OSSESSION

language Focus

o G 0 0 0 You already know the Arabic pronouns ana/ante (anti)/huwa/hiya (I/you/he/she) and the possessive endings -ee/-ak( .. ik) (my/your). Now here are the other pronouns and possessive endings:

possessive ending

IF -ee: ~I Ismee my name

0!1. oak: ~ qalamak your (rnasc.) pen .!l.. -ik: ..:J~ baladik your (tem.) country <\.. -uh: <l.!US kHaabuh his book

4- -ha.a: LAj:!J""'I sareerhaa her bed u.. -naa: ~ baytnaa our house

r-s- -kum: ~~ ghurafkum your (pl.) rooms i""&- -hum: ~~ buyoothum their houses

pronoun
L:ai ana
you (rnasc.) u,:.i anta
you (fem.) u,:.i a.ntl
he JA huwa
she ~ hiya
we ~ naHnu
you (pl.) .
~I antum
they ~ hum o 0 0 0 Notice that there are three ways of saying you and your depending on whether you are talking to a male (~i anta), a female (~i anti) or a group (~i antum).

o 0 0 You can combine the possessive endings with the word ~ linda (with/at) to express the meaning of "having" something:

. .iJ.:!J...?o .i,)~ L.:a~ 'Indanaa sayyaara Jadeeda. We have a new car.

.u~ ~ ~ j)~ ~ sameer 'induh bayt fee lundun. Sameer has a house in London.

o 0 The final a is removed from ~ 'inda when c.F -ee, I!l. -ak/-ik, or <L -uh are added:

.~ ~ I.j~ 'Indee kalb kabeer. f have a big dog. ~~ I!J~ JA hal 'indak qalam? Do you have a pen?

o Now you can take part in a conversation with the car rental

(9 company. Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

000®®0®00®0®®0000®00®

C.:~ .. NU4f. .

• -Jf)

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

y Words

~ Jamee.

~ sha'r

beautiful

hair

~ qabeeH

head

ugly

~ sameen

fat

~

~I anf

nose

~J rafee'

~ fam

mouth

thin

~~ ghareeb

J.:!j THay.

tail

strange

o

By now you're probably feeling much more confident about reading

O and speaking Arabic. Maybe you'd like to try writing the script for e yourself. If so, make sure you get hold of a guide to handwriting

6) the Arabic script or ask a native speaker to show you. It's not

o a/ways obvious how to form the letters or how to join them by

o looking at the printed script.

000000000000000000000000

TOPIC 5: Whafs it like?

Which word?

Circle the correct word to match the translation, as in the example.

head

uU

. .

li 1 ..)

s tro n 9 e a.i"".t. J u. ~ $ ~ ..) 2

mouth ~

UU 4

..

tail ~

uU

. .

beautiful ~ ~ I~ J.:!~ 7

•

nose ~~I

~i 8

thin u-J$ ~~ ~..) ~..) 9

ugly ~ ~~ ~ ~ 10

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

t the pet show

you use the words in the box to complete the description these pets?

1j,J) 3

IJ.? 2

cibi.J16

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

ACTIVITIES

What does it look like?

What does the alien look like? Make as many sentences as you can describing what this creature looks like.

We've included a checklist of features you could describe and adjectives you could use.

Example: .~~j~~

huwa sameen wa-famuh 5agheer. He's fat and his mouth is small.

TOPIC 5: Whafs it like?

~ beautiful ~ ugly ~fat ~J thin ~ big

~. cO small

J..:!J-L= tall/long

J!' oi short

~~ strange I~ very

~ hair

~

~IJ head

~

~I nose

~ mouth J.:!j tail

at do you have?

(1\ Cut out the picture cards from Game Card 5 and put them in a bag.

(2) Cut out set 2 adjective cards and put them in a different bag.

tJ) Pull out one card from each bag without looking.

Make a sentence to match the cards you have chosen, for example:

. ~J.i ,_,.:i~ t,j.w.

'Indee kumbiyootir qadeem. (I have an old computer.)

Don't forget to make the adjective feminine if the noun is feminine:

. .;~~ ';.;4w tJ.w.

'indee sayyaara jadeeda. (I have a new car.)

Keep playing until all the cards have been chosen.

~ You can put the cards back in the bag and start again - each time the sentences will be different.

\ ~e; CAf(C e 1;J.1I. ~ SJ) ~.r.CW'.u:

- ........ _ ...... _ ... r ....... -- ..... -'-'" - --_ .. -~- ...... -.'" __ ..

- • I r.., . .

l "n;:~~ 4~ '~

I------!- .. ~ ..... --- _ .. + --~- ......... ~- -_ ....... -- ~

· , rrl' .

\ ~: .J _J •••••.

- ..... -p-----~ .. -~....: r ~ t:J

\ ._:":._..L.- ... -.J .... _LL-~ .... \

~~;.:~:r:·-::.--T·--~-·T-·;···

..,...p.. I ,

..... - ... ~ -_ .. -~- ......... - ... +-- _ ... - .. -""':~ -_ .... --_ ..

I ~. ".,...._i 1""-

1 ... ::: .. " ~ .. --." _ ~_ .. - ... - ~- - -" --"1

~ : *" : ~ 1 ~J

I __ ~ .,.I_ oJ • •

TOPIC 5: What's it like?

Key Words

J l..b.4 maTaar (pI. -aat)

airport

4i!~ Hadeeqa park (pI. Hadaa'iq)

"

~JJ,.4 madrasa school

(pI. madaarls)

.~ jisr (pl. jusoor)

bridge

J~ funduq (pI. fanaadlq)

hotel

t: J w:a shaari' (pI. shawaarl')

street

~ bank

.

bank

~I tJL.1 shaarl' al-malik

Malik (King) Street

(pI. bunook)

r""' b A maT'am (pI. maTaa'lm)

restaurant

~, ; A matHaf museum

(pI. mataaHIf)

'"

4 b, a maHana station

(pl. -aat)

~

~ ... LJ.:! I ayna ... ?

where's ... ?

e

@ You are new in town and are asking an

o Arabic-speaking friend about the facilities.

(9 Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

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TOPIC 6: How do • get there?

guage

ocus

o Modern Arabic has many loan words imported from other languages, particularly English. You have already met some, such as.ji~ kumbiyootir, u~ tilifoon, ~ bank, and ~..,J..u... sandawitsh. Other examples of words you will recognize easily are Y-..lI.) raadyo (radio), y-~ feedyo (video), 'ifi. kola (cola), and ~\.j taaksee (taxI).

O In an attempt to minimize foreign influence on the language, "purer" Arabic alternatives have developed for most of these words, for example, ._j~ maSraf for bank (literally "place for changing [money]"), ~~ uf aala Haasiba ("calculating instrument") for computer, and o..l'7"i o).~ ... sayyaarat ujra ("car for rent") for taxi. These alternatives are sometimes used in more formal language.

estions and answers

h the questions with their answers, as in the example.

~

~Jff1? It ~I

0" •

~;~'11 J~ 0-:!1

OPIC 6: How do I get there?

