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8051 MICROCONTROLLER
PS – TRAINER-8051B
USER MANUAL
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
6.1 ADDITION 22
6.2 SUBTRACTION 23
6.3 MULTIPLICATIONS 24
6.4 DIVISION 25
6.5 MULTI BYTE ADDITION 26
6.6 LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY 28
6.7 PROGRAMS FOR SORTING 29
6.8 BCD TO HEX CONVERSION 30
6.9 HEX TO BCD CONVERSION 31
6.10 ASCII TO HEX CONVERSION 32
6.11 SQUARE ROOT OF A GIVEN NUMBER 33
6.12 PARITY GENERATION 34
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 WELCOME
Thank you for purchasing PS-8051 Board from PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT LTD. The PS-8051
board which demonstrates the capabilities of the 40-pin 8051 (various families) Sample programs are
provided to demonstrate the unique features of the supported devices.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
The PS – 8051 board is based on Intel 8051Microcontroller which operates at 11.0592 MHZ. The
board can operate using 101/104 PC keyboard supplied along with the trainer kit and 2 line by 16
characters LCD display or from the PC (using the Terminal Emulation Software). PS – 8051 is equipped
with powerful software monitor in 27C256 EPROM. Keyboard and LCD display. The board has 32KB CMOS
static RAM (type 62256). PS – 8051 works on +9V DC at 1 Amp.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
MEMORY:
ALLOCATION OF EPROM:
ALLOCATION OF RAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
PARALLEL INTERFACE:
CONNECTOR DETAILS
The 20 Pin FRC connector is used to interconnect with the Interface cards like ADC, DAC,
SWITCH/LED, RELAY buzzer Interfaces etc. Pin details are given below
J1 J4 J3
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
The 50 Pin FRC connector is used to interconnect with the Interface cards like 8255, 8279,
8253/8251, 8259 ….
J6
GND 1 2
D0 3 4 D1VCC
D2 5 6 D3
D4 7 8 D5
D6 9 10 D7
A0 11 12 A1
A2 13 14 A3
A4 15 16 A5
A6 17 18 A7
A8 19 20 A9
A10 21 22 A11
A12 23 24 A13
A14 25 26 A15
PCLK 27 28
RST 29 30
31 32 INT0
INT1 33 34
35 36 RD
WR 37 38
ALE 39 40 EA
PSEN 41 42 CS6
CS7 43 44 CS8
CS9 45 46
RXD 47 48 TXD
VCC 49 50 GND
KEYBOARD CONNECTOR:
5V
R13 R12
1K 1K
PS2
5
PC07 2 8 PC06
1 6
JP1
3
PIN NO SIGNAL
8,6 DATA
5 VCC
3 GND
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
NC
NC
P1
1 RXD
6
2
7 CTS
3
8
4 TXD
9
5
NC
NC
NC
GND
DRIVERS USED:
MAX 232 is used for transmitting receiving of characters.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
LCD CONNECTOR
LCD
JP1
1
1
2 LCD 2
3 RS
4 RW 10K
5 E R1
6 D0
7 3
D1
8 D2
9 D3
10 D4
11 D5
12 D6
13 D7
14
15
16
PS trainer kit will work at 0 – 9v (1 amp) from the PS power supply. Provision is made in PS power supply to
bring out on the front panel DC regulated voltage output for interfacing with add-on cards.
+9V 1 amp
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
101 PC type keyboard is interfaced to Microcontroller through its port pin. Communication between
keyboard and Microcontroller takes place using 2 wires – one for serial clock and serial data (P1.6 and P1.7).
A <BEG> ASSEMBLE
B BAUD RATE
D <BEG> DISASSEMBLE
E <BEG> <END> EXAMINE
G <BEG> EXECUTE
H HELP COMMANDS
I <ADDR> INTERNAL RAM
L <OFFSET> DOWNLOAD
M <ADDR> MODIFY
N NORMAL MODE
Q QUIT
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
4.1 POWER ON
Connect the PS – 8051 board to the power having the following specifications.
+9V DC 1 Amp
Switch on the power supply after ensuring the correct voltages. Following message will appear on the LCD display.
