Re of Concrete

Chapter - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1GENERAL
In situations like delivery of concrete from central mixing plant, in road construction, in
constructing of lengthy tunnels, in transportation of concrete by manual labor, in hilly terrain
long hauling of concrete is required. Loss of workability and undue stiffening of concrete may
take place at the time of placing on actual work site. In such situations engineers at site, many a
time reject the concrete partially set and unduly stiffened due to the time elapsed between mixing
and placing. Mixed concrete is a costly material and it cannot be wasted without any regard to
cost. it is required to see whether such a stiffened concrete could be used on work without undue
harm with use of retarding admixtures. The process of remixing of concrete, if necessary, with
addition of just the required quantity of water is known as retempering of concrete. Sometimes, a
small quantity of extra cement is also added while retempering.
In the site sometimes the concrete has to wait for some time to enter in the formwork after it is
mixed. This may be due to some break down in the conveyance or quarrel between the labors. In
such situations the concrete looses its plasticity. But since the quantity is enormous, such
concrete cannot be wasted. In such situations addition of small quantity of cement and water
along with retarding admixtures can bring back the plasticity to concrete. Thus retempering
becomes important in such odd situations.
In this project an attempt is made to study the strength characteristics of concrete containing
retarding admixtures at retempering time of 15min upto 90 min. The retarding admixture is
studied in this experiment is hydroxylated Carboxylite Acids.
The tests are conducted to evaluate the strength characteristics of concrete like compressive
strength, tensile strength, flexural strength for different retempering times.
One of the adverse effects of hot weather concreting is loss of slump. Delay in the delivery of
ready mixed concrete has the same result and leads many people in the concrete industry to
regain the original slump by adding water, a process known as ‘retempering’.
Ready-mixed concrete, which is mixed at the plant, using a normal, well-designed
concrete mix, should arrive at its destination with sufficient workability to enable it to be
properly placed and fully compacted. In such circumstances, where there is a significant period
of time between mixing and placing the concrete, there will be a noticeable reduction in the
workability of the fresh concrete. If for any reason, the placement of the concrete is unduly
delayed, then it may stiffen to an unacceptable degree and site staff would normally insist on the
rejection of a batch or otherwise good concrete on the grounds of insufficient workability. If not
rejected, excessive vibration would be needed to attempt to fully compact the concrete, with the
risk of incomplete compaction, expensive repair, or, at worst, removal of the hardened concrete.
If abnormal slump loss is anticipated or if transport times are significant, then the
intelligent use of admixtures can alleviate the potential workability difficulties, although at
additional cost, and this practice is common place. However, in cases where unforeseen delay or
some other cause has lead unexpectedly to poor workability, retempering of the concrete by
water, while normally considered to be bad practice, may, in reality, be contemplated as a
possible course of action. The increase in the water content of the concrete immediately prior to
discharge will improve the consistency, but it is widely held that there must be a subsequent
increase in the water cement (w/c) ratio which will be detrimental to the hardened concrete.
Adding water to a plastic mix to increase slump is an extremely common practice, even
though it is not recommended because it increases the porosity of concrete. Concrete often
arrives on site more than half an hour after initial mixing. Placement operations can take
anywhere from 10 to 60 minutes, depending on the field conditions and the size of the load.
When the slump decreases to an unacceptable level during the operations, water is added to the
mix and, very often, experienced field inspectors will tolerate what can be termed ‘reasonable’
retempering, i.e., enough to increase slump by 50 or 60 mm.
1.2 EFFECT OF PROLONGED MIXING ON CONCRETE

The time pass for mixing operation of concrete components is called mixing time. The
mixing time of concrete is limited with maximum and minimum value of time and revolution by
standards. Prolonged mixing can be generally seen on site operation due to long delivery
distances and delays. Depending on traffic and site condition.
According to ASTM standard minimum mixing time of mixture of concrete at an
amount of 0.75 m³ is 1 minute for every 0.75 m³ of concrete this time increases 15 second. The
most important results of prolonged mixing is on slump value of concrete. Fresh concrete mixes
stiffen with time, particularly if continuously mixed. This stiffening effect is reflected in a
reduced slump and according this phenomenon is reflected as slump loss. This loss of slump
value at prolonged mixed concrete is caused by numbers of reasons. The main reasons are simply
that some water from mixed is absorbed by the aggregate if not saturated, some is lost by
evaporation and some is removed by initial chemical reaction.
Compressive strength is another important property of concrete. When prolonged
mixing is taken in to consideration, the reaction of compressive strength to the prolonged mixing
is different from the reaction of slump. But it is also related with slump from place ability point
of view.
Compressive strength of cement is directly proportionate with water cement ratio of
concrete. As results of prolonged mixing concrete is expected to lose water which will results in
an increase in cement water ratio. If the concrete can be compacted at rate which is same
normally mixed concrete. Strength of concrete has tendency to increase at about 5% per hour of
mixing.
1.3 EFFECT OF RETEMPERING ON PROLONGED MIXING

Retempered concrete with water or any admixture to bring it previously specified
slump can be solution to restore the workability of prolonged mixed concrete. The important
reason of need for retempering are insufficient water batched initially, higher rate of evaporation
or absorption and higher rate of hydration (or grinding).
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF WORK

In the circumstances like breakdown of any concreting equipment or quarrels between the
labors or suddenly erupted strikes on the site may put the green concrete into difficult situation.
In such above situations the concrete which is already mixed may have to wait for a longer time
before entering into the formwork. This causes the loss of plasticity and if such concrete is used,
the strength and other characteristics of concrete are affected. Such concrete has to be either
discarded or used with little addition of extra water and cement so that a part of plasticity is
regained, and such concrete is called retempered concrete. Probably use of some admixtures may
induce some good qualities to such retempered concrete. Therefore it is essential to study the
characteristic properties of retermpered concrete containing retarding admixtures.
1.5 METHODOLOGY FOR PROJECT
The design mix proportion is established by using I.S. code method of mix proportioning and
this is used for the entire experimentation.
The retarding admixture is used in different percentages like 0.2% , 0.4%, 0.6%. Test
specimens i.e. cubes, cylinders and beams are caste of standard sizes.
These specimens are cured for the 28 days.
For different retempering time Strength properties are studied by carrying out
compression test on cube and tensile test on cylinder and flexural test on beams.
1.6 OUTLINE OF PROJECT:

Following chapters are outline of the project work:
Chapter 1:
This chapter includes general introduction of retempering of concrete, effect of
prolonged mixing on concrete, effect of retempering on prolonged mixing, objectives of work
and methodology for project.
Chapter 2:
This chapter includes various literature survey from different sources like books, general
papers etc.
Chapter 3:
This chapter includes details about retarding admixture and properties of retarding
admixture used in the experimentation.
Chapter 4:
This chapter includes properties of cement, fine aggregate and course aggregate.
Chapter 5:
This chapter includes the mix design of M-20 grade concrete for mild exposure
condition.
Chapter 6:
This chapter includes experimental programme, photo gallery of experimental work .
Chapter 7:
This chapter includes test results of workability, compressive strength, split tensile
strength, flexural strength. With graphs.
Chapter 8:
This chapter includes discussions of test results.
Chapter 9:
This chapter includes conclusion.
Chapter 10:
This chapter includes different references.
Chapter - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.A Baskoca, M.H. Ozkul. S. Arti. (1998) have Studied the concrete prepared with water-
reducing and retarding admixtures as well as on control ones in both fresh and hardened states.
Retarder used at 2% delayed both initial and final setting time in large extents. However, the
retarding period depends on the admixture dosage i.e. the higher the dosage the longer the delay
when the same retarder is added to the 1.5 agitated mixes, which contained a lignosulfonate WR
already. Retarding effect extends even more. On the other hand dextrin based WR did not show
any retarding effect at all.
2. A. M. Alhozaimy (2006) has studied the Retempering of RMC in hot-dry environments may
result in substantial reduction in strength. When water was added solely to restore the slump
within the specification limits (100±25 mm), the reduction of strength was below 10%. However
when the amount of water was added to increase slump beyond these limits, the reduction of
strength may be high as 35%.
Under hot-dry environments, a strong correlation was found between the change in strength and
the change of slump (R > 0.892). Therefore, the change in slump of a given concrete mixture,
can be used to predict reduction of strength due to job site water additions when practical
consideration preclude accurate determination of the w/c ratio.
3. Under Kirca, Lutfullah Turanli, Turhan Y. Erdagan (2001) have studied the high slump
losses are experienced as the mixing time increases. The increase of the concrete temperature of
the degree of hydration, and of the possible grinding action of the mixer is a main cause of slump
losses.
Less amount of water is needed when superplasticiers is used for the retempering process, as
compared to the use of plain water alone, the final water cement ratios of mixes retempered with
super plasticizer are lower than that of mixes retempered with plain water alone. Thus the
decrease in the compressive strength of those concretes retempered with super plasticizer is less
than the decrease in the strength of those concrete retempered with `plain water’.
4. D. Ravina and I. Soroka. (1994) have studied the effect of four water reducing and retarding
admixtures and three super plasticizers on the consistency slump of fresh concrete was studied
at 21ºc and 32ºc in concrete mixes. Made O.P.C. contain 10% fly ash and subjected to prolonged
mixing for up to 180 minute. Also studied effect of such mixing on compression strength of
concrete at the age of 3,7,28 and 90 days. Gives that admixture in concrete accelerate the rate of
slump loss at all ages. and compression strength linearly increases with mixing time.
5. L. Gunduz. M. Bekar, N. Sapci. (2006) have studied the admixtures, affect the workability
and setting time of concrete and gives the relation between admixture dosage content and
workability and setting time. Also mentioned the properties of hardened concrete .Compressive
strength properties of concrete samples.
6. Sakir Erdog du (2002) has studied the effect of retempering with superplasticier admixtures
or slump loss and compressive strength of concrete subjected to prolonged mixing.
Whether admixture is used or not, concrete subjected to prolong mixing resulted in rather a quick
slump loss up to 90 min of mixing. It is then slowed down beyond that age. This clearlyindicates
that a mixing period go with seems to be turning point with regard to proper placement,
compaction and subsequent operations of concrete.
The strength of concrete with no retempering revealed a slight increase even for a rather long
mixing period of 150 minutes. The reason for this is preferably attributed to the reduced air
content in addition to the esteemed effect or proper placement and compaction of concrete.
7. D. K. Kulkarni and K. B. Prakash (2007) have studied the effect of addition of more than
two chemicals admixtures on the properties of retempered concrete and the strength
characteristics of concrete containing combination of admixtures at retempering time of 15 min
up to 90 min. The combinations of admixture are superplasticiser +air entraining+ retarder Also
gives the relation between, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact
strength for different retempering times. Also gives results that the combination of admixtures
shows the higher strength than that of without admixtures for all the retempering time.
mixing. With fine graphical representation. also gives the variation of time period and
workability of concrete.
8. M.J.Hawkins (1963) has studied the effect of prolonged mixing on compressive strength of
concrete under field condition Also gives the function of retarding admixtures in concrete and
relation of slump and compressive strength of concrete. Also gives that how to minimize the
slump loss problems in retempering of concrete.
Chapter – 3
RETARDING ADMIXTURE
3.1RETARDER
A retarder is an admixture that slows down the chemical process of hydration so that concrete
remains plastic and workable for a longer time that concrete without the retarder. Retarders are
used to overcome the accelerating effect of high temperature on setting properties of concrete in
hot weather concreting. The retarders are used in casting and consolidating large number of
pours without the formation of cold joints. Retarders are also used in grouting oil wells. Oil
wells are sometimes taken up to a depth of about 6000 meter deep where the temperature may be
about 200oC. The annular spacing between the street tube and the wall of the well will have to be
sealed with cement grout. Sometimes at that depth stratified or porous rockstrata may also
require to be grouted to prevent the entry of gas or oil into some other strata. For all these works
cement grout is required to be in mobile condition for about 3 to 4 hours, even at that high
temperature without getting set. Use of retarding agent is often used for such requirements.
Sometimes concrete may have to be placed in difficult conditions and delay may occur in
transporting and placing. In ready mixed concrete practices, concrete is manufactured in central
batching plant and transported over a long distance to the job sites which may take considerable
time. In the above cases the setting of concrete will have to be retarded, so that concrete when
fully placed and compacted is in perfect plastic state.
Retarding admixtures are sometimes used to obtain exposed aggregate look in concrete.
The retarded sprayed to the surface of the formwork, prevents the hardening of matrix at the
interface of concrete and formwork, whereas the rest of the concrete gets hardened. On
removing the formwork after one day or so, the unhardened matrix can be just washed off by a
jet of water which will expose the aggregates. The above are some of the instances where a
retarding agent is used.
Perhaps the most commonly used retarder is calcium sulphate. It is interground to retard
the setting of cement. The appropriate amount of gypsum to be used must be determined
carefully for the given job. Use of gypsum for the purpose of retarding setting time is only
recommended when adequate inspection and control is available, otherwise, addition of excess
amount may cause undesirable expansion and indefinite delay in the setting of concrete.
In addition to gypsum there are number of other materials found to be suitable for that
purpose. They are starches, cellulose products, sugars, acids or salts of acids. These chemicals
may have variable action on different types of cement when used in different quantities. Unless
experience has been had with a retarder, its use as an admixture should not be attempted without
technical advice. Any mistake made in the respect may have disastrous consequences.
Common sugar is one of the most effective retarding agents used as an admixture in
delaying the setting time of concrete without detrimental effect on the ultimate strength.
Additions of excessive amounts will cause indefinite delay in setting. At normal temperature
addition of sugar 0.05 to 0.10 per cent have little effect on the rate of hydration, but if the
quantity is increased to 0.2 per cent, hydration can be retarded to such an extent that final set
may not take place for 72 hours or more. Skimmed milk powder (casein) has a retarding effect
mainly due to sugar content.
Other admixtures which have been successfully used as retarding agents are Ligno sulphonic
acids and their salts, hydroxylated carboxylic acids and their salts which in addition to the
retarding effect also reduce the quantity of water requirement for a given workability. This also
increases 28 days compressive strength by 10 to 20 per cent. Materials like mulish acid, calcium
acetate and a commercial product by name. “Ray ling binder” are used for set retarding
purposes. These days admixtures are manufactured to combine set retarding and water reducing
properties. They are usually mixtures of conventional water reducing agents plus sugars or
hydroxylated carboxylic acids or their salts. Both the setting time and the rate of strength build
up are affected by these materials. A retarder is an admixture that slows down the chemical
prosses of hydration so that concrete remains plastic and workable for longer time .Controlled
extension of possessing time of concrete. Retards the setting time of concrete.
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF USED RETARDER;
In this project retarder is used Hydroxylated Carboxylite Acids, (M.Y.K. Shomburg Germany )
The Physical and Chemical Properties are:
TABLLE NO. 3.1 Physical and chemical properties of used retarder
Color Dark brown/black liquid
Smell Sweet
Specific gravity 1.18 ± 0.01
Choride content Nil
Nitrate content Nil
Flash point Not applicable