Key Words

~u taksee taxi ;".,.:a~ Taa'ira aeroplane
(pl. -yaat) (pI. -aat)
~
'-""":H~ I otobees bus ySjA markib boat
(pl. -aat) (pI. maraaklb) ..)l.J:d qlTaar

41..)J darraaja

train

bicycle

(pl. -aat)

(pI. -aat)

Language Focus

0) 0 0 0 0 To express how you travel, use ~ bi- (by/with) + means of transportation . ..I bi- is written joined to the following word.

e 0 e 0 When talking in general, Arabic tends to use the definite _II al-, When combi with ~ bi- the combination becomes J~ bil- with the "[" assimilating if the following word starts with a sun letter (see page 34):

..,1..bi.J4 bil-qlTaar by train ~~"14 bll-otobees by bus

~..,..r4 bil-marklb by boat ~ ,.,:alb.l4 biT-Taatira by aeroplane

~UJ4 bit-taksee by taxi 41..,.l-l4 bid-darraaja by bicycle

TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

ACTIVITIES

ord Square

you find the 7 different means of transportation in the word square? out the meaning for the words you have found.

/"
4: .. l D
~ ..a (> J ..a .....,.,
· ..
J L .la ,;j .....=rrr.. s <> .J
....a
.
G
.. I . ...l:>
~ ..a ..a J ..a J
.. .
'" .....=rrr.. ....a ra u s J -4
· .. .
.. G ..
t ..a ~ J .....,., f' I ..a
.. I , .
"'- _.::.. :.
J J ..a .....,., -.t::I
· .
G
.. • L .b .. I
j) J ....a J ..a
s l .. :.
t: ..4 '" .....,., ..a ""'" car

nguage Focus

o The hamza (~), which appears on or under alif at the beginning of a word, can also be found in the middle of words, usually written on a sinna ("tooth"): ~. You pronounce the hamza as a breath between the two syllables.

00 Words you have met which include this spelling feature are:

~;al..b Taa'ira aeroplane

&I~ Hadaa'iq parks

~~Lo. maa'ida table

~l.i.::.. Haqaa'ib bags

~1J-4 mawaa'id tables

~1j..?J1 aI-jazaa'ir Algeria

TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

Key Words

!U'> 4. " ",_J excuse me! ~I~ on the right
law samaHt (fern: law samaHti) 'ala I·yameen
~
~. I . How do I get to ... ? J~I~ on the left
'U':! uA ...
... min ayna? 'ala I-yasaar
~ yameen right J~~ (go) straight ahead
'ala 1001
J~ yasaar left
~ L.:aA huna here
tJL.t JJI the first street
awwal shaari' ~ thumma then
L.t 'Lj the second street ill':' ~ after that
tJ t.T
thaanee shaari' ba'da THaalik e

(9 Ask for directions to places around town.

o Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

o 00000000000@00000

TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

guage

oeus

•

o As well as asking the question 'l0:!1 U.o ...••• min ayna? (literally ... from

where?), you'll need to understand basic directions. In addition to the phrases in the Key Words panel, you might also hear the instruction ... .b. khura ... (take ... ) used to give directions:

.W 0A ~u ~ khUTH taaksee min huna. Take a taxi from here.

.

.~t ~ tJL1 JJ' ~ khUIH awwal shaarl' 'ala .-yameen.

Take the first street on the right.

• 0 When talking to a female, add -ee to the end of the instruction - ,!.b. khuraee:

'J~' ~ t,JL1 ~lj I/~ khUTHee thaanee shaarl' 'ala I.yasaar. Take the second street on the left.

• 0 0 At, as in at the bridge, is .w. 'Inda which you already know from expressing possession:

.~I ~ ~~~I ~ khuTH al·otoobees 'inda I.Jlsr. Take the bus at the bridge.

d 9" i 0 II ~ J~I ~ t,JL1 JJi 1Jj,J:.

khuTHee awwal shaari' 'ala I·yasaar 'inda l-mat·Haf. Take (fem.) the first street on the left at the museum.

TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

Which way?

Make questions and answers, as in the example.

~~i UA .ih,aJl .u' 0 ... _,J law samaHt, al-maHaTTa min ayna?

Excuse me, how do I get to the station?

.

'J~I ~ tJw:. JJI ~

khura awwal shaari' 'ala I-yasaar

Take the first street on the left.

w?

•• •

~?

w

• •

TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

lllll~"'11 ?

~?

und town

is a plan of a small town with some landmarks shown.

g from You are here, try to give directions to the following places:

~_,s L;.us ~~I ~,,_:i'JI dh, A

the station Karim Hotel the park the bus station

example, your directions to the station could be something like this: ~ ~I ~ t,)LJ:. JJi ~ cl,Ij ~.j ~ UA Jjb ~

1 ()A ~_"i a h, AJI 'ala Tool min huna wa-ba"da THaalik khuTH awwal shaari' 'ala ""''IIDDn "inda I-bank. al-malHana qareeba min al-jisr.

straight ahead from here and after that take the first street on the right at the bank. The station is near bridge.

Cd

• •

I·' >1

., 111111111111

* You ore

here

TOPIC 6: How do 1 get there?

Unscramble the conversation

Can you put this conversation in the correct order?

.I.fo.t

ORDER:~e~ __

Did you also work out whether the person asking is male or female? Check your answer with the conversation on your audio CD.

TOPIC 6~ How do I get there?

Planning

(1\ Cut out the pictures of places around town from Game Card 6.

(2) Listen to the first set of directions for the bank on your audio CD.

fJ) Pause the CD and stick the picture of the bank in the correct place on the town map on your game card.

Listen to the next set of directions and stick down the appropriate picture.

Repeat for all the directions until you have all your pictures stuck down on the map.

Looking at the completed map, you could try to give directions to the various places yourself. For example:

. .)~I ~ t.)W:.. ~Lj .l..3t.

.~.)~I y:a4-! ~I ~ ~t khuTH thaanee shaari' 'ala I-yasaar.

ai-bank 'ala l-yameen bl-jaanib al-madrasa. (Take the second street on the left.

The bank ts on the right next to the school.)

~ 0\110 0 ~~tr:l) l
,jr;t ... ~·;
~ DB F=;l i11tfti
\ 0- ~ r-\
I.~
\ ~
I
[iJ
~.

\

I liJ
\ .J ~ ~
~~ 1.-----
L


+ I (iii TOPIC 6: How do I get there?

tOPIC 7

Key Words

~
4Jj zawJa wife . I akh brother
r
(pl. ikhwa)
. zawj husband
~JJ
Jil:, Tifl child
~ (pI. aTfaal)
~t umm mother
~ 6..:....1 ibna daughter
ut ab father .
. (pI. banaat)
0
u.:..1 ukht sister • 1 Ibn son
u-!
(pl. akhawaat) (pl. abnaa') e

Find a photograph album and point to your relatives

o and friends, saying who they are in Arabic.

o For example: .~i I~ haarua akhee. (This is my

o

<.9

brother.); .~l.u. 47-_,.;,_, ~.JL.. oi..t haarulhl saara

o wa-zawjhaa saamee. (This is Sarah and her husband

o Sammy.) Look back at page 48 if you want to revie the possessive endings.

o

000000@000000@0000

TOPIC 7: Who's this?

ACTI TIES

nguage Focus

You can use ~ "inda to talk about your family:

.

'~JLo. ~, t' I./~ 'indee akh ismuh maark.

I have a brother whose name is Mark (lit: " ... his name is Mark")

~Jlibi ~~ JA hal"lndak aTfaa.?

Do you have children?

The opposite is ~ ~ laysa "inda:

•

. tl LA~ ~.;~ sam_ra laysa 'Indahaa akh.

