Iraqi Standard (Materials Specification & Construction Works

Contents
Chapter 1: Gypsum & Lime and Their Products

Gypsum for Building IQ.S 28 / 1988 5
Sand – Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548 / 1989 6
Chapter 2 : Aggregate
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete IQ.S 45/1984 8
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete B.S 882/1992 13
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete ASTM C33/86 17
Filter Sand And Filter Gravel For Water Purification Filter IQ.S 1555/2000 21
Chapter 3 : Cement & Concrete

Portland Cement IQ.S 5/ 1984 24
Terrazzo Tiles IQ.S 1042 / 1984 26
Ordinary Tiles IQ.S 1043 / 1984 27
Load- Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1077 / 1987 28
Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs & Channels IQ.S 1106 / 1987 30
Pre-Cast Concrete Flags IQ.S 1107 / 1987 32
Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1129 / 1988 33
Reinforced – Concrete Cantilever Stair Steps IQ.S 1381 / 1988 35
Reinforced & Unreinforced Concrete Pipes without Internal Pressure IQ.S1432 / 1989 36
Cellular Concrete Blocks IQ.S 1441 / 2000 41
Concrete Pavement Bricks IQ.S 1606 / 1990 42
Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts IQ.S 1687 / 1992 43
Water used in Concrete IQ.S 1703 / 1992 45
Chapter 4 : Ceramic
Glazed Ceramic Tile for Internal Walls IQ.S 1392/1988 47
Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles 1627/ 1991 49
Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with a Low Water Absorption 50
E ≤ 3% Group A IQ.S 1704 / 1992
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with A Low Water Absorption 52
of 3% < E < 6% Group A (2-1)
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with water Absorption 55
of 6<E ≤ 10% Group A (2-2)
Chapter 5 : Clayey Products

Clay Building Bricks IQ.S 25 /1988 59
Chapter 6: Rocks & Stones

Natural Building Stone IQ.S 1387 / 1989 62
Chapter (7) : Water Proofing

Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing & Damp Proofing IQ.S 4/1988 66
Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints Hot Poured ,Elastic Type IQ.S 1110/1988 68
Joints Sealant , Hot Poured ,For Concrete &Asphalt Pavement IQ.S 1136/1988 69
Jet –Fuel-Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer Hot Poured Elastic Type IQ.S 1172/1988 70
Emulsified Asphalt Used As a Protective Coating For Built Up IQ.S 1173/1987 72
Asphalt Used In Proofing Roofs IQ.S 1196/1988 73
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For Concrete Paving & Structural Construction 74
(Non-Extruding & Resilient Bituminous Type) IQ.S 1280/1988
Concrete Joint Sealer ,Cold Application Type IQ.S 1288/1989 75
Chapter 8:Asbestos Cement
Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets IQ.S 83/1999 77
Corrugated Sheets and Fittings for Roofing and Cladding IQ.S 79/1999 78
Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints IQ.S 143/1990 80
Chapter 9:Epoxy
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding System for concrete ASTM C 881-90 83
Chapter 10:Concrete Admixture

Concrete Admixture IQ.S 1431/1989 85
Chapter 11:Paint and Varnish

Putty for Use on Window Glass IQ.S 477 90
Red Oxide Linseed Oil Primin Paint IQ.S 871/90 92
Primin, Coat Zinc – Yellow Iron Oxide Ready Mixed IQ.S 877/88 93
Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying, for Exterior and IQ.S 960/2000 97
Interior Surfaces
Synthetic Resin Emulsion IQ.S 985/94 99
Paints and Varnishes Hammer Finish IQ.S 1047/84 100
Red oxide Primer – Alkyd Resin IQ.S 1056/84 101
Decorative Paint for Interior use (Flat) IQ.S 1057/84 103
Traffic, Highway, White & Yellow Paint IQ.S 1101/86 107
Black Bitumen Paints for Cold Application Type IQ.S 1257/88 109
Decorative Paint Semi-gloss IQ.S 1506/89 111
Hot – Applied Thermoplastic Road Marking IQ.S 1744/92 113
Materials
Chapter 12:Reinforcement Steel
Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A615-86 115
Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete BS4449-1988 118
Chapter 13:Road Works According to Standard Specification for Roads & Buildings
Earth Works SORB / R5 122
Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade, Sub-base or base SORB / R6E 124
Lime Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB / R6F 127
Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB / R6G 130
Sub-base Course SORB / R6 132
Crushed Stone, Crushed Gravel Base Course & Crushed SORB / R7 134
Macadam Stone Base Course Vibratory Compacted
Bituminous Prime Coat SORB / R8A 138
Bituminous Tack Coat SORB / R8B 140
Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement SORB / R9 142
National Center For Construction Laboratories & Researches ( NCCLR )
Materials Specification & Construction Worcks
Introduction
In the name of God
Due to the increasing need which the NCCLR noted to issue a new revision of structural
materials specifications booklet to serve as a guide for working groups in the field of
building & construction to observe and understand the specifications of materials used in
the execution of construction works…; and also because that the second revision of the
booklet issued in 1978 became old fashion and unsatisfactory for current requirements of
specifications due to the emergence of a lot of changes represented either by the
publications issued by The Central Organization For Standardization & Quality Control
during the last decade or its updating of the previous specification included in the booklet,
the Center decided to issue a new edition of structural materials specifications booklet
which takes into consideration the current changes in this field, hence this revision included
a summary of the specifications and requirements of approximately (74) construction
materials aiming to cover most of the materials in current use in the field of construction in
our country and which the Center usually tests.
The booklet is divided into (12) chapters named similar to the guide of Iraqi Standard
Specification (I.Q.S) published in 1998 and two additional chapters considered necessary
were added in the field of construction works in the country namely ( road works according
to roads & bridges specifications ) and ( soil geotechnical properties )
The Iraqi Standard Specification was the basic subject of this booklet because of its
obligatory application in the country followed by international specifications as second
degree like the British Standard (BS) and the American (ASTM & AASHTO) when an Iraqi
specification is not available or included occasionally as an appendix to the Iraqi one.
Our Center welcomes any new ideas aiming to develop this booklet to use them in the
future editions which the Center will continue to publish in order to be updated with the
current specifications.
The Center is greatly acknowledged to all who are participated in bringing this booklet to
light including those who summarized and examined the specifications & the supporting
staff in coordination, translation & printing.
Lastly, the Center hopes that this booklet will serve as a useful guide for working parties
in the execution of construction projects and to know the specifications of materials used in
the fields of roads & buildings to achieve optimal quality level…and success is a gift of
God.
Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at

General Director of NCCLR
National Center For Construction Laboratories & Researches ( NCCLR )
Materials Specification & Construction Worcks
Work Team
- Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at General Director / General Supervisor

- Baree'a M. Abdullatif Director of Researches & Technical Affairs / Chief of the team
- Abdulnafi' Abdulmaujoud Consultant / Member
- Abdulsattar Zekeriya Consultant / Member
- Ghazi Faisal Consultant / Member
- Na'il Kamel Consultant / Member
- Abdulahad Fareed Chief of chemists / Member
- Aryah Mansouri Engineer / Coordinator
Chapter 1
Gypsum & Lime and Their Products
Title Specification
Gypsum for Building IQ.S 28 / 1988
Sand – Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548 / 1989

Gypsum for Building
( IQ.S 28 / 1988 )
First: Classes
A- Normal Gypsum
B- Gypsum
C- Technical Gypsum
Second: Physical Requirements

According to table (1)
Table 1: Physical requirements
Normal Gypsum Technical

Item Property gypsum gypsum
1 Softness (%): 8 0 5
Residual on sieve No.16 should not be more than
2 Setting time (min.)
not less than *8 8 12
not more than 25 25 20
3 Compressive strength (N/ mm2): not less than 3 5 6
4 Modulus of rapture (N/ mm2): not less than --- 1.5 2
5 Hardness load (mm): --- 5 5
The diameter of notch of falling ball should not
be more than
*setting time must not be more than 15 minutes in the case of using gypsum for floor arch
Gypsum for Building
( IQ.S 28 / 1988 )
Third: Chemical Requirements

Table 2: Chemical requirements
Item Property Normal Gypsum Gypsum Technical

gypsum
1 Ratio of SO3 (%): not less 35 45 40
than
2 Ratio of CaO (%): not more 25 30 27
than
3 Soluble salts & Mg salts 0.25 0.25 0.25
(%): not more than
4 Unified water (%): not more than 9 not less than 4 not more than 9
not more than 9
5 Loss on ignition (%): not 9 --- 9
more than
6 Ratio of impurities (%): not --- 5 ---
more than
Sand- Lime Bricks and Blocks
(IQ.S 548 / 1989)
First: Standard Dimensions
Type Length(mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

Bricks 240 115 75
Blocks 240 240 160
Second: Tolerances
- Bricks: ±3mm for single value
±2mm for average of units
- Hollow & solid blocks: ±4mm for single value
±3mm for average of units
Third: Compressive strength

For dry samples: minimum limit for compressive strength values as in the following table:
Type Min. limit for compressive strength (N/ mm2) Total density (g/ cm3)
One unit Average of units One unit Average of units
Bricks 14 17 1.7 as min. 1.8-2.0
Blocks 10 9 1.3 as min. 1.4-1.6
For wet samples: min. limit for compressive strength of the samples covered with water
should not be less than 85% from the value mentioned in the table above.
Fourth: Total Density

See the previous table.
Fifth: Maximum Limit for Dry Shrinkage

Maximum limit for dry shrinkage should not be more than 0.04%
Sixth: Water Absorption

Water absorption percentage of should not be more than 12 %.
Chapter 10
Concrete Admixture
Title Specification
Concrete Admixture IQ.S 1431/1989
Concrete Admixture
(IQ.S 1431/1989 )
First: -Admixture Types

A : First type: it consists of five categories of admixtures, which may be used to modify one
or more property of concrete ;such as workability, the rate of setting and hardening and the
strength.
B: Second type: it includes air- entraining.
Second: Requirements.
A: First type
1-Performance requirement: as shown in table(1)
2-Homogeneity requirement: as shown in table(2)
B: Second type:
1-Performance requirement: as shown in table(3)
2-Homogeneity requirement: as shown in table(2 )
Table 1- A : Performance requirements of first type of concrete admixtures*
Admixture type
Property Normal Accelerating Retarding water
Accelerating Retarding water water
reducing reducing reducing
Compaction factor decreasing is decreasing is increasing is increasing is
relating to control not more than not more than not less than not less than increasing
less than
is not
0.03
concrete mix ** 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
more than
Initial setting time one hour or At least one
(0.5 N/mm2) Final one hour less hour longer
(3.5 N/mm2) than that for than control
control mix
concrete mix
Minimum
compressive
strength as a
percentage
from control mix
one days age 125 _ _ 125 _
7 days age _ 90 90 125 _
28 days age 95 95 90 90 90
*To identify each concrete mixture (A) and concrete mixture (B), you have to turn back concerning
method of testing admixtures to specification (as adraft No.2735)
** control mix is the required mix that doesn’t consist admixture materials and manufactured in
the same conditions of the mix that contain admixture
*** Initial setting time (under pressure 0.5 N/mm2) shall not be less than one hour without returning
to the control mix.
Table1-B :Performance requirements for first type of concrete admixtures
Admixture type
Property
Accelerating Retarding Normal water Accelerating Retarding water
reducing water reducing reducing
Compaction decreasing, is decreasing, is not decreasing ,is
factor to not more than more than 0.02 not more than
__ __
reference 0.02 0.02
mixture.
Initial setting time to be within more than one hour at least one hour
0.5 N/mm2 __ __ one hour of longer than
the control control mix
mix
for 3.5 N/mm2 __ __ to be within at least one hour
one hour of less than control
the control mix
mix
Minimum
compressive
strength as a
percentage
from control mix
One day age --- --- --- 125 ---
7 days age --- --- 110 --- 110
28 days age --- --- 110 110 110
Note:- Normal tolerance must be taken into consideration for strength of cubes test and the
permitted increasing of air content for concrete mixture that is used in test.
Table 2: Admixture uniformity test requirements for type 1 and 2
Characteristic Requirements
Dry material content For liquid admixture: to be
within 3%(m/m)*of the value
stated by the manufacturer.
For solid admixtures: to be
within 5%(m/m) of the value
stated by the manufacturer.
Ash content ** To be within 1%(m/m) of the value

stated by the manufacturer
Chloride ion content To be within 5%(m/m) of the value
stated by the manufacturer or within
0.2%(m/m), whichever is the greater.
Relative density For liquid admixtures; to be within
0.02 of the value the manufacturer
* It means mass.
** Since admixtures that contain chloride give very different results in comparison with ash
content then this test and characteristic can be excluded for admixtures that contain more than
1% (m/m) of chloride ion.
Table 3: performance requirement for second type
characteristic requirement
Air content Air content for three consequent and
similar concrete mixtures is between 4-6
%, the test shall be done by one tester
and by one set of equipments.
Setting time The average of mix time to reach to
penetration resistance of about 0.5 N/m2
and 3.5 N/m2 for two of concrete test
mixtures is within one hour from the
time of two control mixtures.
Relative density A:-The 3 days average saturated density
of the six cubes and four prisms from the
two test concrete mix shall not exceed 20
kg/ m3from each other.
B:- the 28 days average saturated density
of the six cubes from the two test
concrete mix is at least 50 kg/ m3 less
than the six cubes taken from the two
control concrete mix.
Compressive strength The compressive strength average of six
cubes from the two test concrete mix
shall not be less than 70% from the
strength of the six cubes taken from the
two control concrete mix when it is
tested at 28 days age.
Freezing and thawing The change of relative length for at least
three prisms out of four taken from test
concrete mix shall be not more than
0.05% after 50 cycles of freezing and
thawing.
Chapter 11
Paint and Varnish
Title Specification
Putty for Use on Window Glass IQ.S 477
Red Oxide Linseed Oil Primin Paint IQ.S 871/90
Primin, Coat Zinc – Yellow Iron Oxide Ready IQ.S 877/88
mixed
Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying, for Exterior and IQ.S 960/2000
Interior Surfaces
Synthetic Resin Emulsion IQ.S 985/94
Paints and Varnishes Hammer Finish IQ.S 1047/84
Red oxide Primer – Alkyd Resin IQ.S 1056/84
Decorative Paint for Interior use (Flat) IQ.S 1057/84
Traffic, Highway, White & Yellow Paint IQ.S 1101/86
Black Bitumens Paints for Cold Application Type IQ.S 1257/88
Decorative Paint Semi-gloss IQ.S 1506/89
Hot – Applied Thermoplastic Road Marking IQ.S 1744/92
Materials
89
Paint & Varnish
Putty for Use on Window Glass
( I Q.S 477 / 1987 )
First: Scop
This specification determine the requirements of putty used to fit glasses on
metal, wood windows & to fill cracks & holes.
Second : Basic requirements

As in the following table :-
Item Requirements Specification limits

The material shall be a homogeneous paste free of
1 General appearance
coarse substances & visible impurities.
The paste consists of oil extenders or suitable synthetic
resins in sufficient ratios to compound a paste meets
2 Structure with the requirements of this specification, the used solid
materials shall be free of impurities which have a grain
size increases (300) micron.
The paste after scrubbing shall be flexible, non adhesive
with the hands & that make it easy to use with the knife
3 Use properties
without breaking, cracking or crumpling & gives the
heighest grade of adhesion on the surface .
Permeability at (5 seconds) shall be not less than (2mm)
4 Setting grade
nor more than (12mm).
5 *Crushing & scaling
5-1 Surface crushing & The material should not show scaling or crushing
scaling
5-2 Deep crushing for The material should not show deep crushing
scars
90
6 *Crumpling The material should not show crumpling .
7 * Adhesion loss The material should not show adhesion loss .
8 *Oil exudation The material should not show oil exudation .
9 *Form stability The material should not be flaccid or flow.
The paste should not harden or mass when it is stored in
Keeping & its un opened original containers for a period not exceed
10
storage properties three months in the normal environment temperature
conditions.
The material should be encased in suitable encasements
11 Encasing or according to the agreement between the concerned
parties.
* The items (5,6,7,8,9) shall be tested at (60 Co )for 144 hr. m 4 hours
Third: Optional requirements:

Colour: less amount of pigment shall be used to give the material a suitable colour or
according to the agreement between the concerned parties.
91
Red oxide – Linseed Oil Priming Paint
( I Q.S 871 / 1990 )
First : Scope
Red oxide priming paint includes linseed oil which is used as a basic paint for steel
metals that do not expose to severe environment conditions . *
Second : Requirements
As in the following table

The paint shall be free of shells, masses or any abnormal
thickening .It should not show any precipitation or setting
1 Paint state in can for the pigment; otherwise it can be mixed to a homogenous
mixture & the paint should reserve its properties for a period
not less than 6 months from production date.
2 Odour The paint odour should be acceptable at any time of dryness.
Flow time Flow time should not be less than (30 sec.) for (50 ml) of the
3
(viscosity ) paint using Ford cup No.4.
Appearance of dry The appearance of dry light layer of paint should be free of
4
layer surface defects such as wrinkling or graining.
Drying time
5 1-Surface dryness Should not be less than 6 hours.
2-Final dryness Should not be more than 24 hours.
6 Fineness of grind Should not be more than (50 micron)
The paint should be able to bend on a bar of 6 mm diameter
7 Bend test without cracking or crushing.
Should not be less than (35Co )when it is measured by Abel
8 Flash point
closed tester.
The paint should be encased in suitable metal cans which
must not be affected by the paint components nor affect in it.
9 Encasing
It should be clean perfect sealed & about 95% of its size
filled with the paint.
* The paint consists essentially of red oxide pigment (content Fe2O3 75% as minimum)
& linseed oil, extenders & aid substances for solubles in specific ratios.
92
Priming Coat Zinc – Yellow Iron Oxide
Ready Mixed
( I Q.S 877 / 1988 )
First : Scope
It should include priming coat zinc – yellow iron oxide * mixable &
suitable to use for protecting steel structures from corrosion.
Second : Specific Requirements

As in table (1)
Table (1)
The colour should be yellow similar to the mixture of
1 Colour lemonic yellow iron oxide & zinc oxide.
The paint should not show any additional precipitation &
should be easy mixable to soft, homogenous state, free of
2 Paint state in can
coarse substances, suspended fines, shells or strange
substances.
The paint should remain stable & homogenous for 48
3 Diluting stability hours when it is diluted with one part of suitable solvent
to five parts of paint.
The paint should be brushed easy making a homogenous,
4 Brushing ability
flat surface & it should not be fluid or flaccid.
The paint should be able to spread after diluting by
5 Spread ability suitable solvent making a flat surface free of grains (the
appearance of orange skin) or flow.
The dry paint layer should be regular, soft & free from
6 Appearance
surface defects.
The paint layer should not show any cracking or
Elasticity &
7 separation from the surface when it is bended on a bar of
adhesion
6 mm dia.
93
8 Submergence
resistance class(2)
8-1 Cold water The paint layer submerged in the water for 18 hours
resistance should not show any wrinkling or swelling after raising it
directly from the water & when it is tested after two hours
it should show a slight darkness (gloss loss ) or flexibility.
8-2 Hydro The paint layer should not show any wrinkling or
carbonate solvents blistering when it is submerged in hydro-carbonate
resistance solvents for 4 hours nor be effected after drying in the air
for 24 hours when stiffness, cohesion & general
appearance is compared for non-submerged test sample.
The paint should not show any shelling during 48 hours
9 Shelling ability
when it is left in closed can filled into three-quarters.
The paint should reserve its original properties if it is kept
10 Storage ability in properly-closed containers at normal temperature for a
period not less than 6 months after production date.
* The paint should be classified as the following:

Class (1) Zinc – yellow iron oxide paint (Alkyd synthetic resin – linseed oil
50/50 weight)
Class (2) Zinc – yellow iron oxide paint (Alkyd synthetic Resins )
94
Third : Physical & Chemical Requirements:
As in table (2)
Table 2: Physical & chemical requirements

Specification limits
Item Requirements
Class (1) ** Class (2) ***
Pigment (% weight from the 53-61 40-45
paint) consists of :-
1-Zinc-yellow (min). 39% 24%
2-Iron oxide Fe2O3 (min.) 18% 37%
29% 25%
1 3-Silicate extenders (max.) 14%
4-Zinc oxide (min ) . 14%
5-Sum of percentages of 90% 90%
zin-yellow, zin-oxide,
iron oxide & silicate
extenders (min.)
2 Holder **** The holder The holder consists
consists of equal of midum,
quantities of modified linseed
weight from oil with essential
alkyd synthetic diluting & drying.
oil( calculated as
non volatile solid
substances) &
raw linseed oil
together with
essential diluting
& drying.
2-1 Solid substances from the 55 40

holder, % weight from the
holder (min.)
Non – unified water, %

3 1 1
weight from the paint (max).
95
Item Requirements
Class (1) ** Class (2) ***
4 Coarse particles & shells,
% of retained on sieve 44
1 1
micron related to pigment
(max).
5 Consistency (poise ) 5.5-10 4-8.5
Weight for each litre, 1.5 1.25
6
(kg) (min.)
7 Dryness time, hour
a-by touch 1-4 0.5-2
b-final (max.) 24 16
8 Specular gloss 60o (max.) 60 40
9 Fineness of grind, micron
40 40
(min.)
10 Flash Point (pensky) Co
30 30
(min.)
** It is used for bridges & coarse steel structures in factories before installation or in
work site when a good resistance for corrosion effects is required.
*** It is used for soft & clean steel surfaces for tools manufactured in factories like
railway carriages & it is used as a general paint for maintenance.
**** The holder for the two classes should be free of galvanic material & its
derivatives. It may contain additional factors such as anti-oxidation & aid-
materials for perfuming.
96
Enamel, Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying for Exterior & Interior Surfaces
(IQ.S 960/2000)
First : Scope
It includes suitable alkyd gloss paint to use on exterior & interior metal &
wood surfaces painted with suitable base paint.
As in the following table:
Item Requirements Specification Limits

