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Foliación y Lineación
Definiciones
* Excepto para los gneises, para los que se mantiene foliación o bandeamiento
Categorías básicas de fábrica
a) Fábrica aleatoria
b) Lineación
c) Foliación
d) Foliación y lineación
a) Fábrica continua
b) Fábrica discontinua
Tipos de Foliación
Pizarrosidad (Slaty cleavage)
Definida por planos con pequeño espaciamiento.
En los planos, concentración de arcillas o pequeñas micas orientadas
paralelamente.
Slates are formed from fine-grained sediments such as mudstone and shale. When
these are compressed and heated a little, tiny new flakes of mica grow, and tend to line
themselves up at right angles to the direction of compression. Although the individual
mica crystals cannot be seen, the rock breaks along a particular direction, or cleavage
plane. Here you can see the cleavage, and you can also see that it is not parallel to the
original bedding marked by dark and light bands. Field of view 2.5 mm.
This rock originally consisted of alternating layers of silty material and mud. When
it was compressed, the silty layers folded and the rock as a whole became a slate.
The cleavage is best developed in the finer layers, but you can see that it cuts right
through the folded silty layer too. Field of view 2.5 mm.
A phyllite is similar to a slate, except that it forms at higher temperatures. Now the
new mica flakes are large enough to see under the microscope, and form mats of
crystals (pink when seen between crossed polarisers) lying parallel to each other. In
hand specimen this rock has a glossy sheen, but individual mica crystals cannot be
distinguished with the naked eye. Field of view 2.5 mm, polarising filters.
Esquistosidad (Schistosity)
At higher temperatures of metamorphism, new mica flakes grow larger. If they
line up parallel to each other, they form a schistosity - the rock will split along
these directions. In this schist you can see both brown and colourless mica
flakes. Field of view 1.5 mm.
In this schist, viewed between crossed polarisers, the parallel mica flakes show up in
bright colours, and large rounded garnet crystals appear black. Field of view 6 mm,
polarising filters.
Bandeamiento
gnéisico
- Cuarzo – Feldespato
- Ferromagnesianos
Crenulación
Foliación desarrollada por microplegamiento
Crenulación simétrica y asimétrica
Foliación milonítica
Pizarra Arenisca
Plegamiento y disolución
Caso de la crenulación
1. De intersección
Entre la estratificación y una
esquistosidad
2
2. De Crenulación
Formada por los ejes de los
micropliegues.
3. Mineral
Alineamiento de minerales
alargados
1
- reorientación o
- recristalización
4. De estiramiento
Lineación de Intersección
Lineación de crenulación
Lineación mineral
Lineación de estiramiento - Boudinage
Boudinage
Mullions
Definición:
Porción de la corteza
terrestre que muestra
un tipo característico
de mecanismo de
deformación.
- Cizallamiento
- Flexión
- Aplanamiento
- Flujo