Sameero doesn't have D brother.

.u~ L.:a~ ~ laysa 'Indanaa banaat.

hat does it mean?

the Arabic to the pronunciation and the English, as in the example.

child ukht

•

~,

husband ab . ,
u-!
daughter ~
Tifl ul
.
·
father ibna ~I
mother ibn ~I
sister zawj 4jj
brother umm ~
wife akh [Jj
·
son zawja . I
C TOPIC 7: Who's this? .

•

o 0 0 ~I ~I Ibn aHmad

son + Ahmed = Ahmed's son

'L.u.)~1 ~4 baab al-madrasa

door + the schoot » [the] door of the school

language Focus

o 0 0 0 0 You know how to use possessive endings: ~ bintee my daughter; ~.Jj

zawjik your husband, etc. -

o ® 0 0 To express possession using a noun (the equivalent of the English's or of as in Ahmed's son or the door of the schoof), Arabic puts the two words directly together in the order possessed + possessor. This possessive construction is called ULot iOaafa (addition). The first noun in an iOaafa doesn't have the article JI ai, even if the meaning is definite:

.

uJSJl ~I anf al·kalb

nose + the dog = the dog's nose

o 0 When feminine nouns ending in taa marbooTa (6) are the first noun in an iOaafa or have a possessive ending, the taa marbooTa (6) is pronounced -at rather than -a. The taa marbooTa is spelt as a regular taa (...:i) when an ending is added:

~
~Jj ~J.J ~14Jj
zawja zawjatee zawjat aHmad
{a} wife my wife Ahmed's wife
~J..o ~J..o ~..l~J..o
madeena madeenathum madeenat dimashq
{a} city their city (the) city of Damascus o 0 Take note of ~'j ab (father) and t i akh (brother) which add an _,_ -00 when they are the first word in an iOaafa or have a possessive ending (except -ee):

~ .

~,J~ ~t aboo saara Sarah's father uJ-!1 aboona our father

o

Lt~1 akhoohaa her brother

TOPIC 7: Who's this?

AcnVITES

ily Tree

up eight sentences about this family, as in the example.

j 4jj ~ .i:u..j

a hiya zajwat aHmad. a is Ahmed's wife.

~

J,.°,I

J.:u · .. J

•

~,« 'jo:!

TOPIC 7: Whors this?

ACTI IT ES

Anwar's family

Listen to Anwar answering questions about his family. Circle the correct names on the family tree, as in the example.

~ o,)~
~ ~.
~
~LL c~
(2) uJ~
~ ~
~LL .
~, Questions and answers

Now read the questions on the right and then match them to the answers on the that Anwar gave, as in the example .

. ~~t.~~1 'uJ~ 0-A ui

•

~~I LA ,d~IJ

~ L.>-:! i 0-A u.:a i ~ul~i cl~ ~

.

.tllJ~ f~

."":'4JJ~i ~I

.UUJ ~ ~I

• M

TOPIC 7: Who's this?

anguage Focus

o 0 If you want to introduce someone, you can use .. .IlA haarua ... for males or ... e.lA haaTHihi... to introduce females:

.~JL1 ~'~lA haaTHihi ibnatee shaadya. This is my daughter, Shadya .

. 0 I~ Iwf"~.'i IlA haaTHa almee Safwaan. This is my brother, Safwaan.

Who's this? is 'i'e..iA l.ro / 'i'1l.A l.ro man haaTHa?/man haaTHihi1 And remember how to say pleased to meet you from topic 11:

.~~~,_,i furSa sa'eeda.

Pleased to meet you. (literally: "happy occasion")

. 0 0 So now we can put all that together in a short conversation:

.

. ~ 4 ~I ahlan yaa sameer. Hello Sameer .

.

~1.lA ~ .~~4 ~I ahlan yaa jaayln. man haaTHa?

Hello Jane. Who's this?

.

. clJLA ~I 1.lA haaTHa akhee maark. This is my brother, Mark .

. ~~ .L.o,_,i .clJu 4 ~j ahlan yaa maark. furSa saa'ida. Hello Mark. Pleased to meet you .

. ~ 4 .;~ ~."i furSa saa'ida yaa sameer. Pleased to meet you, Sameer .

. d-jt).NU.Ih.

~=~

36

o e

Now introduce your family. Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

00000000000000@0e0000~

TOPIC 7: Who's this?

Key Words

J,.:.,IJ waaHid one ~ sitta SIX
• l...jjl ithnaan two .t. ,! 'J sabia seven
U .
J.j~ thalaatha three ~W thamaanya eight
~
~.)I arba'a four .t. wi tls'a nine
M • khamsa five o~ 'ashara
41,,0' ten e 0 €I 0 0 Although westem figures are sometimes used in the Middle East, you will a see these Arabic numerals:

language Focus

o 0 0 0 A peculiarity of Arabic numbers is that the figures are written left to right, i. in the opposite direction to the rest of the script:

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

65 = '0

3947 = ~~ t V

10 = , •

TOPIC 7! Who's this?

ACTMflES

ow ma.ny?

~1''''h the numbers with the figures, as in the example.

~ r
uW1 , .
~ "
J,.:Ir.IJ "
~) ,
~ ..
~W ,.
.i:i~ '\
~~ V
~ t rabic sums
ircle the correct answer to these sums, as in the example.
.;~ ~ ~w ~ ~ ~ Qdj~ , l.jjl J,.:Ir.1J = dj~ + J,.:Ir.IJ 1
u
. , 2
.;~ ~ ~w ~ ~ ~ ~_,I .i:i~ uW1 J,.:Ir.1J = 'WI + ~,)I
u
-_ . . 3
.;~ ~ .L:aW ~ ~ ~ ~_,I dj~ uW1 J,.:Ir.IJ = ~.)I x 'WI
u
.;# ~ .L:aW ~ ~ ~ ~_,i dj~ uW1 J,.:Ir.IJ = dj~ + ~ 4
.;# ~ ~w ~ ~ ~ ~_,i dj~ -WI J,.:Ir.' J = dj~ - ~ 5
u
.;~ ~ ~w ~ ~ ~ ~) dj~ -WI J,.:Ir. 'J = dj~ + ~ 6
u
~w ~ ~ , ~.)I ~ 7
~~ ~ ~ ~_'I dj~ -WI J,.:Ir. 'J = -
u .
~w ~ ~ , .L:aW 8
.;~ ~ ~ ~_'I dj~ -WI J,.:Ir. 'J = uW1 +
u
.L:aW ~ , dj~ 9
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~_'I dj~ -WI J,.:Ir.IJ = x dj~
U
.;~ ~ ~W ~ ~ ~ ~_,i dj~ 0WI J,.:Ir. 'J = ~ - ~ 10
TOPIC 7: Who's this? anguage Focus

o 0 0 0 Arabic has a special dual form used only for talking about two things. Instead of using wW1 ithnaan (two) followed by a plural noun, a dual ending wi aan is added to the end of the singular noun:

Jt..ibi ~~ thalaathat aTfaal three children

u~ Tlftaan

two children

Tifl

(a) child

My family

Make sentences about your own family, using '!~ and c:?~ ~, for example: ·u~j I.J~ 'tndee ukhtaan. f have two sisters .

. Jt..ibi 'I~ ~ laysa 'lndee aTfaal. I don't have any children.