PAN TECH
8051
On power on or after reset the display shows PANTECH 8051 as a sign on message. The prompt character – is
displayed in the next line informing the user, that the board is ready to accept the commands.
ENTERING MNEMONICS
Example:
PAN TECH Enter the starting Address
▁a8500
Enter Key
User program starts from address 8500. Display the following and waits for the user data to be typed in
the second line.
EXAMPLE:
8500:
mov a,#12 Type the Mnemonics
Enter Key
8502:
mov b,#12
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
Enter Key
EXIT COMMAND:
Double enter you get the main menu
Enter Key
8500:
4A ▁
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
Enter key
After executing display
▁ Executing display
Enter Key
4.4 DISASSEMBLER
Disassemble converts the hex byte stored in the memory into equivalent mnemonics. To enter into
disassemble mode, type D in the command mode followed by the memory address.
EXAMPLE:
Press H for help Enter the Starting Address
▁d8500
Enter Key
8500: 74 12
MOV A,#12
8502: 75 0B 12
MOV B,#12
Enter the space bar key
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
Using this command the user can display/modify any external memory address.
Modify External memory
R (REGISTER DISPLAY)
EXAMPLE:
Press H for help Enter the starting Address
▁RA
Enter Key
A = FF
T (TRANSFER COMMAND)
EXAMPLE:
T8500 8600 9000 Press Enter Key.
The above command transfer the memory content starting from source start address 8500 to destination
start address 8600 till source end address 9000 is reached
Starting address 8500
End address 8600
Destination address 9000
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
Enter Key
T: 8500 to 9000
▁
N (LOCAL MODE)
When this key is depressed on PC keyboard, the PS – 8051 Kit starts working through local 101 key
keyboard. Serial communication is disabled. Following message will appear in the LCD display.
! Normal Mode!
B (BAUD RATE)
Press the ‘B ‘
BAUD RATE : @0150
@150 Enter the Space Bar Key to change Baud Rate
This command is similar to that of modify external except it displays/modifies internal 128 bytes of 8051
Microcontroller. Use of UP, DOWN and ENTER keys are also as described above. The example program is
given in chapter 6
Note: This command is one of the important commands used to modify the internal memory of controller.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
To verify the code depress D starting address and depress space bar to see next memory location
For Ex: D8500 and press spacebar till the end of the program
To view the output in the Register depress ‘R’ and press enter key in keyboard.
To view the code depress D starting address and depress space bar to see next memory location
For Ex: D8500 and press spacebar till the end of the program
To execute the program Depress “G staring address for Ex: G8500 and press Reset Switch(SW2)
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
To view the output in the Register depress ‘R’ and press enter key in keyboard
Note: 1) “M” is used for displaying the result, for Ex: M8500
1) Mnemonics method
2) Opcode method
This chapter describes the technique for developing program in PS – 8051 board. For the development of
program it is essential to get familiar with the machine code of 8051 Microcontroller or mnemonics of
instruction set.
5.1 REGISTERS:
From the programmer’s point of view 8051 has the following register:
A or Accumulator used for all logical and arithmetical operations.
B register (8 bit) used in multiply/divides instructions only.
R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 register are general-purpose registers.
Program counter is 16 bit register capable of addressing from 0000-FFFF
Stack pointer is an 8-bit register. It is initialized a value of 70, please note the value of SP is
incremented by 1 or 2 (whereas SP decrements 1 or 2 in 8085 or Z80) depending on the type of
instructions. Also stack uses only internal 128 bytes of memory.
Status/Flag register keeps track of flags.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
5.3 BREAKPOINT:
When writing program it is essential to debug them and for this break points are necessary. Normally these
are achieved by using software Break points. However 8051 does not have any such facility. Other
conventional methods require extra hardware and hence these are avoided in PS – 8051 board.
Wherever break points are required they can be called like subroutines. As soon as break point is called all
the register values are saved and displayed on the console or in local display.
It is possible to continue the program execution just by depressing G and enter in local mode.
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
When break point is encountered, all the register values are saved and the Acc. Value is displayed in the
LCD display. Now use SPACE key to check register values one by one.
