Question of Module-1

1. Which of the following types of magnetic field exhibits no external flux leakage in the absence
of discontinuities?

Vectored

Longitudinal

Circular

All of the above exhibit external flux leakage

2. Which of the following materials will have a permeability slightly greater than that of free
space?

Iron

Aluminum

Copper

Gadolinium
3. What is the value given in SI unites for the permeability of free space?

0.72 Tesla

5 Gausses

4 x 10-7 Henries/M
4. When a ferromagnetic material becomes magnetized under the influence of an increasing
stronger magnetizing force, which of the following occurs?

Domains become larger and fewer in number

Domains become smaller and fewer in number

Domains become smaller and greater in number

Domains become larger and greater in number

5. Which of the following would constitute a low reluctance preferential path?

Non metallic inclusion

Ferromagnetic particle

Copper

Air
6. When carrying out magnetic particle inspection, flux density is generated into the ferromagnetic
material being inspected. One unit of flux density is the gauss. How many Webbers per square
meter equal one gauss?

0.72

10-4

2 x 10-6

0.00072
7. The right hand rule shows which of the following relationships?

Electron flow from negative to positive with a magnetic field parallel to the current flow

Current flow from negative to positive with a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow
 Electron flow from positive to negative with a magnetic field parrallel to the current flow

Current flow from positive to negative with a magnetic field peroendicular to the current flow
8. A ferromagnetic material with a steep initial curve will have which of the following properties?

Low permeability

Low coercively

High reluctance

the material will have all of the above properties

9. When magnetizing with alternating current, a lagging effect occurs where by the magnetic flux
density within the material lags behind the applied magnetizing force. What is this phenomena
called?

Retentivity

Reluctance

Hysteretic

Permeability
10. Direct induction will always generate which of the following types of magnetic field?

Circular

Longitudinal

Vectored

All the above could be generated

11. The Curie point is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material will become
paramagnetic and as such loose its high susceptibility to magnetization. What is the curie point
temperature for cobalt?

770 Degrees Fahrenheit

1130 Degrees Fahrenheit

770 Degrees Celsius

1130 Degrees Celsius

12. The magnetic flux lines which flow through a bar magnet form closed loops but can be broken
by which of the following?

A change in permeability

A non metallic inclusion

A crack

None of the above will cause a break in a flux line

13. The earth itself has a magnetic effect which can affect ferromagnetic materials. Which of the
following best describes this magnetic effect?

Mono-Polar

Bi-Polar

Multi-Polar

Circular Magnetic Fields

14. A fault in magnetized material will best be detected when it lies in which of the following
directions?

Parallel to the magnetic field

Perpendicular to the magnetic field

 Parallel to the magnetizing current

Perpendicular to the magnetizing force

Both parallel to the magnetic field and perpendicular to the the magnetizing force

Both perpendicular to the magnetic field and parallel to the magnetizing current
15. A change in which property of between the material being inspected and the discontinuity to
be detected generates flux leakage?

Conductivity

Permeability

Oxidization

Hysteretic
16. Which of the following materials would be considered to be have a permeability much greater
than that of air?

Aluminum

Bismuth

Zinc

Gadolinium

none of the above have a permeability much greater than air

17. Which of the following flux leakage curvatures will have the greatest attraction for magnetic
particles?

Low Curvature

No Curvature

highly curved

Curvature has no effect on magnetic particle attraction

18. A discontinuity which generates flux leakage on the surface of a ferromagnetic material will
have a high factor for which of the following properties?

Permeability

Reluctance

Retentivity

Both reluctance and retentivity

19. Which of the following describes a Hall Effect Element Sensor?

Two coils placed mutually perpendicular

A P-N junction within a semi-conductor

Current carrying semi-conductor crystals

Coils wound around cylindrical ferrite

20. Which of the following materials will have the largest relative permeability value?

0.9% Carbon
Nickel (99% annealed)
Cobalt (99% annealed)
Alumini
Question of Module-2

1. Which of the following is an advantage of three phase electricity over single phase electricity?

More particle mobility especially when using dry powder

Better detection of surface breaking faults due to skin effect

Less current input per phase

All of the above are advantages

2. When using field flow magnetization (solenoid heads) a reference standard whould be used
with a known artificial discontinuity located where on the standard?