CHAPTER - 4
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
4.1 TEST RESULTS OF CEMENT:-

TABLE NO.4.1 Test results of cement
Received Cement: - Coromandel (OPC) 43 grade, Year = 2010
Sr. Type of Test Actual results Norms as per
No. IS : 8112-1989
1 Standard Consistency 28.00% In between 0.26% to 0.32%
2 Setting time – Initial 60 minutes Not less than 30 minutes
3 Setting time – Final 180 minutes Not More than 600 minutes
4 Specific Gravity (Assumed) 3.15 In between 2.5 to 3.5
5 3 Day’s Strength (MPa) 24.88 Not less than 23 MPa.
6 7 Day’s Strength (MPa) 34.33 Not less than 33 MPa.
7 28 Day’s Strength (MPa) 50 MPa Not less than 43 MPa.
 Test conducted as per IS 4031 : 1988 (6)

 Test conducted under normal temperature 270 (+/-) 20
 Note – The test report of the sample / material is as it is received in our laboratory.
4.2. BULKING OF SAND:
Theory:
Bulking of sand indicates an apparent increase in the volume of sand due to formation of thin
films of water molecules around the sand particles.
Sand brought to a site may contain moisture. When loosely filled into a container, it will occupy
a larger volume than it would occupy if dry. If the sand is measured by loose volume, it is
necessary to increase the measured volume of the sand, in order that the amount of sand put into
the concrete may be the amount intended for the nominal mix used. It will be necessary to
increase the volume of sand by the ‘percentage’ bulking.
References: IS : 2386 (Part III) – Methods of testing for Coarse and Fine Aggregates.
The percentage of bulking for the given sand sample is 14%.

4.3 SILT CONTENT OF FINE AGGREGATE:
Object: To find percentage silt content of the given sand sample.
References:
IS: 2386 (Part II) – Methods of testing for Coarse and Fine Aggregates.
IS: 383 – 1970 – Specifications for Coarse and Fine Aggregates.
Theory:
Slit is non-soluble deleterious (contaminating) substance present in sand. The presence of
excessive silt in sand increases water requirement of mix and decrease the strength and
durability. The silt content should not exceed 5% as per IS : 383-1970. If the silt content is
excessive, the sand should be washed before use.
TABLE NO. 4.2 Observations of silt contain.
Description Test
Thickness of silt layer 13
Height of sand 400
Silt content (%) 3.25%
Since the percentage of silt does not exceed 5%, sand is not required to be washed.
4.4 SIEVE ANALYSIS:

References:
IS : 2386 (Part I) – Methods of testing for Coarse and Fine Aggregates
IS : 383 – 1970 – Specifications for Coarse and Fine Aggregates.
Object:
To determine the grain size distribution of given coarse aggregate and fine aggregate and to
check whether they conform to IS : 383-1970.
Theory:
Sieve analysis is the process of determining proportions of grain size distribution in a given
sample. Sieve analysis provides the basis for obtaining the specific grading of aggregate as
provided in the specifications of a job.
Fineness Modulus (F.M.) is an index of coarseness or fineness of the material. F.M. is obtained
by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each sieve ranging from 80 mm
to 150 micron and dividing this by 100. The larger the F.M. the coarser is the material. F.M. is
usually determined for fine aggregate.
Fineness modulus for find sand – 2.2 to 2.6

Fineness modulus for medium sand – 2.6 to 2.9
Fineness modulus for coarse sand – 2.9 to 3.2
A Sand having fineness modulus more than 3.2 is unsuitable for making good concrete.
TABLE NO. 4.3 Observations of sieve analysis for fine aggregate
Weight of sample taken for sieving = 2000 gm.
Sieve Size Weight retained Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
(gm) weight retained percentage percentage
(gm) retained (%) passing (%)
10 mm - - - -
4.75 mm 295.50 295.50 14.78 85.22
2.36 mm 176.50 472.00 23.60 76.40
1.18 mm 424.00 896.00 44.80 55.20
600 micron 398.50 1294.50 64.73 35.27
300 micron 505.00 1799.50 89.98 10.02
150 micron 177.00 1976.50 98.83 1.17
75 micron 13.50 1990.00 99.50 0.50
Pan 10.00 2000.00 100.00 0.00
Fineness Modulus = sum of cumulative percentage retained /100

F.M. = 3.0
The given sand conforms to Zone II... of IS : 383-1970
F.M. of the sand is 3.0 and therefore it is suitable for making good concrete.
TABLE NO. 4.4 Observations of sieve analysis for Coarse Aggregate.
20 M.S.A. (20 mm / 12 mm Metal)