Look back at page 64 to remind yourself of the members of the family.

listen and speak

Now imagine you are with some of your family looking for the station and you meet an Arab friend.

Prepare carefully the information below you will need to take part in the conversetion. Then go to your audio CD and see how you get on introducing your family.

1 Think of two members of your family - one male and one female. For example, your

husband and your daughter; or your brother and your mother.

2 How would you introduce them and tell someone their names in Arabic? 3 How do you ask How do I get to the station?

4 How do you say thank you and goodbye?

You can repeat the conversation, but this time use two different members of your family and ask how to get to the bus stop.

TOPIC 7: Who's this?

ngo!

(1\ Cut out the small number tokens and the bingo cards on Game Card 7.

(2) Find 16 buttons for each player or make 16 small blank pieces of card (to cover the squares on the bingo card).

Put the tokens into a bag and shake thoroughly.

Pull out a number token and say the number out loud in Arabic.

If you have that number on your card, cover the square with a button or blank piece of card. If you have more than one square with that number, you can only cover one.

~ Put the number token back in the bag and shake again.

\!) Repeat steps 3-6 until you have all the squares covered on the bingo card. Then you can shout: !u 1",5 kasabt! tl've won!)

-----

_--

'f , . 'I'" <
D 0 " v
0 A 0 ..
,. t V 'I" TOPIC 7: Who's this?

.TOPIC 8

Key Words

J~ Sayyaad

..

fisherman

(.)"'JJ,.4 mudarris (pl. -oon)

teacher

(pI. -oon)

u-llb TaaUb

c.>"'~ muhandis

student

engineer

(pl. Tullaab)

(pI. -oon)

u' ·b Tabeeb

....

Uo'o'oI~ muHaasib

.

doctor

accountant

(pl. aTlbbaa')

(pI. -oon)

t 4b Tabbaakh (pl. -oon)

cook/chef

~L..a saa'iq

driver

(pl. -oon)

ji4.4 mumaththil

~~ muwaZZaf

employee

actor

(pI. -oon)

(pI. -oon)

CD o

o If your occupation or those of your family aren't list

o here, try to find out what they are in Arabic.

000OO0000000@900000

TOPICS: What do you do?

hat does it mean?

the Arabic to the pronunciation and the English, as in the example.

employee Sayyaad ~
. ~ .
accountant muhandis u.Jl.b
.
actor labeeb ~~
driver mudarris ....iJQ,jA
fisherman muHaaslb (,,)IoIJ~
engineer laalib (,,)IoI~
doctor saa'lq .l4--0
cook/chef mumaththll ~~
teacher labbaakh ji4A
student muwaZZaf .~
C· The tools of the trade

atch the jobs to the tools of the trade, as in the example.

u' 'h

. .. .

~fol ~I

"Ub C·

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

Language Focus

<:) 0 G) CD 0 If you want to refer to a female profession, you need to add s -a:

(Jo'I.)~mUdarris male teacher-« 4.......)..l.o m.udarrisa female teacher ~ Tabeeb mole tioctor-« 4.u.b.Tabeeba female doctor

-" .... ·111 ._ ..

CD 0 €I 0 Many professions can be made plural by adding the ending w -00'0. The -oon ending is one of only two regul.ar plurals, the other being-aat (see page 40). -oon is used only to refer to groups of people and is common when describing professions and nationalities ..

~ J-6 muwaZZaf emptoyee-« u~ J-6

muwaZZafoo.n. employees

t 4b.Tabbaakh cook .....

• '!....a.»

U~ •

Tabbaakhoon cooks

. .

~...rl amreelf88 Amerkxm-« U~..rl

o 0 0 The-aat plural ending is used to describe a group of only females: ..;:..I_iloy muwaZZafaat (female employees), ..;:..L:..4b Tabbaakhaat (female cooks).

o 0 To ask someone about their job you can use the question ~ ~ La

maa !amalak?, or maa 'amalik? for a female (literally what your work?) .

. U""'.) J,4 U j ~ cl.I..4s. l.4 maa 'amalak? ana mudarris.

What do you (masculine) do? I'm a teacher.

- .

. ~G....aul ~ cl.I..4s. l.4

~ - - --

maa'amalik?anamuHaasiba.

What do you {feminine} do? I'm an accountant.

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

ACTIVITIES -

6NU.il:r.

~ ~ \

ten and note ~ ~

to two people telling you about themselves fill in the details in English on the forms below.

.................. ~~~ ~ ~ .

Family name: ... · .. ···· .... ·············

••••••••••••• 4 ••• ·~ •

Nationality' _ ..

First name'

Name of spouse: -............................................ . - - _.

I Family name'

• ·~·'h .

.... 4.. . .

No. of children' -.................. , ..

Nationality; .

•• , ••••••••••• B ,,~, ••• ~ •• ~..... ·"4' .4~~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••

Occupation: . .

l=~-----------J Name of spouse:

...............

M· y'am ........

I r ..

First name' .

. .

No. of children:

........

•••• •••• hh .... ~ ••••••••••• ....................

OCcupation: "'_'

··•···••••••·••••• •••• h .•

...................................

our turn to speak

Now you give same information about yourself. Follow the prompts on your audio CD.

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

ACTIVITIES

What's the answer?

Match the questions to the answers. For example: a6

Which word?

Write the correct number of the word in the box to complete the description, as in the example.

l,j~ 5 4 .. Hpi 4 ~I 3

&4 l,ji . 2

~Jj.---

0-!1 ~j ~J-?Io _

___ ~I

TOPICS: What do you do?

PLACES OF WORK

y Words

-----------------------------------------------------,'~~

t ',! 0, 40 maSna' factory ._, is Q maktab office

(pI. maSaanl')

(pI. makaatlb)

. . ..

~!;aI..l"J.Q mustashfa hospital

(pl. -yaat)

~~ jaami'a (pI. Jaam"aat)

college/

university

anguage Focus

o 0 0 To describe where you work or who you work for, you can say ... ~ ~i ~i ana a'mal fee ... (I work in ... ):

~ maHall (pI. -aat)

store

ciS ~ sharika (pl. -aat)

company/ business

c~ masraH (pI. masaarlH)

theatre

Look back as well at the Key Words on page 54 for other places of work.

.,~ ,'0..4 u.J..i ~ 9,.i"'t"'A . ....i ~j wiJ ~ L:ai

.. _. ~ .:...r- ~- LJ" . - .

ana Tabeeb wa-ana a'mal fee mustashfa Sagheer qareeb

min baytee. I'm a doctor and I work in a small hospital near my house .

. ~~L.iJ1 r.} ~~ J.Sy1 r.} ~i wiJ 4w~ wi

ana muHaasiba wa-ana a'mal fee sharika kabeera fil-qaahira. I'm an accountant and I work in a large company in Cairo.

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

Word Square

Can you find the 8 different work places in the word square? Write out the meaning for the words you have found.

.b oJ ?' .£ .b -4 oJ ..i
..
. .. J
J is ..i """"" oJ """"" -4
.. e
.s I . ~
U'-I ~ oJ -4 J
.
/' .......
~ . ~
'" ....:Ito ..oJ t oJ ........0 -4
..
.. ~ ..
(J """"" J J -4 ?' I oJ
.. J
d... ~ u .s J -4 ........0
.
~
~ . L .b .. I
oJ oJ J oJ
.
t -4 '" ..u.I t J """" -4 factory

Now make sentences for each of the work places, as in the example:

·t '"o~ r.} ~i wi" ~~ wi

ana muhandis wa-ana a'mal fee maSna'.

