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This is a very simple design for a phantom supply. This design will work with
microphones that have no problem with the phantom supply being only 15V. It also has
to be noted that, at high SPL, distortion can become intolerable (totally depending on
microphone design). In that case, the phantom supply voltage has to be increased.
The official Phantom supply is as follows: 48V, fed through 2 resistors, each 6k81 in
value. They have to be matched within 0.4%. Generally we use 0.1% resistors (or select
a few resistors from a 1% tolerance batch using a DVM).
Now since the question was for a simple phantom supply, fed by batteries, the choice
was made to use 2 9V batteries (since a lot of microphones can be run from phantom
voltages as low as 10V). Another option would have been to use an array of batteries
until the 48V criterion is met. This however means a bank of 5 batteries. A final option
would have been to use a step-up converter. This however would result in a schematic
which is FAR from simple.
The batteries (2 x 9V, B1 and B2) supply the device with the needed voltage. The switch
allows the user to turn the phantom supply on and off (to safe battery life). If this is not
needed, the switch can simply be omitted. The 100 Ohm resistor (R1) is used to reduce
the turn-on current. C1 and C2 make sure the noisy behavior of the batteries is reduced.
C1 is a 100nF (or close) film capacitor, C2 is an electrolyte (20V rating at least, be
aware of the polarity!). Absolute values are non critical. R2 and R3 couple the phantom
voltage to both the positive and negative leg of the balanced connection. R2 and R3 are
the only critical devices in the schematic and need to be matched within 0.4% as to not
reduce the CMRR of the balanced connection too much.
Some notes about R2 and R3. Due to the low source voltage of the phantom supply, we
can not use the official 6k81 value resistors. The values used in this schematic will
reduce the input impedance of the average microphone input to some 1-2kOhm total.
This still is more than enough for most microphones though it might be something one
should check prior to using it. IF the impedance needs to be higher, R2 and R3 can be
increased in size with the side note that this will reduce the available phantom voltage to
the device. Short circuit current is 18/2k4=7.5mA per leg; pretty close to an official
phantom supply.
Other side notes: This phantom supply works on microphone pre-amps that are AC
coupled. If the microphone pre-amp has DC coupling, a few stopper capacitors ARE
required. To measure whether the microphone pre-amp is DC coupled, measure the
input of the pre-amp (with nothing attached to it) with a DVM between Pin-2 and Pin-3.
If the measured resistance is below 10kOhm, it's quite probably DC coupled. Otherwise
it's quite probably AC coupled. Most mic pre-amps are AC coupled. Safest way to find
out is to look at the schematic (if available) or look at the pre-amp circuit board.
C3 and C4 effectively block the DC voltage from reaching the input of the pre-amp. Use
electrolyte capacitors here with a voltage rating of at least 20V. Assuming an overall
input impedance of 2k (1k per branch), the capacitors will also act as a high pass filter
(1st order) with a corner at 16Hz. This is low enough. If you actually want a high pass
at 80Hz (as often used on stage), you can reduce the values of C3 and C4 to 0.22uF. In
that case you can also chose not to use electrolytes but use film capacitors instead. R4
and R5 are placed to correct for the parallel resistance every electrolyte has. If R4 and
R5 weren't used, the output (to mixer) could contain DC if nothing was attached to it. If
you then attach it to a mixer, you'll hear a very loud "pop". It is, of course, always
advisable to mute the channel when you connect or disconnect a device.
Finally, for the purists out there that don't mind putting in 5 batteries (getting close to
48V phantom voltage that way), here are the component values:
T-Power:
Another means of powering electret microphones is by means of "T-power".T-power
(short for Tonaderspeisung, also called AB or parallel power, and covered by DIN spec
45595) was developed for portable applications, and is still common in film sound
equipment. T-power is usually 12 volts, and the power is connected across the balanced
pair through 180 ohm resistors. Only T-power mics may be connected to T-power
inputs; dynamic or ribbon mics may be damaged and phantom powered mics will not
operate properly (from Rec.Audio.Pro recording FAQ).
A schematic for a T-power supply can be found below. This schematic can (probably
until proven otherwise ;-) be used to power microphones where it is important that the
supplied voltage is 12V. It's biggest downside is the low maximum current it can supply
(roughly 6mA before it's voltage starts to sag) and the fact that it consumes this current
even when there is no microphone attached.
I'll redesign the supply soon so it incorporates a low idle current voltage regulator. Still,
it should work pretty OK for at least several hours (>>10 hours).
The batteries (2 x 9V, B1 and B2) supply the device with the needed voltage. The switch
allows the user to turn the phantom supply on and off (to safe battery life). The 1kOhm
resistor (R1) is used to reduce the current through the 12V zener diode to a maximum of
6mA. This also is the maximum supply current before the output voltage begins to sag.
If this current is not sufficient, R1 can be reduced in value to a maximum of roughly
220 Ohm (thus the device is able able to supply 27mA BUT will also do that at idle
(consuming 0.5W total in that case, meaning battery life will be reduced AND zener
power handling needs to be at least said 0.5W)). C1 and C2 make sure the noisy
behavior of the batteries is reduced. C1 is a 100nF (or close) film capacitor, C2 is an
electrolyte (20V rating at least, be aware of the polarity!). Absolute values are non
critical. R2 and R3 couple the phantom voltage to both the positive and negative leg of
the balanced connection. It's probably advisable to use 1% resistors here though their
absolute matching is not nearly as important as with the earlier mentioned phantom
supply.