Sieve Size Weight retained Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
(gm) weight retained percentage percentage
(gm) retained (%) passing (%)
25 127.50 127.50 2.55 97.45
20 2686 2813.50 56.27 43.73
16 1842.50 4656.00 93.12 6.88
12.50 265 4921.00 98.42 1.58
10.00 62 4983.00 99.66 0.34
4.75 17 5000.00 100.00 0.00
Pan 0.00 5000.00 100.00 0.00
F.M. = 4.2
4.5 SURFACE (FREE) MOISTURE CONTENT IN AGGREGATE:
Object
To determine surface moisture content in the given sample of fine and coarse aggregate.
Theory
Surface moisture is the amount of free moisture that can be held by sand or coarse aggregate. It
is expressed as percentage ratio of the weight of surface moisture to the weight of over-dry
aggregate. It is very essential to determine surface moisture on the aggregate so that water added
to the concrete mix is reduced proportionately.
TABLE NO. 4.5 Observations for Surface moisture content in aggregate.
Sr.No. Reading F.A. C.A.
1 Weight of sample in pan (gm) 500 1000
2 Weight of pan (gm) 533 533
3 Weight of aggregate (S) gm 500 1000
4 Saturated surface dry weight of aggregate 1028 1528
+ pan (gm)
5 Saturated surface dry weight of aggregate 495 995
(B) gm
500  495
F.A. i) % surface moisture = S  B  / B  100  100  1.01%
495
1000  995
C.A. ii) Surface moisture =  100  0.50%
995
 Surface moisture content in sand = 1.01%
 Surface moisture content in coarse aggregate = 0.50%
4.6 DETERMINATION OFS PECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF

AGGREGATES:
Theory
The Specific Gravity of an aggregate is defined as the ratio of mass of solid in a given volume of
sample to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. The value of specific
gravity is required for mix design, calculating the yield of concrete and calculating voids ratio.
Specific gravity of aggregate varies from 2.5 to 2.9.
Water absorption is expressed as percentage ratio of water absorbed to the weight of the oven
dry aggregate. The water absorption of aggregates is needed in deciding the proportion of water
in concrete while designing the mix.
Reference: I.S. : 2386 (Part III) – 1963
(A) For Aggregate Larger than 10 mm
Observations :
1. Weight of the basket and the sample in water = A1 = 5900 gm
2. Weight of empty basket in water = A2 = 2700 gm
3. Weight of the saturated aggregate in water A = (A1 – A2) = 3200 gm
4. Weight of saturated surface-dry aggregate in air = B = 4821 gm.
5. Weight of oven-dried aggregate in air = C = 4776 gm.
Calculations :
C 4776
1. Specific gravity =   2.94
( B  A) 4821  3200
100( B  C ) 100(4821  4776)
2. Water absorption =   0.94%
C 4776
(B) For Aggregate Smaller than 10 mm

Observations :
1. Weight of saturated surface dry aggregate = A = 420 gm.
2. Weight of pycnometer with sample and water = B = 1530 gm.
3. Weight of pycnometer with water only = C = 1266 gm.
4. Weight of oven-dried aggregate = D = 410 gm.
Calculations :
D 410
1. Specific gravity =   2.62
A  ( B  C ) 420  (1530  1266)
100( A  D) 100  (420  410)
2. Water absorption =   2.43%
D 410
1. Specific gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.94.

2. Specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.62.
3. Water absorption of coarse aggregate is 0.94%.
4. Water absorption of fine aggregate is 2.43%.
Chapter-5
Mix design for M-20 Grade Concrete for Mild exposure condition
5.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

i) Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days = 20 N/mm2
ii) Max size of available aggregate = 20 mm
iii) Shape of coarse aggregate angular.
iv) Workability – slump – 100 mm.
v) Exposure Condition – mild exposure condition.
Test data for concrete making material.
1. Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
2. Sp. gravity of coarse aggregates = 2.94
3. Sp. gravity of fine aggregate = 2.62
4. Water absorption of C.A. = 0.94%
5. Water absorption of F.A. = 2.43%
6. Free moisture content in F.A. = 1.01%
7. Free moisture content in C.A. = 0.50%
8. Comp. strength of Cement = 50 N/mm2
5.2 CALCULATIONS:
Step 1: To determine the target strength
Target strength = fck + 1.65 S
 S = Standard deviation calculated from table – 1 of I.S. 10262 -2007
For M-20 concrete standard deviation ‘S = 4’
Target strength = fck + 1.65.S
= 20 + 1.05 x 4
= 26.60 N/mm2
Step 2: To find out W/C ratio
Corresponding to this target strength the w/c ratio is noted from the appropriate curve
corresponding to 28 – day strength of cement (fig. 2)
W/c ratio is 0.45.
For the cement strength 50 N/mm2, curve ‘C’ is selected and the water cement ratio 0.45
is obtained. (Table-5, 1S 456-2000).
For mild exposure and for Reinforced concrete the max W/C ration is 0.55.
Hence adopt W/C ratio is 0.45.
Step 3: Selection of water content

The quantity of max mixing water per unit volume of concrete may be determined from
table – 2 of I.S. 10262 – 2000.
The water content in table – 2 is for angular C-A, coarse aggregate and for 25mm to
50mm slum range.
For all the desired workability other than 25 to 50mm slump range. The water extent may
be increased by 3% for every additional 50 mm slump.
From table - 2 max water content for 20mm aggregate 186 Lit. (For 25 to 50mm – slump
range).
Estimate water content for 100 mm slump.
3
186  186
= 100
= 192 Litres.
Step 4: Calculation of cement content
W/C ratio = 0.45
192
Cement content =  349kg / m 3
0.55
Check for exposure condition from table – 5 of 1S 456 – 2000 minimum cement is 300
kg/m3
300 kg/m3 So 349.0 kg/m3 is acceptable.
Step 5 : Proportion of volume of C.A. and F.A. content form table 3 of 1.5 10262:2007 volume
of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm. size of aggregate is 0.62 therefore volume of F.A. =
1.062 = 0.38.
Step 6: Mix Calculations
i) Volume of concrete = 1 m3
Massofcement 1
ii) Volume of cement = 
sp.grauityofcement 1000
349 1
= 
3.15 1000
= 0.11 m3
 Massofwater  1
iii) Volume of water =   
 sp.grauityofwater  1000
192  1
=  
 1  1000
= 0.192 m3
iv) Volume of total aggregate = Volume of Concrete – [Volume of cement + Volume
of water]
= 1 – (0.11 + 0.192)
= 0.698m3
v) Mass of C.A. = [Volume of total agg. x Volume of C.A. x sp. gravity of C.A.] x1000
= [0.698 x 0.62 x 2.94] x 1000
= 1272.31 kg.
vi) Mass of F. A. = [Volume of total agg. x Volume of F.A. x sp. gravity of F.A.] x1000
= [0.698 x 0.38 x 2.62] x 1000
= 694.92
Step 7: Adjustment required for water absorption and free moisture.