At the centre of the cross section

At a position one third along itself

In the centre of the materials length

None of the above should be used to evaluate field flow magnetization

3. For what reasons are laminated iron cores used for the production of AC electromagnetic
yokes?

They are easier to encapsulate in plastic

Better efficiency in the generation of magnetic fields

Solid iron would be too heavy

Solid iron would not give the skin effect

4. When using a threading bar (central conductor) to test a hollow tube, it needs to be placed
where in relation to the tubes inner diameter for optimum inspection to be carried out?

In the centre of the tube

Adjacent to the inner circumference of the tube

Adjacent to the outer circumference of the tube

The conductor can be placed in any of the above positions

5. The output of power packs needed to magnetize forgings and castings too large to place in
stationary units is in the range?

6 - 20 MA

0.25 - 3 KA

6 - 20 KA

0.25 - 3 MA
6. When direct current is passed through a central conductor inserted through a hollow tubes at
what point is the magnetic field intensity essentially zero?

At the inner circumference of the tube

At the exact centre of the threading bar

On the surface of teh tube

Both at the inner circumference of the tube and at the exact centre of the threading bar
7. Under optimum conditions with dry powder for substances flaw detection, which of the
following waveforms would best be used?

Direct current

Three phase rectified alternating current - full wave

 Alternating current

Single phase rectified alternating current - half wave

8. Under optimum conditions magnetic particles used with the wet method are made from iron
oxide rather than higher permeability iron. What are the reasons for this choice?

Iron oxide is more dense than iron

Iron oxide is less dense than iron

Iron oxide falls out of suspension quicker than iron

Iron falls out of suspension quicker than iron oxide

Both Iron oxide is less dense than iron and Iron falls out of suspension quicker than iron
oxide
9. The following is a standard definition, 'A small portable device containing artificial
discontinuities used to determine when the correct magnetizing conditions have been achieved.'
Which of the following is correct?

Flux meter

Flux indicator

Gauss meter

Image quality indicator

10. Which of the following techniques would best be used to detect circumferential faults in rings
without damaging the parts surface in one shot?

Direct induction between contract heads across diameter of ring

A threading bar

Induced current generating a toroidal magnetic field

Magnetic flow across the diameter of ring

11. Using 10 amps per mm diameter how much current is to be used to magnetize a bar 25 x 20
mm x 2 meters long on a bench unit using current flow?

286 amps

320 amps

160 amps

143 amps
12. Magnetic particles form indications around flux leakages due to which of the following?

Magnetism follows the path of most resistance

Iron particles are good conductors of electricity

Air has a higher reluctance than iron or iron oxide

All of the above are true

13. Which of the following materials could be inspected using the residual technique due to the
materials high retentivity?

Low carbon steel

Heat treated high carbon steel

Austenitic stainless steel

Ferritic stainless steel

14. With prods using half wave direct current, the magnetic field within the material is dependent
on which of the following factors?
 Amount of current used

The permeability of the inspected material

The distance between prod tips when positioned on the chromed hard facing

Both the amount of current used and the permeability of the inspected material

All of the above

15. Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used when a permanent record of the
inside of a threaded bolt hole is required?

Strippable lacquer

Photography

Magnetic Rubber

Any of the above may be used

16. If two magnetic fields of equal intensity are induced into a ferromagnetic material at 90
degrees to each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which of the following faults
could be detected?

Faults only at 45 degrees

Longitudinal faults only

Transverse faults only

Faults lying in a position 45 degrees in either direction from a direction at 45 degrees from
the longitudinal direction
17. Why would a photometer be used when carrying out fluorescent magnetic particle inspection?

