PROBLEM 9.

51

Two C250 × 30 channels are welded to a 250 × 52 rolled S section as

shown. Determine the moments of inertia and the radii of gyration of the
combined section with respect to its centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Use Figure 9.13B (textbook) properties of rolled-steel shapes (SI units) to get the values for C250 and S250
shapes
S250 × 52 section: A = 6670 mm 2
I x = 61.2 × 106 mm 4
I y = 3.59 × 106 mm 4
C250 × 30 section: A = 3780 mm 2
I x = 32.6 × 106 mm 4
I y = 1.14 × 106 mm 4
How, for the combined section: A = AS + 2 AC
= 6670 + 2 ( 3780 )  mm 2
= 14 230 mm 2
I x = ( I x ) S + 2 ( I x )C
(
= 61.2 × 106 + 2 32.6 × 106  mm 4
  )
or I x = 126.4 × 106 mm 4
( )S + 2 ( I y )C + AC d 2 
Iy = Iy
where d is the distance from the centroid of the C section to the centroid C of the combined section
 2 
Now (

) (  126
I y = 3.59 × 106 mm 4 + 2  1.14 × 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 
 2
) 
+ 69 − 15.3  mm 2 
 

= ( 3.59 + 2.28 + 102.9588 ) × 106 mm 4

or I y = 108.8 × 106 mm 4

Ix
Also kx =
A

126.4 × 106 mm 4
= or k x = 94.2 mm
14 230 mm 2
 PROBLEM 9.51 CONTINUED

Iy
And ky =
A

108.8 × 106 mm 4
= or k y = 87.5 mm
14 230 mm 2
 PROBLEM 9.52

Two channels are welded to a d × 300-mm steel plate as shown.

Determine the width d for which the ratio I x / I y of the centroidal
moments of inertia of the section is 16.

SOLUTION
Channel: A = 3780 mm 2

I x = 32.6 × 106 mm 4

I y = 1.14 × 106 mm 4

Now ( )C + ( I x )plate
Ix = 2 Ix

(
= 2 32.6 × 106 mm 4 + ) d
12
( 300 mm )3

(
= 65.2 × 106 + 2.25d × 106 mm 4 )
And

Iy = 2 Iy ( )channel + ( I y )plate
 2  ( 300 mm )d 3

(d
2
) 
= 2 1.14 × 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2  + 15.3 mm 

+
 12

(
=  2.28 × 106 + 1890d + 115.668 × 103 d + 1.7697 × 106 + 25d 3  mm 4
  )
(
= 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 × 103 d + 4.0497 × 106 mm 4 )
Given I x = 16I y

Then 65.2 × 106 + 2.25d × 106

(
= 16 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 × 103 d + 4.0497 × 106 )
or 25d 3 + 1890d 2 − 24.955d − 25300 = 0
Solving numerically d = 12.2935 mm
or d = 12.29 mm
 PROBLEM 9.53

Two L3 × 3 × 14 -in. angles are welded to a C10 × 20 channel. Determine

the moments of inertia of the combined section with respect to centroidal
axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to the web of the channel.

SOLUTION

Angle: A = 1.44 in 2
I x = I y = 1.24 in 4

Channel: A = 5.88 in 2

I x = 2.81 in 4 I y = 78.9 in 4

Locate the centroid

X =0

Y =
ΣAy ( ) ( )
2  1.44 in 2 ( 0.842 in.)  + 5.88 in 2 ( −0.606 in.)
=  
ΣA ( )
2 1.44 in + 5.88 in 2
2

=
( 2.42496 − 3.5638) in 3 = −0.12995 in.
8.765 in 4

Now ( I x ) = 2 ( I x )L + ( I x )C = 2 1.24 in 4 + (1.44 in 2 ) ( 0.842 in. + 0.12995 in.)2 

 ( )
+  2.81 in 4 + 5.88 in 2 ( 0.606 in. − 0.12995 in.) 
2


= 2 ( 2.6003) in 4 + 4.1425 in 4 = 9.3431 in 4

or I x = 9.34 in 4

Also ( I y ) = 2 ( I y )L + ( I y )C = 2 2.14 in 4 + 1.44 in 2 ( 5 in. − 0.842 in.)2  + 7.89 in 4

= 2 ( 26.136 ) in 4 + 78.9 in 4 = 131.17 in 4

or I y = 131.2 in 4
 PROBLEM 9.54

To form an unsymmetrical girder, two L3 × 3 × 14 -in. angles and two

L6 × 4 × 12 -in. angles are welded to a 0.8-in. steel plate as shown.
Determine the moments of inertia of the combined section with respect
to its centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

1
Angle: L3 × 3 × :
4
A = 1.44 in 2 I x = I y = 1.24 in 4
1
L6 × 4 × :
2

A = 4.75 in 2 I x = 6.27 in 4

I y = 17.4 in 4

Plate: A = ( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.) = 21.6 in 2

1
Ix = ( 0.8 in.)( 27 in.)3 = 1312.2 in 4
12
1
Iy = ( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.)3 = 1.152 in 4
12
 PROBLEM 9.54 CONTINUED

