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Exercising The

Research Process
 Customer Satisfaction  Customer Perception (Telecom
 Social Media Marketing Industry)

 Customer Relationship  Consumer Buying Behavior


Management Towards Branded Products

 Brand Loyalty  Consumer Perception Towards


Online Grocery Stores
 Entrepreneurship Ability
 Purchase Intension
 Innovation Environment
 Employee Engagement
 Risk Taking Behavior of Firms
 Whistleblowing
 Corporate Governance
 Bullying
 Corporate Social Responsibility
 Work Life Balance
 Innovation Ecosystem
 Customer Perception (Telecom Industry)
 Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Branded
Products
 Consumer Perception Towards Online
Grocery Stores
 Purchase Intension
 Employee Engagement
 Whistleblowing
 Bullying
 Work Life Balance
Activity

 Pick one variable from the given topics and think for
another

 Write “5” queries/statements to be explored


At a Glance

 Problem Definition
 Variables
 Theoretical Framework
 Hypothesis
 Literature Review
Measurement

 First, variables are defined by conceptual definitions


(constructs) that explain the concept the variable is
attempting to capture.

 Second, variables are defined by operational


definitions; that is, definitions of how variables will be
measured.
Measurement of Variables

 Demographic Characteristics
 How long have you been working in this organization?
 How long have you been working on this particular assignment?
 What is your job title?
 What is your marital status
 Physiological Characteristics
 Height – Weight – Blood Pressure etc
 Perception? Attitude? Behavior?
 Motivation – Satisfaction – Intention
Demographic Data

 In organizational surveys, it is advisable to gather


certain demographic data such as age, sex,
educational level, job level, department, and number
of years in the organization, even if the theoretical
framework does not necessitate or include these
variables.
Example: “STUDY EFFORT”

 The variable “study effort” may be defined


conceptually as the amount of effort required to master
a body of material, including reading, looking up
definitions, note-taking, drill, self-quizzing, and so forth.
Motivation
Dimensions / Parameters

 1. They would be driven by work; that is, they would be working almost round the clock in order
to derive the satisfaction of having ―achieved and accomplished.‖
 2. Many of them would generally be in no mood to relax and direct their attention to other than
work-related activity.
 3. Because they want always to be achieving and accomplishing, they would prefer to work on
their own rather than with others.
 4. With mind and heart set on accomplishment and achievement, they would rather engage in
challenging jobs rather than easy, hum-drum ones. However, they would not want to take on
excessively challenging jobs because the expectation and probability of accomplishment and
achievement in such jobs would not be very high.
 5. They would be yearning to know how they are progressing in their jobs as they go along. That
is, they would like to get frequent feedback in direct and subtle ways from their superiors,
colleagues, and on occasions even their sub- ordinates, to know how they are progressing.
Dimension 1: Driven by Work

 Be at work all the time

 Be reluctant to take time off from work

 Persevere even in the face of some setbacks.


Dimension 2: Unwillingness to Relax

 How often do you think about work while you are away from the

workplace?

 What are your hobbies?

 How do you spend your time when you are away from the

workplace?
1. To what extent would you say you push yourself to get the job done on time?

2. How difficult do you find it to continue to do your work in the face of initial failures
or discouraging results?

3. How often do you neglect personal matters because you are preoccupied with
your job?

4. How frequently do you think of your work when you are at home?

5. To what extent do you engage yourself in hobbies?

6. How disappointed would you feel if you did not reach the goals you had set for
yourself?

7. How much do you concentrate on achieving your goals?

8. How annoyed do you get when you make mistakes?


9. To what extent would you prefer to work with a friendly but incompetent colleague,
rather than a difficult but competent one?

10. To what extent would you prefer to work by yourself rather than with others?

11. To what extent would you prefer a job that is difficult but challenging, to one that is
easy and routine?

12. To what extent would you prefer to take on extremely difficult assignments rather than
moderately challenging ones?

13. During the past 3 months, how often have you sought feedback from your superiors on
how well you are performing your job?

14. How often have you tried to obtain feedback on your performance from your co-
workers during the past 3 months?

15. How often during the past 3 months have you checked with your subordinates that
what you are doing is not getting in the way of their efficient performance?

16. To what extent would it frustrate you if people did not give you feedback on how you
are progressing?
NOMINAL
Measurement ORDINAL
Scales INTERVAL
RATIO
Nominal Scale

 Nominal level measurement uses symbols to classify


observations into mutually exclusive and exhaustive
categories.
 Gender
 Male - Female
 Nationality
 American Japanese Australian Polish Chinese Russian German
Swiss Indian Zambian
 Marital Status
Scales

Nominal Ordinal

 Gender  Ranking
 Male - Female  Primary
 Nationality  Secondary
 American Japanese Australian  Tertiary
Polish Chinese Russian German
Swiss Indian Zambian
Interval

 Extent or Degree
 Agree to Disagree
 Strongly Disagree to Agree
 Magnitude of difference unlike
0-1
Activity: Demographic Profile

 Student Survey

 Professional/Job Survey

 Brand Survey

 Product Survey
Examples

Nominal Ordinal
 1. Your gender  Apple
 Male  Hewlett-Packard
 Female  Compaq
 2. Your department  IBM
 Production  Dell
 Sales  Sony
 Accounting  Toshiba
 Finance Personnel R & D
 Other (specify)
Interval

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