Addressing Homelessness, Opioids, and Resilience

Annotated Bibliography
Katie Angerhofer
HLTH 439

Bibliography:
1) Karren, K. J. (2014). ​Mind/body health: The effects of attitudes, emotions and,
relationships​. Boston: Pearson.
This entire book goes into a variety of ways individuals can improve their mental and physical
health. Resilience is a recurring principle in this text and is described in various situations as the
ability to overcome a difficult setback or change. This book talks about individual resilience and
how important physical health plays in the bodies ability to come back after a loss of a loved
one, diagnosis of cancer, or other shocking event.

This source is important to understand how important resilience is on an individual level. This is
a great resource for building individual resilience, there are great suggestions listed throughout.

2) Satterwhite, A. Luchner, A. (2016). ​Exploring the relationship among perceived

resilience, dependency, and self-criticism: the role of culture and social support​. North
American Journal of Psychology, vol. 18, no. 1, 2016, p. 71. Health Reference Center
Academic. Retrieved from.
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A44536772​5/HRCA?u=byuprovo&sid=HRCA&xid=
33b94031
This journal goes in depth on how social support, culture, and personality relate to personal
perception of resilience. This journal gives reasoning for the increasing need to perceive and
cultivate resilience because of increasing traumas and stressors on society. It discusses how
relating with others and having strong emotional connections with others changes how
challenges are dealt with. It discusses many different ways that people explain problems to
themselves and how they become resilient through experience.

This is an impressive and important article that looks at differences in individuals and how
people can still come to be resilient even through their differences. It enhances my understanding
of the strength that difference brings to learned resilience.

3) Community Resilience. (2015). Public Health Emergency. Retrieved from

https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/abc/Pages/community-resilience.aspx
 This web source, Public Health Emergency, is a great source for individuals to gain a base
understanding of what community resilience looks like and how it can be achieved through
community preparedness. The importance of individual and community health is emphasized as
it talks about health being the beginning of preparation. Before resources and emergency
techniques can be effective individuals must see health as a priority, this priority setting is what
gives communities strength to continue forward after disaster.
This source is important to the issue of resilience as it has given an understanding of what
resilience looks like among communities and families. It is important to learn how resilience can
be learned in among various populations.

4) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Preparedness and Response. (2014). National Biodefense Science Board Community
Health Resilience Report. Retrieved from.
https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/legal/boards/nbsb/meetings/Documents/nbsb-chrrepor
t.pdf
This ​ report goes into depth about the responsibility that government, communities, and
individuals have in order to build community resilience. It recognizes that health is the core of
learned resiliency. Government authorities have responsibility to create fair policies and action
plans in dealing with tragedy and widespread destruction. This report discusses a national
outreach campaign on various media outlets to discuss how communities can collaborate and
build stronger protections.

This report is an important source to see national efforts of building and understanding
resilience. It is very important to know that community and national leaders are invested in the
health and resilience of society.

5) Daiski, I., Lenz, T., & Lyn, A. (2015). Women Living with Homelessness: They Are
(Almost) Invisible. Womens Mental Health, 263-276.
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17326-9_18
This article is focused on a woman's perspective living homeless. Many women living absolute
homeless (with no means of housing) or living at risk of homeless have feelings of being
invisible and not seen by anyone. Women living homeless are also at higher risk of violence and
experience more violent acts than their male counterparts. This article detailed how for one
woman drugs and alcohol made living bearable.

This article has given perspective on women's unique challenges living homeless, it is important
to widen our perspective on everyone experiencing homelessness as experiences between males
and females do differ somewhat. Although, differences exist there are also
 6) Mccabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., Boyd, C. J., Knight, J. R., & Wechsler, H. (2005).
Nonmedical use of prescription opioids among U.S. college students: Prevalence and
correlates from a national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 30(4), 789-805. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460304003028
This journal article studies college aged students and the likelihood of using opioids. The study
found white males living in fraternity and sorority houses, earning low grade point averages, and
attending competitive colleges have the highest rates of opioid and other substance use along
with other risky behaviors. Many college students report nonmedical use of opioids as many as 1
in 10 Americans aged 18-25 report using in the last year. The problem is the nonmedical use that
leads to dependence and addiction.

Understanding where opioids and other drugs are being misused and by what population are
incredibly important in creating prevention and treatment. It is also helpful and important to
know demographic trends of college aged individuals misusing substances, especially opioids, as
our project is largely populated by college aged students.

7) Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., O’Grady, K. E., & Wish, E. D. (2008).
Perceived Harmfulness Predicts Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs Among College
Students: Interactions with Sensation-Seeking. Prevention Science, 9(3), 191-201.
Retrieved from ​https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574828/​.
This article takes a look at nonmedical use of prescribed medications among college students.
Use of prescribed medications poses a perceived risk that is different from that of illicit
substances. Many college students do not perceived the risk of taking medications prescribed by
medical professionals as being risky. Even if students are taking pills non medically and the pills
were supplied by any means other than a personal prescription, the perceived risk is much lower
than illegal substances were being used.

It is vitally important to understand the growing trend in substance, especially opioid, abuse as
this is strongly tied to homelessness and mental health. Knowing the perceived risk that is held
for different drugs helps in creating greater educational resources about non medical opioid use.