Centroid: X =0
ΣAy
Y =
ΣA

or Y =  ( )   ( )  ( )
2  1.44 in 2 ( 27 in. − 0.84 in.)  + 2  4.75 in 2 ( 0.987 in.)  + 21.6 in 2 (13.5 in.)
2

( )
2 1.44 in 2 + 4.75 in 2 + 21.6 in 2

376.31 in 3
= = 11.0745 in.
33.98 in 2

Now I x = 2 ( I x )1 + 2 ( I x )3 + ( I x )2

= 2 6.25 + 4.75 (11.075 − 0.987 )  in 4 + 2 1.24 + 1.44 ( 27 − 0.842 − 11.075)  in 4

2 2
   

+ 1312.2 + 21.6 (13.5 − 11.075)  in 4

2
 

= 2 ( 489.67 ) in 4 + 2 ( 328.84 ) in 4 + 1439.22 in 4 = 3076.24 in 4

or I x = 3076 in 4

Also ( I y ) = 2 ( I y )1 + 2 ( I y )3 + ( I y )2
= 2 17.4 + 4.75 ( 0.4 + 1.99 )  in 4 + 2 1.24 + 1.44 ( 0.4 + 0.842 )  in 4 + 1.152 in 4
2 2
   
= 2 ( 44.532 ) in 4 + 2 ( 3.4613) in 4 + 1.152 in 4
= 97.139 in 4

or I y = 97.1 in 4
 PROBLEM 9.55

Two L127 × 76 × 12.7-mm angles are welded to a 10-mm steel plate.

Determine the distance b and the centroidal moments of inertia I x and I y
of the combined section knowing that I y = 3I x .

SOLUTION

Angle: A = 2420 mm 2
I x = 3.93 × 106 mm 4
I y = 1.074 × 106 mm 4

Plate: A = ( 200 mm )(10 mm ) = 2000 mm 2

1
Ix = ( 200 mm )(10 mm )3 = 0.01667 × 106 mm4
12
1
Iy = (10 mm )( 200 mm )3 = 6.6667 × 106 mm 4
12
Centroid X =0
ΣAy
Y =
ΣA

or Y =
( )
2 2420 mm 2 ( 44.5 mm ) + 2000 mm 2 ( −5 mm )
=
205.380 mm3
 2 ( 2420 ) + 2000  mm 2 6840 mm 2

= 30.026 mm

Now I x = 2 ( I x )angle + ( I x )plate

= 2 3.93 × 106 + ( 2420 )( 44.5 − 30.026 )  mm 4

2
 

+ 0.01667 × 106 + ( 2000 )( 30.026 + 5 )  mm 4

2
 

( )
= 2 4.43698 × 106 mm 4 + 2.4703 × 106 mm 4

= 11.344 × 106 mm 4

or I x = 11.34 × 106 mm 4
 PROBLEM 9.55 CONTINUED

Also ( )angle + ( I y )plate

Iy = 2 Iy

Where ( I y )angle = 1.074 × 106 mm4 + ( 2420 mm2 ) ( b − 19.05 mm )2

( )
= 1.074 × 106 + ( 2420 ) b 2 − 38.1b + 362.9  mm 4
 

=  2420b 2 − 92202b + 1.9522 × 106  mm 4

and ( I y )plate = 6.6667 × 106 mm4

Now ( )
I y = 3 Ix

Then
 ( )
2  2420b 2 − 92202b + 1.9522 × 106  mm 4 + 6.6667 × 106 mm 4 = 3  11.34 × 106 mm 4 


or 2420b 2 − 9.2202b + 1.9522 × 106 − 13.6767 × 106 = 0

b 2 − 38.1b − 4844.8 = 0
b = 91.2144 mm
or b = 91.2 mm
 PROBLEM 9.56

A channel and an angle are welded to an a × 20-mm steel plate. Knowing

that the centroidal y axis is located as shown, determine (a) the width a,
(b) the moments of inertia with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

(a) Using Figure 9.13B

From the geometry of L152 × 152 × 19, C150 × 15.6, plate a × 20 mm and how they are welded

x A = 44.9 mm AA = 5420 mm 2

xC = −12.5 mm AC = 1980 mm 2

a 
xP = −  − 152  mm AP = ( 20a ) mm 2
2 
ΣxA
From the condition X = =0
ΣA
 a 
( 44.9 mm ) ( 5420 mm2 ) − (12.5 mm ) (1980 mm2 ) −  
( )
− 152  mm  20a mm 2 = 0
 2  

or a 2 − 304a − 21860.8 = 0 a = 364.05 mm

or a = 364 mm

And AP = ( 20 mm )( 364 mm )

= 7280 mm 2
 PROBLEM 9.56 CONTINUED

(b) Locate the centroid

ΣAy
Y =
ΣA

(5420 mm ) ( 44.9 mm ) + (1980 mm )  152

2
2
mm  + ( 7280 mm ) ( −10 mm )