0.94
Water absorbed by C.A. = 1272.31 x -------------- = 11.95 Liters.
100
2.43
Water absorbed by F.A. = 694.92 x -------------- = 16.88 Liters.
100
1.01
Free water in C.A. = 1272.31 x -------------- = 12.85 Liters.
100
0.50
Free water in F.A. = 694.92 x -------------- = 3.47 Liters.
100
Actual water quantity required = 192 + 11.95 + 16.88 – 12.85 – 3.47

= 237.15 Liters.
Actual quantity of C.A. = 1272.31 – 11.95 + 12.85

= 1273.21 kg.
Actual quantity of F.A. = 694.92 – 16.88 + 3.47

= 681.51 kg.
Actual quantities of material are –
TABLE NO.5.1 Mix proportion becomes
Cement Sand C.A. Water
349 681.51 1273.21 237.15
OR
1 1.95 3.64 0.45
It can be observed that if the fraction – 1 & 2 are combined in the proportion 40: 60. The desired
combined reading as recommended IS 383 1970 is obtained
TABLE NO. 5.2 Mix proportion in 40:60.
Cement Sand C.A. Water
40% 60%
12 mm 20 mm
349 681.51 509.28 763.92 237.15
OR
1 1.95 1.45 2.18 0.45
CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
6.1 EXPERIMENTAL WORK.

The main aim of this experimentation work is to find the effect of addition of Retarding
admixtures on the properties of retempered concrete.
Ordinary Portland cement and locally available sand and aggregates were used in the
experimentation. The specific gravity of fine and coarse aggregate was 2.62 and 2.94
respectively. The experiments were conducted on a mix proportion of 1: 1.95: 3.64 with w/c =
0.45 which corresponds to M20 grade of concrete. The dosages of retarder used in the
experimentation are 0.2% ,0.4%,0.6%.of wt. of cement.
After thoroughly mixing all the ingredients in dry state, the required quantity of water
was added in the mix and thoroughly mixed. At this stage the Retarding admixtures were added
and a homogeneous concrete mix was obtained. This concrete mix was covered with gunny bags
for 15 minutes. The time was reckoned, the moment the water was added to the concrete mix.
After 15 minutes the mix was poured into the moulds and the specimens were cast with sufficient
compaction through vibration. This forms retempered concrete for 15 minutes. Similarly the
specimens were prepared with retempered concrete with a retempering time of 30 minutes, 45
minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes and 90 minutes.
Another set of retempered concrete specimens were cast by adding 5% extra cement and
the required extra amount of water to balance a w/c ratio of 0.45. All the specimens were
demoulded after 24 hours of their casting and were transferred to curing tank to cure them for 28
days. After 28 days of curing the specimens were tested for their compressive strength, tensile
strength, flexural strength and as per IS specifications.
For compressive strength test, the cubes of dimensions 150 x 150 x 150 mm were cast
and were tested under compression testing machine as per IS 516-1959. For tensile strength test,
the cylinders of diameter 100 mm and length 200 mm were cast and were tested under
compressive testing machine as per IS 5816-1999. For flexural strength test the beams of
dimensions 100 x 100 x 500 mm were cast and were tested on an effective span of 400 mm with
two point loading as per IS 516-1959.
6.2 TYPE OF TEST CONDUCTED AND STANDARD MOULD SIZES.
TABLE NO.6.1 Type of test, mould sizes.
No .of Casting and

Mould size IS code used Testing method
specimen testing for
compressive Compression
144 15cmx15cmx15cm (cube) IS 516:1969
strength testing machine
Diameter=10cm Compression
144 tensile strength IS 516:1969
height=20cm (cylinder) testing machine
flexural
144 50cmx10cmx10cm (beam) IS 516:1969 U.T.M.
strength
6.3 LABORATORY WHERE EXPERIMENTAL WORK IS PERFORMED
Sanjay Ghodawat Institutes concrete lab ISO 9001-2000 certified laboratory 901 “B”
Raviwarpeth Kolhapur.
Fig. no.6.1.a. Sanjay Ghodawat Institutes concrete lab.

Fig.no. 6.1.b. Sanjay Ghodawat Institutes concrete lab.
Fig.no. 6. 2 Grading of concrete materials

Fig.no. 6.3 Mixing of concrete
Fig.no. 6.4.a. Slump testing

Fig.no. 6.4.b. Slump testing
Fig.no.6.5 Casting of Specimen

Fig.no. .6.6.a. Curing of specimens
Fig.no. 6.6.b . Curing of Specimens

Fig.no .6.7.Testing of cubes
Fig.no. 6.8.Testing of Beams

Chapter - 7
TEST RESULTS
7.1 WORKABILITY TESTS RESULTS:-
Workability:-
In its simplest form the term workability may be defined as the ease, with which the concrete
can be mixed , handled, transported placed in position and compacted to produce full
compaction. According to Indian Standard [IS1199:1959]workability of concrete is the property
of concrete which determines the amount of internal work necessary to produce full compaction.
Workability is a parameter, a mix designer is required to specify in the mix design process, with
full understanding of type of work, distance of transport, loss of slump, method of placing and
many other parameters involved .Assumption of right workability proper understanding backed
by experience will make the concreting operation more economical and durable.
Factors Affecting Workability:-