I'm an engineer and I work in a factory.

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

at are they saying?

the people with what they are saying. For example: ld

e

\

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

ACTIVITIES

listen and speak

Imagine you are a chef. You're meeting someone for the first time and they are asking you about yourself.

Prepare carefully the information below you will need to take part in the conversation .. Then go to your audio CD and see how you get on talking about yourself.

1 Your name is Ali AI-Halabee (~I ~).

2 You're from Damascus.

3 You're a chef.

4 You work in a Lebanese restaurant in New York. S Your wife is a teacher in a big school.

6 You have three daughters.

Which word?

Now write the correct number of the word in the box to complete the description, as in the example.

• Ul::. 8 C·

~5

,,, It 7 I.j.

'" ;. "

___ ~I wi . ~ ~J ~ __ 7_ ~ wi

TOPIC 8: What do you do?

here do

work?

(1\ Tear out the work-place picture cards and profession word cards on Game Card 8.

{2J Turn the cards face down on a table, with the pictures on one end of the table and the words on the other.

Turn a word card and say... L.:ai ana ...

(I'm a ... ) as appropriate, not forgetting to add the feminine ending if you are female, e.g. ~,J~ wi/~,J~ wi ana mudarris/

ana mudarrisa (t'm a teacher).

Then turn a picture card. If the work-place picture matches the profession, say

... ~ ~i wi ana a'mal fi t" (I work in a/

an ... ), e.g. ~,J~ ~ ~I wi ana a'mal fee madrasa (I work in a school).

1) If you turn a matching picture and say both sentences correctly you get to 'keep the cards. If you don't, you must turn the cards face down and try again.

The winner is the one who collects the most cards.

o You can compete with a friend or challenge yourself against the dock.

(Review the vocabulary on pages 54, 56 and 74 before you play the game.)

PlofCWDn C:lI!r.~
;0; .... - ~ ... tL.,o.
_.....
.,.J. J.l- .... ,.
.-
.",..,. ~" ..... TOPIC 8: What do you do?

TEST YOURSELF

e 0 0 ® 0 This Test Yourself section reviews all the Arabic you have learnt in this programme. Have a, go at the a,ctivities.lf you find you have forgotten something, go back to the relevant topic(s) and look again at the Key Words and Language Focus panels,

May I have .... ?

Ask for the following, as in the example:

•

,1·11 ,";"9 ~ lIW, .l-I....,I / ~ I'll I .oj ~1iL-t. ~

mumkln shaay min fa.D.lak?/ureed shaay min faDlak.

"

~ ~

v

,

TEST YOURSELF

sten and check

n to Nour talking about herself and decide if following sentences are true or false.

Nour is Syrian.

She comes from a small town. She's a teacher.

She works in Kuwait.

Her husband is an engineer. She has five children.

hich word?

~
~ ~
I- ~
44
True False
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 write the correct number of the word in the box to mplete the description of Nour, as in the example.

0A4

J~i 3

~8

·..:.IWA.~

---~ .-'

Can you try and make up a similar description about yourself?

TEST YOURSE F

Read and check

Look at the picture and decide if the sentences are true or false. Look back at topics 4-6 if you are unsure of any of the words.

False True

o o o o o o

o o

o o o o o o o o o

.o~1 ~ ~ clw , .~\ y:a4-! 1S9'I!iflq~ .!Jw y .~I y:a~ ~J~ .!Jw ,., .tJWJ1 ~ ~ i!Jw t .o.,)~1 ~ ulJ~ ~w ~ = .o,)~1 ,,; ul,.,:aLb clw ~ '\ .oJ~1 ~~ o~ W ~UA V '~Jwl ~IJJ J,.a..Job ~ clw " . 9';-';'11011 ~L...i ~~ ~I \..1 ~UA ~

IJ 1 - • .,J

TEST YOURSELF

hat does it mean?

you remember these words? Join the words and write the unciation next to the Arabic, as in the example.

· abnaa'
children ~~I
husband ~
c .
sons . I
~
·
daughter 'I
t-
·
father ~I
·
mother ,-:,'
·
sister ~,
brother 4J,j
daughters Jl..il:,i
child tJ,j
wife o~l
·
brothers ul~1
son 4..:ul
sisters ~ ow do you say it?

ow see if you can say these in Arabic, as in the example.

My husband is a doctor. 5 My wife's name is Jocelyn.
~ , zawjee Tabeeb.
• ,M' r.j,) 6 Her brother is an actor.
I have four children.
His son is an engineer. 7 I don't have any sisters.
Sameer's mother is from Saudi. 8 I have three daughters. TEST YOURSELF

At the tourist office

Finally, you are going to test your new Arabic conversational skills by joining in the dialogue on your audio CD.

You're going to ask for some information at a tourist information office. To prepare, first see if you can remember these words and phrases. Write the English next to the Arabic, as in the example.

~~I tA _go=o=d=b.r.;:ye~ _

I~

~I~ J~I~ E,,,w:. -j ~j-l

~_",i ~

.

. I ~

Now follow the prompts on your audio CD. Don't worry if you don't manage everything the first time around. Just keep repeating it until you are fluent.

® 0 e 0 0 Congratulations on successfully completing this introductory Read and Speak Arabic programme. You have overcome the obstacle of learning an unfamiliar language and a different script. You should now have the confidence to enjoy using the Arabic you have learnt. You have also acquired a sound basis from which to expand your language skills in whichever direction you choose. Good luck!

, THE ARABIC SCRIPT

This Reference section gives an overview of the Arabic script and pronunciation. You can use it to refer to as you work your way through the Read and Speak Arabic programme. Don't expect to take it all in from the beginning. Read and Speak Arabic is designed to build your confidence step by step as you progress through the topics. The details will start to fall into place gradually as you become more familiar with the Arabic script and language.

e Arabic script

o 0 The Arabic script is written from right to left, i.e. the opposite direction to English.

The alphabet has 28 letters, no capitals, and - unlike English - words are generally spelt as they sound.

o 0 The letters in an Arabic word are "joined up" - you cannot "print" a word as you can in English. When the letters join to other letters they change their shape. The most common change is that letters lose their "tails" when joined to a following letter (on the right):

J.i=J+~

read this way ...,_--

~-~+r"

~=~+U'-I

o ..!ie,",&s,-,~ l,ct't\..lp.Jt.9'fS,>;' !:It'I~ ,tiJAiJ ..st'rtrre ·"..s,th~£..lhav,-,""a l~, rtoJ~;tjqL .... '1...mf"~~TiL<Jru?rI:11a'! and a final form. For example, the letter [: (jeem) changes like this:

[irus! (or rne end) (_

A few letters, such as ~ (haa) and ~ (kaaf), change their shapes more radically. In addition, six letters - J (waw) , I (alif), _l (daal), ~ (raaal), .) (raa), and j (zay) - only join to the letter before and never to the letter following and so hardly change shape at all.

You will find details of how the individual letters change their shape in the alphabet table on page 90.