It should be free from shells, masses & any abnormal
1 Paint state in can thickening. It should not show precipitation or setting for
pigment & it can be mixed into a homogenous soft state.
It gives a homogencous consistency easy to use with brush
2 Consistency
or sprayer after diluting it with suitable dilution.
(4.5-10) Poise at 25 Co using Rotoths equipment or
3 Viscosity
equivelant.
Darkness at The dry layer difference for paint should not be less than
4
dryness 0.90 for white & 0.95 for coloured.
5 Lead Content It should not be more than 0.06% (by mass) for paint.
Scratsh The paint layer should resist the scratch test weight which
6
resistance is about (1 kg).
The colour of dry fine paint layer should not change when
it’s exposed to sun rays directly for 7 days & the colour
7 Stability for light
should not change from the colour of dry fine paint layer
for agreed specimen.
8 Water content It should not be more than 0.5 % (by mass) for paint.
9 Flash point It should not be less than 25Co by closed Abel equipment.
10 Softness It should not be more than 25 micron.
11 Odour It should be acceptable at any time of dryness.
It should be brushed easy by soft brush & should dry into
Brushing
12 homogenous, gloss & soft layer free of flow & other
Property
surface defects.
It should be sprayed easy after diluting it with suitable
Spraying dilution. The dry fine paint layer should be free of flow,
13
property dust ,thickening, colour floating on surface & the
appearance of orange skin.
14 Dryness time
14-1 Surface dryness (1-5) hour, max.
14-2 Solid dryness should not more than 18 hours.
97
Item Requirements Specification Limits
The appearance of dry paint layer should be gloss, free
of flow, grains, wrinkling, cracking, gaps or any other
15 Appearance
defects, the appearance should not be less than the paint
layer for agreed specimen.
The colour after 48 hours from the paint process should
16 Colour comply with the required colour or the colour of fine
paint layer for agreed specimen.
It should not be less than 80 unit after 7 days from
17 Gloss (in angle 60o)
paint.
It should be able to paint again after 24 hours on the
18 Repaint first fine layer paint without deformation of the first
layer.
The paint layer should be able to bend on a bar of
Flexibility &
19 (3mm) diameter without cracking or breaking & it
adhesion
should be adhesive on surface.
a-The paint should show a resistance concerning
the reserve of the colour, the general appearance
& the influence of water colour.
Distilled water
20 b-The gloss for fine layer should not be less than
resistance
90% in angle 60o from comparison plate.
c-The paint layer should not show wrinkling or
blistering.
The paint should preserve its original properties for a
21 Storge property
period not less than one year from production date.
The paint should be encased in standard metal cans
which are not affected by the container contents nor
22 Encasing
affect in it & it should be clean , soundness, properly
sealed & filled into 95 % of its size with paint.
98
Synthetic Resin Emulsion
(I Q.S 985 / 1994)
First : Scope
It includes synthetic resin emulsion used on interior & exterior surfaces for
buildings.
As in the table below:
Item Requirements
Class (1) * Class (2)**
The paint should be homogenous free of solid
1 Paint state in can
masses, shells & bad & agitated smells.
The paint should be able to use easy by brush
2 Facility of use when we paint with tin for the second time after
24 hours of the paint of the first layer.
The paint should be free of masses, shells,
3 Stability for heat precipitation or any clear damage & it should be
able to lighten & paint.
4 Dryness time During two hours -
It should be soft, dark & have a gloss of egg shell,
5 Appearance of paint layer
it should be free of other undesired properties.
Difference ratio (for
6 0.9 minimum 0.93 maximum
white & weak colours)
It should not show abnormal
Property of water changes like wrinkling &
7 -
resistance blistering during the submerging
in water for 96 hours
It should bear 500 cycles by 300 cycles by
8 Washing ability
brush brush
9 Optional requirement
9-1 Colour The colour should be in accordance with the
producer colour card or according to the
agreement.
9-2 Alkali resistance There is no change in paint layer or any
undesired property like blistering, cracking,
shelling softening or gaps (head pin) during:
48 hours 18 hours
The paint should encase in metal containers which
10 Encasing are not effected by the paint compounds nor effect
on it & fill into 95% from its size by paint.
* The paint is classified into two classes:
Class (1): for exterior use.
Class (2): for interior use.
99
* Paints & Varnishes Hammer Finish
(I.Q.S 1047 / 1984)
First : Scope
It includes the gloss hammer finish paint used in metal & prepainted
surfaces by suitable base paint.
As in the table below.
It should be free from shells, masses or any
abnormal thickening. It should not show a
1 Paint state in can precipitation or setting of aluminium paste &
it could be easy mixed to a homogenous soft
state.
2 Odour Acceptable
The dry layer appearance should be gloss &
3 Appearance
grained (the appearance of hammer rap).
Accoding to the agreement between the
4 Colour concerned parties.
Dryness period
5 a-Surface dryness 30 minutes (max).
b-Solid dryness one hour (max).
When diluting the paint should remain
6 Dilution stability homogenous and does not show any
coagulation, precipitation or separation.
7 Viscosity 95-110 seconds at 25 Co.
8 Flash point Not less than 30 Co.
The covering ability of paint should be good
Covering ability or the wet hiding power of paint should not be
9
(Hiding power ) less than 90% from the sample agreed between
the concerned parties.
It should be able to bend on a bar of (6mm)
10 Bending ability diameter without cracking or breaking.
The dry fine paint layer should be free from
11 Surface defects surface defects like freezing, blistering &
pitting.
* Should show the hammer rap.
100
Red Oxide Primer – Alkyd Resin
(I Q.S 1056 / 1984)
First : Scope
It includes the red oxide primer – alkyd resin used as a primer paint
for steel metals which are not exposed to severe environment conditions.
As in the table below

It should be from shells, masses or any
abnormal thickening. It should not show
1 Paint state in can precipitation or setting of pigment otherwise it
could be mixed easy into a homogenous soft
state.
The paint should be able to use by brush & by
3 Paint & spray property
spray after diluting it with suitable solvent.
It should be free from surface defects like
graining & wrinkling. Its appearance should
4 Appearance of dry layer not be less than the appearance of fine paint
layer prepared in the same style & time from
the agreed sample.
It should be soft, un gloss or semi – gloss,
adhesive to the surface, free from defects like
5 Fine layer graining, wrinkling & flow. It could be painted
after 24 hours with suitable perfect gloss paint
in order not to lift it or bleed its colour.
6 Dryness time
a-Surface dryness Two hours (max.).
b-Solid dryness 24 hours (max.)
7 Fineness of grind Should not be more than 50 micron.
The paint should be able to be bended on a bar
8 Bending ability
of (6 mm) dia. without cracking or breaking.
101
The paint should not be affected by water
9 Cold water resistance during submerging for 18 hours & should not
show whitening for paint layer.
10 Viscosity 3.5-5 poise at 25 Co using Rotothus equipment.
It should not be less than 35 C o when it is
11 Flash point
measured by closed Abel equipment.
12 Volatile materials 40-45% by weight.
13 Red oxide pigment Should not be less than 25.%
14 Covering ability The hiding power for paint should be good.
The paint by hand turning gives suitable
15 Consistency homogenous consistency easy to use by brush.
The paint should be encased in suitable metal
containers which are not affected by the paint
16 Encasing compounds nor affect on it, the containers
should be clean closable & fill into 95 % from
its size.
102
Decorative Paint for Interior Use (Flat)
(I Q.S 1057/ 1984)
First : Scope:
It includes flat ready paint which dries in the air (accept water emulsions) for
interior use as a final paint on metal, wood, sealed gypsum walls, & similar materials
painted with base paint or prepainted.
Second : Chemical Requirements:

1 Volatile materials Not more than 40 % (m/m).
2 Un unified water Not more than 2 % (m/m).
Third : Physical Requirements
Table 2: Physical requirement

The paint should be free from masses, dry
1 Paint state in can precipitated substances & shells. It could be
mixed easy into homogenous state.
When two closed containers are stored at
25 m 2Co one for 30 days after receiving & the
another for 12 months after receiving, in both
2 Stability at storage cases; the paint should not show any un
removable shells, masses, solid precipitation or
calcification. The paint should be able to be
spread easy by scraper into homogenous state.
Th colour & appearance of dry paint layer
3 Colour & appearance should comply with the colour & appearance
determined by the purchaser.
The paint dries into soft ,regular layer free
4 Dry layer appearance from graining, colour separation or any another
defects on the surface.
103
Dryness time
5 a-Surface dryness 2 hours (max).
b-Solid dryness 16 hours (max).
6 Fineness of grind Should not be more than 65 micron.
The paint layer should not break when it is
bend on a bar of (13mm) dia .after leaving
the layer:-
7 Flexibility
a-for dryness, air (48 hours).
b-for industrial aging; 70 Co (24 hours).
The paint layer should not change when it is

Resistance of colour exposed continuously to UH ultraviolet rays
8
changing for 96 hours .
The paint has a bright directional reflection
9 White paint reflection (according to MgO) should not be less than
80% at the two angles 0o, 45o at day light.
The paint should not show an increased
10 White paint yellowing yellowing .
11 Specular gloss at 60o, 85o Should not be more than 10 units .
a-should not show defects on the paint
layer.
Resistance of gloss b-The specular gloss values should not
12
changing differ more than 4 units within the
specular gloss limits.
It has a wet covering power (m2/litre)
13 Covering power for paint according to the paint colours mentioned in
the specification as a minimum (table No. 5)
104
Forth: Using Properties
Table 3: Using properties

The paint should be mixable when (4) sizes of
Dilution by mineral
1 it is diluted with (1) size of mineral spirit
spirit
(ratio of aromatics compounds 12-18%)
The paint should show good flow & spreading,
brushing facility & after the dryness; the paint
2 Brushing property layer should be free from flow, flaccidity &
not show a pigment floating different colours
or any other undesired properties.
The paint should have good spraying
properties & not show any tendency to flaccid
3 Spraying property or flow & the orange peal effect should not
appear (when the percentage decided by the
producer is used ) .
Table 4: Optional requirement

Item Requirement Specification limits
1 Shelling resistance Does not show any effect of shell .
The residual percentage on the nominal sieve
Shells & coarse
2 opening of (15 micron) should not be more
particles
than 0.1 % ( m/m )
3 Consistency The paint viscosity should be (4 - 6) poise.
It should be easy to use, flowable, with good
Paint properties by adhesive, does not show floating or any other
4 undesired properties according to wet & dry
roller
paint layer .
105
Fifth : Optional Requirements .
Table 5: Reflection requirements & wet covering power for each colour
1 2 3 1 2 3
Wet
Wet covering
Covering
Colour Reflection % Colour Reflection % power m2/ l
power m2/ l
(min.)
(min.)
White - 7.2 Videt :
Very light More than 60 8.2
Black - 28.6 Light & mid-
dark 60-20 15.3
Blue : 8.2
15.3
Very light More than 60 Dark Less than 20
Light 15-60 10.2
Mid-dark 5-14 10.2 Grey :
Dark Less than 5 12.3 Very light More than 60 10.2
Light 35-60 12.3
Green : Mid-dark 15-34 16.4
Very light More than 60 8.2 Dark Less than 15 20.4
Light 20-60 12.3
Mid-dark 5-19 14.3
Dark Less than 5 18.4 Straw yellow
Yellow : Light 65 & more 8.2
Very light More than 70 Dark Less than 65 9.2
Light 60-70
Mid-dark 50-59 Beige
Light yellow
Dark Less than 50 & similar More than 50 8.2
colours
Orangish : Beige, meaty
Light 25 & more 7.2 Rocky & 35-50 10.2
Dark Less than 25 6.1 similar colour
Red :
Light 10 & more 6.1
Dark Less than 10 7.2 Light coffee,
10-34 14.3
Crimson red Less than 5 4.1 Meaty, rocky
Coffee Less than 10 20.4
Iron oxide Less than 10 20.4
Rose :
Light 50 & more 7.2
Dark Less than 50 8.2
106
Traffic, Highway, white & Yellow Paint
(I Q.S.1101 /1986)
First : Dimension
It consists of types of suitable traffic*, highway paint for vehicles used on
surfaces made from cement, concrete asphalt, unglazed brick, highways, tunnels
and parks.
Second : General Requirements
Table 1: General requirements

Item Requirements Type (1) Type (2) Type (3)
Pigment (%m from paint )
1 - White (min) 60 50 57
- Yellow (min) 60 54 57
Non volatile materials for holder
2 42 31 41
( %m from holder ) (min)
3 Consistancy (poise) at 25o 5-7.8 5- 7.8 5- 7.8
4 Specific gravity (min) 1.5 1.5 1.5
5 Dryness period ( minute) (max.) 60 30 15
6 Fineness (micron) (max.) 65 65 65
7 Ununified water (%m from paint) (max.) 1 1 1
Darkness **
8 White (min) 0.86 0.86 0.86
Yellow (min) 0.9 0.9 0.9
9 Coarse particles (% pigment) ** (max.) 1 1 1
* Type (1): Alkyd , type (2) pheneltoloyn – Butadin, type (3) chlorinated
plastic – Alkyd.
** The tests are done according to agreements between concerned parties.
107
Third : Quality Requirements
Table 2: Quality requirements

Item Requirements Type (1) Type (2) Type (3)
The paint should not show strong precipitation
in its original cans & it could be scattered easy
Conditions during can
1 by moving tool into homogenous state & there
opening
is no trace for curdling, livering, skinning or
colour separation.
The paint should not show skinning during 48
2 Skinning
hours in its original well-closed cans.
The paint should not show any trace of
separation chalking or precipitation during the
3 Stability during dilution
dilution of (8) sizes of the paint with (1) size of
suitable solvent.
The paint has good spraying properties when it
4 Spraying properties
is used after diluting with suitable solvent.
a- the fine paint layer has soft appearance free
of coarse grains, deformation & other surface
defects.
5 Appearance
b- The paint should not show lines with
different colour or separation when it is put
on clean dry glass.
The paint layer should reserve its original
6 Appearance after aging colour except a slight changing in colour when
aging for (300) hours.
7 Flexibility & adhesion
breaking or separation from surface.
8 Water resistance elasticity, blistering , adhesion loss or any
trace of damage except a slight loss of gloss.
9 Abrasion resistance
9-1 For grilled layers The paint can not be removed by less than
- white 35 litres from sand
- yellow 30 litres from sand
9-2 For accelerated layers the paint can not be removed by less than 75%
from the sand used to remove grilled layer for
white & yellow paint.
The paint should be encased in suitable cans
which are not effected by the container
10 Encasing contents nor affect on it. The cans should be
clean, sound, tightly sealed & filled into 95%
from its size by paint.
108
Black Bitumens Paints for Cold Application Type *
(I Q.S 1257/1988)
First : Scope
This specification covers black bitumen for cold application type without
pigment or filler which will be used by brushing, spraying or by dipping process so it
become an affective coating for the protection of iron & steel.
The material may also be used to cover substrates other than iron & steel for
protection, water proofing and protection from other weather conditions.
Second : Requirements: as in the following table.

1 Consistency
First type It is suitable for application either by brushing
or by spraying after homogenizing it by a slight
moving or dipping after diluting it according to
producer instructions.
Second type It is suitable for application either by brushing
or by spraying after homogenizing it by a slight
moving.
If the material is to be diluted, white spirit only
should be used for diluting.
The paint surface should be dry in not more than
2 Drying time
24 hours.
The paint shall remain completely adherent to
the substrate, free from blistering. The surface
3 Protection against corrosion
shall show no signs of corrosion when the paint
is removed with a paint remover.
The paint shall show no signs of cracking,
4 Bend test separation of the paint layer by using a bar of
(6mm) dia.
The paint shall yield not more than 50% by
5 Volatile matter
mass of volatile matter.
* It is divided into two types:
a-First type: for general purposes.

b-Second type: for drinking water tanks.
109
6 Classification of danger
according to flash point
a- First type ** a- The paint shall not flash at any temperature

below 32oC for class (a).
b- The paint shall not flash at any temperature
below 22oC for class (b).
b-Second type The paint shall not flash at any temprature
below 32oC.
The resultant paint layre (as a single coat or as

two coats) shall be smooth, opaque & lustrous
7 Finish
black, free from sags or runs or other surface
imperfections.
Water in contact with a dried layer of the paint
shall not acquire an unpleasant taste, shall not
show the presence of dissolved phenols, & shall
8 Effect on water not acquire more than (5) Hazen units of colour.
By agreement between purchaser & vendor the
assessment of taste may be made comparison with
an agreed sample.
The paint, when stored in the original sealed
containers at normal room temperature, shall
9 Storage properties
retain the properties for a period of not less than
one year from the date of delivery.
** The first type of paint is divided into two classes a & b differs from each other in
the flash point.
110
Decorative Paint Semi-gloss
(IQ.S 1506 / 1989)
First : Scope
This specification covers a semi-gloss & an egg shell gloss alkyd paint for
using on wood, metal for interior & exterior surfaces painted with suitable base paint.
The paint shall be free from shells, masses or any
abnormal thickening, it should not show any
Paint condition in
1 precipitation or setting for the pigment; and it
container
could be mixed easy into homogenous, smooth
state.
It gives a homogenous consistency easy to use by
2 Consistency brushing or spraying after it is diluted with
suitable diluent.
(6 – 8) Poise at 25oC by using Rotoths equipment
3 Viscosity
or equivelant.
4 Fineness of grind Should not be more than 40 micrometer.
It should be able to brush easy by soft brush &
6 Brushing property dried into smooth, homogenous layer free from
sagging & other surface defects.
It should be able to be sprayed easy after diluting
7 Spraying property it by suitable diluent. The dry paint layer should
be free from sagging & colour floating on surface.
8 Drying time
- Surface drying 2 hours (max.)
- Solid drying 18 hours (max.)
It should be able to paint again after 24 hours from
9 Repainting the first fine layer without deforming of the first
layer.
The dry fine paint layer should be able to bend on
10 Flexibility & adhesion a bar of (3mm) diameter without cracking or
breaking & it has good adhesion on the surface.
The contrast ratio for the dry layer should not be
less than 0.95 using a paint layer of (75
11 Dry covering
micrometer) thickness on morist paper for
covering by using opaque equipment.
111
12 Specular gloss a- (40 - 70) unit, after 48 hours.
(with 60o angle) b- (40 min.) unit, after 168 hours.
c- (15 – 40) unit, for the egg shell gloss pint.
13 Storage property The paint shall reserve its original properties for a
period of not less than one year from the date of
production.
14 Encasing The paint should be encased in suitable containers
which are not effected by paint nor affect in it & it
should be properly sealed sound & filled into 95 %
from its size by paint.
112
Hot – Applied Thermoplastic Road Marking Materials
(IQ.S 1744/ 1992)
First : Scope
This specification covers white, yellow & black colours of road marking materials
used by thickening & spraying as superimposed layer for center lines, edge lines &
the like.
Binder (synthetic resin
1 20 m 2 ( % by mass from the total mixture )
& oil)
20 % ( by mass from the total mixture) during
2 Solid glass balls (min.)
usage.
Aggregate with pigment,
3 extender & solid glass 80 m 2 % by mass from the total mixture
balls
4 Softening point Should be not less than 65oC
Luminance Factor As received After remelting
a- white 70 (min.) 65 (min.)
5
b- yellow 50 (min.) 45 (min.)
c- black - 10 (max.)
Heat stability
a- white Luminance factor as received or after
remelting for usage should be not less than 65
6 after performing the heat stability test.
b- yellow Luminance factor as received or after
remelting for usage should not be less than 45
after performing the heat stability test.
Should not be more than 25% expressed as a
7 Flow resistance material slump average (white & yellow) as
received or after remelting for using.
It should not be less than 45 for road marking
material (white or yellow) as delivered or
8 Skid resistance
after remelting for usage & should not be less
than 55 for black material.
The material should be encased in suitable
containers which are not effected by the
container nor affect on it & it should be clean,
9 Encasing
well closed & the material weight in the
container should not be less than 20 kg nor
more than 110 kg.
113
Chapter 12
Reinforcement Steel
Title specification
Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel for ASTM A615-86

Concrete Reinforcement
Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement BS4449-1988
of Concrete
Deformed and Plane Billet – Steel Bar for Concrete Reinforcement
(ASTM A 615-86)
First: Tensile :
As mentioned in table (1)
Table 1: Tensile requirements for steel bar for concrete reinforcement

Class
Tensile requirement
Class400 Class300*
Tensile strength min.(mPa) 600 500
Yield strength min. (mPa) 400 300
Elongation for guage length
(200 mm) min(%).
Bar diameter
10 9 11
15,20 9 12
25 8 -
30 7 -
35 7 -
45,55 7 -
* Bar of class 300 made only for diameter from 10 to 20 mm

Second: Bending
Table 2: Bending requirement for concrete reinforcement
Support diameter for bending test*

Bar diameter
Class400 Class300
10,15 3.5 D **3.5D
20 5D 5D
25 5D
30,35 7D
45, 55, (90 o ) 9D
* Bending test at 1800 except what is mentioned otherwise.
D**: Nominal diameter of specimen.