 Water content
 Aggregate/cement ratio or mix proportion
 Grading of Aggregate
 Surface texture
 Use of admixtures
WORKABILITY TESTS:-
The workability of concrete mixes is measured by various tests. Among the various tests the
slump tests are considered to be the reliable tests for measuring the workability of mixes.
Slump Test:-
Slump test is to determine the workability of fresh concrete .The test is simple and cheap. It is
suitable to use in laboratory and also at site. although the test is simple, but the testing has to be
done carefully due to huge slump may obtain if there is any disturbance in the process.
TABLE NO 7.1
Slumps results for reference mix without addition of 5% extra cement and water.
Designation for cube, cylinder Retempering time in minutes Slump obtained in mm
and beam.
Ao 15 80
A1 30 75
A2 45 50
A3 60 30
A4 75 20
A5 90 15
TABLE NO 7.2
Slumps results for 0.2% dosage of retarder, without addition of 5% extra cement and
water.
and beam.
Bo 15 100
B1 30 85
B2 45 60
B3 60 45
B4 75 35
B5 90 30
TABLE NO 7.3
water.
and beam.
Co 15 105
C1 30 90
C2 45 70
C3 60 55
C4 75 50
C5 90 40
TABLE NO 7.4
water.
and beam.
Do 15 115
D1 30 100
D2 45 80
D3 60 70
D4 75 65
D5 90 55
TABLE NO 7.5
Slumps results for reference mix, with addition of 5% extra cement and water.
and beam.
Eo 15 100
E1 30 70
E2 45 45
E3 60 35
E4 75 15
E5 90 10
TABLE NO 7.6
Slumps results for 0.2% dosage of retarder, with addition of 5% extra cement and water.
and beam.
Fo 15 105
F1 30 75
F2 45 50
F3 60 45
F4 75 25
F5 90 20
TABLE NO 7.7
and beam.
Go 15 110
G1 30 85
G2 45 65
G3 60 60
G4 75 40
G5 90 35
TABLE NO 7.8
and beam.
Ho 15 115
H1 30 90
H2 45 80
H3 60 75
H4 75 65
H5 90 50
140
120
100
SLUMP IN MM
80
60
40
Reference mix
20
0.2% retarder
0
dosage
0.4% retarder
15 30 45 60 75 90
dosage
minute minute minute minute minute minute
RETEMPERING TIME IN MINUTE
Fig. no. 7.1, Variation of slump for different retempering time and different dosage of retarder
without addition of 5% extra cement and water.
140
120
100
80
SLUMP IN MM
Reference mix
60 0.2% retarder dosage
0.4%retarder dosage
40
0.6% retarder dosage
20
0
15 minite 30 45 60 75 90
minute minute minute minute minute
RETEMPERING TIME IN MINUTE
.Fig. no.7.2
Variation of slump for different retempering time and different dosage of retarder with addition
of 5% extra cement and water
7.2 COMPRESSION TEST RESULTS:-

Of the varies strengths of concrete the determination of compressive strength Has
received a large amount of attention because the concrete is primarily meant to withstand
compressive stresses. Cubes are used to determine the compressive strength. The specimens are
caste, cured and tested as per IS specification. Compressive strength is given by formula,
Compressive Strength = P /A (N/mm 2)
TABLENO.7.9
Load in KN and results of compressive strength in MPa cube size150mm x 150mmx150mm
for reference mix without addition of 5% cement and water.
Designation Retempering time Load in KN Stress in MPa.
Ao 15 minutes 450 20
488 21.7
513 22.8
21.50
A1 30 minutes 513 22.8
510 22.55
482 21.4
22.25
A2 45 minutes 567 25.2
514 25.5
581 25.8
25.5
A3 60 minutes 615 27.3
632 28.1
617 27.4
27.60
A4 75 minutes 533 23.7
545 24.2
529 23.5
23.80
A5 90 minutes 529 23.5
533 23.7
524 23.3
23.50
TABLE NO. 7.10
for 0.2% dosage of retarder, without addition of 5% cement and water.
Bo 15 minutes 551 24.5

560 24.88
553.5 24.6
24.66
B1 30 minutes 565 25.1
576 26.58
569 25.3
25.66
B2 45 minutes 589.5 26.2
625.5 27.8
594 26.4
26.8
B3 60 minutes 607.5 27
652.5 29
630 28
28
B4 75 minutes 542 24.1
547 24.3
544.5 24.2
24.20
B5 90 minutes 526.5 23.4
551 24.5
529 23.5
23.80
TABLE NO. 7.11
Co 15 minutes 587 26.1

589.5 26.2
592 26.3
26.2
C1 30 minutes 589.5 26.2
619 27.5
610 26.7
26.8
C2 45 minutes 616.5 27.4
615 27.34
614 27.25
27.33
C3 60 minutes 655 29.1
663 29.44
659 29.3
29.28
C4 75 minutes 544.5 24.2
576 25.6
533.5 24.6
24.8
C5 90 minutes 542 24.1
549 24.4
542 24.1
24.2
TABLE NO. 7.12
Do 15 minutes 634.5 28.2

648.5 28.82
637 28.3
28.44
D1 30 minutes 639 28.4
664 29.5
641 28.5
28.8
D2 45 minutes 655 29.1
672 29.85
658 29.25
29.4
D3 60 minutes 675 30
688 30.05
675 30
30.2
D4 75 minutes 569 25.3
514 25.5
574 25.52
25.44
D5 90 minutes 526.5 23.4
551 24.5
529 23.5
23.8
TABLE NO. 7.13
for reference mix, with addition of 5% cement and water.
Eo 15 minutes 495 22
518 23
500 22.2
22.40
E1 30 minutes 520 23.1
520 23..1
527 23.4
23.2
E2 45 minutes 518 23
590 26.2
507 22.8
24
E3 60 minutes 569 25.3
574 25.49
574 25.5
25.43
E4 75 minutes 497 22.1
536 23.8
506 22.5
22.8
E5 90 minutes 520 23.1
520 23.1
527 23.4
23.2
TABLE NO. 7.14
for 0.2% dosage of retarder, with addition of 5% cement and water.
Fo 15 minutes 565 25.1

568 25.26
569 25.3
25.22
F1 30 minutes 571.5 25.4
567 25.2
576 25.6
25.40
F2 45 minutes 616.5 27.4
613 27.24
625.5 27.8
27.48
F3 60 minutes 657 29.2
661 29.39
661.5 661.5
29.33
F4 75 minutes 571.5 25.4
594 26.4
596 25.6
25.80
F5 90 minutes 524 24.1
541 24.06
551 24.5
24.22
TABLE NO. 7.15
Go 15 minutes 616 27.1

612 27.2
614 27.3
26.2
G1 30 minutes 612 27.2
619 27.5
619 27.5
27.40
G2 45 minutes 639 28.4
636 28.26
643.5 28.6
28.42
G3 60 minutes 677 30.1
675 30
676 30.05
30.05
G4 75 minutes 529 23.5
542 24.1
535.5 23.8
23.80
G5 90 minutes 544.5 24.2
554 24.62
551 24.5
24.44
TABLE NO. 7.16
Ho 15 minutes 670.5 29.8

