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8. Two loudspeakers are placed on a 10. Two speakers are driven by the same
wall 2.00 m apart. A listener stands 3.00 m oscillator of frequency f. They are located a
from the wall directly in front of one of the distance d from each other on a vertical
speakers. A single oscillator is driving the pole. A man walks straight toward the
speakers at a frequency of 300 Hz. (a) What lower speaker in a direction perpendicular
is the phase difference between the two to the pole, as shown in Figure P18.9. (a)
waves when they reach the observer? (b) How many times will he hear a minimum
What If? What is the frequency closest to in sound intensity, and (b) how far is he
300 Hz to which the oscillator may be from the pole at these moments? Let v
adjusted such that the observer hears represent the speed of sound and assume
minimal sound? that the ground does not reflect sound.
9. Two speakers are driven by the same 11. Two sinusoidal waves in a string are
oscillator of frequency 200 Hz. They are defined by the functions
located on a vertical pole a distance of
4.00 m from each other. A man walks y1 = (2.00 cm) sin(20.0x – 32.0t)
straight toward the lower speaker in a and
direction perpendicular to the pole as y2 = (2.00 cm) sin(25.0x – 40.0t)
shown in Figure P18.9. (a) How many times
will he hear a minimum in sound intensity, where y and x are in centimeters and t is in
and (b) how far is he from the pole at these seconds. (a) What is the phase difference
moments? Take the speed of sound to be between these two waves at the point
330 m/s and ignore any sound reflections
coming off the ground.
x = 5.00 cm at t = 2.00 s? (b) What is the y = (1.50 m) sin(0.400x) cos(200t)
positive x value closest to the origin for
which the two phases differ by at where x is in meters and t is in seconds.
t = 2.00 s? (This is where the two waves add Determine the wavelength, frequency, and
to zero.) speed of the interfering waves.
12. Two identical speakers 10.0 m apart 14. Two waves in a long string are given
are driven by the same oscillator with a by
frequency of f = 21.5 Hz (Fig. P18.12). (a)
v 331 m / s 1
TC
273
at any Celsius temperature TC.