2 2

=
( 5420 + 1980 + 7280 ) mm 2
= 21.867 mm

Now I x = ( I x ) A + ( I x )C + ( I x ) P

 ( )
= 11.6 × 106 mm 4 + 5420 mm 2 ( 44.9 mm − 21.867 mm ) 
2


 ( )
+ 6.21 × 106 mm 4 + 1980 mm 2 ( 76 mm − 21.867 mm ) 
2


1
( 2
+  ( 364.05 mm )( 20 mm ) + 7281 mm 2 (10 mm + 21.867 mm ) 
12
3


)
= (11.6 + 2.8754 ) + ( 6.21 + 5.8022 ) + ( 0.2427 + 7.3939 )  × 106 mm 4

= (14.4754 + 12.0122 + 7.6366 ) × 106 mm 4

= 34.1242 × 106 mm 4

or I x = 34.1 × 106 mm 4

And Iy = Iy ( ) A + ( I y )C + ( I y )P
 (
= 11.6 × 106 mm 4 + 5420 mm 2 ( 44.9 mm ) 
2
 )
 (
+ 0.347 × 106 mm 4 + 1980 mm 2 (12.5 mm ) 
2
 )
1  
2

12 
(
 364.05 mm
+  ( 20 mm )( 364.05 mm ) + 7821 mm 2 
3
2
− 152 mm  )
 

= (11.6 + 10.9268 ) × 106 mm 4 + ( 0.347 + 0.3094 ) × 106 mm 4

+ ( 80.4140 + 6.5638 ) × 106 mm 4

= ( 22.5268 + 0.6564 + 86.9778 ) × 106 mm 4

= 110.161 × 10−6 mm 4

or I y = 110.2 × 106 mm 4
 PROBLEM 9.57

The panel shown forms the end of a trough which is filled with water to
the line AA′ . Referring to Sec. 9.2, determine the depth of the point of
application of the resultant of the hydrostatic forces acting on the panel
(the center of pressure).

SOLUTION

Using the equation developed on page 491 of the text have

I AA′
yP =
yA

π
For a quarter circle I AA′ = r4
16

4r π
and y = , A = r2
3π 4

π
r4
Then yP = 16
 4r  π 2 
  r 
 3π  4 

3π
or yP = r
16
 PROBLEM 9.58

The panel shown forms the end of a trough which is filled with water to
the line AA′ . Referring to Sec. 9.2, determine the depth of the point of
application of the resultant of the hydrostatic forces acting on the panel
(the center of pressure).

SOLUTION

Using the equation developed on page 491 of the text have

I AA′
yP =
yA

π
For a semiellipse I AA′ = ab3
8

4b π
y = , A = ab
3π 2

π
ab3
Then yP = 8
 4b  π 
  ab 
 3π  2 

3π
or yP = b
16
 PROBLEM 9.59

The panel shown forms the end of a trough which is filled with water to
the line AA′. Referring to Sec. 9.2, determine the depth of the point of
application of the resultant of the hydrostatic forces acting on the panel
(the center of pressure).

SOLUTION
Using the equation developed on page 491 of the text

I AA′
Have yP =
yA

Now YA = ΣyA

( 2b × h ) + h  × 2b × h 
h 4 1
=
2 3 2 

7 2
= bh
3

And I AA′ = ( I AA′ )1 + ( I AA′ )2

where

1 2 3
( I AA′ )1 = ( 2b )( h )3 = bh
3 3
2
( 2b )( h )3 +  × 2b × h 
1 1 4 
( I AA′ )2 = I x + Ad 2 =  h 
36  2  3 

11 3
= bh
6

2 3 11 3 5 3
Then I AA′ = bh + bh = bh
3 6 2

5 3
bh
Finally, yP = 2
7 2
bh
3

15
or yP = h
14
 PROBLEM 9.60

The panel shown forms the end of a trough which is filled with water to
the line AA′. Referring to Sec. 9.2, determine the depth of the point of
application of the resultant of the hydrostatic forces acting on the panel
(the center of pressure).

SOLUTION

Using the equation developed on page 491 of the text

I AA′
Have yP =
yA

where I AA′ = ( I AA′ )1 + ( I AA′ )2

1 3
  π π  4r   π 2 
2
4r  
2
=  ( 2r )( r )  +   r 4 − r 2    + r  r +  
3    8 2  3π   2  3π  


2 4 π 8 π 4 9  4  5π  4
= r + − + + + r = 2 + r
3  8 9π 2 3 8π   8 

r   4r  π 2  
And YA = ΣyA =  ( 2r × r )  +  r +  r 
2   3π  2  

 π 2 5 π 
= 1 + +  r 3 =  +  r 3
 2 3 3 2

 5π  4
2 + r
8 
Then yP =  = 1.2242r
5 π  3
 + r
3 2

or yP = 1.224r