Mariah Angelica R.

Ferrer

EDS11

Philippine Presidents

REPUBLIC (Revolutionary government/The Philippines was still under Spanish rule)

1.) Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy

President: Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901)

Vice President: Mariano C. Trias (1899-)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

The president of the first Philippine republic (1899). He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of

the Katipunan in Cavite, then was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros

Convention on March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. He proclaimed Philippine

independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed

resistance to American rule. Emilio is recognised as the first president of the Philippines; he was president

from 1899 to 1901. Prior to this, he led Philippine forces against Spain during the period 1896 to 1897,

and during the the Spanish–American War in 1898. He led forces against the United States during the

Philippine–American War from 1899 to 1901.

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)

1.) Manuel Luis Molina Quezon

President Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944)(Died in exile in the U.S.)

Vice-President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr.(1936-1944)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

 The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. He was

president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. For advocating Filipino-language amendments to the 1935

Constitution, he is known as the “Father of the National Language.”

2.) Sergio Suico Osmenia, Sr.

President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr.(1944-1946)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

Assumed the presidency upon the death of Quezon while the Philippine Commonwealth government is

in exile in the U.S. The first Filipino national leader under the American regime as speaker of the

Philippine assembly and the second president of the Philippines (1944-1946).

SECOSECOND REPUBLIC (Japanese Occupation)

1.) 11.) Jose Paciano Garcia Laurel

PresidePresident: Jose P. Laurel(1943-1945)

Vice-VVice Presidents: Benigno Aquino, Sr. and Ramon Avancena(1943-1945)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

Filipino lawyer, politician, and jurist, who served as president of the Philippines (1943–45) during the

Japanese occupation during World War II. President of the Second Republic from 1943 to 1945. He had

been secretary of the interior (1923), senator (1925 – 1931), delegate to the Constitutional Convention

(1934), and chief justice during the commonwealth. When World War II broke out, he was instructed by

Quezon to stay in Manila and deal with the Japanese to soften the blow of enemy occupation. As
president, he defended Filipino interests and resisted Japanese efforts to draft Filipinos into the Japanese

military service. Upon return of the American forces, Laurel was imprisoned in Japan when Douglas

Macarthur occupied that country He was returned to the Philippines to face charges of treason, but these

were dropped when President Roxas issued an amnesty proclamation. In the Third Republic, he was

elected senator and negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement.

THIRD REPUBLIC

1.) Manuel Acuna Roxas

President: Manuel L. Roxas (1946-1948) (Died of a heart attack)

Vice-President: Elpidio R. Quirino(1946-1948)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

He’s term involves scandals in Golden Arinola and the born of Surplus Property Board that was briefly

responsible for disposing of $90 billion of surplus war property held by the United States government in

the final year of World War II. Created by the Surplus Property Act of 1944.

2.) Elpidio Rivera Quirino

President: Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953)(Assumed the remaining term & re-elected)

Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez (1948-1953)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino

became president.Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency. He created Social

Security Commission,created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption and Quezon City became

capital of the Philippines in 1948/

3.)Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay, Jr.

President: Ramon F. Magsaysay(1953-1957)

(Magsaysay died in an airplane crash on March 16, 1957 on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu)

Vice-President: Carlos P. Garcia(1953-1957)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. He had been President Quirino’s secretary of defense

who was instrumental is suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass

the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act

was passed. He secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the US

Military Bases agreement to bring it more in line with Philippine interests.

4.)Carlos Polistico Garcia

President: Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)

(Assumed the remaining term and re-elected)

Vice-President: Diosdado P. Macapagal(1957-1961)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 1957 to 1961. Remembered for his Filipino First Policy. He was

among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the Association for

Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

5.)Diosdado Pangan Macapagal

President: Diosdado P. Macapagal(1961-1965)

Vice-President: Emmanuel N. Pelaez(1961-1965)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Republic of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965. He asked Congress to pass the

Agricultural Land Reform Code, which abolished share tenancy and installed a leasehold system in its

place; it finally passed on August 8, 1963. This was a significant step toward resolving the agrarian

problem. It was during his presidency that Independence Day was moved from July 4 to June 12, the

date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence in Cavite.

