Professional Documents
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Treating Equipment
Version 1.1
JET Manual 01 Treating Equipment
InTouch Content ID# 4127821
Version: 1.1
Release Date: December 18, 2005
Owner: Well Services Training & Development, IPC
Schlumberger private
Document Control
Revision History
Rev Effective Date Description Prepared by
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 5
1.1 Learning objectives 5
1.2 Safety warning 5
2.0 Treating Equipment Functions 7
3.0 Low-Pressure Treating Equipment 9
3.1 Low-pressure hoses 9
3.1.1 Suction hoses 9
3.1.2 Discharge hoses 10
3.1.3 Care/ (maintenance) and handling 10
3.2 Low-pressure equipment 11
3.2.1 Unions 11
3.2.2 Caps 11
3.2.3 Butterfly valve 12
4.0 High-Pressure Treating Equipment 21
4.1 High-pressure iron 21
4.1.1 Treating iron limitations 21
4.2 Treating line and unions 22
4.2.1 Stand pipe 22
4.2.2 Unions 22
4.2.3 2-in loops 27
4.2.4 Chiksan swivel joint 28
4.2.5 Plug valve 36
4.2.6 Check valve 43
4.2.7 Cement head 49
4.3 Treating iron tips 51
4.4 High-pressure hoses 51
4.4.1 Coflexip 52
4.4.2 CemSTREAK 53
4.4.3 Parker Hannafin hose 53
4.5 Industry terminology 53
4.6 Identification 54
5.0 Do’s and Don’ts 55
5.1 Do 55
Schlumberger Well Services consist mainly in the system, the greater the danger. To
of pumping various types of fluids at a high minimize dangerous situations, follow all the
pressure into a client’s well. The ultimate goal Well Services-approved safety procedures.
is to pump these fluids safely and efficiently.
To accomplish this goal, Well Services
uses a variety of treating equipment.
Important:
This training is a general guideline
for dealing with treating equipment.
For more specific procedures, refer
to the Treating Equipment Manual.
| Introduction
2.0 Treating Equipment Functions
High-pressure equipment
Low-pressure equipment
Low-pressure equipment consists of various wire coil to prevent it from collapsing when
types of hoses, fittings, unions, and butterfly the pump sucks the fluid from the tank.
valves. These parts are required to connect to
low-pressure pumps, such as the centrifugal
pump.
Butterfly valve
Disharge hose
3.2.1 Unions
4-in FMC Weco unions are used in the suction
lines of Well Services units. They are usually
one of 2 types: metal to metal seal or with
an O-ring sealing at the male sub. Its acme
hread allows fast make up and break out.
Warning:
Never force a butterfly valve to
open or close. Using excessive
force results in damage or
breakage in the valve.
STEP 05 Remove the seat from the body. Step 03 Lightly but thoroughly lubricate the
The seat may have to be tapped lightly and seat and O-rings to facilitate assembly. Spread
evenly around the edge from one end. Be the lubricant on the inside diameter (ID) of the
careful not to damage the inside of the body. seat.
Screw
Handle
Retainer pin
Label here
Handle
O-ring
Upper stem
Release spring
Bolts
Handle release
Lock nuts
Retainer pin
Nuts
Body
Bolts
Seat
Retainer pin
Disk
Lower stem
O-ring
STEP 02 Place the seat in a vise with the STEP 04 Center the disc by inserting the
stem holes parallel to the vise jaws. upper and lower stems.
Warning:
Excessive pressure damages the
seat.
STEP 07 Remove the upper stem. STEP 10 Lubricate the upper and lower
stems. Place the third O-ring on the upper
STEP 08 Lubricate the body ID with silicon stem.
spray. Using the lower stem, lay the seat/disc
assembly on top of the body using a right angle
alignment fixture to align the stems.
STEP 12 Align the indicator groove on top STEP 14 Install the handle on the valve so
of the upper stem so that it is parallel with the that it aligns with the disc.
disc.
Note:
The upper stem is in the correct
position when the roll pinhole is
aligned with the groove in the stem. Figure 3-30. Attach Handle
Important:
Always make sure that the handle
is aligned with the disc to indicate
valve position.
Flow rate is the maximum acceptable flow (in 4-in treating pipe
3.75 in 10,000 psi 40
(primarily used in frac)
barrels per minute, bbl/min) that is set by Well
5-in treating pipe
Services for the various piping sizes used in (primarily used in frac)
4.89 in 5,500 psi 60
treating lines (see Table 4-1). The maximum
allowable rate is based on the velocity of
the fluid being pumped through the lines.
4.2.2 Unions
A union is the assembly that couples
Figure 4-2. Wear Graph the components of a treating line.
Lateral
Plug valve
4 Wing nut
Wing nut is the part of the complete union that
slips over the male half and screws onto the
female half. The wing nut is internally threaded
with a thread that matches with the union.