Third: General Appearance, Density, and Diameters, Elongation :
Table3:Requirements of general appearance, density ,diameters, and elongation of

steel bar for concrete reinforcement
Deformed bar designation no. Nominal Masses, Nominal Dimensions ,and Deformation Requirements
Nominal dimensions Deformations requirements
Max. limit Min limit Max. gap
Bar
Nominal Section for the for average (sector for
size Diameter Circumference
mass area distance height of 12.5%from
* (mm) 2 (mm)
(kg /m) (mm ) between deformations nominal)
deformations circumference
10 0.785 11.3 100 35.5 7.9 0.45 4.4
15 1.570 16.0 200 50.3 11.2 0.72 6.3
20 2.355 19.5 300 61.3 13.6 0.98 7.7
25 3.925 25.2 500 79.2 17.6 1.26 9.9
30 5.495 29.9 700 93.9 20.9 1.48 11.7
35 7.850 35.7 1000 112.2 25.0 1.79 14.0
45 11.775 43.7 1500 137.3 30.6 2.2 17.2
55 19.625 56.4 2500 177.2 39.4 2.55 22.2
* The nominal size gives approximate nominal bar diameter in (mm)
**Compare the nominal dimensions of deformed bars equivelant to the smooth bars
depending on the equal mass for the two types of bars.
Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete
(B.S 4449 / 1988)
First: Sizes
As shown in table (1)
Table 1: Nominal sizes for reinforcement steel bars.
Class(N/mm2) Nominal size (mm)

250 8,10,12,16
460 8,10,12,16,20,25,32,40
-When a bar smaller than 8mm is to be used, the recommended size is 6mm.
- When a bar larger than 40 mm is to be used, the recommended size is 50mm.
Second : Nominal Cross- Sectional Area and Mass :

Table 2: Cross- sectional area and mass for steel bars
Nominal size(mm) Cross-sectional area (mm2) Mass per meter length(kg)

6 28.3 0.222
8 50.3 0.395
10 78.3 0.616
12 113.1 0.888
16 201.1 1.579
20 314.2 2.466
25 490.9 3.854
32 804.2 6.313
40 1256.6 9.864
50 1963.5 15.413
Carbon Steel Bars for The Reinforcement of Concrete
(B.S 4449/1988)
The tolerance in the mass should be as mentioned in it table (3)
Table 3: Tolerance in mass.
Nominal size (mm) Tolerance in mass per unit length (%)

6 ±9
8-10 ± 6.5
12 ± 4.5
Third: Chemical Composition:

Table 4: chemical composition of steel grades
Nominal section(mm) Section area (mm2) Mass per unit length

Carbon 0.25 0.25
Sulfur 0.06 0.05
Phosphor 0.06 0.05
Nitrogen 0.012 0.012
Fourth: Tensile Requirements:

The tensile strength requirements for bars should be as mentioned in table (5)
Table 5: tensile requirements for steel bars for reinforcement of concrete
class Characterized tensile strength Min. limit for elongation(%)*

N/ mm2
250 250 22
460 460 12
* For standard length equals to five times the bar diameter .

Fifth: Bond and Deformations: Requirements for deformation should be as follows:-
Type I: A plain square twisted bar, the distance between cycles of twist should not be
greater than 14 times the nominal size of the bar.
Type II : A deformed bar with transverse deformations at uniform spacing not greater
than 0.8 times the nominal bar size for the hot drawn steel and 1.2 times the
nominal bar size for the cold drawn steel.
* The increasing in the deformations area should not be less than 0.15 times the nominal
bar size (mm2/mm) .
Sixth: Bending
The bars should pass the bending test in 1800, and the rebending test.
Chapter 13
Road Works According to Standard
Specification for Roads & Buildings
Title Specification
Earth Works SORB / R5
Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade,
SORB / R6E
Sub-base or Base
Lime Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB / R6F
Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base SORB / R6G
Sub-base Course SORB / R6
Crushed Stone, Crushed Gravel Base Course & SORB / R7
Crushed Macadam Stone Base Course
Vibratory Compacted
Bituminous Prime Coat SORB / R8A
Bituminous Tack Coat SORB / R8B
Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement SORB / R9
(Earth Works)
(SORB / R5)
First: Definition:
a-Earth Works (or top soil): it covers all classes of surface leveling, cultivation &
all types of cut, fill soils.
b-Formation Level: It means surface level under sub-base in case of cuts and fills.
c-Classes of Earth Work: Earth work should be either from soil embankment class
or from general cuts class, while cuts are considered rock when it can not be cut
or bored by bulldozer machine with 350 horse power, it is unallowable to use
stone in embankment of 40 cm depth from end surface to the embankment.
Second: Suitable Material:

It covers all types of soil, which is capable of being compacted according to
the specification to form stable fills having acceptable side slopes.
Third: Unsuitable Material:

It covers the following:
a- The soil contains more than (12 %) by weight organic material.
b- Peat, logs, stumps and perishable material.
c- Flammable materials.
d- Safety or gypsiferous soil containing more than (10 %) of total soluble salts
when used in the top (30 cm) of the embankment, or (20 %) when used in the
rest of embankment.
e- Clayey soil of liquid limit exceeding (70) or plasticity index exceeding (45).
Fourth: Earth Surface Preparations:

Before embankment:
a-Before starting the embankment work and filling, the earth surface should be
removed and cleaned, and all the useless materials must be removed.
b- Compact earth surface: to make the natural ground dry density (88%) as a
minimum limit for (25 cm) depth.
c- If earth surface contains bores, channels, seepage drain, it should be filled and
compact these depressions.
d- If the fill is over previous pavement, it should be scratched and crumbled to a
depth not less than (15 cm); in order to connect and interfere the filling
materials with the previous surface.
But if the new embankment depth is less than (1m), then the previous pavement
should be lifted totally and removed from the road.
Fifth: Earth Work Compaction:
a- Embankment materials should not be compacted unless the moisture ratio is in

the decided limit.
b- Degree of compaction should be measured to each layer twice at least to each
2000 m2.
c- Degree of compaction should not be less than (95%) from max dry density of
fills for construction excavation and excavations of water drain channels.
d- The degree of compaction should not be less than (95%) of the max dry density
of last soil layer and shoulders of (30 cm) depth from the final surface. The
minimum CBR value should not be less than (4%), the liquid limit should not be
less than (55%) and the plasticity index should not be less than (30). Soil with
density of less than 1.7 g/cm3 is considered unsuitable for use in the (30 cm) top
layer, and should be replaced with suitable soil.
e- The embankment with height less than 2 m “except final layer” should be
compacted to (94%) of max. dry density as a minimum limit.
f- The part of embankment with height more than 2 m should be compacted to
(93%) of max. dry density as a minimum limit.
Sixth: The Deviation in the Final Surface Level:
Deviation of soil surface should be measured by using ruler with length

(3 m), and the deeper point of deviation to the ruler should not exceeds the
following:
3 cm For final surface

10 cm For side slopes
3 cm For shoulders
Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade, Sub-base or Base
(SORB / R6E)
First: Materials:
The mix in place method will only be applied to sites when sand and gravel
or sand and gravel mixtures are provided in the same site.
Using fixed mixing machine, materials should comply with specifications as
shown below:
1-1 Silty and clayey coils: it should fulfill the following requirements:
a- Maximum liquid limit (LL) 45%.
b- Maximum plasticity index (PI) 20 %.
c- PH value of soil should not be less than 12.1%.
d- Maximum content of soluble salts, 4% for sulphates and 8% for chlorides.
If the soil at the site dose not meet the conditions mentioned in (C), the soil shall
be improved by adding Calcium chloride up to 2 % of the weight of dry soil.
e- Clayey material percentage finer than 0.002 mm should not exceed 35%.
1-2 Sandy and gravelly soils: it should fulfil the following requirements:
a- Passing from sieve size 50 mm 100 %

b- Passing from sieve size 5 mm (No. 4) Above 50 %
c- Passing from sieve size 0.4 mm (No. 36) Above 15 %
d- Passing from sieve size 0.075 mm (No. 200) Below 5 %
e- Clay finer than 0.002 mm Below 3 %
1-3 Cement:
The cement to be used for stabilization shall be Portland cement or
sulphate resistant cement. The Portland cement shall comply to the requirements
of B.S 12 part 2 (1971) and B.S 4027 part 2 (1972) and the sulphate resistant
cement shall comply to the requirement of AASHTO M85 – 74 Type 5. Cement
in using shall be flowable and free of lumps and its storage time should not
exceed 4 months.
1-4 Water: the water to be used for cement stabilization shall be clean and free
from harmful materials.
Second: Mix Design:
The mix design shall indicate the exact percentages of cement and water that
shall be used in mixture to obtain the required properties in accordance to
specification (AASHTO T134) and as the following:
a- The compressive strength of one set of 3 test specimens shall be 25-50 kg/cm2
after keeping in a place with a minimum humidity (95%) for a period of 7 days
and the test shall be done in accordance with specification (AASHTO T22).
b- The maximum permissive volume swelling shall be (2%) and the maximum
loss in weight (8 %). Testing shall be performed in accordance with
specification (AASHTO T135-70).
c- Tolerances allowed in mix design on the sit as the following:
Cement content (-1 to +2) % of mix design.
Water content (0 to +2) % of mix design.
Third: Composition of Mixture:
The cement content shall be determined at the laboratory so that the minimum
compressive strength is 25 Kg/cm2 and the average compressive strength of the test
specimens is 35 Kg/cm2 minimum at 7 days. The moisture content of the mixture of
cement and fixing material shall be not less than the optimum percentage nor more
than (2%) from the optimum percentage that determined by the test in B.S 1924
(1975).
Fourth: Method of stabilization:
The thickness of stabilized layer shall not be less than 8 cm nor more than 20 cm
after compaction. If the thickness exceeds 20 cm after compaction then the
construction shall be done in two or more layers.
If the stabilized layers were two or more, the style of mix in place will be
permitted only for the construction of the bottom layer, then the stabilization may
be done when the ambient temperature is above 4C° and when the weather is not
rainy.
Fifth: Compaction:
Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the

mixture shall be thoroughly compacted, and the compaction shall be continued until
the entire depth and width of the subgrade or sub-base is uniformly compacted to
the minimum density of (95%) from the maximum density according to (AASHTO
T134-70). The compaction shall be completed within two hours.
Sixth: Thickness and Finish:
The thickness shall comply to the following requirements:

a- The deviation from the designed level for earth works shall not exceed;
(3 cm) for final layer and (3 cm) for shoulders and (10 cm) for side
slopes according to clause R5 – 12 (2) from the fifth section and
deviation of thickness for each of base and sub-base layer shall not
exceed (+1 cm, -2 cm) according to the table R9 / 6 from the ninth sction.
b- In situ dry density of compacted layers shall not be less than (95%) from
the max dry density according to the test (AASHTO T134-70).
c- The deviation of finished surface shall not exceed to (2 cm) when tested
with a (4 m) straight edge.
d- The maximum tolerance of the crossfall shall be (± 0.5% ).
Seventh: Curing and Maintenance:
After completion of compaction, the sub-base layer or base shall be protected

against drying out by keeping it continuously damp or wet for a period of at least
(3 days) or by coating with an approved curing material and it’s not allowed to be
opened for traffic before completion of curing period of a minimum of (7 days).
One day shall be added to that period when the temperature of the surface of the
layer falls to 0C° or below.
Lime Stabilized Sub-grade or Sub-base
(SORB / R6F)
First: Materials:
The Mix in-place method of construction will only be applied for sites consist of
mainly clayey soil or gravel mixed with clay or silty-clay.
The lime stabilization is successful for silty and clayey soils with plasticity index
more than (8).
For the stationary plant method for lime stabilization, the materials must comply
with the specification.
Second: Lime:
The lime, which is used in the stabilization, should be either solid hydroxide
calcium or hydrated lime or quick lime as mentioned in table (1):
Table 1: The required specification for lime

Lime
Type and Properties Hydrated Lime
Quick Lime (CaO)
(Ca(OH) 2)
Calcium, Magnesium Oxides Not less than 92 % Not less than 95 %
Carbon Oxides Not more than 3 % Not more than 7 %
The lime properties should be as specified in (AASHTO M216), and the tests
should be as specified in (AASHTO T219).
Third: Water:
The used water should be clean and free from organic material or any
injurious substances. Water from doubtful sources shall not be used until tested as
specified in (AASHTO T26-72).
Fourth: Composition of Mixture:
The clayey soil shall be mixed with sufficient lime to provide the required
crushing strength. The lime percentage should be (3-8 %). The percentage of lime
shall be determined at the laboratory so that average compressive strength of ten
consequent tests in site is not less than (1 N / mm2), not more than two results
should be less than this value and no individual result should be less than
(0.7N/mm2) when they are tested at 7 days age.
Fifth: The tests:

the soil should be tested for the following tests to assure its suitability for using
in the mixture.
a- Grading tests / AASHTO T88.
b- Atterberg limits Test / AASHTO T89 and AASHTO T90.
c- Acidity test BS1377, test No. 11.
d- Compaction test / AASHTO T99.
e- Natural water content / AASHTO T93.
Sixth: Mix Design:

The mix is designed at laboratory according to the specification AASHTO
T220 to determine the following:
a- The percentage of lime and water (optimum content and tolerances).

b-The density of lime stabilization mixture which must be from minimum
(95%) modified proctor density.
c- The compressive strength at seven days shall not be less than 1N/mm2.
d- The minimum number of tests to be carried out.
Seventh: Compaction:
Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the
mixture shall be thoroughly compacted. Compaction shall continue until the entire
depth and width of the subgrade, sub-base or base is uniformly compacted to the
minimum density of (95%) modified proctor density according to AASHTO T220,
the dry density of the compacted layers shall not be less than (95%) of the
maximum dry laboratory density.
Eighth: Thickness and Finish:
The surface of the sub-grade or sub-base course or base and the thickness of the
layer after completion of the compaction within (1.5 hours) after mixing shall
comply with the drawings and specification and within the following tolerances:
a- The tolerance from desired soil level shall be (+1 cm, -2 cm) for sub-base
according to the table R9 /6.
b- The smoothness of the finished surface shall not vary by more than (3 cm)
when tested with a 4m straight edge.
c- The maximum tolerance of the crossfall shall be (± 0.5 %).
Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade or Sub-base
(SORB / R6G)
First: Materials:
The mix-in place method is applied only to sites with naturally containing sand or
sand and gravel mixture. For stationary plant method of mixing the material shall comply
with the specification as below:
a- Percentage of passing 0.075mm (No. 200) sieve shall not exceed 30%.
b- Liquid limit (L.L) shall not exceed 30%.
c- Plasticity index (PI) shall not exceed 15%.
The stabilizing agent to be used shall be cut back bitumen RC 70 or RC 250 or RC800
complying with AASHTO M81 or AASHTO M82. Also the emulsified asphalt type
cationic SS complying to AASHTO M208 can be used.
The choice of stabilizing agent shall be made on the basis of laboratory trials taking
into account the type of soil, climatic conditions of the site.
Second: Composition of Mixture:
Bitumen soil mixture components shall be limited in laboratory using the procedure
for determining the compressive strength of bituminous mixes in compliance with
AASHTO T167 in order to obtain the optimum mix proportions and limiting the
percentage of stabilizing material and its temperature.
The laboratory trial mixes shall have minimum compressive strength and Marshall
stability as shown in the table below after being air cured for a period of ( 7 days)
Asphalt Mix Properties
Properties Subgrade Sub-base

Compressive strength 25C° 1 N /mm2 2 N / mm2
Marshall stability 60C° 1kN 2kN
The index of retained strength when tested in accordance to AASHTO T165 shall not
be less than 70%.
Third: Compaction:
Immediately after completion of the spreading operation and shaping, the mixture
shall be thoroughly compacted with rubber or pneumatic tyred rollers. Compaction shall
continue until the entire depth and width of the base is uniformly compacted to give the
required unconfined compressive strengths as specified to meet the expected traffic loads.
The tyre prints on the final surface can be removed by using steel-tired tandem roller.
Fourth: Curing:
The need for curing will depend upon the type of bitumen binder used and in
case of mix-in place construction, the stabilized soil may be left uncompacted for a
certain period after mixing to allow for evaporation of volatile materials . Such
aeration before compaction increases stability and decreases water absorption
particularly in fine grained sands and also the curing after compaction allow for
evaporation of volatile materials. this depends on the type of bitumen binder used.
The final surface layer shall be spread by prime coat for protecting against
scratching before spreading of layer of bitumen mixtures or surface layer.
Fifth: Sampling and Testing:

Samples from the plant mixing shall be taken at the plant or on the working
site as specified to determine that if the mixture conform to the job-mix formula
requirement and all temperatures shall be checked.
a- Testing Bituminous Binders:

Cut back bitumen shall be tested in accordance with the following:
Sampling AASHTO T40

Distillation AASHTO T78
Flash Point AASHTO T79
Saybolt-Furol Viscosity AASHTO T72
Kinematics Viscosity AASHTO T201
Absolute Viscosity AASHTO T202
Cationic emulisified bitumen AASHTO T59.

b- Composition of the mix is determined by extraction test in accordance with
AASHTO T164.
c- For testing Compressive Strength and Marshall Stability the samples shall be
taken before compaction.
d-The compacted layer shall be tested after completion of compaction for

checking the in-site density in accordance to specification of (AASHTO
T191), this in-site density should not be less than 95% of the bulk density in
the laboratory.
Sub-Base Course
(SORB / R6)
First: Materials:
The materials shall consist of: Sand & graded gravel, which comply with the
following:
1-1 Coarse aggregate (that retained on 2mm (No. 10) sieve).

a- It shall have a percentage of wear not exceeding 45 when tested in accordance
with (AASHTO T96-74).
b- Flakiness Index shall not exceed 35% by weight.
c- Elongation Index shall not exceed 15% by weight.
1-2 Fine aggregate (passing 2mm (No. 10) sieve).

a- Percentage of organic materials shall not exceed 2% when tested in
accordance with specifications of B.S. 1377 (test No.8), and percentage of
clay lumps shall not exceed 0.25% in accordance with specification of
(AASHTO T112).
b- The material passing 0.425mm (No.40) sieve shall conform with the
following requirements:
Property Method of Test Maximum Limit

Liquid limit AASHTO T89 25%
Plasticity index AASHTO T90 6%
c- The material passing 0.075mm (No.200) sieve shall not be more than (213)
of the passing part from 0.425mm (No. 40) sieve.
1-3 Soluble Salts: the soluble salts shall not be more than 10%.
1-4 Sulphates: the sulphates (SO3) shall not be more than 5% by weight
then it’s tested in accordance with test No.9 of specification BS 1377
(that means gypsum content equals to 10.75%).
1-5 Grading: The grading of the sub-base materials shall be in accordance

with table (1):
Table (1): Gradation of Sub-Base Materials
Sieve Size Percentage of passing materials ( by wight)

mm Imperial (inch) Type A Type B Type C Type D
75 3 100
50 2 95-100 100
25 1 75-95 100 100
9 3/8 30-65 40-75 50-85 60-100
4.75 No. 4 25-55 30-60 35-65 50-85
2.36 No. 8 16-42 21-47 26-52 42-72
0.30 No. 50 7-18 14-28 14-28 23-42
0.075 No. 200 2-8 5-15 5-15 5-20
1-6 The California Bearing Ratio of the sub-base course shall not be less than
35% for type B, not less than 30%. for type C, not less than 20% for type
D, of the maximum density established according to test ASTM D1883
and test AASHTO T180.
Second: Weather Limitations:
Sub-base shall not be placed when the temperature is below 3Co or less.
Third: Placing and Spreading:
The sub-base thickness should not be more than 20 cm.
Fourth: Compaction:
Each layer shall be compacted to get density at least 95% of the maximum dry
density determined by AASHTO T180-74.
Fifth: Deviation of Surface Level:
The surface of each layer of sub-base shall be shaped to a smooth uniform

surface parallel to the finished surface and the deviation in level shall not be more
than 2 cm when tested with a 4m ruler.
Crushed Stone, Crushed Gravel
Base Course Vibratory and Compacted Crushed Macadam
Stone Base Course (SORB / R7)
Base courses from crushed stone & crushed gravel:
First: Aggregate:
The material for the crushed limestone or crushed gravel base course shall be
composed of:
1. Hard and sound.
2. Durable crushed limestone particles.
3. Free from thin elongated, soft and disintegrated material or other
objectionable matter.
Second: Grading:
The grading as determined by AASHTO T27-74
Sieve opening (mm) Percentage passing by weight

37.5 100
25 80-100
12.5 50-80
4.75 30-60
0.425 10-30
0.075 5-15 *
* The fraction of the material passing (0.075mm) sieve shall not be more than
(60%) of the fraction passing (0.425mm) sieve.
* When using the crushed gravel the percentage passing (0.075mm) sieve shall be
(5-12)%.
Third: Fracture:
The aggregate retained on the sieve (4.75mm) shall contain at least (75%) by
weight of crushed particles having more than one fractured face.
Fourth: Abrasion Loss:

As determined by AASHTO T96-74 shall not exceed 45%.
Fifth: Fine Particles:
- The fraction of aggregate passing (2mm) sieve shall consist of

crushed stone or gravel and shall be free of loam, organic or other
foreign matter.
- The material passing (0.425mm) sieve, when prepared in
accordance with AASHTO T146-49 and tested by the appropriate
methods, shall conform with the following requirements:
Test Test specification AASHTO Maximum limit

Liquid limit T89-68 25%
Plasticity index T90-70 4%
Sixth: Gypsum Content:
The gypsum content of crushed gravel in terms of SO3 shall not be more than
5% by weight when tested in accordance with BS 1377 test No. 9.
Seventh: California Bearing Ratio (CBR):
The test is done as determined by ASTM D1883 for 95% of modified proctor.
The factor value should not be less than 80%.
Eighth: Soundness Test:
The test shall be done as determined by AASHTO T104. The loss in weight
should not be more than 12% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5 cycles with
the Na2SO4 solution nor more than 18% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5
cycle with the MgSO4 solution.
Vibratory-Compacted Macadam Stone Base Course
(SORB / R7)
The requirements for the material to be used for the macadam stone base
course shall be the same requirements for the crushed-stone and gravel base course
with the following exceptions:
First: The Material for Macadam Stone-Base:
The material for the macadam stone-base course shall be composed of the
following:
a- Coarse Aggregate:
The coarse aggregate shall consist of either crushed limestone, crushed gravel or
any other suitable crushed material composed of:
1. Clean.
2. Tough.
3. Durable Particles.
4. It shall be free from thin elongated particles.
5. It shall be free from organic materials.
6. If crushed gravel is used, it shall contain 75% of fractured particles.
b- Fine Aggregate:
The fine aggregate is a product of the crushed limestone screening, this aggregate
shall be:
1.Clean.
2.Tough.
3.Durable.
4.Free from dirt and other objectionable material.
Second: Grading:
The grading of the material shall be as determined by AASHTO T27-74 and
complying to the requirements shown in the table below:
Percent passing by weight

Sieve size (mm)
Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate
63 100
50 90-100
37.5 35-70
25 0-15
12.5 0-5
9.5 100
4.75 85-100
0.15 10-30
Third: Abrasion Loss:
The abrasion loss shall be as determined by AASHTO T96-74 and it shall not
exceed 45%.
Fourth: Soundness Test:
The test shall be done as determined by AASHTO T104. The loss in weight
should not be more than 12% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5 cycles with
the Na2SO4 solution nor more than 18% when the aggregate will be exposed to 5
cycles with the MgSO4 solution.
Bituminous Prime Coat
(SORB / R8A)
First: Bituminous Binder:
The bituminous binder shall be:

1. Medium curing cut-back bitumen MC30.
Conforming to AASHTO M82-73 shown in table (1), produced by fluxing an
85 / 100 bitumen with GORA Kerosene.
Second: Bituminous Binder Properties:
1. Free from water.