679 30.16
664 29.5
29.82
H1 30 minutes 664 29.5
654 29.07
659 29.3
29.29
H2 45 minutes 677 30.1
695 30.9
679.5 30.2
30.4
H3 60 minutes 722 32.1
726 32.26
727 32.3
32.22
H4 75 minutes 632 28.1
641 28.5
643.5 28.6
28.4
H5 90 minutes 567 25.2
580 25.77
571.5 25.35
25.44
TABLE NO. 7.17
Overall Results of compressive strength for 0.2% dosage of retarder
Retempering Reference mix without with addition of 0.2% Percentage increase or
time in minutes admixture dosage of retarder decrease of compressive
strength w.r.t. reference
mix.
without with without with addition without with
addition of 5% addition of addition of of 5% extra addition of addition of
extra cement & 5% extra 5% extra cement & 5% extra 5% extra
water cement & cement & water cement & cement &
water water water water
15 minutes 21.50 22.40 24.66 25.22 14.69 12.58
30 minutes 22.25 23.2 25.66 25.40 15.32 9.48
45 minutes 25.5 24 26.8 27.48 5.09 14.5
60 minutes 27.60 25.43 28 29.33 1.44 15.33
75 minutes 23.80 22.8 24.2 25.80 1.68 13.15
90 minutes 23.50 23.2 23.8 24.22 1.27 4.39
TABLE NO. 7.18 Overall

Results of compressive strength for 0.4% dosage of retarder
Retempering Reference mix without with addition of 0.4% Percentage increase or

time in minutes admixture dosage of retarder decrease of compressive
mix.
without with addition without with addition without with addition

addition of of 5% extra addition of of 5% extra addition of of 5% extra
5% extra cement & 5% extra cement & 5% extra cement &
cement & water cement & water cement & water
water water water
15 minutes 21.50 22.40 26.2 27.2 21.86 21.42
30 minutes 22.25 23.2 26.8 27.40 20.44 18.10
45 minutes 25.5 24.0 27.33 28.42 7.17 18.41
60 minutes 27.60 25.43 29.28 30.05 6.08 18.16
75 minutes 23.80 22.8 24.8 23.80 4.20 4.38
90 minutes 23.50 23.2 24.2 24.44 2.97 4.34
TABLE NO. 7.19
Overall Results of compressive strength for 0.6% dosage of retarder .
Retempering Reference mix without with addition of 0.6% dosage Percentage increase or
time in admixture of retarder decrease of compressive
minutes strength w.r.t. reference
mix.
without addition with addition without with addition of without addition with
of 5% extra of 5% extra addition of 5% 5% extra of 5% extra addition of
cement & water cement & extra cement & cement & water cement & water 5% extra
water water cement &
water
15 minutes 21.50 22.40 28.44 29.82 32.27 33.12
30 minutes 22.25 23.2 28.8 29.29 29.43 26.25
45 minutes 25.5 24 29.4 30.4 15.29 26.65
60 minutes 27.60 25.43 30.2 32.22 9.42 26.70
75 minutes 23.80 22.8 25.44 28.4 6.89 24.56
90 minutes 23.50 23.2 23.8 25.44 1.27 9.65
35
29.33
30 28
27.6
27.48
26.8
25.66 25.8
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN MPa.
25.22 25.425.5 25.43

24.66 24 24.22
24.2 23.523.8 without addition of 5% extra
25 23.2 23.8 23.2
22.4 22.25 22.8 cement & water for reference
21.5 mix
20 with addition of 5% extra
cement &water for ref. mix
15
without addition of 5% extra
cement &water for 0.2%
10 dosage of retarder
with addtion of 5% extra
cement & water for
5
0.2%dosage of retarder
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
RETEMPERING TIME IN MINUTES
Fig.no7.3, Variation of compressive strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.2% dosage of
retarder.
35
30 30.05
29.8
28.42 27.6 without addition of 5%

27.2 27.4
26.8 27.33
26.2 25.5 25.43 extra cement & water for
25 24.8 24.44
24.2
23.2 24 23.8 23.5
23.2 reference mix
22.4 22.25 22.8
21.5
15
without addition of 5%
10 extra cement &water for
0.4% dosage of retarder
5 with addtion of 5% extra
cement & water for
0 0.4%dosage of retarder
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig no 7.4,
Variation of compressive strength w.r.t different retempering time. for
0.4% dosage of retarder.
35
32.22
30 29.82 30.4 30.2
29.29 29.4
28.44 28.8 28.4

27.6 without addition of 5%
25 25.5 25.43 25.44 25.44 extra cement & water for
23.2 24 23.8 23.8
23.5
23.2 reference mix
22.4 22.25 22.8
21.5
15

cement & water for
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig.no.7.5
Variation of compressive strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.6% dosage of retarder.
7.3 SPLIT TENSILE TEST RESULT:-

The splitting tests are well known as indirect tests used for determining the tensile
strength of concrete the test consists of applying compressive line load along the opposite
generators of the concrete cylinders placed with its axis horizontal between the platens. Due to
the applied line loading a fairly uniform tensile stress is induced over nearly two third of loaded
diameter as obtained from an elastic analysis. The magnitude of tensile stress is given by
Tensile Strength = 2P/πD’L N/mm 2
TABLE NO. 7.20

Load in KN and results split tensile strength in MPa cylinder size 100mm in diameter and
200mm in length for reference mix without addition of 5% cement and water.
Ao 15 minutes 110 3.5

146.5 4.66
118 3.75
3.97
A1 30 minutes 126 4.01
133 4.24
132 4.2
4.15
A2 45 minutes 163..5 5.2
169 5.39
169.5 5.4
5.33
A3 60 minutes 198 6.3
199 6.34
195 6.2
6.28
A4 75 minutes 157 5.0
173 5.5
160 5.1
5.20
A5 90 minutes 157 5.01
151 4.82
163 5.2
5.01
TABLE NO. 7.21

Load in KN and results split tensile strength in MPa cylinder size 100mm in diameter and
200mm in length for 0.2% dosage of retarder without addition of 5% cement and water.
Bo 15 minutes 151 4.8

161.5 5.14
147.5 4.70
4.88
B1 30 minutes 154 4.9
157 5.0
151 4.8
4.90
B2 45 minutes 182 5.8
195.5 6.22
187 5.95
5.99
B3 60 minutes 223 7.1
218.5 6.96
220 7.0
7.02
B4 75 minutes 195 6.2
190 6.04
198 6.3
6.18
B5 90 minutes 160 5.1
173 5.5
157 5.0
5.2
TABLE NO. 7.22
Load in KN and results of split tensile strength in MPa cylinder size 100mm in diameter
and 200mm in length for 0.4% dosage of retarder without addition of 5% cement and
water.
Co 15 minutes 151 4.8

163 5.19
154.5 4.92
4.97
C1 30 minutes 163 5.2
172.5 5.49
166.5 5.3
5.33
C2 45 minutes 188.5 6.0
186 5.93
191.5 6.1
6.01
C3 60 minutes 226 7.2
224 7.14
230 7.32
7.22
C4 75 minutes 198 6.3
190 6.06
194 6.18
6.18
C5 90 minutes 185 5.9
193.5 6.16
185 5.88
5.98
TABLE NO. 7.23
and 200 mm in length for 0.6% dosage of retarder without addition of 5% cement and
water.
Do 15 minutes 157 5.0

