Running Head: INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN SHORT ESSAY

Instructional Design Short Essay

Nuong Nguyen

California State University, Monterey Bay

Cohort MIST XII

IST 522 Instructional Design

Dr. Jeanne Farrington

Fall 2017
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Teachers are responsible for facilitating learning through classroom instruction. In order

to do this, teachers need a systematic way to design instruction like ADDIE. ADDIE is an

instructional framework with five components: Analysis, Design, Development,

Implementation, and Evaluation. Each component is essential in the process of planning and

designing a lesson.

In the analysis phase, the teacher conducts a needs assessment to identify the problem

and analyze the learners (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). It is important to know the students’ age,

background, prior knowledge, interest, skill level, and motivation in order to teach effectively

and efficiently. As a first grade teacher, I know my students are around 6-7 years old. Most

students attended kindergarten and know their alphabet sounds and can identify numbers up to

ten. By learning more about my students, I can create good, clear objective and help engage

them during the lesson.

In the design phase, the teacher writes measurable objectives and specifies the learning

activities and media needed for the lesson (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). While designing my

lessons, I try to think of ways to incorporate technology into my lessons and make it interactive.

Students can annotate, click, drag, sort, and draw on the interactive board. In addition, I try to

use additional multimedia like video clips, interactive games, and live cam to enhance student

learning.

In the development phase, the teacher is putting into action and creating the necessary

materials needed for instruction. This phase is dependent on the previous stages. As a teacher,

this phase takes the longest, since I am preparing the multimedia and interactive lessons. The

lesson has to include all the essential component and be kept within the time limit.
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In the implementation phase, the teacher delivers the lesson. Afterwards, the teacher

needs to analyze the lesson and reteach the lesson if students are struggling to understand the

content. The ADDIE model is an “iterative process” and teachers are constantly modifying their

lessons to improve student learning (Piskurich, 2015).

The last phase of ADDIE is the evaluation. Teachers use formative and summative

assessments to assess student learning. Formative assessment is used during the learning

process. Teachers can use exit tickets at the end of a lesson and quizzes to assess students.

Summative assessments are utilized at the end of the unit to see if students met the goals and if

the instruction was effective (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012).

The ADDIE process allows teachers to plan for instruction in an orderly fashion.

Teachers analyze the learners and contexts and identify needs to help inform instruction. Each

phase helps the teacher to design instruction that meets the needs of the students. Through

formative and summative assessments teachers are able to revise their instruction as needed and

get the desired outcome.

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References

Piskurich, G. M. (2015). Rapid instructional design: Learning id fast and right (3rd ed.).

Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.) (2012). Trends and issues in instructional design and

technology (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.