2. The components shall not be separated before using.
Third: Tests:
The tests shall be done according to AASHTO as follows:

1. Sampling T40-67.
2. Water Content T55-70.
3. Viscosity T72-74.
4. Distillation T78-74.
Fourth: Mixing Preparations:
The approximate composition of the cut-back bitumen is one part kerosene to

one and a half parts bituminous cement by volume.
The bituminous binder may also be a cationic bituminous emulsion conforming
to AASHTO M208 grades CSS-1 or CSS-1h.
Fifth: Sampling and Testing For Bituminous Emulsion:
Sampling of cationic bituminous emulsions shall be in accordance with

AASHTO T40 and tested in accordance with AASHTO T59 and AASHTO M208.
Sixth: Quantities to be applied:
Bituminous binder shall be applied in quantities of not less than 0.5 liter/m2 nor
more than 1.2 liter/m2 of base course. The exact quantities to be applied may be
varied to suit field conditions, will be approved by the Engineer’s Representative.
Cationic bituminous emulsion shall be applied at such rates as to leave residual
bitumen content on the base surface of not less than 0.6 liter/m2 nor more than 1.2
liter/m2.
Seventh: Weather Limitations:
1. The prime coat shall be applied only when the base course is dry, or contains
little moisture, which will permit uniform distribution and the desired
penetration.
2. It shall not be applied when ambient temperature is below 15C°.
Eighth: Preparation of Surface:
1. Immediately before applying the prime coat, all loose material, dirt, or other
objectionable material shall be removed from the surface to be primed by air
compressor or power brooms or by hand brooms.
2. If the surface is excessively dry or dusty it shall be lightly and uniformly
sprinkled with water immediately in advance of priming, but bituminous
binder shall not be applied until all free surface water has been disappeared.
Ninth: Application of Bituminous Binder:
1. Following the application of prime coat, the surface shall be allowed to cure
for a period of at least 24 hours without external effects.
2. Additional period of time is allowed for curing to attain penetration into the
base course and aeration of the volatiles from the prime coat.
3. On the areas which show an excess of bituminous material, sufficient clean
sand shall be spread in order to dry the surface.
Tenth: Maintenance of the Primed Surface:
The primed surface shall be maintained before the asphaltic concrete layer of
pavement has been placed.
Bituminous Tack Coat
(SORB / R8B)
First: Bituminous Binder:

The bituminous binder consists of the following:
1. Rapid curing cut-back bitumen RC70.
2. Rapid curing cut-back bitumen RC250.
Conforming to AASHTO M81-70 shown in table (2) in the appendix, produced
by fluxing an 85/100 penetration bitumen with GORA standard-motor spirit.
Second: Properties of Bituminous Binder:

1. Free from water.
2. The contents should not be separated prior to use.
Third: Testing:
The tests shall be performed in accordance with the following standard
AASHTO:
1.Sampling T40-67
2.Water Content T55-70
3.Viscosity T72-74
4.Distillation T78-74
The approximate composition of the cut-back bitumen is one part motor spirit
to two parts bitumen cement by volume. The bituminous binder may also be
cationic bituminous emulsion conforming to AASHTO M208 grade CSS-1h or
CSS-1 shown in table (3) in the appendix.
Fourth: Sampling and Testing for bituminous Emulsion:

Sampling of bituminous emulsion shall be in accordance with AASHTO T40
and tested in accordance with AASHTO T59 and AASHTO M208.
Fifth: Quantities to be Applied:

Bituminous shall be applied in quantities of not less than 0.15 liter/m2 nor more
than 0.5 liter/m2 of surface. The quantities may be varied to suit field conditions.
Cationic bituminous emulsion shall be applied at such rates as to leave residual
bitumen content of not less than 0.1 liter/m2 nor more than 0.35 liter/m2.
Sixth: Weather Limitations:
1. The tack coat shall be applied only when the binder course or base course is
dry and free from dust.
2. It shall not be applied when the ambient temperature is below 15C°.
Seventh: Preparation of Surface:
Before applying the tack coat all loose material, dirt or dust shall be removed
from the surface by blowers, power brooms or hand brooms.
Eighth: Application of Bituminous Binder:
1. Immediately following the preparation of the surface, the bituminous binder

shall be applied by a hand power spray at a temperature of 65C° to 85C°, and
with pressure and suitable amounts where the bituminous binder shall be
applied so that uniform distribution is obtained over all of the surface.
2. The tack coat shall be applied only a short distance in advance of the finisher
of the bituminous base course or binder course and within time not exceeding
(2) hours before placing the asphaltic concrete.
3. The solvent must be evaporated before the asphaltic concrete layer is placed
on the adhesive material.
4. The treated surface with tack coat shall be maintained in a satisfactory
condition until the asphaltic concrete layer has been placed and the traffic
movement is prevented prior to the application of the asphaltic concrete layer.
Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement
(SORB / R9)
First: Materials:
1-1 Aggregate: aggregate shall be of uniform quality, crushed to size as

necessary and its components have the following properties:
a- Sound
b- Tough
c- Durable
d- Clean
e- Free from clay lumps and clay coated properties
f- Free from organic matters or other deleterious substances and it shall be
subjected to the requirements mentioned in table (1)
Table 1: Aggregate requirements
Tested in accordance with AASHTO T96-74
Percentage of -for surface course 30 max.
mechanical abrasion -for binder course 35 max..
-for base course 40 max..
Tested in accordance with AASHTO T90-70 and
Plasticity index
AASHTO T89-68 3 max.
Gypsum content and Tested in accordance with BS.1377, test No. 9
sulphates salts 2% max.
1-2 Coarse Aggregate: It’s the aggregate retained on the sieve (4.75mm)
which is combined crushed stone or crushed gravel used for surface and
binder course of class (II, III) and it shall meet the requirements
mentioned in table (2).
Table 2: Coarse aggregate requirements
The degree of crushing shall be such that at least
Degree of crushing 70% by weight of the material retained on the No. 4
sieve (4.75mm) that has at least one fractured face.
Modulus of The test in accordance with BS. 12, part 3 modulus
flakiness and of elongation: 15% as a max limit.
elongation Modulus of flakiness: 25% as a max limit.
When the coarse aggregate is used for surface layer
Polished stone on express ways or class A road, the polished stone
value (PSV) value (PSV) of the coarse aggregate when tested in
accordance with BS.812 part 3 shall be less than 50
The coating and stripping shall be above 95% when
Coating and
tested in according to AASHTO T82-70 or ASTM
stripping
D 1664-80 specifications.
1-3 Fine Aggregate: It’s the portion of combined aggregates passing the
4.75mm (No. 4 sieve) it shall be:
a. Clean
b. Rough-surfaced
c. Angular grains
d. Durable
e. Free of any organic or other deleterious materials.
1-4 Mineral Filler: Mineral filler shall be:

a. Limestone or other stone dust.
b. Portland cement.
c. Hydrated lime or other inert material.
Properties:
1. Clean
2. Free of the aggregate pieces
3. Dry
4. It shall meet with the requirements in table (3).
Table 3: Mineral filler requirements
Plasticity index Max. limit 4, test according to AASHTO T90-70

Sieve size mm Percentage passing by weight
0.600 100
Grading
0.180 95-100
0.075 65-100
1-5 Asphaltic Cement: It shall be homogeneous, free from water and shall
not foam when heated to 180C° according to table (4).
Table 4: Asphaltic cement requirements
Asphalt class
Item
Test
Property
AASHTO B 40 / 50 B 50 / 60 B 60 / 70
Penetration at 25°c
1. 100gm, 5sec. (1/10 T49 40-50 50-60 60-70
mm)
Softening Point
2. T53 51-62 50-60 48-58
(R&B) °c
Ductility at 25°c
3. T51 >100 >100 >100
5cm / sec (cm)
Flash Point (°c)
4. T48 >240 >230 >230
(C.O.C)
Solubility in
5. trichloro-ethylene T44 >99 >99 >99
(%)
Residue from thin-
T179
film oven test
- Retained
Penetration % of >50 >50 >50
original
- Ductility at 25°c,
>50 >50 >50
5cm / sec (cm).
1-6 Admixtures: Hydrated lime or any added chemical materials (fixed

scientificaly) can be used as anti stripping materials.
Hydrated lime: it should comply with AASHTO M216.
Usage:
1. It should be added in drying form with 1.5% from the aggregate weight.
2. The system of adding the hydrated lime to the aggregate in the asphalt
plant shall insure a homogeneous mixing and prevent the occurrence of
Arching.
Second: Composition of Mixtures:
2-1 Mixture Composition: the mixture shall be composed of (coarse aggregate,

fine aggregate, filler, asphaltic cement and admixtures)
2-2 Grading: the mixture should comply with the table below and the aggregate
grading should not vary between the minimum for the specific sieve to the
maximum for the following sieve:
Table 5: Requirements of aggregate mixture grading
Asphaltic
I II III
Concrete Class
Max. Size of
25 mm 19 mm 12.5 mm 9.5 mm
Aggregate
Mixture Using Base Course Binder Course Surface Course
Sieve Size Percentage passing by weight of total aggregate filler
mm Inch Normal Soft
37.5 1.5 100
25 1 70-95 100
19 3/4 58-86 80-100 100
12.5 1/2 46-70 60-84 66-95 100
9.5 3/8 38-65 49-74 54-88 80-100
4.75 No. 4 25-50 32-58 37-70 46-76
2.36 No. 8 15-40 23-45 26-50 28-58
0.3 No. 50 5-18 8-20 8-22 8-24
0.075 No. 200 2-8 3-8 4-10 4-12
Asphaltic cement
% from the total 3-5.5 3.5-6.5 4-7 4-7
weight
2-3 The Relation Ship Between Filler and Bitumen:
Shall be determined prior to the mix design on the basis of softening point of
bitumen mortar (the mixture of bitumen and filler) as described below:
Table 6: Requirements of mixture of bitumen and filler
Item Requirements
It shall be done according to AASHTO T53 on
mortar with filler: bitumen ratios
(0.75:1), (1:1), (1.25:1), (1.5:1), (1.75:1)
The ratio chosen which produce the following
1. Ring & ball test softening point (ring and ball test)
For surface course 75C° as a min. limit

For binder course 65C° as a min. limit
For base course 60C° as a min. limit
Shall be done in a suitable temperature which
guarantees:
2. Preparation of
thorough mixing.
bitumen mortar
complete coating of filler particles with
bitumen.
3. Particle size of The fraction of filler passing sieve No. 200
filler material (0.075 mm) shall be used.
Third: Job Mix Formula (J.M.F.):
3-1 Tolerances in the formula:
Tolerances allowed in the job mix formula are shown in table (7)
Table 7
Aggregate or mix compound size Tolerances
Aggregate passing sieve 4.75 mm (No. 4) or larger ± 6%
Aggregate passing sieve 2 mm (No. 10) and smaller ± 4%
Filler passing sieve 0.75 mm (No. 200) ± 1.5%
Bitumen content ± 0.3%
Mix temperature ± 15°c
3-2 Testing of Asphaltic Mixture by Job-Mix Formula:
The asphaltic mixture shall have the test properties shown in table (8) when
compacted by 75 blows of a standard Marshall Hammer on each face.
Table 8: Properties of asphaltic mixture
Type I Type II Type III

Property
Base course Binder course Surface course
Resistance to plastic
flow (ASTM D1559) 75
blows on each face
- Marshall stability (kN) 5 (min.) 7 (min.) 8 (min.)
- Marshall flow (mm) 2-4 2-4 2-4
Voids in Marshall 2-7 3-6 3-5
specimen %
Voids filled with 55-75 60-80 65-85
bitumen %
Immersion –
compression ASTM
D1075
- Index or retained 60 (min.) 70 (min.) 70 (min.)
strength % **
** If apparatus is not available, the decrease in Marshall stability is determined by

comparing Marshall specimens immersed in water at a temperature of 60C° for 24
hours with specimens immersed at the same temperature 60C° for 30 to 40 minutes.
The decrease in Marshall Stability shall not be more than 35% for type I and 25%
for types II & III.
Fourth: Equipment:
4-1 Equipments in general: all equipments, tools and machines used in

the performance of the work shall be either new or used in top grade.
4-2 Asphalt mixing plant: the mixing plant should comply with the two
specifications ASTM D290, ASTM D995 so that to produce asphaltic
mixture within the job-mix formula and shall be a weight type or a volumetric
type of continuous mixing.
4-3 Compaction equipment: the following rollers shall be used:

1. Smooth-steel wheeled rollers.
2. Multi-wheeled pneumatic tyred rollers.
3. Vibrating rollers.
Fifth: Preparation of Pavement Surface:
5-1 Preparation: before applying the asphalt course on the surface to be

paved, the flatness of the surface shall be tested with a (4m) ruler complying
with the following table:
Course Max. difference of flatness

Surface 6 mm
Binder 10mm
5-2 Other States: where local irregularities in the surface are greater than
(20 mm), mixture of asphaltic concrete shall be applied on these regions.
After compaction of the surface, it shall be tested by a ruler of (4 m)
length in order to assure compliance with the previous table.
5-3 When spreading asphalt mixture upon a concrete surface, all expansion
joints and cracks shall be sealed by application to an approved asphaltic joint
sealing compound, conforming B.S 2499 (1973), class A, Grade I & II.
Sixth: Spreading and Finishing:

The temperature of the mixed asphalt:
The temperature of the mixed asphalt when dumped into the spreader shall be as
in the following table:
Course Temperature
Surface 130C° (min)
Binder 120C° (min)
Seventh: Field Compaction:
7-1 Roller Type: Each surface and binder course shall be compacted by
using rollers from the types mentioned in the following table:
Weight Roller type Cylinder width

8000-10000 Kg Smooth steel wheeled roller 45 cm
Multi-wheeled pneumatic-tyred
8000-10000 Kg -
roller
The final surface of pavement shall be compacted by smooth steel
wheeled roller
7-2 Temperature: The roller shall not be permitted to stand on pavement
whose temperature is less than 70C°.
7-3 Compaction ratio test: Asphaltic pavement density shall be measured

by:
1. Measurement of density core taken from asphaltic concrete pavement

according to AASHTO T166-74.
2. Nuclear Method: According to ASTM D2950-74.
This density shall be compared with laboratory density for Marshall specimens
prepared by compacting each face of Marshall mould 75 blows as mentioned
below.
Work type Compaction ratio

1.For normal methods > 96%
2.For express ways, bridges and the approaches to
> 98%
bridges for a distance of 200 m on each side
Eighth: Weather limitations:

Surface condition and air temperature:
a- Asphaltic concrete shall not be laid on surface in the following states :
1-when free standing water is present on the surface .
2-when the surface is frozen
3- = = = covered with ice snow .
4- = = air temperature is 5Co or less.
5-if the weather is wet & threaten to be prolonged .
b-Asphalt concrete laying shall not be ceased when the air temperature is 5Co or
more.
c-when the air temperature falls 15Co special precautions shall be taken to control
the temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture from the delivery from the asphalt
plant up to spreading on the road surface so that the asphalt mixture temperature
should suit the compaction process .
Ninth: Smoothness of pavement course:
After the completion of the final rolling, the pavement course shall be smooth
.Any irregularities that exceed the specified tolerances which will causes pounding
of water on the surface shall be corrected by removing the defective area
&replacing with new paramount course on the account of the contractor
Tenth: Thickness of pavement courses:
Thickness of pavement courses in the case of decreasing in pavement course

thickness the following procedures :
Decrease in thickness Procedures

Less than 3 mm Acceptable
More than 3mm Unacceptable(in general)
Acceptable with price
(3-10)mm
discount
The layer shall be removed
More than 10mm
and replaced
Eleventh: Condition of Pavement Surface:
Pavement surface should have the following characteristics

1- uniformly coarse textured.
2- impermeable
3- well compacted joints and smoothly connected to existing pavement
4- bleeding of asphalt must not be existing on surface.
5- the pavement shall be stable and free from rutting , crakings and surface
disintegrations.
Twelfth: Pavement Surface Level Pavement Depth:
Vertical depth of pavement between any two pavement surface shall be

according to the following table:
Layer Tolerance
Surface course ± 4mm
Binder course ± 6mm
Base course +10mm –20mm
Sub-base +10mm-20mm
Thirteenth: Surface Regularity:
13-1 The longitudinal regularity of the surface of surface course &binder course
shall be submitted to the following table:
Course Surface Binder
Irregularity exceeding 3mm 6mm 3mm 6mm
Length (m) 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75
Road of class A 20 9 2 1 40 18 4 2
Road of class B 40 18 4 2 60 27 6 3
The irregularity is a variation in the pavement course level measured by the rolling
straight edge .No irregularity exceeding 10mm shall be permitted .
13-2 Transversely Surface Regularity:

the surface shall be measured transversely for regularity by a 4m long straight-
edge placed at right angles to the center line of the road .The maximum deviation of
the pavement surface below the straight-edge shall not exceed 3 mm.
13-3 Longitudinal & Transversely Surface Regularity:

When the rolling straight-edge is not available, the surface shall be tested with a
straight-edge 4m long placed parallel or at right angle to the center line of the road.
The allowable deviation of the surface shall be:
Course Maximum allowable deviation

Surface 3mm
Binder 6mm
Fourteenth: Sampling:
Item Specification
Sampling in It shall be in accordance with AASHTO T168 where the
plant results should comply with the job mix-formula.
The number of samples shall be a minimum of one sample
Number
for one day from one plant
Sampling at
It shall be in accordance with AASHTO T168
roadway
The number of samples shall be a minimum of two
samples for each work day. The size of each sample2 shall
be specified by not less than 30cm×30 cm (900 cm )that
Number and taken after roller. In the case of sampling by core drilling
size ,the diameter shall be at a minimum of 10cm &the number
of cores shall not be less than two for one kilometer of the
road. The thickness rate shall be taken for one kilometer in
order to measure pavement thickness.
The samples test shall not be delayed because the asphaltic
Age mixture properties will be effected by the long period of
reserve.
Appendix of chapter 13
( Road Works )
Title Property
Cut Back Asphalt ( Rapid-Curing Type ) AASHTO M81-75
Cut Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type) AASHTO M81-75
Cationic Emulsified Asphalt AASHTO M08-72

Chapter 14
Engineering Properties Soil (Geotechnique)
Contents:
Soil Particle Size Limits
Typical Void Ratio Moisture Content and Dry Unit Weight
For Some Soils
Denseness of a Granular Soil
Typical Liquid and Plastic Limits For Some Clay Minerals
Unified Soil Classification System (USS)
Hydraulic of Clay
Consistency of Clay
Correction for Standard Penetration Number, N
Relation Between The Corrected N- Values And The
Relative Density in Sands
Correlation Between NF σv ,ф Sands For Granular soils
Correction of Cone Resistance With σv ,ф And Dr For N.C
Reference
Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja Das- 1999
157
Table 1 : The requirements of Bituminous Prime coat classes according to ( AASHTO M82 – 1975 )
MC-30 MC-75 MC-250 MC-800 MC-3000