8) National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Opioids. Retrieved October 8, 2018, from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids
The National Institute on Drug Abuse gives simple explanations of what opioids are and how
they are commonly misused. Opioids give pleasurable feelings of relaxation and a temporary
“high” which is a major reason they are commonly misused. Opioids are becoming more and
more of a problem because of their high addictable properties and easy access through
prescriptions. Often an addiction to pain medications leads to other opioids such as heroin and
alters the course of someone's life quite drastically.
 As opioid misuse is playing more and more of a role among homeless populations and
addictions, understanding the what opioids are and how they lead to addiction so often is
important.

9) SAMHSA. (2014). Homelessness and Housing. Retrieved from

https://www.samhsa.gov/homelessness-housing
This source explains the pathways that lead to homelessness and it subsequent issues. Homeless
populations are often plagued with mental illness and substance abuse. Because of the harsh
circumstances of homelessness health often deteriorates and it becomes harder for care to be
received. As many as 1 in 5 homeless persons experience mental illness(es) and a similar
percentage suffer from a substance use disorder.

Acknowledging that being homeless entails more than not having constant sufficient shelter is
an important first step in understanding problems of homelessness. It has become important in
creating a plan to address homelessness in Provo’s communities to learn about the different
pathways that lead to homelessness and the connection that substance abuse and mental health
have.
10) McKellar, K. (2018). Deseret News. 'You're doing the right thing': Addiction experts
applaud Utah for homeless reform. Retrieved from
https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900007397/youre-doing-the-right-thing-addiction-
experts-applaud-utah-for-homeless-reform.html
This news article looks at Operation Rio Grande in Utah, an operations aimed to decrease
homelessness in Salt Lake City’s streets. After only 5 months into operation the project was
praised by national leaders, on addiction and homelessness, on the strides being made in
reducing homelessness. However, cities and suburbs surrounding Salt Lake City have reported
an increase in homelessness since the implementation of Operation Rio Grande.

This article has relevant information specific to Utah’s efforts to reduce homelessness.
Understanding efforts being made in Utah is very important in creating plans that do not
overlap or have already proven ineffective.

11) Comprehensive report on homelessness, State of Utah 2017. (2017). Salt Lake City,
UT: Utah Division of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved from
https://jobs.utah.gov/housing/scso/documents/homelessness2017.pdf​.
This comprehensive report breaks down the homeless populations in Utah by different
demographic identifiers and the risks they uniquely face living homeless. There are many faces
of homelessness, anyone from children to seniors can be found living without sufficient
resources. This report includes information on resources available to homeless persons living in
Utah and how volunteers can get involved. This report also explains how Utah is one of the first
states to do a housing first approach to reduce homelessness.

Knowing the data on homeless rates and demographics is incredibly helpful and relevant in
creating a plan for neighborhoods in Provo.

12) National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. (2015). Homelessness in America:
Overview of Data and Causes. Retrieved from
https://www.nlchp.org/documents/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet.
This report gives data on homelessness in America. Veterans make up over 10% of the adult
homeless population and many are disabled. Lack of affordable housing is one of the leading
causes of homelessness. Loss of a job and debt from unpaid bills often lead to foreclosures on
homes forcing families to live homeless. Victims of violence and abuse and those with mental
illnesses or substance abuse disorders are also victims of homelessness.

This information is relevant to identify what some of the root causes of homelessness are
among people. Knowing the root causes allows us to not just address the “symptoms” of being
homeless but to address the main issues and end the cycle.

13) Perron, J. L., Cleverley, K., & Kidd, S. A. (2014). Resilience, Loneliness, and
Psychological Distress Among Homeless Youth. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing,
28(4), 226-229. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2014.05.004
Youth who are living homeless are often victims of neglect or abuse from parents or guardians.
Youth who live on the streets and with different friends report lower resilience when faced with
physiological distress in their lives. The greater distress the minor deals with the less resiliently
they deal with difficulties. Loneliness also plays a vital role in how well a child or adolescent
responds and copes with homeless conditions.

Children and youth are impressionable and it is important to build resilience while young. It is
relevant to know the difference in youth built resilience and adult resilience as this encourages
a more specific needs assessment.
14) Bower, B. (2014). The addiction paradox: Drug dependence has two faces - As a
chronic disease and a temporary failure to cope. Science News, 185(6), 16-20.
doi:10.1002/scin.5591850615
This article offers a unique perspective on the damage that addiction can do in building
resilience. Many who are addicted and seek treatment relapse at least one time in the four years
following treatment. Yet there are some who get hard into drugs that are able to clean
themselves up and quit on their own. But the power of the drug was reported by some users to
overwhelm their ability to cope or be resilient and they caved into using the drug, admittedly
that is the nature of addition.

To create any program to encourage better health it is so important that the population is
understood. This journal is very useful and relevant in shedding some light on someone
experiencing addiction and how it affected their ability to be resilient.
15) Briggs, M. A. (2013). Providing Care for Children and Adolescents Facing
Homelessness and Housing Insecurity. Pediatrics, 131(6), 1206-1210.
doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0645.
Children and youth who grow up homeless or near homeless for most of their lives are more
prone to diseases and illness later in life. The early years in life are the most important in
helping a child build immunity and resilience. Communities need to do more to provide
resources for children experiencing homelessness. Education is one of the most important
things that children attain to ensure their future is maintainable.

Focusing on the vulnerable populations among an already vulnerable population is very

important. This article is very relevant to understand the needs of homeless children and the
importance of providing resources for their future.