To measure the black light given off from a UV-A lamp

To measure radiation between 320 nM - 400 nM

To measure radiation between 400 nM - 700 nM

None of the above

18. Photopic vision refers to vision used when carrying out which type of inspection?

Non fluorescent inspection

Fluorescent inspection

Dry powder inspection

All of the above

Both Fluorescent inspection and dry powder inspection

19. If the levels of electric current used to magnetize ferromagnetic material are greatly
exceeded, what phenomena can occur when magnetic particles are applied?

The particles are forced off the parts surface due to vibrational impingement

The particles are forced together around faults showing an indication much larger than the
fault below

The particles are held over the entire surface giving an overall background which may be
confusing

The part will very quickly melt

20. Which of the following would be used to render water a suitable carrier fluid for use in the wet
magnetic particle technique?

De-wetting agent

Rust inhibitor
 Foaming agent

All of the above could be used

Question of Module-3

1. Why do prod tips need to be kept clean and free from contaminants?

The contamination reduces the resistance so increasing current flow

Clean prod tips have less chance of arcing

Clean prods conduct current through scale much better

The increase in resistance with dirty prods reduces the current output

Both clean prod tips have less chance of arcing and the increase in resistance with dirty
prods reduces the current output
2. For one person to use prods unaided which of the following would be the most suitable
approach?

Hold both prods in one hand with the detaching medium in the other

Use the residual technique as the detecting medium can be applied after the magnetizing
force

Use a magnetic leech attachment to one prod with the other in one hand and the detecting
medium in the other

Prods should not be used by one person due to safety precautions

3. Subjecting a ferromagnetic material to a magnetizing force which reserves in a polarity whilst at
the same time remains the same strength, has what effect?

Demagnetization

Magnetization

none of the above

either demagnetization or magnetization

4. For the highest possible sensitivity when using the continuous method which of the following
application techniques should be used?

Apply current whilst applying wet magnetic ink by spray

Apply current whilst part is immersed in wet ink followed by removal whilst current still flows

Apply current whilst part is immersed in wet ink. Stop flow of current whilst removing

All the above give the same sensitivity

5. Which of the following processes could have the effect of reducing the gradient of the B/H
curve for a particular ferromagnetic material?

Cold rolling

Subjecting the material to stress

Annealing

Work hardening
6. An arrangement consisting of 2 C-shaped yokes connected together at right angles will give
rise to which of the following when testing a weldment?
 A circular magnetic field

A longitudinal magnetic field to detect longitudinal faults

A vectored field to detect longitudinal faults only

A vectored field which will detect both transverse and longitudinal faults
7. Which type of surface condition would be most conducive to inspection using multi direction
magnetization by switching from one field to another at 90 degrees to the first?

Rough as cast

brightly machined

Electro polished

Surface finish has no influence on particle build up using multi-directional magnetization

8. Why is demagnetization carried out prior to magnetic particle inspection in areas such as the
aerospace industry?

There is the possibility of a pre-existing field which will cause an actual magnetic field within
the tested material in an unfavorable direction

The pre-existing field may nullify the applied field

Demagnetization is not carried out prior to inspection

There is the possibility of a pre-existing field which will cause an actual magnetic field within
the tested material in an unfavorable direction and the pre-existing field may nullify the applied
field
9. When using a central conductor to magnetize a ferromagnetic tube magnetic field strength is
greatest at what point within the system?

Outside surface of threading bar

Outside surface of tube

Inside surface of tube

At none of the above positions

10. What is the difficulty when inspecting complex parts with differing cross-sections?

Under magnetization of large sections

Over magnetization of small sections masking certain areas

Demagnetization prior to inspection

Both under magnetization of large sections and over magnetization of small sections
masking certain areas could be correct
11. When photographing magnetic particle indications, highest definition is obtained when which
of the following films are used?