C3 and C4 effectively block the DC voltage from reaching the input of the pre-amp. Use
electrolyte capacitors here with a voltage rating of at least 16V. Assuming an overall
input impedance of 2k (1k per branch), the capacitors will also act as a high pass filter
(1st order) with a corner at 16Hz. This is low enough. If you actually want a high pass
at 80Hz (as often used on stage), you can reduce the values of C3 and C4 to 0.22uF. In
that case you can also chose not to use electrolytes but use film capacitors instead. R4
and R5 are placed to correct for the parallel resistance every electrolyte has. If R4 and
R5 weren't used, the output (to mixer) could contain DC if nothing was attached to it. If
you then attach it to a mixer, you'll hear a very loud "pop". It is, of course, always
advisable to mute the channel when you connect or disconnect a device.
If the microphone can also be run from a 9V supply, a simpler schematic (and also less
power consuming) can be used. The only difference is the absence of the zener diode,
the reduction in the amount of batteries and the reduction in size of R1 (since it now
only needs to reduce the turn-on current and provide filtering for the noisy battery (in
conjunction with C1 and C2)).
Side remark: The above might contain an error here and there (and usage is fully at
your own risk). If anyone sees such an error, please let me know .
*****************************
Fantasma de alimentação
Este é um projeto muito simples para uma alimentação fantasma. Este projeto irá
trabalhar com microfones que não têm nenhum problema com a alimentação fantasma
sendo apenas 15V. É também de notar que, em alto SPL, a distorção pode se tornar
intolerável (totalmente, dependendo do projeto do microfone). Nesse caso, a tensão de
alimentação fantasma tem de ser aumentada.
Agora, já que a pergunta era para uma alimentação fantasma simples, alimentado por
baterias, a escolha foi feita para usar 2 baterias 9V (já que um monte de microfones
podem ser executados a partir de tensões fantasmas tão baixas quanto 10V). Outra
opção seria a utilização de um conjunto de baterias de 48V até que o critério seja
cumprido. Este, porém, significa um banco de 5 baterias. Uma última opção seria usar
um conversor step-up. Este, porém, resultaria em um esquema que está longe de ser
simples.
B1, B2: baterias 9V (as que usamos em nossos microfones sem fio)
SW1: chave seletora ou quer que lhe apeteça
R1: 100 Ohm (0.25W não crítica)
R2, R3: 2,2 kOhm (1% ou melhor)
C1: 100nF (capacitor filme)
C2: 470uF (eletrolítico, 20V ou superior)
Algumas notas sobre R2 e R3. Devido à baixa tensão da fonte da alimentação fantasma,
não podemos usar os resistores oficiais valor 6k81. Os valores usados neste esquema irá
reduzir a impedância de entrada da entrada do microfone para alguns média total de 1-
2KOHM. Isto ainda é mais do que suficiente para a maioria dos microfones embora
possa ser algo que se deve verificar antes de usá-lo. Se a impedância tem de ser maior,
R2 e R3 pode ser aumentada em tamanho com a observação de que este vai reduzir a
tensão fantasma disponível para o dispositivo. Corrente de curto-circuito é 18/2k4 =
7.5mA por perna; muito perto de uma fonte oficial fantasma.
T-Power:
Outra forma de ligar microfones de eletreto é por meio de "T-poder." T-poder
(abreviação de Tonaderspeisung, também chamado de AB ou poder paralelo, e coberto
por DIN especificação 45595) foi desenvolvido para aplicações portáteis, e ainda é
comum no cinema equipamento de som. T-energia é geralmente de 12 volts, eo poder
está ligado através do par equilibrado de 180 resistores ohm. Somente microfones T-
alimentação podem ser ligados às entradas T-potência; microfones dinâmicos ou fita
pode ser danificado e phantom mics não funciona correctamente (de Rec.Audio.Pro
FAQ de gravação).
Um esquema para uma T-fonte de alimentação pode ser encontrada abaixo. Este
esquema pode (provavelmente até prova em contrário ;-) ser usado para microfones de
energia, onde é importante que a tensão fornecida é de 12V. É maior desvantagem é a
baixa corrente máxima que pode fornecer (cerca de 6 mA antes da tensão começa a
ceder) eo fato de que ele consome essa corrente, mesmo quando não há nenhum
microfone ligado.
Vou reformular a oferta logo que ele incorpora um regulador de tensão de corrente
inativa baixo. Ainda assim, ele deve funcionar muito bem para pelo menos várias horas
(10 horas) >>.
Se o microfone também pode ser executado a partir de uma fonte de 9V, um esquema (e
também menos energia que consome) mais simples podem ser usados. A única
diferença é a ausência de um díodo de Zener, a redução na quantidade de baterias e a
redução do tamanho de R1 (uma vez que já só tem de reduzir a sua vez de abertura de
corrente e fornecer a filtragem para a bateria ruidoso (em conjunto com o C1 e C2)).
Observação lateral: O texto acima pode conter um erro aqui e ali (e uso é totalmente
por sua conta e risco). Se alguém vê como um erro, por favor me avise .