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Kinematic Viscosity at 60 C ( 140 F ) 30 60 70 140 250 500 800 1600 3000 6000
( see Note-1 ) centistokes
Flash point ( Tab. Open-cup ) , 38 --- 38 --- 66 --- 66 --- 66 ---
Degrees C ( F ) ( 100 ) ( 100 ) ( 150 ) ( 150 ) ( 150 )
Water percent --- 0.2 --- 0.2 --- 0.2 --- 0.2 --- 0.2
Distillation test :
Distillate percentage by volume of total
distillate to 360 C ( 680 F )
To 225 C ( 437 F ) --- 25 0 20 0 10 --- --- --- ---
To 260 C ( 500 F ) 40 70 20 60 15 55 0 35 0 15
To 315 C ( 600 F ) 75 93 65 90 60 87 45 80 15 75
Residue from distillation to 360C ( 680 F ) 50 --- 55 --- 67 --- 75 --- 80 ---
volume percentage of sample by difference
Tests on residue from distillation :
Absolute viscosity at 60C (140 F) 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200 300 1200
( See Note 4 ) poises
Ductility ,5cm/cm. , cm. ( See Note 2 ) 100 --- 100 --- 100 --- 100 --- 100 ---
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent 99.0 --- 99.0 --- 99.0 --- 99.0 --- 99.0 ---
Spot test ( See Note 3 ) with :
Standard naphtha Negative for all grades
Naphtha-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Heptane-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Note 1. As an alternate. Saybolt-Furol viscosities may be specified as follows : Note 3 . The use of the spot test is optional . When specified , the Engineer shall indicate whether
Grade MC-70 ___ Furol viscosities at 50 C ( 122 F ) ___ 60 to 120 sec. the standard naphtha solvent. The naphtha xylene solvent ,or the heptane xylene solvent will be
Grade MC-30 ___ Furol viscosities at 25 C ( 77 F ) ___ 75 to 150 sec. used in determining compliance with the requirement , and also in the case of the xylene solvents,
Grade MC-250 ___ Furol viscosities at 60 C ( 140 F ) ___ 125 to 250 sec. the percentage of xylene to be used .
Grade MC-800 ___ Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F ) ___ 100 to 200 sec. Note 4 . In lieu of viscosity of the residue , the specifying agency , at its option can specify
Grade MC-3000 ___ Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F ) ___ 300 to 600 sec. penetration 100g : 5g at 25 C (77 F) of 120 to 250 for Grades MC-30 , MC-70 , MC-250 ,
Note 2 . If the ductility at 25 C ( 77 F ) is less than 100, the material will be acceptable MC-800,and MC-3000 . However , in no case will both be required .
if its ductility at 15.5 C (60 F) is more than 100 .
153
Table 2 : The requirements of Bituminous tack coat classes according to (AASHTO M81 – 1975 )
RC-70 RC-250 RC-800 RC-3000

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Kinematic Viscosity at 60C (140F) ( See Note 1) centistokes 70 140 250 500 800 1600 3000 6000
Flash point (Tag , open-cup ) --- --- 27 --- 27 --- 27 ---
degrees C (F) (80) (80) (80)
Water percent --- 0.2 --- 0.2 --- 0.2 --- 0.2
Distillation test :
Distillate percentage by volume of total distillate to 360 C
( 680 F )
To 190 C ( 374 F ) 10 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
To 225 C ( 437 F ) 50 --- 35 --- 15 --- --- ---
To 260 C ( 500 F ) 70 --- 60 --- 45 --- 25 ---
To 315 C ( 6 00 F) 85 --- 80 --- 75 --- 70 ---
Residue from distillation to 360C ( 680 F ) volume percentage 55 --- 65 --- 75 --- 80 ---
of sample by difference
Tests on residue from distillation :
Absolute viscosity at 60C (140 F) ( See Note 3 ) poises 600 2400 600 2400 600 2400 600 2400
Ductility ,5 cm/min.at 25C ( 77 F )cm . 100 --- 100 --- 100 --- 100 ---
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent 99.0 --- 99.0 --- 99.0 --- 99.0 ---
Spot test ( See Note 2 ) with :
Standard naphtha Negative for all grades
Naphtha-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Heptane-xylene solvent,- percent xylene Negative for all grades
Note 1. As an alternate. Saybolt-Furol viscosities may be specified as follows : Note 2 . The use of the spot test is optional . When specified , the Engineer shall indicate
Grade RC-70 ___ Furol viscosities at 50 C ( 122 F ) ___ 60 to 120 sec. whether the standard naphtha solvent. The naphtha xylene solvent ,or the heptane
Grade RC-250 ___ Furol viscosities at 60 C ( 140 F ) ___ 125 to 250 sec. xylene solvent will be used in determining compliance with the requirement , and also
Grade RC-800 ___ Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F ) ___ 100 to 200 sec. in the case of the xylene solvents , the percentage of xylene to be used .
Grade RC-3000 ___ Furol viscosities at 82.2 C ( 180 F ) ___ 300 to 600 sec. Note 3. In lieu of viscosity of the residue , the specifying agency , at its option can specify
penetration at 100g: 5g at 25 C (77 F) of 80 to 120 for Grades RC-70 , RC-250 , RC-800 ,
and RC-3000 . However , in no case will both be required .
154
Table 3 : Requirements for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Type
Rapid Setting Medium Setting Slow Setting
Grade
CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Tests on emulsions :
Visc.,Saybolt Furol at
77F (25C )sec…
Visc.,Saybolt Furol at 122 20 100 20 100
F (50C)sec….. 20 100 100 400 50 450 50 450
Settlement ,a5 days,% 5 5 5 5 5 5
Storage Stability Test ,b1
day ,%......... 1 1 1 1 1 1
Demulsibility,c35ml 0.8%
sodium dioctyl sulfosuc-
cinate ,% 40 40
Coating ablity and water
resistance:
Coating ,dry aggregate .. Good Good
Coating,after spraying Fair Fair
Coating ,wet aggregate .. Fair Fair
Coating,after spraying Fair Fair
Partical charge test…. Positive Positive Positive Positive Positived Positived
Sieve Test ,% 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Cement mixing test ,% 2.0 2.0
Distillation:
Oil distillate ,by volume
of emulsion,% 3 3 12 12
Residue,%.... 60 65 65 65 57 57
Table (3) Continued with footnotes on next page .
155
Complement of table (3)
Type
Rapid Setting Medium Setting Slow Setting
Grade
CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Tests on residue from distillation test :
Peneteration ,25C ( 77F) ,100g, 5sec… 100 250 100 250 100 250 40 90 100 250 40 90
Ductility,25C (77F),5cm per min,cm... 40 40 40 40 40 40
Solubility in trichloroethylene , % … 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5
gested uses : Surface treatment , Surface treatment , Plant or road mixture with coarse Plant or road mixture with graded
penetration maca- penetration maca- aggregate substantially all of and fine aggregates,a substantial
dam and tack dam . which is retained on a No. 8 sieve quantity of which passes a No. 8
coat . and practically none of which sieve and a portion of which may
passes a No.200 ( 0.075 mm) sieve pass a No.200 ( 0.075 mm) sieve
slurry seal treatment .
- The test requirement for settlement may be waived when the emulsified asphalt is used in less than 5 days time ; or the purchaser may require that
the settlement test be run from the time the sample is received until it is used , if the elapsed time is less than 5 days .
- The 24 hour (1 day ) storage stability test may be used instead of the 5 days settlement test .
- The demulsibility test shall be made within 30 days from date of shipment .
- If the Particle Charge Test result is inconclusive , material having a maximum pH value of 6.7 will be acceptable .
156
Chapter 2
Aggregate
Title Specification
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete IQ.S 45/1984
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete B.S 882/1992
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete ASTM C33/86
Filter Sand And Filter Gravel For Water IQ.S 1555/2000

Purification Filter
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete
( I Q.S 45 / 1984 )
First: Harmful Materials

1-1-Organic materials: The aggregate must not contain harmful organic materials to a
degree that affects on concrete resistance & durability when organic materials is
tested according to (IQ.S 33).
1-2-Sulfur salts :--The ratio of SO3 is not more than what recorded in table (1).
Table 1: Ratios of sulfur salts permitted in aggregate and cement mixtures

Maximum limit of S03 percentage
Structure part In cement mixtures (total salt
In fine aggregate
content)
1-First group:- 0.5% 4 (%) from cement weight for
a-reinforced concrete for mixtures of 300(kg/m3)cement
foundations content or more &4.5% for
b-structure parts in touch cement content more than 250
with water (kg/m3) and less than
c-prestressed concrete 300(kg/m3)and 5% for cement
except what is content less than 250 (kg/m3)
mentioned in (2-C)
2-Second group : 0.75% 4.5 % from cement weight of
a-all types of reinforced mixtures of 300 (kg/m3) cement
concrete & non or more and 5%for cement
reinforced mentioned in content more than 250 (kg/m3)
(1,3) and less than 300 (kg/m3) and
b-concrete slabs & flags 5.5 % for cement content less
c-prestressed concrete than 250 (kg/m3)
cured by steam that is
not intouch with water
3-Third group: 0.75% 6 %from cement weight
cement mortar
4-Fourth group : 1% =
a-provisional concrete with
age of not more than 10
years
b-concrete blocks
* SO3 percentage not more than 0.1% weight in coarse aggregate

Second: Potential Strength For Alkali
The aggregate is fixed as in previous use or in lab. tests according to (IQ.S 42) that is
resistant to alkalis in cement, and if the aggregate does not has this resistance then it
will not be used or it will be used with low alkali cement.
Third: Light Materials

Not more than the limits shown in table (2)
Fourth: The Friable Materials

Fifth: Materials passing through the sieve (75-micron)

Table 2: Permitted limits of harmful materials in aggregate
Harmful Permitted limits (%) by weight

materials Coarse agg. Fine agg.
Natural Crushed Natural Crushed
gravel stone sand stone sand
Light materials 1 1 1 1
Ratio of friable 2 2 1 1
materials
Materials 3 3 5 15
passing sieve
(75) micron
Sixth: Mechanical Properties: -
6-1: The value of required load to produce 10% fine materials: required load is not less
than (5tons) for aggregate using in normal concrete and (10tons) for aggregate using
in concrete exposed to water.
6-2: Crushing strength: not more than 45% for aggregate used in
normal concrete & 30% for aggregate used in concrete exposed
to water.
6-3: Impact value: loss limit by weight is not more than 35% in the
case of natural gravel & crushed gravel & stone.
Seventh: - Stability
Loss after 5 cycles is not more than 12% in Na2SO4 solution & 18% in MgSO4 for
coarse aggregate & 10% in Na2SO4 & 15% in MgSO4 for fine aggregate.
Eighth: Gradation
8-1: Coarse aggregate -: coarse aggregate of graded sizes or
single size are shown in table (3)
8-2: Fine aggregate-: Fine aggregate must be graded as shown in table (4) & sum of
allowable differences must not be more than 5 % , this difference includes only
under-lined ratios , which can be divided on many sieves &the ratio of materials
passing through the sieve 50 micron can be increased in the case of crushed stone
sand to 20 %
8-3 All in aggregate: All in aggregate of graded sizes is shown in table (5)
Table 3 : Gradation limits for coarse aggregate
Sieve Percentage of materials passing through sieves

size Original size of graded Original size for aggregate of single size(mm)
IQ.S 23 aggregate
40- 20- 14- 63mm 40mm 20mm 14mm 10mm
5mm 5mm 5mm
75mm 100 ----- ----- 100 ----- ----- ----- -----
63mm ----- ----- ----- 85-100 100 ----- ----- -----
37.5mm 95-100 100 ----- 0-30 85-100 100 ----- -----
20mm 35-70 95-100 100 0-5 0-25 85-100 100 -----
14mm ----- ----- 90-100 ----- ----- ----- 85-100 100
10mm 10-40 30-60 50-85 ----- 0-5 0-25 0-25 85-100
5mm 0-5 0-10 0-10 ----- ----- 0-5 0-10 0-25
2.36mm ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 0-5
Table 4 :Fine aggregate
Sieve No. Percentage of materials passing through sieves

IQ.S 23 Gradation Gradation Gradation Gradation
zone zone zone zone
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4
10mm 100 100 100 100
4.75mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600 micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300 micron 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150 micron 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
Table 5: All-in aggregate
Sieve No. Percentage for materials passing through sieves

Nominal size 40mm Nominal size 20mm
75mm 100 -----
37.5mm 95-100 100
20mm 45-80 95-100
4.75mm 25-50 35-55
600 micron 8-30 10-35
150 micron 0-6 0-6
Aggregate From Natural Sources For Concrete
(B.S. 882/1992)
First : Flakiness Index

Shall not exceed 50 for uncrushed gravel and 40 for crushed gravel
Second : The Shells

Table 1: Limits of shell content
Size Limits of shell

content(%)
Fractions of single size, or of graded or 20
all-in aggregate that are finer than
10mm and coarser than 5mm
Fractions of single sizes or of graded or 8

all-in aggregate that are coarser than
10mm No requirement
Aggregates finer than 5mm
Third: - Mechanical properties

Limited as mentioned in table (2) either by required loading value to produce 10 % fine
materials or by cruch strength
Aggregate From Natural Sources Used In Concrete
(B.S. 882/ 1992)
Table 2: Limiting values of mechanical properties for different types of concrete
Type of concrete Load required to obtain Aggregate

10% fines value (min.) kN impact value
(max.) %
Concrete floors exposed to 150 25
severe abrasion
Pavement wearing surfaces 100 30
Others 50 45
Fourth: Acid soluble sulphate content:

According to BS 5328/1976 & B.S. 8110/1985
Fifth: Grading
5-1 Coarse aggregate: As shown in table 3
Table 3: Coarse aggregate
Sieve Percentage by mass passing sieves

size Graded aggregate Single-size aggregate
40mm 20mm 14mm 40mm 20mm 14mm 10mm 5mm
to 5mm to 5mm to 5mm
50 100 ----- ----- 100 ----- ----- ----- -----
37.5 90-100 100 ----- 85-100 100 ----- ----- -----
20 35-70 90-100 100 0-25 85-100 100 ----- -----
14 25-55 40-80 90-100 ----- 0-70 85-100 100 -----
10 10-40 30-60 50-85 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100 100
5 0-5 0-10 0-10 ----- 0-5 0-10 0-25 45-
100
2.36 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 0-5 0-30
5-2 Grading of fine aggregate (sand): -

Grading of the sand shall comply with the overall limits given in table (4)
additionally, not more than one in ten consecutive samples shall have grading outside
the limits for any one of the grading zones C,M or F given in table 4.
Table 4: Gradation of fine aggregate
Percentage by mass passing sieve

Sieve size
Overall Limits for grading zones
(mm)
limits C M F
10 100 ----- ----- -----
5 89-100 ----- ----- -----
2.36 60-100 60-100 65-100 80-100
1.18 30-100 30-90 45-100 70-100
0.6 15-100 15-54 25-80 55-100
0.3 5-70 5-40 5-48 5-70
0.15 *0-15 ----- ----- -----
*Increased to 20 % for crushed fine aggregate

B-Grading of fine aggregate for heavy duty floors must comply with grading limits of
C,M zones mentioned in table (4)
5-3 :All in aggregate :the grading is as given in table (5)
Table 5: All –in aggregate
Sieve size Percentage by mass passing through the sieve for nominal size
(mm) 40 mm 20mm 10mm 5mm*
50 100 ----- ----- -----
37.5 95-100 100 ----- -----
20 45-80 95-100 ----- -----
14 ----- ----- 100 -----
10 ----- ----- 95-100 100
5 25-50 35-55 30-65 70-100
2.36 ----- ----- 20-50 25-100
1.18 ----- ----- 15-40 15-45
0.6 8-30 10-35 10-30 5-25
0.3 ----- ----- 5-15 3-20
0.15 0-8** 0-8 0-8** 0-15
(*)Used mainly in precast concrete products

(**)Increased to 10% for crushed rock sand
Sixth :Fine Materials: The amount of material passing 75 μm sieve shall not exceed
the quantities given in table 6
Table 6: Fine materials
Aggregate type Percentage by mass passing

75 μm sieve (max)
-Uncrushed ,partially crushed ,or 2
crushed gravel
-Crushed rock 4
-Natural fine aggregate or fine 4
aggregate consists of crushed or
partially crushed gravel
-Crushed rock sand 16 (9 for use in exposed to
erosion floor)
-Un crushed all-in aggregate 3
-Crushed rock all-in aggregate 11
Concrete Aggregate
(ASTM C33/1986)
Fine Aggregate
First:- Fine aggregate grading:
The grading is as shown in table (1)
Table 1: Fine aggregate grading
Sieve(mm) Percentage passing (%)

9.5 100
4.75 95-100
2.36 80-100
1.18 50-80
0.6 25-60
0.3 10-30
0.15 2-10
1-1-The minimum percent for materials passing 0.3mm &0.15 mm sieves may be reduced
to 5% if the aggregate is to be used in air – entrained concrete containing more than
(240kg/m3) or in non air–entrained concrete containing more than (300 kg/m3)
1-2-The fine aggregate shall have more than 45% retained on any sieve & its fines modulus
shall be not less than 2.3 nor more than 3.1.
1-3-Fine aggregate failing to satisfy the requirements mentioned above may be accepted
provided that concrete made with similar fine aggregate has an acceptable performance
and comply to all requirements
1-4-Difference in fineness modulus shall not vary more than 0.2 between the supplied
consignments of fine aggregate
Second: Deleterious Substances
The amount of deleterious substances in fine aggregate shall not exceed the limits
prescribed in table (2)
Table 2:Limits of deleterious substances in fine aggregate
Item Weight percent of total

samples
-Clay lumps &friable particles 3
-Materials passing sieve (0.075 μm)
a-Concrete subjected to abrasion 3*
b-All other concrete 3*
-Coal
a-when surface appearance of concrete 0.5
is important
b-all other concrete 1.0
(*)These limits may be increased to 5% &7% respectively in the case the aggregate is
produced from crushing stone &free from clay shale.
Third: Organic Materials in Fine Aggregate
3-1: Fine aggregate must be free of organic materials except those, which pass the test, but
it causes a dark colour to concrete, so it must be rejected
3-2 : Fine aggregate which fail in the test of organic materials can be used if the change of
colour caused by little amount of coal or similar substances .
3-3 : Fine aggregate that fails in the test of organic materials can be used if compressive
strength of the mortar is 95% or more in the age of 7 days as prescribed in specification
ASTM C87
3-4 : Fine aggregate used in concrete exposed to moisture or in touch with soil shall not
consist deleterious substances react with alkalis in cement which cause extended
reactions that damage the concrete , this kind of aggregate can be used if alkali content
in cement is not more than 0.6% measured on the ratio of Na2O that is equivalent to
(Na2O+0.658 k2O)
Fourth : Stability Of Fine Aggregate

Loss in weight after five cycles shall not exceed 10% when Na2SO4 solution is used nor
15% when MgSo4 solution is used.
coarse aggregate
First: Grading of Coarse Aggregate

The grading is as shown in table (3)
Table 3: Grading of aggregate
Sieve
opening Accumulative percent %
(mm)
4.75-50 4.75-37.5 4.75-25 4.75-19 4.75-12 2.36-9.5 20-50 19-37.5 25-12.5 95-19
63 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
50 --- --- --- --- --- --- 100 --- --- ---
37.5 100 --- --- --- --- --- 90-100 100 --- ---
25 90-100 100 100 --- --- --- 35-70 90-100 100 ---
19 25-55 90-100 95-100 100 --- --- 0-15 25-55 90-100 100
12.5 0-15 20-55 --- 90-100 100 --- --- 0-15 20-55 90-100
9.5 --- 0-10 25-60 --- 90-100 100 0-5 --- 0-10 20-55
4.75 0-5 0-5 --- 20-55 40-70 85-100 --- 0-5 0-5 0-15
2.36 --- --- 0-10 0-10 0-15 10-30 --- --- --- 0-5
1.18 --- --- 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-10 --- --- --- ---
--- --- --- --- --- 0-5 --- --- --- ---
Second :Deleterious Materials in Coarse Aggregate
Requirements are as in table 4
Table 4:Limits for deleterious materials in coarse aggregate

Maximum allowable limit(%)
Sum of Material
Clay clay
Structure type finer
lumps & lumps,
Chert than Coal Abrasion Soundness
friable friable in MgSO4
particles particles (No.200)
and chert sieve
Severe Exposure
Foundations ,columns and 10 -- --- 1 1 50 ---
beams non exposed to
weather &protected interior
floors
Unprotected interior floors 5 --- --- 1 0.5 50 ---
Foundation walls above 5 5 7 1 0.5 50 18
ground ,supporting walls,
pillars, and beams non
exposed to weather
Roads & bridges floors 3 5 5 1 0.5 50 18
walkways & concrete
exposed to flow water
Architectural concrete 2 3 3 1 0.5 50 18
exposed to weather
Moderate Exposure
Foundations ,columns and 10 --- --- 1 1 50 ---
beams non exposed to
weather &protected interior
floors
Unprotected interior floors 5 --- --- 1 0.5 50 ---
Foundation walls above 5 8 10 1 0.5 50 18
ground ,supporting walls,
pillars, and beams non
exposed to weather
Roads & bridges floors 3 3 5 1 0.5 50 18
walkways & concrete
exposed to flow water
Architectural concrete 3 3 5 1 0.5 50 18
exposed to weather
Slight or Negligible Exposure
Floors exposed to abrasion, 5 --- --- 1 0.5 50 ---
bridges & walkways floors.
Other concrete types 10 --- --- 1 1 50 ---
Filter Sand & Filter Gravel for Water Purification Filters
(IQ.S 45/1984)
First: Appearance:
Sand particles is solid ,strong & consists of silica &have global shape
Second: Gained density :

Its value is between 2500-2670 kg/m3
Third : Regularity coefficient

For sand shall not exceed 1.5
Fourth: Silica amount

4-1 Shall not be less than 90% for mass of sand
4-2 Shall not be less than 80% for mass of gravel
Fifth: Impurities
5-1 Absence of organic materials can be diagnose for sand &gravel filters of size to 8 mm
5-2 Soluble substances in water shall not be more than 190 for sulphur
Sixth: Measurements
As in table (1)
Seventh: Percent of materials passing from sieve (75um)

Shall not exceed than 2% from the mass of sand &gravel
Eighth : Percentage of solubility in HCl

Shall not exceed 2%
Filter sand &filter gravel for water purification filters
The granular size Active size Percentage Permitted