Slow film - coarse grain

slow film - fine grain

Fast film - coarse grain

Fast film - fine grain

12. Which of the following carrier fluids used with wet magnetic inks will have the smallest change
in viscosity between the temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius?

Water

Oil
 Kerosene

All will react in the same way to changes in temperature

13. Permanente magnets can be made out of which of the following materials?

Aluminum, Cobalt, and Nickel

Molybdenum and Aluminum

Copper, Nickel and Iron

Copper and Aluminum

Both Aluminum, Cobalt and Nickel, and Copper, Nickel and Iron

Both Molybdenum and Aluminum, and Copper and Aluminum

14. When attempting to demagnetize with an electromagnetic yoke, which of the following
combinations will be most effective?

Use a DC yoke and withdraw whilst switched off

Use an AC yoke and withdraw whilst energized

Use a DC yoke and withdraw whilst energized

Use an AC yoke and withdraw whilst switched off

Use a single pole AC electromagnet and withdraw whilst energized

15. As the magnetizing force acting upon a ferromagnetic part increases what will be the effect on
the detection of faults parallel to the magnetic field?

Substantial increase in the possibility of detection even up to saturation

Substantial increase in the possibility of detection up to approximately two thirds saturation

No increase in the possibility of detection even up to saturation

None of the above are correct

16. Which of the following magnetic fields will have the most effect on other material and
equipment affected by external flux leakage and as such will more than likely require
demagnetization?

Longential

Circular

Circumferential

Longitudinal
17. When using an encircling coil to longitudinally magnetize a length of bar material, which of the
following factors are important when calculating the amount of current to satisfactorily magnetize
the bar?

Cross section of bar

Length of bar

Diameter of bar

All the above

only the length of bar and diameter of bar

18. Which of the following would not be a reason why demagnetization would be required after
magnetic particle inspection?

The part is to be further machined

The part is to be heat treated below the curie point

 The part is to be plated afterwards

The part is to be welded by automatic equipment afterwards

19. If a current of the same amperage is passed through two magnetic conductors, one of which
is twice the diameter of the other, which of the following statements is true?

The magnetic field strength on the surface of the smaller bar is weaker than on the surface of
the larger bar

The magnetic field strength on the surface of the larger bar is stronger than on the surface of
the smaller bar

The magnetic field strength at the centre of the small bar is stronger than at the centre of the
large bar

The magnetic field strength at the centre of the small bar is weaker than at the surface of the
large bar

The magnetic field strength on the surface of the smaller bar is stronger than on the surface
of the smaller bar
20. If an AC (RMS) type ammeter reads 700 amps, how much peak current is actually flowing?

700 amps
490 amps
1400 amps
987 amps

Question of Module-4

1. When carrying out magnetic particle inspection on plated parts that have been ground why
should some form of direct current be used?

To inspect the thickness of the non magnetic plating

To detect subsurface faults within the body of the plated material

To detect grinding cracks in the parent material below the plating

To detect cracks on the plated surface

2. Non-relevant indications which may occur when inspecting ferromagnetic parts which have
been stressed beyond the yield point may be due to the presence of?

Bend cracks

Luder lines

Work hardening

Non metallic inclusions

3. Magnetic writing indications produced where an electromagnetic yoke leg has been placed can
give indications on further processing called?

False

Non relevant true

relevant true

Both False and Non relevant true could be correct

4. Stress corrosion cracking which occurs predominantly in a direction perpendicular to the tensile
stress whilst also in a corrosive atmosphere have which of the following characteristics?

Tran granular

Intergranular

Ductile fracture

Either Tran granular or intergranular

5. As the depth of a detectable flaw increases below the surface the powder pattern will become
which of the following?

Clear and narrow

Diffuse and wider

clear and wider

Diffuse and narrow

6. In an attempt to depth a crack found with magnetic particle inspection which other method of
NDT could be used?