NPST connection
The 1502 Weco non-pressurized seal thread
union is a threaded connection where the
threads are screwed into the female and
male part of the unions and then machined-
off to become flush with the sealing
surface and to eliminate pressure on the
threads. The maximum working pressure
Figure 4-11. Segmented Male Half for NPST connection is 15,000 psi.
5 Retaining segments
Retaining segment is used to secure the wing
nut to the male half. When put together, the
three segment pieces form a 360-degree ring.
Union compatibility
Warning:
The male and female union halves
(Fig. 4-19) must be compatible
and of the same type to be used
together in a treating line. The most
common problem is using a 1502
wing nut on a 602/1002 thread half.
On a 2‑in union, the wing nut will
Figure 4-16. Types of Components separate from the thread half even
when it is used at a low pressure.
Important:
Standard 23 requires that all 2-in
1502 wing nuts stamped TEST to
be removed from service.
Adapters
Adapters are changeover connections from
one type of connection or union to another.
Flange connection
Flange connection is a common method of Figure 4-22. Flange Connection
connecting to a wellhead. There are a variety
of flanged configurations controlled by API
4.2.3 2-in loops
Standard 6A. All flanges used within Well
Services are designed and manufactured to Loops handle a range of fluids at a cold
API 6A requirements. All flanges are marked working pressure of up to 15,000 psi. Loops
in accordance with the requirements of Safety are mainly used in cement and acidizing lines.
Standard 23.
Warning:
Never use any type of swivel joint in
a bleed-off line.
STEP 01 Place the swivel joint in an STEP 04 Secure the female component
appropriate position so that the female portion in a vise with the ball plug holes positioned
of the joint is secure and the male portion is downward over a suitable container.
free to rotate.
STEP 05 Rotate the male component. Ball
STEP 02 Remove the ball plug snap rings bearings should drop out.
using Truarc pliers.
Note:
It may be necessary to thin
hardened lubricant with petroleum
solvent in order to remove the balls.
Warning:
Do not damage machined surfaces
when separating components.
Protect sealing surfaces at all
times.
Warning:
Replace all parts when visual,
ultrasonic, or other inspection
method indicates wall section
wearing or thinning in elbows or
straight sections. Such damage
severely reduces pressure and
structural capacity. See Safety Figure 4-41. Install New Packing in the Female Component
Standard 23 - Safety and Loss
Prevention.
STEP 02 Place the grease retainer or
Replace any parts that show O‑ring on the male component and position it
evidence of damage in the ball at the extreme end of the machined surface so
races packing seal surfaces or that it is clear of the female end when parts are
other areas. initially assembled.
Caution:
STEP 05 Sealing surfaces must be The lip on the grease retainer ID
completely smooth. Remove any minor must face away from the ball races
scratches or pitting by polishing with fine when installed.
abrasive or wire brush.
Warning:
Count the number of balls installed
in each race to ensure that only
the specified number is installed.
Incorrect number causes excessive
Figure 4-43. Install Female Component in Vise wear and reduces pressure and
structural capacity.
STEP 04 Insert the male component into
the female component.
STEP 07 Install the grease retainer or STEP 10 Lubricate the bearings as follows:
O‑ring into the groove of the female component
using a screwdriver. Ensure that the lip on the 1. Remove the lube fitting plug and install
retainer ID faces outward when installed. the grease fitting.
Note:
If necessary, hammer the plug out
by placing a punch through the
bottom hole of the valve’s body;
however, this may damage the
Figure 4-56. Remove Plug Cap plug.
Note:
If the valve has a threaded end,
fasten a large washer using the
plug cap nut to hold the body cap
wrench in place.
Note:
Do not soak the O-rings or seals in
solvents.
Figure 4-60. Remove Seal Segments 1. Grease the valve in the open position
until grease comes through the bore of
the valve.
Note:
2. Cycle the valve from the closed to the
If the seal segments must be pried
open position and then pump grease
loose, be careful not to score or
into the valve.
dent the cavity wall of the body.
3. If the valve is part of a manifold, grease
the valve with a moderate amount until
maximum grease pressure is attained,
STEP 06 Remove bad grease fittings and
then cycle the valve and re-grease.
worn out seals.
Important:
Note: Replace parts with sealing surfaces
Plug valve grease will become that cannot be smoothed out with
oxidized or contaminated during 400-grit sandpaper.
normal use. Re-greasing the valve
will not displace all old grease. The
valve must be disassembled to
completely remove old grease.
Note:
Apply firm pressure to the plug STEP 13 Install the O-ring on the body cap.
after aligning the plug chambers The O-ring should fit firmly in the body cap
and the seal segments. groove. Replace swelled or stretched O‑rings.
On 2-in DR150 valves, install a backup ring
above the O-ring with its concave surface
touching the O-ring.
Note:
Do not soak elastomers in solvents
Note:
When properly installed, the seat
should extend 1/32 to l/16 of an
inch out of the body.