6.)Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1972)(the first to win 2 presidential terms)

Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez(1965-1972)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three

years. He was president for 21 years. He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for its

corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the People Power Revolution.

President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Declared martial law on September 21, 1972. After the

People Power revolution in February 1986, he was ousted from power and lived in exile in Honolulu,

Hawaii. He is involved in the Dovie Beams Tapes Scandal.

FOURTH REPUBLIC (Martial Law, "The New Republic" & Parliamentary Government)

1.) Ferdinand Marcos

President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (1972-1986)(unseated by the People Power Revolution)

(Marcos died in exile in Hawaii on September 28, 1989 of Lupus complications)

Prime Minister:Cesar E. A. Virata(1972-1986)

Vice-President: Arturo M. Tolentino(1972-1986) (proclaimed but did not serve due to the revolt)

FIFTH REPUBLIC (Under the new "People Power" Constitution)

1.) Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino

President: Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino(1986-1992)

Vice-President: Salvador H. Laurel(1986-1992)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. With Salvador Laurel as running mate, she led the

opposition that overthrew the authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the

successful People’s Power revolution of 1986. She first established a revolutionary government under

the Freedom Constitution, later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for re-

establishing democracy

2.) Fidel Valdez Ramos

President: Fidel V. Ramos(1992-1998)

Vice-President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1997. As head of the Constabulary under President Marcos, he

was instrumental in helping to design and implement martial law. Together with General Ponce Enrile

and the RAM, he defected from the government in 1986 and joined the People’s Power revolution that

ousted Marcos from power. His presidency is remembered for better integrating the national economy in

the global scheme.

3.) Joseph Ejercito Estrada

President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998-2001)

(Deposed by "People Power")

Vice-President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo(1998-2001)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001. During his term in office, he was arrested and stood

trial at a congressional impeachment hearing on charges of accepting bribes and corruption. While this

trial was aborted when the senators voted 11 to 10 not to open incriminating evidence against him, he

was ousted from power anyway as a peaceful People’s Power II revolution arose and called for his

resignation

4.) Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)Assumed Estrada's remaining term & re-elected)

Vice-President: Teofisto T. Guingona(2001-2004) (1st term of Arroyo)

Vice-President: Manuel "Noli" Leuterio de Castro (2004-2010)( 2nd term of Arroyo)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004. She served as vice president under President Estrada

and became president when he was forced to step down for malfeasance, through the People’s Power II

revolution. PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did her father, President Diosdado

Macapagal, when he tried to clean up corruption in government. Her government continues enjoy

political legitimacy in the face of opposition. The so-called "Hello Garci" controversy involved

recordings that allegedly captured Arroyo ordering the rigging of the election that put her in office. In

2005 Arroyo faced impeachment proceedings related to the recordings but the impeachment failed. After

she had left office Arroyo faced additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.

5.) Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III

President: Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III (2010-2016) Vice-President: Jejomar

"Jojo" Cabauatan Binay(2010-2016)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

He created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy, appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as

secretary of Interior and Local Government in 2010, where Robredo served until his death in 2012,

initiated K-12 education in the Philippines,renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential

Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers,suspended allowances and bonuses to

Government Owed and Controlled Corporation and Government Financial Institution board members

and oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012

6.) Rodrigo Roa Duterte

President: Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte a.k.a. Digong(2016-Present)

Vice-President: Maria Leonor "Leni" Santo Tomas Gerona-Robredo(2016-Present)

Biography, Achievements, Programs and scandals:

Current president of the Philippines. Was elected to a six-year term in May 2016. Took office on June

30. Known by the nickname Digong. A lawyer and politician of Visayan descent from the southern

island of Mindanao.In the first four months of his term, President Duterte has made impressive progress

in asserting Philippine sovereignty and dignity in the international arena, in aligning the country with

Asian values instead of Hollywood-manufactured cultural norms, in the fight against drugs, in uplifting

the status of indigenous peoples and of our Muslim brothers in the south, in putting an end to endo, in

putting on notice corrupt government officials, and in securing fishing privileges for Filipinos in waters

that China has been claiming as its own. He has also secured financial support from Japan and promises

from Russia.

References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_Philippines

https://soapboxie.com/world-politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-

Contributions

https://www.geni.com/people/Emilio-Aguinaldo/6000000010571050479