ALGORITHM:
INPUT:
MOV A,# 13
ADD A,#14
OUTPUT:
8600 27H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
ALGORITHM:
INPUT:
MOV A,# 20
SUBB A,#10
OUTPUT:
8600 10H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
Using the accumulator, Multiplication is performed and the result is stored.
Immediate addressing is employed.
The MUL instruction writes the result in the accumulator
INPUT:
MOV A,# 06H
MOV F0,#02H
OUTPUT:
8600 0CH
PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
Using the accumulator, Division is performed and the result is stored.
Immediate addressing is employed.
The div instruction writes the result in the accumulator
INPUT:
MOV A,# 08H
MOV F0,#02H
OUTPUT:
8600 04H
8601 00H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
INPUT:
8600 02H
8601 03H (FIRST INPUT)
8602 04H
8610 02H
8611 03H (SECOND INPUT)
8612 04H
OUTPUT:
8700 04H
8701 06H
8702 08H
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
Let Internal memory location (say 40H) has the biggest number i.e. zero.
Now the biggest number in internal memory location is stored in memory as the Result.
Now compare the first number with internal memory location. If it is greater, move it to
internal memory
INPUT:
8600 05H, 09H, 06H, 05H, 03H
8605 07H, 0AH, 0BH, 7FH ,04H
OUTPUT:
860A 7FH
PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
The sorting technique used here is relatively simple. First consider the first two numbers of the array.
INPUT:
8600 05H, 08H, 07H, 06H, 04H
OUTPUT:
8600 04H, 05H, 06H, 07H, 08H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
8 bit two digit BCD number system into Hexadecimal number system.
Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a system of writing numerals that assigns a four-digit binary code
to each digit 0 through 9 in a decimal (base-10) numeral.
INPUT:
8600 15H
OUTPUT:
8601 0FH
PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
8 bit two digit Hexadecimal number system into BCD number system.
The hexadecimal number system (also called base-16) is a number system that uses 16 unique
symbols to represent a particular value. Those symbols are 0-9 and A-F.
INPUT:
8600 0FH
OUTPUT:
8601 00H
8602 15H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
8 bit two digit ASCII l number system into hex decimal number system.
Acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII
is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from
0 to 127
INPUT:
8600 0AH
OUTPUT:
8700 41H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
A square root of a number a is a number y such that y2 = a, or, in other words, a number y whose
square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or y × y) is a.[1] For example, 3 is a square
root of 09 because 32 = 09.
8 bit square root number for follows
INPUT:
8600 09H
OUTPUT:
8700 03H
PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
Even parity bit and odd parity bit. When using even parity, the parity bit is set to 1
INPUT:
8600 02H, 04H,06H, 08H
OUTPUT:
8700 01H
PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
Assume XTAL = 11.0592 MHz, find the frequency of the square wave generated on pin P1.0 in the
following program
In mode 2 we do not need to reload TH since it is auto-reload. Now (256 - 05) × 1.085 us =251 ×
1.085 us = 272.33 us is the high portion of the pulse.
Since it is a 50% duty cycle square wave, the period T is twice that; as a result T = 2 × 272.33 us =
544.67 us and the frequency =1.83597 kHz
PROCEDURE:
Execute the program. Output generate the square wave J4 connector P1.0 in terminated
PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
THEORY:
8051 to transfer the letter “A” serially at 9600 baud continuously. Use 8-bit data and 1 stop bit.
PROCEDURE:
Through open the PC hyper terminal window (serial window) .set 9600 BUAD RATE
PS2 KIT press ‘B’ set 9600 baud rate value after execution program.
TRANSMITTER PROGRAM:
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
RECEIVER PROGRAM:
PS-8051
PANTECH PROLABS INDIA PVT.LTD
Procedure:
1. Connect the two microcontroller kit using RS232 cable
2. Enter the transmitter program in 1ST microcontroller kit & receiver program in 2nd
microcontroller kit.
3. First run the receiver program in kit2 and then run the transmitter program in kit1.
4. After executing the transmitter program, reset the kit and go to location 8700h
5. The transferred data’s “yes” (ASCII) value are stored from 8400h onwards in the kit2.
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PS – 8051 USER MANUAL
PS-8051