Groove
STEP 11 Install the body adapter on STEP 13 Align the base hole with the
the body. Make up the body adapter end matching body hole then Insert and tighten the
connection and secure it in a vise. Using a flat head socket cap screw.
wrench and cheater bar, apply a 1,000 ft.lbf
make up torque between the body and body
adapter end connection. Ensure that the seat is
completely inserted into the body.
Note:
Ensure that there is 0.03 to 0.06-in
gap between the body and adapter.
STEP 15 Install the seal ring into the female Fabricated cement heads
sub end. Fabricated heads can be used up to a
maximum of 5,000 psi depending on the
size of the head. The fabricated head is of
Important: an approved welded construction and the
Perform a pressure test to full manifold is an approved threaded design.
working pressure on all rebuilt
check valves to ensure proper Integral cement heads
operation and seal integrity.
The integral cement head is machined out
of one piece of stock steel. Integral heads
can be used up to a maximum of 7,500 psi
depending on the size of the head.
• manufacturer
• design
• size
• application.
Unlike treating iron, the type of unions on
the hose ends cannot be used to confirm
Figure 4-97. Clean and Lubricate Connections the working pressure of the hose.
4.6 Identification
When making a decision to use a component
in a high-pressure treating line, consider the
following:
5.2 Don’t
• Don’t use 2x2 valve to bleed off pressure.
• Don’t use threaded connection.
• Don’t use 2-in 1502 wing nuts stamped
TEST.
• Don’t mix or assemble components, parts
or end connections with different pressure
ratings. Mismatched parts may fail under
pressure.
• Don’t use or substitute non FMC
components or parts in FMC products and
assemblies.
• Don’t strike, tighten or loosen pressurized
components or connections.
• Don’t exceed the rated working pressure of
the product.
• Don’t use any worn, eroded or corroded
products.
• Don’t expose standard service products to
sour gas fluids. Refer to NACE MR-0175.
• Don’t interchange sour gas components
with standard service components.
Suppliers (http://www.intouchsupport.com/intouch/
MethodInvokerpage.cfm?caseid=InTouch
There are many different suppliers that
Content ID# 3313683)
manufacture components used in treating
lines (see Table 6-1). Well Services has taken
Well Services Safety Standard 11 - Pumping
great measures in developing an “Approved
Nitrogen
Supplier” list after carefully reviewing the quality
control systems, engineering design, and the (http://www.intouchsupport.com/intouch/
material selection of many different vendors. MethodInvokerpage.cfm?caseid=InTouch
Content ID# 3313684)
58 | References
7.0 Check Your Understanding
1. Can you put a suction hose on the 5. What is the maximum pressure of a FMC
discharge side of a centrifugal pump? butterfly valve?
a. yes a. 175 psi.
b. no b. 100 psi
c. maybe c. 200 psi
d. all the time d. 50 psi
E. none of the above
2. Hard hoses (4-in) may be used in the
discharge side under the following 6. High-pressure treating equipment is
circumstances. hooked up from a positive displacement
a. In an emergency when no hoses are pump to pump into a wellhead or other
available high-pressure systems?
b. OK if the discharge pressure is low a. true
enough B. false
C. Not allowed under any circumstances
D. Only if used as discharge in cement 7. When not in use, hoses should be stored
bulk plant in __________.
a. cool places
3. What is Well Services iron tested to? b. dark places
A. 2 times the working pressure c. away from electrical equipment
B. 1.25 times the working pressure d. away from direct sunlight
C. to the working pressure E. all of the above
D. 1.5 times the working pressure F. none of the above
E. not tested
8. __________ is the nominal ID of 2-in
4. What is the maximum pressure of a 4 in 15,000 WP treating pipe.
discharge hose? a. 1.625 in
A. 60 to 80 psi b. 1.875 in
B. 100 to 125 psi c. 1.995 in
C. 50 to 150 psi d. 2.015 in
D. none of the above
10. An important use of the 1x2 plug valve is 15. When changing direction, use a
__________. __________ Chiksan configuration.
A. backup valve to the 2x2 plug valve a. 1-way
B. main pressure control valve b. 2-way
C. master valve on a tree saver c. 3-way
D. bleed off valve on the treating line d. 4-way
11. How many seal segments are there on a 16. All connections in the treating line should
2-in plug valve.? be of the same ID as the treating lines.
A. 2 a. true
B. 4 b. false
C. 6
D. 8 17. 1x2 plug valves can be used in place of a
choke.
12. Safety Standard 23 requires that all 2-in A. true
1502 wing nuts stamped __________ to B. false
be removed from service.
A. safe 18. Gray-lock connection is used on
b. test __________ and __________
c. well applications.
d. cracked A. cementing
B. coiled Tubing
13. Based on erosion studies on the Chiksan, C. stimulation
the wing on treating iron should face the
__________. 19. Which of the following is not high pressure
a. well treating equipment?
b. south a. plug valve
c. earth b. Chiksan swivel ioint
d. door c. butterfly valve
d. coflexip hoses
E. check valve