R fERE CE

The Arabic alphabet
0 0 (9 e 0 The table below shows all the Arabic letters in the three positions, with the Arabic
letter name, followed by the sound. Remember that this is just for reference and
you shouldn't expect to take it all in at once. If you know the basic principles of how
the Arabic script works, you will slowly come to recognize the individual letters.
initial: medial: final: initia.l: medial: final: initial: medial: final;
aUF a/ufl/aa zaa z J J J qaaf q _j ...i. ~
baa b ~ .....I.... '-' seen 5 ....... ..-... o- kaaf k .s .s, ~
taa t ..::... sheen sh ,_ laam(2J I J J... J
--l .....I.... ....... .......... f...)'J
thaa th .J ...i... ~ Saad s ~ - ~ meem m .-4 -4.. f"
jaa j Daad D . . . noon n --l -'-
....:::0. ....:::0..... (: ~ .....::::.. ~ u
Haa H ....:::0. ....:::0..... ( Taa T ..b ...h ..b haa h ~ +- 4./0
khaa kh ....:.. ....:::0..... t Zaa z .1; ~ J.:, waaw w/oo .J J- .J
daal d ,J ,J ,J 'ayn ' ...L ~ ctt: yaa y/ee ~ + I..S
Tlolaal 1M ,J ,J ...I ghayn gh ...L ..i. "c:/t
raa r J J J faa f _j) -L ._j (1) When IIIif begins a word it is usually written with a ha'nza sign.i!.blM. (i J if the word starts wftll a or u; or ~ ( t I if the word starts with i A madda sign is written above ( I ) if the word starts with a long aa.

(2) Note the special COmbination when a/if is wTitten after Iaam.: ':I.

G CD 0 0 In written Arabic, the three short vowels (a, i, u) and a sign showing a letter is doubled are not normally included as part of the main script. They can be written as symbols above or below the letter. The short a as a dash above the letter, the short i as a dash below, the short u as a comma-shape above. The doubled letter symbol (shadd a) can be written as a small "w" shape above the letter. Here are some example of Arabic words including these symbols:

u L.:iS kitaab book

~ majalla magazine

.. ..

~Wa shubbaak window

.

~ kalb dog

PH NUNCIATIO

o 0 However, most written material omits these symbols making it important for you to be able to recognize a word without them. In this book we have not included the vowel and doubling symbols, but the pronunciation guide will show you how to say the word. You will find it more useful to be able to read the Arabic script without the symbols from the beginning as then you can recognize simple notices, advertisements and signs more easily.

ronunciation

o 0 e The pronunciation of Arabic varies depending on the region and the level of formality. We have steered a middle course, using a friendly standard pronunciation. We have avoided both colloquialisms and the finer grammatical embellishments of "high Arabic".

o 0 Many Arabic letters are pronounced in a similar way to their English equivalents.

Some are less familiar. Pay special attention to these letters:

~ (Saad); u-O (Daad); emphatic letters, pronounced with the tongue on the roof .b (Taa); .10 (Zaa) of the mouth rather than up against the teeth - written

with a capital letter in the pronunciation to distinguish them from their non-emphatic equivalents

C (Haa)

pronounced as a breathy "n" - written with a capital in the pronunciation to distinguish it from the regular "h",

pronounced like the "en" in the Scottish "loch"

the sound most often associated with Arabic, and the most difficult to produce: a sort of guttural "ah"-sound

pronounced like the French throaty "r"

~ (thaa) is a soft "tn" as in "thin" and ,j (ruaal) is a hard "tn" as in "that"

t (khaa) t (Iayn)

i: (ghayn)

~ (thaa); j (THaal)

j:. (hamza)

a strange uhalf letter". Not really pronounced at all, but has the effect of cutting short the previous letter

a version of (taa) that only appears at the end of words and is pronounced a or at.

;; (taa marbooTa)

You will find an introduction to the sounds of Arabic on track 1 of your audio.

Topic 1 Page 6

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 5.

Page 8: What are they saying?

Page 8: What do you hear? You should have ticked boxes 2 and 5.

Page 10: What does it mean? ld, 2f,3e, 4a, 5b,6c

Page 10: Which word?

Ilcl..o....l 3

.~I _--,2=-_ ,_~5~_ r-L....... .)!..Ai 1 wi

_---=4r.....__ ~I

Page 11: What are their names?

Jane t:Hl_;J.

Suzanne ul~

Nancy ~L.:a Mark cl."t.4 Mary i/,)u

Tony ~~ Lucy ~,,_J Sam r"l.......!

Page 12: In or out?

IN: Mark, Zayna, Sameer, Sam, Charles, Yoosef OUT: Harry, Lucy, Fatima, Jane

Page 18: Where are they from?

~~ ..rjJ

~~j ------ ~Li\

Topic 2

Page 15: Where are the countries?

5 ~ 8 4.II~i 3 ,~,)~! 2 ~j4j

1 I~ 4 ~1..b.:!..H 6 4J~ 7 ~I~I

Page 16: How do you say it?

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 14.

PagelS: Where are the cities? .4J"...... ~~.l dimashq fee soorlya . .loW,)':!! ,.j~.l dublin fee eerlanda •

. ~l.b...-..H ,.j u~ lundun fee biriTaanya . .I~ ,.j ,.,.:u ~ torunto fee kanada .

. ~ ,.j ';~LiJI al-qaahlra fee mlSr .

. L.S..._ri ,.j ~IJ waashlnYun fee amreeka .

. L.S..._ri ~ clJJ-:! ~ nyoo yoork fee amreeka. .4JI~i ,.j ~~ sldn .. f •• usturalya.

Page 17: Audio track 8

Yoosef: Cairo in Egypt; Lucy: Oxford near London; Sameer:

Baghdad in Iraq; Harry: Toronto In Canada; Fatima:

Damascus in Syria; Suzanne: Princeton near New York.

Page 20: Who's from where?

1 .~ i r,j clJJ-:! ~ (.).4 "'" ~ ~ i 0-" "'"

huwa min ayna? huwamln nyoo yoorkfee amreeka.

2 .~ r,j ';~LiJ' (.).4 ~ ~~i ~ ~

hlya min ayna? hiya min al-qaahira fee miSr.

3 .4-1 I _,:i.w i ...,i ~~ (.).4 "'" ~~ i (.).4 "'"

huwa min ayna? huwa min sidnee fee usturalya.

4 .I~ r,j ,.,.:uJj.:i (.).4 ~ ~~i ~ ~

hlya min ayna? hiya min torunto fee kanada.

ANSWERS

~I ~ .I1~ LJ.A .jA ~V:!i LJ.A jA

a min ayna? huwa min baghdaad fil-'iraaq.

. !.H 1 t.} 0-4.1 LJ.A jA ~ V:! i LJ.A jA

a min ayna? huwa min dub"n fee earlanda.

~Lh:!..H t.} u.w LJ.A ~ ~ 0-:! 1 LJ.A ~

lIIya min ayna? hiya min lundun fee biriTaanya .

. L..a..»'-" t.} ~.l LJ.A jA ~0-:!i LJ.A jA

lluwa min ayna? huwa min dimashq fea sooriya.

21: Usten and Check

21: What does it mean?

I'm from Egypt

Helio,

Page 22: What does it mean?

My name's Zayna .. ol.:...._j ~I My name's Louise •. ~_,J ~I

Whers's he from? ~0-:!i cJ.o ,.,. I'm from Canada • .I~ 0'" ui

He's from London. 'u~ cJ.o JA Munir is from Egypt. ,~ cJ.o ~

She's from America. ,~.>'"i cJ.o ~

What's your name? ~.:l.G....1 La

Topic 3 Page 25

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 24.