Prepared
gradation limits (mm) (mm) Residedual
passing from specimen
on largest
lowest sieve mass (kg)
sieve
0.425-0.6 0.4-0.45 5 5 3
0.425-0.8 0.4-0.5
Sands for water purification
0.6-0.8 0.6-0.65
0.6-1.0 0.6-0.65
0.71-1.18 0.7-0.75 5
1.0-1.18 1.0-1.1
1.0-1.4 1.0-1.1
1.0-2.0 1.1-1.2
1.18-1.7 1.2-1.3
1.4-2.0 1.4-1.5
filters
1.4-2.36 1.4-1.6
1.7-3.0 1.7-1.9
2.0-3.35 10 10
2.5-6.5
3.35-5.6
Gravel’s for water purification filters
5.6-8.0 20
6.5-9.5
8.0-12.5
8.0-16.0
9.5-13.5
12.5-16.0
13.5-38.0
16.0-25.00
16.0-31.5 40
24.0-32.0
25.0-40.0
38.0-50.0
60.0-80.0
Chapter 3
Cement & Concrete
Title Specification
Portland Cement IQ.S 5/ 1984

Terrazzo Tiles IQ.S 1042 / 1984
Ordinary Tiles IQ.S 1043 / 1984
Load- Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1077 / 1987
Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs & Channels IQ.S 1106 / 1987
Pre-Cast Concrete Flags IQ.S 1107 / 1987
Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonary Units IQ.S 1129 / 1988
Reinforced – Concrtet Cantilever Stair Steps IQ.S 1381 / 1988
Reinforced & Unreinforced Concrete Pipes IQ.S 1432 / 1989
Without Internal Pressure
Cellular Concrete Blocks IQ.S 1441 / 2000
Concrete Pavement Bricks IQ.S 1606 / 1990
Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts IQ.S 1687 / 1992
Water used in Concrete IQ.S 1703 / 1992
23
Portland Cement
( IQ.S 5 / 1984 )
First: Physical Requirements :

Table 1: Physical Requirements
Type of cement
Item
Test Rapid Low

Ordinary Moderate Resistant White
hardening heat
1 Fineness :shall not be less than
230 250 320 320 250 230
( m2 / kg )
2 Setting time :
- Initial is not less than ( minute) 45 45 45 45 45 45
- Final is not more than ( hour) 10 10 10 10 10 10
3 Soundness :
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Expansion is not more than ( % )
4 Compressive strength is not less -- -- 11 -- -- --
than ( mN / m2 )
- one day age 15 15 21 10 15 15
- three days age 23 23 28 -- 23 23
- seven days age -- -- -- 28 -- --
- twenty eight days age -- -- -- -- -- --
5 Tensile strength (optional) mN/m2 -- -- 2.1 -- -- --
6 Whiteness degree -- -- -- -- -- 78
- In any next age , the compressive strength should be more than compressive strength
obtained for the earlier age .
24
Second : Chemical requirements :
Rapid Sulphate
Item
Test
Ordinary Moderate Low heat White
hardening resistant
Type of cement
1 SiO2 is not less than ( % ) -- 21 -- -- -- --
Al2O3 is not less than -- 6 -- -- -- --
2
(%)
3 Fe2O3 is not more than % -- 6 -- 6.5 -- --
Lime saturation
4 0.66 -1.02 0.66- 0.88 0.66 -1.02
coefficient
5 MgO is not more than (%) 5 5 5 5 5 5
SO3 content is not more
than when C3A ratio is :
6
- less than ( 5 % ) 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 2.5
- more than ( 5 % ) 2.8 2.8 3.5 3 2.5 3
Loss on ignition shall not
7 4 4 4 4 4 4
exceed (%)
Non soluble substances
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
shall not exceed than ( % )
9 C3S is not more than ( % ) -- -- -- 35 -- --
10 C2S is not less ( % ) -- -- -- 40 -- --
11 C3A is not more than ( % ) -- 8 15 7 3.5 --
Percent of Fe2O3 / Al2O3
12 -- -- -- -- -- 8
is not less than
Rejection
The consignment can be refused when its weight differs more than 3% from the weight pointed
on it , and when the rate of weight of ( 50 ) refills chosen randomly from consignment less than the
weight pointed on the refills .
25
Terrazo Tiles
( I Q.S 1042 / 1984 )
First : Shape & Dimensions
The tile is square & has dimensions as shown in the following table . It can be produced in
another shapes according to the agreement between the producer and the purchaser .
Side length (mm) Thickness ( mm )

150 ± 1 20 ± 3
200 ± 1 20 ± 3
250 ± 1 25 ± 3
300 ± 1 30 ± 3
400 ± 1 35 ± 3
500 ± 1 40 ± 3
Second : Finishing & Appearance

The surface is smooth & free of defects , marble is distributed in homogeneous way , edges
of tile are vertical on surface . All edges must be acute & free from defects & the colour is
homogeneous .
Third : Total Absorption of water : any individual result should not exceed 8 % .
Fourth : Surface absorption : any individual result should not exceed 0.4 ( g/cm2 ) .
Fifth : Flextural strength : any result should not be less than 3 ( N/mm2 ) .
Sixth : Abrasion rate for tested samples : shall not exceed 2 mm & any single result should not
exceed ( 2.5 mm ) .
26
Ordinary Tiles
( I Q.S 1043 / 1984 )
First : Materials
1-1 Cement : Normal or white cement usually used .
1-2 Pigment : Natural & industrial pigment used for colouring tiles is a fixed colour &does not
consist of deleterious substances on concrete . Percent of weight pigment in surface layer
should not exceed 5 % from the weight of cement used in mixture .
Second : Shapes & Dimensions

2-1 The tile is squared & upper surface is plane and the section is rectangle , it can be supplied
in another shapes according to the agreement .
2-2 The dimensions of squared tiles as in the table below :
Side length (mm) Thickness (mm)

200 ± 1 22 ± 3
250 ± 1 25 ± 3
2-3 Thickness : the thickness of surface layer should not be less than 3 mm or according to the
agreement .
2-4 Differences :It is allowable for a single consignment of a difference1 mm in length & 3mm
in thickness between a tile & another .
Third : Appearance
Surface layer should be horizontal grounded and free from the following defects :
a. Creep : It is a hair cracking appears on a tile surface from an edge side .

b. Scaling : It is a hair cracking network appears on a part of tile surface or on the entire suface.
c. Cracking : It is a hair cracking appears on a tile surface starts from the edge towards few
centimeters inside .
d. Pitting : appearances of small pits on tile surface .
e. Shelling : It is a shell separation occurs on the tile surface .
f. Efflorescence : appearance of salts on the tile surface .
g. Splitting :It is a cracking of a plane direction starts from the surface towards the base ( back )
& often cutes the thickness of the entire tile .
h. Seperating : It is a splitting occurs between the two layers surface & base .
Fourth : Colour : It should be homogenous specially within one consignment .
Fifth : Section : The tile section should be free from any partial or entire separation between the
two layers ( surface & base ) & each layer should be homogenous & free from
halls or defects & all edges should be acute & sound .
27
Load – Bearing Concrete Masonary Units
( IQ.S 1077 / 1987 )
First : Dimensions
1-1 exterior dimension : for standard concrete masonary unit as shown in the table below :
Length ( mm ) Width ( mm ) Height ( mm )

400 200 200
400 200 150
300 200 150
300 150 150
300 200 100
300 150 100
1-2 Thickness of string and shell should not be lesse than 20 mm .
1-3 Load – bearing concrete masonary units can be produced with dimensions other than
standard dimensions but height of unit should not exceed than its length or six times its
width .
Second : Differences in Dimensions

Differences in any dimension should not exceed 3 mm .
Third :
3-1 ( A ) : For general use in interior or exterior walls that exposed to moisture or weather
effects under or above ground level .
( B ) : for use above ground level in interior walls or exterior that protected from moisture or
weather effects .
Fourth : Physical Requirements

Load – bearing concrete masonary units should comply with requirements shown in the
following table & it should not be used before 14 days from the completion of its production .
Min. limit of compression strength N/mm2

Unit Water absorption
type calculated on total area
type not more than (%)
Average of 3 units One unit
Solid A 13 11 10
B 9 7 15
Hollow A 7 6 15
B 5 4.5 20
28
Fifth : Visual Test
5-1 All mass surfaces should be free from cracks or defects objected with the sound state of it ,
and reduce its bearing & durability .
5-2 Surfaces prepared to be covered with protective layer such as mortar , plastering or others
should have enough roughness to guarantee the cohesion .
5-3 External surface from construction walls of masonary units should be free from notch ,
cracks or other defects. Small cracks or notches of not more than 25mm with a percentage of
not less than 5 % from the consignment will not be considered enough to refuse .
Sixth : Rejection
When any consignment fails to satisfy specification requirement, new specimens should be
chosen and tested on producer account . The consignment entirely refused when the
second group of specimens failed in test .
29
Pre – Cast Concrete Kerbs and Channels
( I Q .S 1106 / 1987 )
First : Shape and Dimensions

1-1 Middle mould : it is of 500 mm length and in dimensions as shown in the following section :
50 mm
100 mm
500 mm
1-2 Lateral mould : It is of 1000 mm length and in dimensions as shown in the following
section :
120 mm 30 mm
150 mm
300mm
150 mm
150 mm
Second : Allowable Differences
Length Width Height

± 0.6 % ± 0.3 % ± 0.3 %
30
Third : Modulus of rupture
Shall not be less than 3.5 ( N/mm2 ) when tested by methods mentioned in appendix ( a ) in
the specification
Fourth : Water Absorption :

a. Absorption rate for parts of specimens should not be more than 6 % if they are submerged
for ( 24 hours ) .
b. Absorption percentage for a part of one specimen should not be more than 7 % .
c. Test must be done according to method mentioned in appendix ( b ) in the specification .
Fifth: According to IQ.S ( 45 ) ( table 1 ) this test is done when raw materials are not tested .
31
Precast Concrete Flags
( IQ.S 1107/1987 )
First : Dimensions
Flags are produced according to the dimensions shown in the table below or according to
any dimensions which the seller and the buyer agreed about .
Flags type Length (mm) Width ( mm ) Thickness (mm)

A 500 ± 2 500± 2 50 ± 3
B 600 ± 2 400 ± 2 50 ± 3
C 400 ± 2 200 ± 2 50 ± 3
D 800 ± 2 800 ± 2 42 ± 3
E 400 ± 2 400 ± 2 50 ± 3
F 600± 2 200 ± 2 50 ± 3
* Surface angles are right when the difference between the two surface diameters are 30 mm
Second : Strength
Strength requirements of flags are as in the table below
Flag type ( kN )
A 8.3
B 5.3
C 4.4
D 5.4
E 8.9
F 2.7
Third : Water Absorption

Average of increase in tested mass in the case of submerging the samples in
the water for a period 1/2 hour shall not exceed 4 % nor 10 % for 24 hours .
32
Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonary Units
(I Q.S 1129 / 1988)
First : Definitions
1-1 Concrete Masonary Unit
a. Length : shall not be less than 300 mm .
Width : shall not be less than 200 mm .
Height : shall not be less than 100 mm .
b. The height should not exceed the length nor six times the thickness .
1-2 Soild masonary units :

Soild volume should not be less than 75 % from the total volume of unit calculated from its
total dimensions .
1-3 Hollow masonary units :

a. Consist of one or more of holes or cavities which penetrate masonary unit .
b. Solid volume of material 50-75 % from the total volume calculated from the total
dimensions .
1-4 Cellular masonary units

a. Consist of one or more of holes & cavities which don't penetrate the masonary unit .
b. Solid volume of material 75 % from the total volume calculated from the total dimensions .
1-5 Air – entrained masonary units

Bubbles formed by gaz generating or entering air in mixture by air – entraining agent .
Second : Concrete masonary units classification

2-1 Weight classification .
Weight classification Concrete mass dried in oven
Light Max. limit 1680
Moderate 1680 – 2000
Normal Min. limit 2000
2-2 Types
2-2-1 First type ( the unit of controlled moisture content) : satisfy all requirements of this
specification including moisture content requirement ( table 1 ) .
2-2-2 Second type ( the unit of uncontrolled moisture content ) : satisfy all requirements of this
specification except moisture content requirement ( table 2 ) .
Third : Loading test

Compressive strength calculated on the average of net area as minmum :
For one unit 3.45 N/mm2
Ave. of 3 units 4.14 N/mm2
33
Fourth : Allowable Dimensions & Differences
4-1 Shell thickness : not less than ( 13 mm )
4-2 Difference : does not exceed ( 3mm ) from standard dimensions of length , width & height .
Table 1: Requirements of moisture content for units from first type
Moisture Content ( Maximum )

Longitudinal
Moisture conditions in work & places of use
Shrinkage %
* wet ** medium *** dry
0.03 or less 45 40 35
From 0.03 to 0.045 40 35 30
From 0.045 to 0.065 max. 35 30 25
* Wet : average of annual relative moisture is more than 75 % .
** Medium : average of annual relative moisture is from 50 to 75 % .
*** Dry : average of annual relative moisture is less than 50 % .
34
Reinforced- Concrete Cantilever Stair Steps`
( I Q.S 1381 / 1988 )
First : Materials
1-1 Cement : should be in accordance with IQ.S No.(5) concerning Portland cement .
1-2 Aggregate .
1-2-1 Apparent Concrete Aggregate : marble aggregate or other natural stones according with
aggregate limited in (I Q.S) No. (1042) concerning Terrazzo Tiles .
1-2-2 Reinforced – concrete aggregate : aggregate used in natural materials should be statisfied to
requirements of I Q.S ( No. 45 ) .
1-3 Filler in apparent concrete : it should be from the fracture of useful natural stone .
1-4 Pigment : should be satisfied to the requirements of IQ.S (1042) concerning Terrazzo
Tiles .
Second : Dimensions
350 mm
2-1 Dimensions of one step .
( 900 – 1200 ) mm 360 mm
2-2 Allowable difference : 5 mm in length , 3 mm in thickness .
Third : Requirements
3-1 Thickness of apparent layer : shall not decrease than larger size of aggregate thickness &
the average should not decrease than 8 mm after grounding & polishing .
3-2 Loading test : reaction of settlement should not decrease than 85% from the total
settlement & cracks should not appear on sample surface in maximum loading .
3-3 Details of reinforcement of one step :
Ties of dia. 6mm for each 250 mm 4-5 bar dia. 12mm
as max. in equal distance
The cantliver part interior

2 bars of dia. of 12 mm distance in the wall
35
Reinforced & Unreinforced Concrete Pipes
Without Internal Pressure
( I Q.S 1432 / 1989 )
First : Classification
a. Unreinforced pipes : see table (1) .
b. Reinforced pipes : divided into four types according to its bearing capacity ascending
M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 ( see table 1 ) .
2-1 Concrete cover as in table below
Thickness of pipe walls (mm) Minimum net cover ( mm)

25 & less 6
More than 25 10
Plug grading 6
2-2 Dimensions & Differences :

2-2-1 Diameters : the following table shows the allowable differences of diameters .
Internal designed diameter Allowable difference (mm)

( mm ) max.
300 & less ±3
301 – 600 ±5
601 – 1200 ±7
1201 & more ± 10
2-2-2 Wall thickness : the following table shows the allowable difference in wall thickness .
Design wall thickness Max. allowable difference

( mm ) (mm)
30 & less ±2
31 – 50 ±3
51 – 65 ±4
66 – 75 ±5
76 – 95 ±6
97 & more ±7
36
2-2-3 Straightness :
A . Deviation should not be more than 3mm for one meter of pipe length when tested it according
to the specification of concrete pipes test procedures ( 1232 ).
B . Total deviation of entire pipe length should not be more than 12 mm .
2-2-4 Ends perpendicularity :

A. Pipe ends should be vertical and its deviation on exact angle side should not increase 1 mm
at every 200 mm of the designed diameter or in a range of 10 mm , which one is the less .
B. Pipes in 400 mm diameter the max. allowable difference is 2 mm when it is tested according to
the specification concerning concrete pipe tests ( 1232 )
2-3 Production & Finishing Technique : as in the table below .
Width shall not be more

Ruptures & cracks
than 0.1 mm
Bulges Height shall not be more than 3mm
Pittings Depth shall not be more than 3mm
Third : Loading Test : suitable loading test can be done by one of the methods mentioned in
the specification concerning concrete pipes test (1232) .
3-1 Unreinforced pipes ( A )
*Nominal size of pipe Loading test

( mm ) kN/m
100 16
150 16
225 17
300 18
375 20
450 22
* Nominal size : it is a number equals approximately to the pipe diameter .
3-2 Reinforced pipes ( M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 ) : see the table concerning loading tests for reinforced
pipes classes ( table 2 )
37
Fourth : Static Water Pressure Test
A : Pipes should resist static water pressure about 90 (kilo Pascal) without appearance of any sign
of leakage or any other defects .
B : Perform the test according to ( I Q.S 1232 ) .
Fifth : Absorption Test

A : Absorption percentage of each specimen (calculated as a percentage of specimen dry mass )
should not exceed the following :
Drainage pipes 6.5 %

Pipes for other purposes 8%
B : If not less than 80 % of the specimens comply with the requirement of the specifications , then
another specimen of the same pipe should be cut instead of the failed one , test it & replace the
result .
C : If the number of specimens satisfying test requirements is more than 80 % then the pipes
represented by these specimens are considered correspondent to the test .
Sixth : Joints
6-1 Rigid joints .
6-2 Joints of pluge & nick .
Recommended ratio for nickes
Nominal diameter Minimum length

for pipe (L)
100 45
150 50
225 55
300 60
375 65
450 65
525 70
600 70
750 80
900 90
1050 95
1200 and more 100
38
Table 1 : Real internal diameter of produced pipes
Original Max. internal Internal pipe diameter ( mm ) min

size of dia. of all Unreinforced Class Class Class Class
pipes classes pipe A M1 M2 M3 M4
100 105 100 100 100 100 100
150 155 150 150 150 150 150
225 230 225 225 225 225 225
300 310 300 300 300 300 290
375 385 375 375 375 375 365
450 460 450 450 450 445 440
525 540 -- 525 525 520 510
600 615 -- 600 600 590 580
750 770 -- 750 750 740 720
900 920 -- 900 900 885 865
1050 1080 -- 1050 1050 1030 1000
1200 1230 -- 1200 1200 1175 1145
1350 1380 -- 1350 1350 1320 1290
1500 1530 -- 1500 1500 1470 1440
1650 1680 -- 1650 1650 1610 1580
1800 1830 -- 1800 1800 1760 1730
1950 1990 -- 1950 1950 1900 1870
2100 2140 -- 2100 2100 2050 2010
Note : The producer should tell the purchaser about the real designed diameter of the pipe
which can be provided for any internal nominal diameter on any demand in that it is
in the scope of diameters mentioned in the table above .
39
Table 2 : Loading of test for pipes M1 , M2 , M3 , M4
Nominal Load of test ( note 2 ) ( km / m2 )

size Pipe class M1 Pipe class M2 Pipe class M3 Pipe class M4
(note 2 ) Cracking Cracking Cracking Cracking
load load load load
( mm ) load load load load
100 10.0 15.0 13 19.5 19.5 29.5 26 39
150 10.0 15.0 13 19.5 19.5 29.5 26 39
225 11.0 16.5 14 22.5 21 71.5 28 42
300 12.0 18.0 15 22.5 22.5 34.5 30 46
375 13.0 19.5 17 25.5 25.5 38.5 34 51
450 15.0 22.5 20 30 30 45 40 60
525 17.0 25.5 23 34.5 34.5 52 46 69
600 19.0 28.5 26 39 39 58.5 52 78
750 21.0 31.5 32 48 48 72 64 96
900 22.0 35.5 37 55.5 55.5 83.5 74 111
1050 25.0 37.5 42 63 63 94.5 84 126
1200 27.0 40.5 46 69 69 103.5 92 138
1350 29.0 43.5 50 75 75 112.5 100 150
1500 31.0 46.5 54 81 81 121.5 108 112
1650 33.0 49.5 58 87 87 130.5 116 14
1800 35.0 52.5 63 93 93 139.5 114 86
1950 37.0 55.5 66 99 99 148.5 122 198
2100 39.0 58.5 70 105 105 157.5 140 21
Nominal size : It's an approximate number nearly equals to the pipe diameter .
Notes :
1. you can determine the load test of pipe of medium size by the method of straight linear
approximation between the two values .
2. Table (1) consists of real internal pipes diameters of nominal sizes mentioned in the previous
table .
3.
Minimum limit of net cover ( mm ) Thickness of crack size ( mm )
10 0.15
more than 10 - 20 inside 0.20
more than 20 0.25
4. When the test is performed , precaution is taken to avoid making crack in any pipe larger
than that limited in the previous table & when the load is removed from the pipe it is
necessary to observe that any unallowable crack in (2-3) does not remain .
40
Cellular Concrete Block
( IQ.S 1441 / 2000 )
First : Surfaces
The faced surfaces should be parallel and free from defects that effect on its
performance , the angles should be right & the edges should be acute .
Second : Dimensions
Block dimensions should be as in table below :
Length ( mm ) Height ( mm ) Thickness ( mm )

60
120
490 240
180
240
60
120
590 240
180
240
Third : Tolerances in Dimensions

Maximum deviation should be ± 3mm for any dimension .
Fourth : Physical Properties :

The physical properties of block should be as in the following table :
Compressive Strength
Dimensional shrinkage
Density ( N / mm2 )
Class ( max. limit % for each
( kg/m3 ) Cube Unit with thickness
dimension)
(100×100×100) mm 240 mm
0.4 351- 450 1.00 0.7 0.1
0.5 451 – 550 2.00 1.4 0.1
0.6 551 – 650 3.00 2.1 0.1
0.7 651 – 750 4.00 2.8 0.1
0.8 751 - 850 6.00 4.2 0.1
Fifth : Absorption ( optional )

