Project on GSM BSS Planning

Network Planning Procedure

 1. Cellular planning principle

 2. Network topology
 3. Traffic estimation
 4. Coverage planning
 5. Frequency planning
 6. Site selection

Network Planning Principle

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 Project on GSM BSS Planning

Scope of Network Planning

Input Data:

 Maps
 Main city
 Important road
 Location of mountain range
 Inhabited area
 Shore line
 Local knowledge
 Typical architecture
 Structure of city

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 Project on GSM BSS Planning

Demographic Data

 Statistical yearbook
 Largest town and city
 Population distribution
 Where are the expected subscribers

 Local knowledge
 Population migration route
 Traffic volume
 Subscriber concentration area

Network Configuration

Micro Cell Network

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 Project on GSM BSS Planning

Cell coverage range

 Achievable cell coverage depend on

 Frequency band (450, 900, 1800 MHz)
 Surroundings and environment
 Link budget figure
 Antenna type
 Antenna direction
 Minimum required signal level

Traffic Estimation

 Estimate number of subscribers

 Long-term prediction
 Forecast Subscribers
 Expected traffic load per subscriber
 Particular habits of subscribers
 Busy hour conditions
 Busy hour of the day
 Traffic patterns

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Traffic Planning

Project on GSM BSS Planning

Traffic Patterns

 Traffic varies between different hours; estimated traffic must be able to

satisfy the peak loads. Busy hour traffic is typically twice that of the
average.

Coverage planning

Coverage Requirements

 Rollout phases and time schedules

 Coverage requirement
 Agree on min. level for outdoor coverage
 Loss requirement

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  Indoor coverage area
 Mobile classes
 Operator’s cell deployment strategies
 Omni-cell site in rural area
 Directional site in urban area

Coverage Planning

 Loss
 Due to coverage
 Due to interference

Project on GSM BSS Planning

Frequency Planning

 Why we reuse the frequency?

8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320 users ==> max. 320

simultaneous calls!!!

 Limited bandwidth
 Interference are unavoidable
 Minimize total interference in network
 Use calculated propagation prediction for frequency allocation

 Target

Find solution to minimize interferences in the network

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 Traditional method
 Hexagonal cell patterns
 Regular grid
 Cluster sizes

Frequency reuses distance: D = R *sqrt (3*cluster-size)

 Frequency planning always consider the following case

 Actual situation is different.
 Power control, actual traffic and distribution of subscribers.
 Average frequency reuse rate is a criteria for good allocation

scheme:

Project on GSM BSS Planning

 Frequency Reuse

 Reuse frequency as often as possible

 Increase network capacity
 But maybe cause some interference
 Consideration for frequency reuse

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  Interference matrix calculation
 Propagation model tuning
 Minimize total interference in network

Site Location

 Cell performance has a close relationship with site location

 Site is long-term investment
 Site acquisition is a slow process
 Hundreds of sites needed per network

Bad Site Location

 Avoid hill-top location for site

 Uncontrollable interference
 Cross coverage
 Bad handover behavior

Project on GSM BSS Planning

Good Site Location

 Prefer site off the hill-top

 Use hill to separate cell
 Contiguous coverage area
 Need only low antenna height if site are slightly elevated above
valley bottom

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Site Selection Criteria

 Radio criteria

 Good view in main beam direction

 No obstacles
 Good visibility of terrain
 Antenna installation situation
 LOS to next microwave site
 Short feeder length

Project on GSM BSS Planning

 Non-radio criteria
 Space for equipment
 Availability of leased transmission line or microwave link
 Power supply
 Access restrictions
 House owner
 Rental costs