Page 26:

Word Square bag, book, pen, chair, door, sofa, telephone, window

iZ -! ..1. .... .t -! ""':! .i ~ ~
.... L ~ s) ~ j: ..i; J
?' ~ -! .:. s C. j ..J.;
v -;>0 ""':! ?' J ..i ~ L ~
t .:; iZ J .... ?' L .:;
.:. j -! .:I L -! ~ ....c.
....
-1 u J .ol ~ J ~ r s
-1"" .... S): ~\ L -! )
IS .; ~ ANSWERS

Page 26: Odd One Out

~L.i U;;:&) u'j"..... * ~ ~ ,--:,4 * ~.;5 * .;~u t~l.w.4) ~ * '--:'us * ~ d1rll * lS:ri ~ ~

~~I ~ * ~it:~) ~I c4..0

Page 28: What's this? le, 2b 3f, 4c, 5h, 6d, 7a, sg

Page 30: Who orders what?

Customer 1: coffee & falafel; Customer 2: tea & sandwich; Customer 3: tea & pancake; Customer 4: sandwich & cake; Customer 5: tea & falafel

Page 31: Unscramble the conversation

g, b, e c, f, h, d, a

Topic 4

Page 35: What does it mean?

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 34.

Page 35: What can you see?

._,..JSU .iJ.:,j~
t:..... .!I4..1. [g'
.;
~O UJill
r-J"" [!!I ~'-!O
;;,,_,.... ~ 4.!i.:..~
4~ w-.a..)4U U
~us; f!1 ~~~
"';4ou 0 ~ [!i>
~O ~rg
I> .... La l!! .r'fo[!3 Page 37: Which word?

1 ~ui ; 2 ~ ; 3 JJi ; 4 ~ ; 5 y:a4--! ; 6 ~ ; 7 ~IJJ ; s t.}

Page 39: Where are the mice There are many possible sentences.

If you can, check yours with a native speaker.

Page 41: True or False?

1 True; 2 True; 3 True; 4 False; 5 True; 6 True; 7 False; 8 False; 9 False; 10 True

Topic 5

Page 44: Can you remember?

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 44.

Page 46: What does it mean?

.> ~ .>."..a (a) small ooffee

~l.i. .>~ (an) expensive picture

. uJS (a) small dog

~.

(a) new sofa

. (a) small house (a) very old car (a) big sandwich very tall trees

~~ IJ.?o ~.li ;;J~

~~_J~ I~ J:!~.~

Page 47: Listen and check

1 False; 2 True; 3 True; 4 False; 5 True; 6 True; 7 False

Page 47: Unscramble the sentences

1 (reading the boxes left to tight) c, a" b; 2 b, a, c; 3 c, a,d, b; 4 a, b, c,d

Page 50: Which word?

1 ,-"",i,) ; 2 ~$ ; 3 ~ ; 4 ~ ; S J:!,j ; 6 ~ ; 7 ~ ; 8 ._j.ji ; 9 ~.) ; 10 ~

Page 51: At the pet show

. ~" ~ _l_j 1..I-?"_4_ 4-4j.~ _Q__ ",jA, ! _.2_ ~ 4.i.i1" _5_ ~j .~~" ~ y-KJI _3_

Page 52: What does it look like? There are many possible sentences.

If you can, check yours with a native speaker.

Topic 6

Page 55: Questions and answers

.~I . L.i ~~I ~~I G-:!i

.~~.~ Page 57: Word Square

car, boat, taxi, aeroplane, bicycle, bus, train

I ,V" -! :( ~ .) L ~ ... D
I\....L L lo ..l..J .-;a. J ...:. J
-c V" ~ -! J .:; f' j .JO
~
5 -.....
II .-;a. -:! ~ ~ .) -"
t .:; [, J ... f' i ..
II'« I ~, ..:. .....0
~ .-;a. .) -!
~ .;, L J.."'" .:; i
I\._" J J
e =c II .... 5 l .:; ..... ..:. Page 60: Which way?

1 .~I ~ tJL..:. JJi ,j..:... ~0-:!i u-o .i.i:!~1 al-Hadeeqa min ayna? khUTH awwal shaarl' 'ala I-yamaen.

2 .J~ ~ ~0:!i u-o ~J}JI ~

maHanat al-otobees min ayna? 'ala Tool.

3 .~I ~ tJL..:. ~~ ~ ~0:!i u-o J~I

al-funduq min ayna? khUTH thaanae shaarl' 'ala I·yamaen.

4 . .)~I ~ tJL..:. ~~ ~ ~0-:!j u-o ~1

ai-bank min a.yna? khUTH thaanee ahaari' 'ala I.-yamaen.

S 'J I.bi.J I ,j..:... ~ 0-:! i u-o J l.1a.A.l1

al~maTaar min ayna? khUJH al-qiTaar.

6 .~~~I ~ ~0:!i u-o \ hjoli al-matHaf min ayoa? kh.UJH aI-otobees •

Page 61: Around town

These are model answers. Yours may vary slightly. Karim Hotel

.~t ~ i'""'...,s; ~~" J_,.b ~

'ala Tool wa funduq kareem 'ala I-yameen.

ANSWERS

park

~ tJt...::. J,l,l..;:. .!Uj ~j ~.u-- J_,b ~ ~4--! il:!~1 'ala Tool min huna wa ba'da khuTH awwal shaari' 'ala l-yasaar, al-Hadeeqa _ ... niih at-madrasa.

I ~ eJt...::. J,i ,l..;:. .!Uj ~j ~ u-- J_,b ~

I ~141 ~I ~I.J""':!-'y'jl ~ 'ala Tool min huna ba'da THaalik khuTH awwal shaari' 'ala I-yasaar.

_ .... '!T .. T al-otobees 'ala I-yameen amaam al-madrasa.

62: Unscramble the conversation

\

t

10 ..... irr~ I'r.trl

Page 65: What does it mean?

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 64.

Here are some possible sentences. Yours may vary. ~JL... ~i v" il.;_j zayna hiya umm saara.

--i,..u~ ~i ~ ~j zayna hiya umm yoosef.

~JL... ~i jA ~i aHmad huwa aboo saara_ ...J,....~ ~i jA ~i aHmad howa aboo yoosef.

~_jJ J.A.,:IroI ~I ...r- ';,;l., .. saara hiya ibnataHmad wa myna.

.'\':"'_jJ J.A.,:Iroj 0-!1 jA ....s...~ yoosef huwa ibn aHmad wa zayna. .';JL... ,.:..i jA .._i..,y' yoosef huwa akhoo saara.

. .._i..,~ ":"'='1 ,_r. oJL... saara hiya ukht yoosef.

.il.;_j ~jjjA ..w..;:a.i aHmad huwa zawJ zayna.

Page 68: Family Tree

Page 68: Questions and answers

.~L.... c::~ Lo--ol __'~----..",.:.::._ '':'J~ u-o 1..:.1 ·til,j.~'~ . ..,.~ .. _,,,:.i ..r-" . ..,.~ .. ......"._. ........... I . .:.I"....jl/~~.'i

Page 71: How many?

1"

....,.I.J

.u..ui -.:....

~w o.:;~

v

Page 71: Arabic sums

1 ~.i ; 2 .i.l..... . 3 ~W . 4 ~W . 5 1'>,,:, .