5-1 Total absorption should not be more than 45 % for all classes .
5-2 Capillary absorption should not be more than 120 mm for all classes .
41
Concrete Pavement Bricks
( IQ.S 1606 / 1990 )
First : General
Bricks should comply with the specific requirements on delivery at age of 28 days as a
maximum .
Second : Appearance
The bricks should be dense, free from cracks , with parallel & straight edges .
Third : Dimensions :
3-1 Bricks should be in different thicknesses as the following :
60mm , 80mm , 100mm , 125mm ,140mm & in length not more than 280 mm .
The other dimension depends on paving method & the dimensions of joint net , it is
preferable to be 1 meter determined to the nearest (mm) .
3–2 Deviation in Dimensions :

Difference in length & width ± 3 mm .
Difference in thickness ± 5 mm .
It is unallowable to emerge a bulge more than 2 mm for bricks in thickness not more than
80 mm & 3 mm for bricks in thickness more than 80 mm .
Fourth : Compressive Strength

Average of compressive strength for five bricks should not be less than 60 N/mm2 & any
result should not be less than 50 N/mm2 .
42
Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts
( IQ.S 1687 / 1992 )
1-1 Intermediate posts : to support reinforcement wires between tension posts .
1-2 Tension posts : as tension tools in corners , ends or in middle positions all over the fence
length .
1-3 Strut posts : fixed in inclined position to support tension posts .
1-4 Strut posts of gates : its dimensions should suit with gates .
Second: Reinforcement
2-1 Reinforcement details : it should be in accordance with I.Q.S ( 573 ) , In the cage form by
joining (4) steel bars fixed by stirrups of ductile steel of diameter not less than ( 2.65 mm) ,
the distance between their centres should not be more than ( 40 cm ) .
2-2 Measurements of reinforcement bars : see table (1)
Third : Requirements
3-1 Dimensions : see table (1)
3-2 Allowable tolerances :
a. Cross – section: - 4mm + 6mm
b. Length : – 25mm + 50mm
c. Straightness : 0.5 %
Fourth : Cube compressive strength

a. Should not be less than (26) N/mm2 at 28 days age .
b. Should not be less than (17.5) N/mm2 at 7 days age .
43
Table ( 1 ) Reinforcing of concrete fence posts
Posts ** struts
Intermediate tension gates
Reinforcement steel
Section dimension
* No.
Strut length (m)
diameter ( mm )
Height Diameter Diameter
of Gate in (1mm) length Gate in (6mm) length
of wire total
( mm )
holes dimensions of of
mesh post reinforce- Section reinforce-
for of base
length ment steel dimension ment steel Section Dia. Of Section Dia. Of
linking section
( mm ) (mm) ( mm ) dimension reinforcement dimension
wires ( mm ) reinforcement
(mm) steel ( mm ) (mm) steel ( mm )
1.5 75 × 75
0.9 3 1.55 100 × 100 100 × 100 6
1.2 3 1.85 1.8
44
75×100
1.4 3 2.00 2.00
6 125× 125 8 150× 150 12 6
85 ×
125× 125 125× 125 8 100
1.8 3 2.6 2.6
1.8
with
6 3.05 2.6
longing
arm
* In the case of using barbed wires (3) other holes should be added at the inclined upper part of post .
** Post lengths mentioned in the table above are suitable when they are used in angle 45o & when these lengths are not suitable for site
conditions then they should be submitted to the agreement between the buyer & the seller .
Water Used in Concrete
( IQ.S 1703 / 1992 )
First : Required Testes

Properties of water suitable to use in concrete are as in the table below .
Required tests Specification limits mg/l Required number

Sulphates SO3-2 1000
Carbonates & bicarbonates 1000
* Chlorides 500
Sum of ions should not be For each resource of
Inorganic impurities water except
more than 3000 mg/ l
drinkable water
Test is performed for
Organic impurities water which has
noticeable colour & smell
* To protect concrete steel from corrosion ; the limits of chlorides in concrete should be calculated
from cement weight as in the following table .
Max. limit of soluble chloride ion

Type
calculated from cement weight
Pre-stressed concrete 0.06 %
Reinforced concrete exposed to chlorides 0.15 %
Reinforced concrete , dry & protected 1.00 %
from moisture
Other reinforced concrete structures 0.3 %
45
Chapter 4
Ceramic
Title Specification
Glazed Ceramic Tile for Internal Walls IQ.S 1392/1988

Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid IQ.S 1627/ 1991
Resisting Tiles
Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles IQ.S 1704/1992
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
With A Low Water Absorption E ≤ 3% Group A
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
With A Low Water Absorption Of 3% < E < 6%
Group A (2-1)
*Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with
Water Absorption Of 6<E ≤ 10%
Group A (2-2)
Glazed Ceramic for Internal Walls
(IQ.S) 1392/1988)
First: Classes
-Class A: its flags are free from defect in a percentage exceeds 95%
-Class B: its flags are free from defect in a percentage exceeds 80%
Second: Dimensions and Tolerances
Length × width × Difference in length Difference in thickness

thickness (mm) and width (mm) (mm)
- 0.3
100×100×5
+ 0.5
For all sizes
- 0.3
150×150×6 ± 0.5 (mm)for one flag
+ 0.6
and ± 0.3(mm) for average
- 0.6
100×200×6.5
+ 0.8
Third: Requirements
3-1 External Appearance: as in the following table.
Defects Requirements
Only one with depth not exceed
Fracture in flag edge
1mm and length not exceed 15mm
Fracture in flag angle One with depth not exceed 2mm
Cracking in flag edges One crack with length not more
than 1mm
Cracks on flag surface Not allowable
Stains, scratches and small holes Not clear
It is allowable for one unglazed
region to exist on flag edge with
depth not more than 2mm and its
Unglazed areas on flag surface
area doesn’t exceed 25mm2. It is
not permitted to exist on flag
surfaces.
3-2 Surface Flatness

3-2-1 Concavity and convexity: concavity should not exceed 0.13 mm and convexity should
not exceed 0.76 mm.
3-2-2 Warpage: should not exceed 20.5 mm.
3-3 Water absorption: the average should not exceed 20% .
3-4 Transverse strength: should not be less than 8N/mm2
3-5 Cracks of glazing layer: no crack is allowed.
3-6 Resistance to chemical materials: it is not acceptable to have any damaged flag exposed
to chemical materials.
Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles
(IQ.S 1627/1991)
First: Appearance
1-1 Tiles should be free from deleterious materials and when tiles are ruptured its cross –
sections should appear as homogeneous, dense with fine grains. Tiles should be solid with
regular shape, flat and free from cracks and production defects.
Second: Dimensions and Tolerance

2-1 Length X Width
A – (100 X 100) mm C- (200 X 200) mm
B – (150 X 150) mm D- (100 X 200) mm
2-2 Thickness: should be (10 or 12, 20,25) mm

2-3 Tolerances in length, width and thickness should not exceed ± 2.5%
Third: Requirements
Tiles should comply with the requirements shown in the table below:-
Property Requirements
1- Verticality Space between the internal edge for the square and
the neighbour side of the tile should not exceed 1mm
for each 100 mm length through testing with steel
perpendicular angle
2- Deformations in ( A ) ± 1.5 mm
dimensions ( B ) ± 2.0 mm
( C ) ± 2.5 mm
( D ) ± 1.5 mm
3- Absorption 2% as a maximum limit
4- Compressive strength 70 N/mm2 as a minimum limit
5- Flexural strength 20 N/mm2 as a minimum limit
6- Acid resistance Loss in unit should not exceed 1.5%
7- Abrasion resistance -Average abrasion for tiles 2 mm as a max.
-Max. limit of abrasion of one tile 2.5 mm.
Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
with A Low Water Absorption E <3% group A1
(IQ.S 1704/1/1992)
First: Dimension and Surface Quality
Extruded ceramic tiles should comply with physical and chemical requirements shown in
the table below:
Table 1 : Tolerance in dimension and surface quality
Split Quarry
No. Property
tile tile
1 Length and width
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.25 ± 2
(two sides or four sides) from practical
size.
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.25 ± 1.5
(two sides or four sides) from size
average for ten test specimens (twenty or
forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness : Deviation of thickness average for ± 10 ± 10
each tile from practical thickness size (% )
3 Sides straightness: largest deviation from ± 0.5 ± 0.6
straightness according to practical sizes %
4 Verticality* : largest deviation from ± 1.5 ± 1.0
longitudinal according to practical sizes (%)
5 Surface flatness:
A- Tile centre curvature: represented by a ± 0.5 ± 0.5
percentage to diameter line that
calculated from practical size (%)
B- Edge curvature: represented by a ± 0.5 ± 0.5
percentage to practical measured size
(%)
C- Warpage: represented by a percentage to ± 0.8 ± 0.8
diameter line calculated from practical
size (%)
6 Surface quality ** 95 % of tiles at least should be
free from visible and clear defects
that lead to deformation of
appearance for large area of tile.
*This test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.
** Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this cant not be
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed or un glazed or partially
glazed) irregular or unintended and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
colour change is special and desired property.
Second: Physical Properties:
Physical properties of extruded tile in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2).
Table 2: Physical properties
No Property Split tile Quarry tile

Should not be more Should not be more
than 3 as an average than 3 as an average
1 Absorption of water (in mass)%
nor 3.3 as an nor 3.3 as an
individual result individual result
than 20 as an average than 20 as an average
2 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2) and should not be less and should not be less
than 18 as an than 18 as an
individual result individual result
3 Surface stiffness for scratch (moh)
A- glazed tiles Not less than 5 Not less than 5
B- unglazed tiles Not less than 6 Not less than 6
4 Wear resistance unglazed tile for
deep abrasion (removed volume in
than 300 than 300
mm3
5 Modulus of linear thermal From 4X10-6 to From 5X10-6 to
expansion when boundary 8 X 10-6 13 X 10-6
temperature is raised to 100Co (k-1)
Ceramic Floor And Wall Tiles
Specifications for Extruded Ceramic Tiles
with A Low Water Absorption of 3% < E < 6 <6% group A (lla)
(IQ.S 1704 /2/1992)
First: Dimensions and Surface Quality:

Extruded ceramic tiles should conform to the requirements mentioned in the table below:-
Table 1: Tolerance in dimensions and surface quality.
Split Quarry
No. Property
tile tile
1 Length and width
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.25 ±2
size.
- Deviation of average size for each tile ± 1.0 ± 1.5
(two sides or four sides) from size
average for ten test specimens (twenty or
forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness : Deviation of thickness average for ± 10 ± 10
3 Sides straightness: largest deviation from ± 0.5 ± 0.6
straightness according to practical sizes (%)*
4 Verticality: largest deviation from longitudinal ± 1.5 ± 1.0
according to practical sizes (%)*
5 Surface flatness:
A-tile centre curvature: represented by a ± 0.5 ± 0.5
percentage to diameter line that calculated
from practical size (%)
B-edge curvature: represented by a ± 0.5 ± 0.5
percentage to practical measured size (%)
C-war page : represented by a percentage to ± 0.8 ± 0.8
diameter line calculated from practical size
(%)
6 Surface quality ** 95 % of Tiles at least should be
free from visible and clear
defects that lead to deformation
of appearance for large area of
tiles.
* This test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.
** Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this can not be
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed, un glazed or partially
glazed) irregular or unintended, and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
Physical properties of extruded tiles in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2).
No. Property Split tile Quarry tile

3<y< 6% as average 3<y< 6% as average
1 Absorption of water (in mass) % and 6.5 max. limit as and 6.5 max. limit as
a single result a single result
20 as average and 18 20 as average and 18
2 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2) min. limit as a single min. limit as a single
result result
3 Surface stiffness for scratch (moh)
A-Glazed tiles 5 min. limit 5 min. limit
B-Unglazed tiles 6 min. limit 6 min. limit
4 Wear resistance unglazed tile for
deep abrasion (removed volume in 393 max. limit 393 max . limit
mm3
5 Modulus of linear thermal
expansion when boundary 10 X 10 -6 max. limit 12 X 10 -6 max. limit
temperature is rised to 100Co (k-1)
Any visible defects or changes don’t appear
6 Thermal shock resistance in visual test or by opticals in the case of
using.
Any crazing doesn’t occur in it (appearance
7 *Glazed tile resistance to crazing
of fine hair cracks)
8 Freezing resistance Freezing resistant
* Crazing test can not be applied on the tiles that are used in decoration because some
ornamental actions cause crazing.
Third : Chemical Properties:-
As mentioned in the table below:-
Table 3: Chemical for split and quarry tile .

1 Staining resistance : glazing tile class (1-3) Should be at least from
class 2 that the stain
could be removed by
using detergents
2 Domestic chemical material resistance and
swimming pool cleaners except the
cleaners that contain hydro floric acid and
its compounds.
A- Glazed tile from class a to e This test can be done
after determination of
glazed tile class that
resist the domestic
chemical materials
B-Unglazed tile. * No changes appear on

tile surface when visual
examination is done or
by opticals in the case
of using.
* When light grading happen in a tile colour that is not because of the effect chemical
materials.
Ceramic Floor and wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Tiles with A Low Water
Absorption of 6% < E ≤ 10% Group Allb
(IQ.S 1704/3/1992)
First: Dimensions and Surface Quality

Extruded ceramic tiles should comply with physical and chemical requirements shown in table
below:
Table 1 : Tolerance in dimensions and surface quality
Split Quarry
No Property
Tile Tile
1 Length and width
- Deviation of average size for each tile ±2 ±2
size.
- Deviation of average size for each tile for ± 1.5 ± 1.5
each tile (two sides or four sides) from
size average for ten test specimens
(twenty or forty sides) (%)
2 Thickness : Deviation of average thickness for ± 10 ± 10
3 *Side straightness: largest deviation from ±1 ±1
straightness according to practical thickness
sizes %
4 *Verticality: largest deviation from longitudinal ± 1.5 ± 1.0
according to practical sizes (%)
5 Surface flatness:
A- Tile centre curvature: represented by a ± 0.7 ± 1.5
percentage to diameter line that
calculated from practical sizes (%)
B- Edge curvature: represented by a ± 0.7 ± 1.5
percentage to practical measured size
length (%)
C- Warpage: represented by a percentage to ± 1.0 ± 1.5
diameter line calculated from practical
size (%)
6 **Surface quality At least 95% of tiles should be
free from visible and clear defects
that lead to deformation of
appearance for large area of tiles.
* This test should not be applied on curved shape tiles.
** Simple changes in the tile colour caused by burning can not be avoided, and this can not be
applied on the changes of the colour of extruded tile surface (glazed, un glazed or partially
glazed) irregular or unintended, and also for changes on the colour of area of the tile in which the
Physical properties of extruded tiles in its two types: split and quarry are as mentioned
in table (2).

Absorption of water (in mass) % 6<y< 10 as average 6<y< 10 as average
and not more than 11 and not more than 11
1
max. limit for single max. limit for single
result result
Modulus of rupture (N/mm2) Should be 17.5 as an Should be 17.5 as an
average and should average and should
2
not be less than 15 for not be less than 15 for
a single result a single result
Surface stiffness for scratch
3 A-Glazed tiles 5 min. limit 5 min. limit
B-Unglazed tiles 6 min. limit 6 min. limit
Wear resistance unglazed tile for
4 deep abrasion (removed volume in 649 max. limit 649 max. limit
3
mm
5 Modulus of linear thermal
expansion when boundary 10 X 10 -6 max limit 10 X 10 -6 max limit
temperature rise to 100Co (k-1)
6 Thermal shock resistance Any visible defects or changes don’t appear in
visual test or by opticals in the case of using.
* Clazed tile resistance grazing There is no crazing (appearance of fine hair
7
cracks)
8 Extention by moisture: unglazed 0.6 max limit 0.6 max limit
tile (mm/m)
*Crazing test can not be applied on the tiles that are used in decoration because some
ornamental actions cause crazing.
Third: Chemical Properties:
As in the table below.
Table 3: Chemical properties for splitted quarry tiles.
No property Split tile Quarry Tile

Staining strength : Glazed tile It should be at least within class (2)
1 class (1,3) where stains can be removed by
cleaners.
Swimming pool cleaners and
domestic chemical materials Class B as a Class B as a
resistance except the cleaners minimum minimum
that contain Hydrofluoric acid
and its compounds.
2 A- Glazed tile class (A) to
class (E). Pass the test
B- Unglazed tile.
If a light grading in the tile colour is noticed does not mean it happened due to the effect of
chemical materials.
Chapter 5
Clayey Products
Title Specification
Clay Building Bricks IQ.S 25 /1988
58
Clayey Products
Clay Building Bricks
IQ.S 25 /1988
First: Classes
Class A : used for structure parts and foundations loaded and exposed to
erosion because of climatic effects and for external walls exposed
to erosion.
Class B: used for bearing structure parts un exposed to erosion or for
internal walls protected from moisture.
Class C: used for structure parts unexposed to climatic effects and
unloaded as partitions.
Second: General Appearance

The brick shape should be regular with right angles and straight sides within the limits of
allowable differences. If there is a crack or notch it should not cause weakness in the brick
properties and the notch should not be more than more 10% from the brick size. The brick
should be homogenous, good burning, free of gravel stone and lime knobs, the ratio of sound
and free of defects bricks should not be less than 90% from the consignment.
Third: Types and Dimensions of Bricks

1- Solid bricks free from hole and cavities with the dimensions ( 240x115x75)mm
2- Perforated Bricks: the ratio of holes should not be more than 25% from the total size,
with the dimension
(240x115x75) mm.
3- Hollow Bricks: the ratio of holes should be more than 25% from the total size with the
dimensions.
(240x115x75) mm
Fourth: Tolerances
Maximum limit of tolerances
Length and width ± 3%
Thickness ± 4%
Surface flatness 5 mm
59
Fifth: Compressive strength and absorption of water and efflorescence.
As mentioned in the table below:
Min limit of compressive Max. limit of Efflorescence.

Strength (N/mm2) absorption (%)
Class Average Absorption (max. limit)
Average of Strength of
of 10 of one
10 bricks one brick
bricks brick
Class A 18 16 20% 22% Light
Class B 13 11 24% 26% Light
Class C 9 7 26% 28% ----
60
Chapter 6
Rocks & Stones
Title Specification
Natural Building Stone IQ.S 1387 / 1989
61
Natural Building Stone
(IQ.S 1387 /1989)
Marble
First: Classes
A- Calcium Carbonate (Alcalcite)
B- Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate (Dolomiet)
C- Magnesium Silicate (Serpentine Metal)
D- Lime Stone from Water Resources.
Second: Physical requirements *

2-1 Absorption (%) : should not exceed 0.75%
2-2 Density (kg/m3): should not be less than
2600 Class A
2800 Class B
2700 Class C
2300 Class D
2-3 Compressive strength (N/mm2): should not be less than 52 for the four classes.
2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2): should not be less than 7 for the four classes.
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1 for the four classes.
* Marble should be free from defects such as scaling, notching, crack or separation in
connection line on the two sides of root or scar or any impurity effects on appearance,
stiffness, soundness of stone.
62
Natural Building Stone
(IQ.S 1387/1989)
Sand Stone:
First: Classes
A: Sand stone: the free silica ratio should not be less than 60%
B: Quartz sand stone: the free silica ratio should not be less than 90%.
C: Quartzite: the free silica ratio should not be less than 95%.
Second: Physical Requirements.

2-1 Absorption (%): should not exceed 20% class A
3 % class B
1 % class C
3
2-2 Density (kg/m ): should not be less than 2250 class A
2400 class B
2550 class C
2-3 Compressive strength (N/mm2): should not be less than

14 class A
70 class B
140 class C
2
2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm ): should not be less than 2 class A
7 class B
14 class C
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1 for all classes.
63
Lime stone:
First: classes
A: Low Density (1760-2150 kg/m3)
B: Moderate Density (2150-2500 kg/m3)
C: High Density (more than 2500kg/ m3)
Second: physical Requirements.*

2-1 Absorption (%) should not exceed 12 class A
7.5 class B
3 class C
3
2-2- Density (kg /m ) should not be less than 1750 class A
2150 class B
2550 class C
2
2-3-compressive strength (N/mm ): should not be less than 12 class A
28 class B
55 class C
2
2-4- Modules of rupture (N/mm ): should not be less than 2 class A
3.5 class B
7 class C
2-5 Abrasion Resistance:(mm) should not be less than 1 for all classes
* The lime stone should be solid, sound free from visible defect or masses which affect on
its appearance or strength.
Granite
First : classes : Non
Second : physical requirements *

2-1 Absorption (%) : should not exceed 0.4 .
2-2 Density (kg/m3): should not be less than 2500
2-3 Compressive Strength (N/mm2): should not be less than 10 130
2-4 Modulus of rupture (N/mm2): should not be less than 10
2-5 Abrasion resistance (mm): should not be less than 1
*Granite should be free from metals that lead to appearance of stains in normal conditions.
64
Chapter 7
Water Proofing
Title Specification
Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing IQ.S 4/1988
&Damp Proofing
Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints IQ.S 1110/1988

Hot Poured ,Elastic Type
Joints Sealant , Hot Poured ,For Concrete IQ.S 1136/1988

&Asphalt Pavement
Jet –Fuel-Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer IQ.S 1172/1988

Hot Poured Elastic Type
Emulsified Asphalt Used As a Protective IQ.S 1173/1987

Coating For Built Up
Asphalt Used In Proofing Roofs IQ.S 1196/1988
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For Concrete IQ.S 1280/1988

Paving & Structural Construction
(Non-Extruding & Resilient Bituminous Type)
Concrete Joint Sealer ,Cold Application Type IQ.S 1288/1989
65
Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing And Damp Proofing
(IQ.S 4/1988)
First :Mass Components and Lengths Requirements

Table 1: Mass components and lengths of bitumen felts rolls (first type)
Nominal mass of *
Components mass per unit area gained

Nominal length of
Nominal mass of
by analysis (gm/m2)
roll kg/10m2
Felt class
front tissue
Basic tissue Saturating Coating
(90 cm 2)
(gm/m2)
roll (m)
( min.limit) bitumen materials

&painting (nominal)
(min.limit)
a-1 14 10 or 220 190 540 450
(12.6) 20
a-2 16 10 or 260 220 630 450

(14.4) 20
First class
a-3 18 10 or 330 180 770 450

(16.2) 20
a-4 25 10 470 400 1190 450

(22.5)
1350
38 mineral
10 470 400 1280 grains
Second class
and
B
34.2 250
sand
* if standard roll width is 90 cm
66
Second : Quality Requirements
Table 2 :Quality requirements

Item no.
No. Test Requirements concerning in
test
1 Cutting Cutting force for felts specimens in 2-6-2
force direction perpendicular to fiber
should not be less than (3.4) kN/m
from specimen width or (85) N for
specimen and should not be less than
6 kN/m of fibers from specimen
width or 15N for specimen
2 Flexibility There is no crack with length more 2-6-3
than 5 mm
3 Thermal Asphalt should not melt 2-6-4
resistance
4 Loss on Loss on heating should not exceed 2-6-5
heating 1.5%
5 Cracking No crack or tearing occurs when the -----
roll is opened on flat surface with a
temperature not exceeds 25 C°
67
Asphalt Sealer For Concrete Joints ,Hot poured, Elastic type
(IQ.S 1110/1988)
First: Scope
This specification covers concrete joint sealer used in pavement ,bridges ,roofing by flags
& other structures & it does not include the asphalt sealer concerning airport’s runways or
lining of irrigation &drainage channels.
Second :Classification
This specification covers two classes of asphalt sealer differ in liquidity &joining
requirements & comply with the others :-
Class a: used in road ,bridges &other similar works.
Class b: used in roofing by flags.
Third :General Requirements:

The asphalt sealer is a resilient &adhesive compound capable of effectively sealing joints
in concrete against moisture throughout repeated cycles of expansion & contraction with
temperature changes &that will not flow from the joint or be picked up by vehicle tires .
The material shall be capable of being melted by heating to turn into liquid consistency
suitable for filling the joints .
Fourth :Physical Requirements

4-1 Pour point: shall be at least (11 Co) lower than the safe-heating temperature which is
the maximum temperature to which the material may be heated without
exceeding the permitted flow.
4-2 Penetration : at (25 Co) ,(150 g),(5 seconds) shall not exceed (9) mm.
4-3 Flow : shall not exceed (5 mm) at (60 C° ) for class A &not exceed (5 mm) at
(70 C°) for class B.
4-4 Bond :the sealer shall be tested at (-18 C°) for five complete cycles for class A&
(0 C°) for class B for five consequent cycles .
Appearance of a crack at any point over (6mm) deep , in the sealer or
between the sealer &mortar block , shall constitute failure of the test
specimen .
The depth of the crack shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealer .
At least two test specimens in a group of three representing a given sample of sealer shall
meet this requirement for bond .
If the first set of specimens fails to meet the requirements for bond test then the test
should be repeated on a new set of specimens , provided the safe –heating temperature is
found to be more than (11 C°)higher than the temperature of material used in pouring the
bond test specimen that failed provided the temperature is found to be (11 C°)lower than
the temperature of the safe – eating temperature.
68
Joints Sealants, Hot Poured ,For Cncrete & Asphalt Pavement
(IQ.S 1136/1988)
Test Requirements
Penetration Shall not exceed (9) mm at (25 C°),(150)g &(5)sec.
Flow Shall not exceed (3)mm at (60) C°
Bond Three specimens of sealant shall be tested at (-18C°)
for three complete cycles , appearance of a crack ,
separation ,or other opening that at any point is over
(6 mm) deep , in the sealer or between the sealer
&mortar block shall constitute failure of the test
specimen .The depth of the crack separation or
opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of
the sealer showing the defect .All three specimens
must meet this requirement for bond .
Resilience When tested at (25 C°) the recovery shall be a min. of
60 % C°
Asphalt There shall be no failure in adhesion , formation of an
compatibility oily exudate at the interface between the sealant &the
asphaltic concrete , or softening or other deleterious
effects on the asphaltic concrete or sealant when
tested at (60 C° )
69
Jet-Fuel –Resistant Concrete ,Joint Sealer ,Hot Poured Elastic Type
(IQ.S 1172/1988)
Test Requirements
Penetration before immerging Cone penetration shall not exceed
(0.1)mm (120) at (25 C°) ,(15g) for (5 sec)
Penetration after immerging Cone penetration shall not exceed
(0.1)mm (155) at (25 C°) ,(15g) for (5 sec)
Penetration difference (0.1)mm Penetration difference shall not
exceed (25)between before & after
immerging
Solubility (%) The gain or loss in weight on
soaking in test fuel shall not be
more than ± 2 % &there shall be no
apparent defects during the soaking
period that affect the material as a
sealing compound
Flow(mm) Shall be not more than (30mm)
after (5h.) at (60C°)
Bond before immerging After three cycles at (-18C°), not
more than one specimen out of
three shall be considered failed if it
develops any crack ,separation ,or
other opening in the sealing
compound or between the sealing
compound & the mortar blocks that
at any point is over (6mm)
deep ,measured perpendicularly to
the side of the sealing compound
showing the defect
Bond after immerging(mm) After soaking in test fuel ,not more
than one of the three specimens
tested at (-18 C°) for three cycles
shall be considered failed if it
shows complete cohesive failure of
the material & the gross area of
bare concrete exposed on the face
of any one block shall not exceed
(1.6 cm2)
70
Second: Bond Retest:
If the first set of specimens prepared in either of these bond tests fails to meet
the requirements , the bond test may be repeated on a new set of specimens, poured
at a higher temperature , providing this does not exceed the safe-heating temperature .
Third: Safe Heating Temperature :

This is the maximum temperature to which the material may be heated &poured without
exceeding the permitted flow . It shall be at least (11CO) higher than the manufacturer’s
recommended pour point temperature.
Forth: Octane Requirements:
Test Requirement
Octane number 100.00 ± 0.1
Density at 20CO (g/cm3) 0.69193 ± 0.00015
Refractive index at 20CO 1.39145± 0.00015
Freezing point minimum degree C -107.422
Distillation : 50% (deg.C) increase 99.238±0.025
from 20% to 80% in thermal oven
(deg.C) as maximum. 0.02
71
Emulsified Asphalt Used As A Protective Coating For Built Up Roofs
(IQ.S 1173/1987 )

Physical properties of emulsified asphalt

First type Second type Third type Fourth type
Property Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
limit limit limit limit limit limit limit limit
One liter mass 980 1040 1100 1140 980 1040 980 1080
(gm)
Residual after 45 55 40 60 47 53 45 55
evaporation(%)
Non-volatile 5 20 30 50 _ 8 5 25
material residual
after burning
(90)
Water content 45 55 40 60 _ 53 _ 55
(%)
Dryness/hour _ 24 _ 24 _ 24 _ 24
72
Asphalt Used In Proofing
(IQ.S 1196/1988 )

Asphalt should be homogenous and free of water. Each type of the fourth types of
asphalt should satisfy the requirements mentioned in the table below:-
Physical requirements for asphalt used in proofing

Test Type one Type two Type three Type four
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
limit limit limit limit limit limit limit limit
Softening point 57 66 70 80 85 96 99 107
C°
Flash point C° 246 240 _ 246 _ 246 _
_
Penetration
at 0 C° 3 ---- 6 ---- 6 ---- 6 ----
at 25 C° 18 60 18 40 15 35 12 25
at 46 C° 90 180 ---- 100 ---- 90 ---- 75
Plasticity 10 _ 3 _ 2.5 _ 1.5 _
(elongation)
at 25 C°
Solubility in 99 _ 99 _ 99 _ 99 _
trichloroethylene
Second: Proposal Inclination Limits as a Guide to Use the Four Types of Asphalt.
2-1 First type: this type has special properties such as ; good adhesion, self healing, flow
effected relatively by surface temperature and used for a surface that its inclination
does not exceed 4 %.
2-2 The flow of this type is affected moderately by the surface temperature, so it is used
for surfaces which have inclination between 4%-12%.
2-3 The flow of this type is not affected relatively by the surface temperature, so it is used
for inclined surfaces which its inclination is between (8% - 25%).
2-4- Fourth type: The flow of this type is not affected by surface temperature, so it used
for inclined surfaces in the regions where the temperature is relatively high during all
the year with an inclination (16% - 50 %)
73
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For
Concrete Paving &Structural Construction
(Non- Extruding And Resilient Bituminous Type)
(IQ.S 1280 /1988)
First: Definition:
This product consists of preformed strips compressible material and has the ability to
recover its shape after lifting the load .It is used to fill the expansion joints in concrete
pavements ,bridges & other structures. It is made of cane or other suitable fibers of a
cellular nature securely bound together and then uniformly saturated with asphalt or strips
formed from granulated cork securely bound together by a suitable asphalt binder and
encased between two layers af saturated felt or two layers of glass- fiber felt.
Second: Requirements:
2-1 Resistance to handling: No deformation or breaking occurs by twisting and bending
during transfer and use.
2-2 Compressibility: The load required to compress the test specimen to (50%) of its
nominal thickness shall be not less than (7 kg /cm2) and not more than (53 kg /cm2)if
the thickness of the specimen is (13 mm)or more
If the nominal thickness of the specimen is less than (13mm) then the compression of
not less than (7 kg /cm2) and not more than (87 kg /cm2 ) will be permitted. The
sample after compression shall not show a loss of more than 3% of its original mass.
2-3- Recovery: the specimen shall have recovered to at least 70% of its thickness after (10
minutes) of releasing the compression load.
2-4- Extrusion: specimen extrusion shall not be more than (6.5 mm) from the concrete
surface when the specimen is compressed to 50% of its original thickness.
2-5- Asphalt content :percentage of asphalt shall not be less than 35% of of the joint filler
weight & it shall be uniformly distributed throughout the cross section of the material.
2-6- Water absorption: shall not be more than 15% by volume of specimen which has a
specimen of (13 mm) or more, and 20% by volume of specimen which has a thickness
of less than (13 mm).
2-7- Weathering test :the filler is characterized with stiffness, disintegration resistance, or
separation of fibers when it is subjected to weather..
Third: Optional requirements.

3-1 Asphalt penetration: shall be between (25-100) measured in (decimals of mm)
when the temperature is (25) Co
3-2- Density: shall be not less than (0.304)gm/cm3
74
Concrete Joint Sealer, Cold Application Type
( IQ.S 1288/1989 )
First: General Requirements:

1-1-The sealing compound shall be composed of one substance or more that are to be
mixed prior to application in order to obtain a homogenous preparation without heating or
with moderate heating in temperature not exceed 28Co .
1-2- The sealing after curing shall be flexible with good ability to adhere concrete joint and
protect it from moisture through many consequence cycles of tension and compression.
The sealing should not flow from joints nor adhere with vehicle tires.
1-3- The sealing shall be capable to pour at 21 Co directly after preparing and it will be
useable to a period not less than one hour.
1-4- The sealing after curing shall adhesive with dry concrete.
Second :Physical Requirements

2-1- Penetration – The sealing compound, after curing at (25Co) and (150 g) for (5
seconds)shall have a penetration not greater than (23.5 mm).
2-2- Flow – the sealing compound, after curing, shall show a flow not more than (5mm)
at (60Co).
2-3- Bond –bond test consists of five cycles of tension and compression at (-18Co).
The development of a crack or separation over (6mm) deep at any point shall constitute
failure of the test specimen, the depth of the crack shall
be measured perpendicularly to the side of the sealer.
The sealing passes the bond test if two specimens at least in a group of three
specimens shall meet the test requirements.
Third: Sampling
Many refills should be chosen randomly from each consignment provided that the
number of specimens shall not be less than the cube root of the total number.
75
Chapter 8
Asbestos Cement
Title Specification
Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets IQ.S 83/1999
Corrugated Sheets and Fittings IQ.S 79/1999

for Roofing and Cladding
Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints IQ.S 143/1990

Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets
(IQ.S 83/1999)
First: Classification
It is classified into two classes according to the minimum limit of the bending strength
(see bending strength)
Second: Tolerance in Dimensions:

2-1 Tolerance in length and with : ± 0.4% and should not be more than 5mm.
2-2 Tolerance in thickness
Thickness (mm) Tolerance(mm)

3-5 ± 5%
6-25 ± 10%
Note: the tolerance between maximum and minimum thickness of one flat sheet should not
be more than 10% from the maximum measured for the same flat sheet.
Third: - Edges:
3-1 Edge straightness: - the tolerance should not be more than 2mm /m from length and
width.
3-2: Edge squareness: tolerance should not be more than 3m/m
Fourth: Bending Strength:-

Bending strength as min .limit (N/mm2)

Class of plate
Loading in asbestos fiber Loading perpendicular to
direction asbestos fiber
1 20 28
2 13 16
Fifth: Density
Class of plate sheet Density as min .limit (kg/m3)

1 1600
2 1200
Corrugated Sheets and Fittings for Roofing and Cladding
(IQ.S 79/1999)
First: - Classification
1-1 According to the height of wave
Class Nominal height for waves(mm)
Low waves 15-25
Medium waves 26-45
Deep waves 46-60
Very deep waves Larger than 60
1-2 According to thickness of flat sheet

Type Thickness description
A Approximately constant thickness through out profile
width (perpendicular on flat sheet waves).
B Uniformly changed between the upper and the lower
wave.
Second: Dimensions
2-1: Thickness
Thickness as minimum limit (mm) for two
Class
types a,b
Low waves 3.0
Medium and deep waves 5.0
Very deep waves 6.0
2-2: Tolerance in dimensions:-

Tolerance in wave Tolerance in wave
Class
length (mm) height (mm)
Low waves ± 1.5 ± 2.0
Medium waves ± 2.0 ± 2.0
Deep waves ± 3.0 ± 3.0
Very deep waves ± 3.0 ± 3.0
Third : Rupture Loading
Class Minimum limit of rupture loading

(N for One meter width
Low waves 1500
Medium waves 2000
Deep waves 4250
Very deep waves 7400
Fourth : Density
Should not be less than 1400 kg/m3
Fifth : Water Bleeding .

Very little moisture (should be permitted to appear) on the lower surface of flat sheet but
sequence water drops should not be permitted
Note :- This specification should not be applied on the un similar waved flat sheets sections
nor on the short waved flat sheets that its long is less than 0.6m.
Asbestos - Cement Pressure pipes and Joints
(IQ.S 143/1990)
1-1 First group
Class Test pressure (t.p)kg/cm2

200 6
400 12
600 18
800 24
1000 30
1100 12-18
1200 12-18
1300 12-18
1400 12-18
1500 12-18
2-1 Second group

Test pressure (tip)
Class
N/mm2 Kg/cm2
5 0.5 5
10 1.0 10
15 1.5 15
20 2.0 20
25 2.5 25
30 3.0 30
Second : The Pressure Relationship

b.p b.p
Nominal diameters (mm)
t.p w.p
50-100 2 4
125-200 1.75 3.5
250-500 1.5 3.0
600-1000 1.5 2.5
1100-1500 1.5 2.5
Note
1-Values in the table above represent the minimum limit for pressure relationships.
2- b.p =bursting pressure
t.p = test pressure
*w.p =working pressure
Third: Dimensions
3-1 Nominal diameter: it should be equal to the interior diameter of pipe.
3-2 Thickness: actual thickness should not be less than 8mm for all classes.
3-3 Tolerances in exterior diameter: for ends prepared at convection rings, tolerance in
exterior diameter should not exceed the values in the table below:-
Nominal diameter (mm) Tolerance (mm)

50-300 ± 0.6
350-500 ± 0.8
600-700 ± 1.00
800-1000 ± 1.2
3-4 Tolerance in length : limited between (+5mm)to (-20)mm .
3-5 Tolerance in nominal thickness.
Nominal thickness (mm) Tolerance (mm)

Up to 10 ± 0.5
10-20 ± 2.0
20-30 ± 2.5
More than 30 ± 3.0
Chapter 9
Epoxy
Title Specification
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding ASTM C 881-90

System for concrete
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding System for concrete
( ASTM C 881-90 )
Physical Requirements:
Table (1) shows the types & the requirements of Epoxy used for concrete bonding:
Table 1: Physical requirements of bonding system
Epoxy type
Property
I II III IV V VI VII
1. Viscosity (Pa.s)
- Grade 1, max. 2 2 2 2 2 - -
- Grade 2, min. 2 2 2 2 2 - -
-Max 10 10 10 10 10 - -
2. Consistency, in (mm)
- Grade 3, Type V-I. 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 - -
- Grade 3, Type VII – VI. - - - - - - -
- Thickness (1.6 mm) max. - - - - - 0 0
- Thickness (6.4 mm) min. - - - - - 1.6 1.6
3. Gel Time, (minutes), min. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
4. Bond strength, min. (mPa)
- 2 days (dry cure) 6.9 - - 6.9 - 6.9 -
- 14 days (moist cure) 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 - 6.9
5. Absorption (24h), max. % 1 1 1 1 1 - -
◦
6. Temperature of thermal reflection (C )
- 7 days, min. - - - 49 49 - -
- 14 days, min. - - - - - 49 49
Passes
7. Thermal Compatibility - - test - - - -
8. Linear shrinkage modulus at curing ,
0.05 0.05 - 0.05 0.05 - -
max, %
Passes
9. Actual Shrinkage - - test - - - -
10. Yield strength by compression
(mPa)
- 24 hours - - - - - 13.8 -
- 36 hours - - - - - - 6.9
- 48 hours - - - - - 41.4 -
- 72 hours - - - - - - 13.8
- 7 days 55.2 34.5 - 6.9 55.2 - -
11. Compressive modulus (mPa)
- min. 1034 6.12 - 1379 1034 - -
- max. - - 896 - - - -
12. Tensile strength, 7 days (mPa), max. 34.5 13.8 - 48.3 41.4 - -
13. Elongation at failure (%), min. 1 1 30 1 1 - -
14. Touch strength (mPa), min.
- 2 days - - - - - 6.9 -
- 14 days - - - - - - 6.9
Translated by:
_ Baree'a M. Abdullatif – Supervisor
_Amina Shaheed
_Ismat kadhum
_Rabab Mejeed
_ Sahar Usama
Printed by:
_Afrah Abdulhussein
_Ban Akram
_Salam Samir AL-Ahwal
_Manal mohemmed
_Shahla Abbas
_Isra‘a Riffa'at
Designed by:
Afrah Abdulhussein
Checked by:
‘
_ Baree a M. Abdullatif – Supervisor
_Ismat kadhum
_Amina Shaheed
_ Bushra Mohammed

Iraqi Standard (Materials Specification &amp; Construction Works

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Contents

Chapter 1: Gypsum & Lime and Their Products

Chapter 3 : Cement & Concrete

Chapter 5 : Clayey Products

Chapter 6: Rocks & Stones

Chapter (7) : Water Proofing

Chapter 10:Concrete Admixture

Chapter 11:Paint and Varnish

Chapter 12:Reinforcement Steel

Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at

- Dr. Isam H. Nasha'at General Director / General Supervisor

Gypsum & Lime and Their Products

 Gypsum for Building IQ.S 28 / 1988

 Sand – Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548 / 1989

Second: Physical Requirements

Table 1: Physical requirements

Normal Gypsum Technical

Third: Chemical Requirements

Table 2: Chemical requirements

Item Property Normal Gypsum Gypsum Technical

First: Standard Dimensions

Type Length(mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

Third: Compressive strength

Fourth: Total Density

Fifth: Maximum Limit for Dry Shrinkage

Sixth: Water Absorption

First: -Admixture Types

7 days age _ 90 90 125 _

Ash content ** To be within 1%(m/m) of the value

Second : Basic requirements

Item Requirements Specification limits

Third: Optional requirements:

Item Requirements Specification limits

Second : Specific Requirements

* The paint should be classified as the following:

Table 2: Physical & chemical requirements

2-1 Solid substances from the 55 40

Non – unified water, %

Item Requirements Specification Limits

* Should show the hammer rap.

Item Requirements Specification limits

Second : Chemical Requirements:

Table 1: Chemical requirements

Third : Physical Requirements

Table 2: Physical requirement

The paint layer should not change when it is

Table 3: Using properties

Table 4: Optional requirement

Second : General Requirements

Table 1: General requirements

** The tests are done according to agreements between concerned parties.

Table 2: Quality requirements

Second : Requirements: as in the following table.

Item Requirements Specification limits

* It is divided into two types:

a-First type: for general purposes.

a- First type ** a- The paint shall not flash at any temperature

The resultant paint layre (as a single coat or as

 Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel for ASTM A615-86

Table 1: Tensile requirements for steel bar for concrete reinforcement

* Bar of class 300 made only for diameter from 10 to 20 mm

Table 2: Bending requirement for concrete reinforcement

Support diameter for bending test*

* Bending test at 1800 except what is mentioned otherwise.

Iraqi Standard (Materials Specification & Construction Works

Iraqi Standard (Materials Specification & Construction Works

Gypsum for Building IQ.S 28 / 1988

Sand – Lime Bricks & Blocks IQ.S 548 / 1989

Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel for ASTM A615-86