..." J .. ' .. ' 'II\""I~,

6 .u.......:i ; 7 ~ ; 8 ;;~ ; 9 .u.......:i ; 10 J;,.:Iro.I,j

Topic 8

Page 75: What does it mean?

Check your answers with the Key Words panel on page 74.

Page 75: The tools of the trade

I ~*' I 9- ~'>"\"", ~ I '" ~ n m#1 E~] '" 0

~~

Page 77: Usten and note

1 First name: Mariam; Family name: ai-Hajj; Nationality:

Moroccan; Spouse: Mustafa; Children: 3; Occupation: doctor

2 First name: Salim; Family name: Osman; Nationality:

Egyptian; Spouse: Manal; Children: 1; Occupation:

Chemistry teacher

Page 78: What does it mean?

a6, b5, 04, dl, e2, f3

Page 78: Which word? &0 ui . 2 ~~j.

uiJ Ij.)LA ~t

4 ..}'JJ+La

~I_-",-~ ~~ 3

1 ","""",,I

Page 80: Word Square

,~,,; ~i L,;,iJ t4loo ui

ana Tabbaakh wa·ana a'mal f •• maT'am.

"t./, .... ..; ~i L:.iJ Jj..... ui

ana mumaththll wa·ana a'mal f.e masraH.

'~J~ ..; ~i wi" <J"J~ t.:.i ana mudarrls wa.ana a'mal fee madra.sa.

,._,.s.,JA .,.k ~i L.<ij ~4-<> wi ana Sayyaad wa·ana a'mal

.10, -! " ~i" s: .10, ..... ~ , .J
J- >JL ..a . .. ~ J
..... ....
...,.: r- .. .s i .JO
~ ..... j
~ ~ -,! Fe e _; ...u:. ..... )
It'"_ ~ i" i _;
I\," .... J ~
i. J ,.- .s ~
-"" ~ J ...
~ _; 1 L .10, J .. i
I\,
t ..... ~ .... 1 .t_ J .... -" ) 'ala markib.

. ~ ..; ~i L:.iJ .,-L...o. ul

ana muHaasib wa-ana a'mal f_ bank •

. ~ ..;. ~i wlJ ...iJ,;_,... L:.i

ana muwaZZaf wa-ana a'mal f •• maktab.

, '.- . I-~i wi ......,....b L:.i

~~v- J ._.

ana Tab_b wa·a.na a'm.al f_ mustashfa.

Page 81: What are they saying? 1d, 2e,3b, 4c, 5a,6f

Page 82: Which word?

_3_ ~i ui . _.2_.,j';"'::"'~ l.>'> _L_ ~ wi ..; ~J.J-o ~Jj . .!Iw ~~ _5_ ..; ...JL ui . .uJJ-'..j,!oi ~~ _a.wliJ _,..:.... ';;JL...... : ~ .:,,)lJ _§_ .~I l.>'> ~..;-i _L_ ~J~

Test Yourself

Page 84: May I have ... ?

Use either _~ 0A ... us.- mumkin ... min faDlak. or .~ \J.4 ... ,l.I) ur_d ... min 'aDlak. with the following: ~" ~ v ~~, ~J+i ~ 'iJS I ,_,::,;""_"..u......,,, ..,...~ l Ji~

Page 85: Listen and check

1 True; 2 False; 3 True; 4 False; 5 False; 6 False

Page 85: Which word?

.4;"... ~ ....L ~~ ._,.b l.>'> _L . _a_ __1_ ~ .!lL:..il! ~ __§_ J ~J~I _.2_ ~J.w . .:.~ ,!,)lJJ 0-11 : __a_ ~.) u~ .~JJ,6.I1 ~ '-:""...}

Page 86: Read and check

1 True; 2 True; 3 False; 4 True; 5 False; 6 True; 7 True; 8 True; 9 False

Page 87: Read and check

childr~n Jw"i aTfaal husband ~Jj zawj sons ~~i abnaa' daughter ~I ibna rother ~i at)

mother 1'" umm sister.::..;..i ukht

broth~r ti akh daught~rs.:.~ banaat child J.iLo Tifl

wife 4Jj zawja brothers ~~! ikhwe

son 0-!1 Ibn

Page 87: How do you say it? 1.~ r."j zawjee Tabeeb.

2 .Jw"i .u...) rJ~ 'Indee arba'a aTtaal. 3 '<J"~ ~I ibnuh muhandis.

4 .~J~I l.>'> ~ 1'" umm sameer min as-sa'oodiyya. 5 -~~ ~Jj i"""" ism zawjatee "Joe.lyn".

6 -Ji.... ~i akh_ mumaththil.

7 _.:.I~i ,! . ..:.s. ~ laysa 'Ind •• akhawaat. 8 . .:.~ .:,,~ tl..:.s. 'Indee thalaath banaat •

Page 88: At the tourist office ..,........"..i bus ,-:",,_.i near ~ big ~ museum ~i where ~IC'--" good morning

GAME CARD

(see page 13)

Name cards:

- - - - - - - - r - '- - -- - -1- ,_ -

- - - ,- - - - - - - - .

I I I

I I I

i:u. .. ,J

---

- - - - a.. - - - - - - - -1- -

-

- - ...1- - - - - - __ .

I I I

I L.:i.u I I~ ,LA I

I ,J .. - I Iyf"" I

I I I

- - r - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - i- - - - - - - - ·

I -u I · ~ I

I ~ I U":!. I

I I I

----

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - -

I I

I

-_._--- -- ------- -------

Sentence-build cards:

~--- ----r-------

I I I

I I I

--- --_.

-------_.

- _, - - - _,_ - __ - - - - I

I I I

I I I

c. 4 '..0

-----

__ ~-----_--~--- --_...1-------_.

I I I

I d If.u ~'I I~ I

I I I

I I I

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _. - - - I

I I I

I I - I

I ,:J.a.' ul I A I. og ~ I

I I I

La

..

------- -~--------~-------~--------.

I I I

I I I

I I I

_________ L J ~ _

-~o

- - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - ~

I I I

Zayna

Fatima

I I I

I I I

Yoosef

Sameer

1 _

--~--------~--- ---~---------

I

I I I

i ' _

I

I I I

I

I I I

.. _-------

I

I I I

Mary

Harry

Sam

Jane

Peter

I
I Charles
I
I
-- - -- -----
I
I Mark
I
I
-- ---------
I Lucy
I Nancy

I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_ - - - -

Penny

I

I Suzanne I

I I I

Tony

________ L L ~ _

<;::,$Jo

- - - - - - - -r - - - - - - - -I - - - - - - -, - - ,_ - - _.. ~

morning

I I I

Mr.

_ - L- I

good

I I I I

thank 'You

- - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - -I

evening

I I I

please

I . I I my name IS I

I I

?

•

------..1---------

I I I I

I

I I I

-----------------

I

I I I your name I

I I

Miss

•

--------~-------~--------~---------

hello

I

I goodbye I

I I I

I I I

Mrs.

what's

________ L L J _

GAME CARD fj (see page 23)

F NISH

GAME CARD

Picture cards:

~----------

(see page 33)

---------

I I I I I I I I I

----- ----- -------

--------

--r

I

I I I I I I I

- -1-

r----------I

I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

-.,

I I I I I I I I I

-----------r---------~-- -------1

----

I I

--------.,

I I

I I I

I I

---,----

---

I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

•

I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

•