159.5 5.08
164 5.22
5.1
D1 30 minutes 166.5 5.3
159.5 5.08
166 5.28
5.22
D2 45 minutes 223 7.1
218 6.94
226 7.2
7.08
D3 60 minutes 239 7.6
255 8.11
241.5 7.69
7.80
D4 75 minutes 192 6.1
192 6.1
192 6.1
6.1
D5 90 minutes 188.5 6.0
189 6.02
188 5.98
6.0
TABLE NO. 7.24
and 200mm in length for reference mix with addition of 5% cement and water.
Eo 15 minutes 135 4.3

132 4.2
132 4.2
4.23
E1 30 minutes 138 4.4
131 4.18
136 4.32
4.30
E2 45 minutes 173 5.5
177 5.64
166.5 5.3
5.48
E3 60 minutes 192 6.12
255 8.12
210.5 6.70
6.98
E4 75 minutes 179 5.7
191 6.08
182 5.8
5.86
E5 90 minutes 162 5.15
165.5 5.27
163 5.18
5.20
TABLE NO. 7.25
and 200mm in length for 0.2 % dosage of retarder with addition of 5% cement and water.
Fo 15 minutes 160 5.1

160.5 5.11
162 5.15
5.12
F1 30 minutes 163 5.2
163 5.19
166.5 5.3
5.23
F2 45 minutes 182 5.8
194.5 6.19
187 5.95
5.98
F3 60 minutes 223 7.1
216.5 6.9
220 7.0
7.0
F4 75 minutes 182 5.8
172.5 5.49
180.5 5.75
5.68
F5 90 minutes 163 5.2
163 5.19
162 5.15
5.18
TABLE NO. 7.26
Go 15 minutes 163 5.2

164 5.22
161 5.12
5.18
G1 30 minutes 166.5 5.3
171 5.45
176 5.6
5.45
G2 45 minutes 223 7.1
218.5 6.96
220 7.0
7.02
G3 60 minutes 232.5 7.4
234.5 7.47
235 7.48
7.45
G4 75 minutes 195 6.2
224 7.13
208 6.62
6.65
G5 90 minutes 188.5 6.0
192 6.12
194 6.18
6.1
TABLE NO. 7.27
Ho 15 minutes 163 5.2

172.5 5.49
166.5 5.3
5.33
H1 30 minutes 178 5.66
179 5.71
179 5.71
5.67
H2 45 minutes 204 6.5
233 7.42
219.5 6.99
6.97
H3 60 minutes 245 7.8
259.5 8.26
232.5 7.4
7.82
H4 75 minutes 195 6.2
227 7.22
204 6.5
6.65
H5 90 minutes 195 6.2
194 6.17
194 6.17
6.18
TABLE No.7.28
Overall results of split tensile strength for 0.2% dosage of retarder.
time in admixture of retarder decrease of split tensile
mix.
without addition with addition of without with addition of without addition with
of 5% extra 5% extra addition of 5% 5% extra of 5% extra addition of
cement & water cement & water extra cement & cement & water cement & water 5% extra
water cement &
water
15 minutes 3.97 4.23 4.88 5.12 22.92 21.04
30 minutes 4.15 4.30 4.90 5.23 18.07 21.62
45 minutes 5.33 5.48 5.99 5.98 12.38 9.12
60 minutes 6.28 6.98 7.02 7.0 11.78 0.28
75 minutes 5.20 5.86 6.18 5.68 18.84 3.16
90 minutes 5.01 5.20 5.2 5.18 3.79 0.38
TABLE No. 7.29 Overall results

of split tensile strength for 0.4% dosage of retarder
time in admixture of retarder decrease of split tensile
mix.
water cement &
water
15 minutes 3.97 4.23 4.97 5.18 25.18 22.45
30 minutes 4.15 4.30 5.33 5.45 28.43 26.74
45 minutes 5.33 5.48 6.01 7.02 12.75 28.10
60 minutes 6.28 6.98 7.22 7.45 14.96 6.73
75 minutes 5.20 5.86 6.18 6.65 18.84 13.48
90 minutes 5.01 5.20 5.98 6.1 19.36 17.30
TABLE No. 7.30 Overall
results of split tensile strength for 0.6% dosage of retarder.
time in admixture of retarder decrease of Split tensile
mix.
water cement &
water
15 minutes 3.97 4.23 5.1 5.33 28.46 26.00
30 minutes 4.15 4.30 5.22 5.67 25.78 36.62
45 minutes 5.33 5.48 7.08 6.97 32.83 30.76
60 minutes 6.28 6.98 7.80 7.82 24.20 24.52
75 minutes 5.20 5.86 6.11 6.65 17.50 27.88
90 minutes 5.01 5.20 6.0 6.18 19.76 23.35
8
7 77.02
6.98
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN MPa.
6.28 6.18
6 5.99
5.86
5.68 extra cement & water for
5.48
5.33
5.12 5.23 5.2 5.2
5.18 reference mix
5 4.88 4.9 5.01
with addition of 5% extra
4.23 4.3
4.15 cement &water for ref. mix
4 3.97
3 without addition of 5%
extra cement &water for
2 0.2% dosage of retarder
1 cement & water for
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig.no.7.6, Variation of split tensile strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.2% dosage of
retarder
8
7.45
7 7.02 7.22
6.98

6.28 6.18 6.1
6 6.01 5.86 5.98 extra cement & water for
5.45
5.33 5.48
5.33 reference mix
5 5.18 5.2 5.2
5.01
4.97
with addition of 5% extra
4.23 4.3
4.15 cement &water for ref. mix
4 3.97
3 without addition of 5%
extra cement &water for
2 0.4% dosage of retarder
cement & water for
0 0.4%dosage of retarder
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig. no.
7.7, Variation of split tensile strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.4% dosage of
retarder
9
8 7.82
7.8
7 7.08
6.28
6 6.11
5.86 66.18 reference mix
5.67 5.48
5.33 5.22 5.33 5.2 5.2 with addition of 5% extra
5 5.1 5.01
cement &water for ref.
4.23 4.3
4.15 mix
4 3.97
2
1 cement & water for 0.6%
dosage of retarder
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig. no. 7.8, Variation of split tensile strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.6% dosage
of retarder
7.4 FLEXURAL TEST RESULTS:-

The flexural strength is determined by testing standard test specimen of size
100mmx100mmx500mm over a span 400mm. it is obtained by,
Flexural Strength = PL/BD ² N/MM²
TABLE NO. 7.31

Load in KN and results of flexural strength in MPa Beam size 100mmx100mm500mm for
reference mix , without addition of 5% cement and water.
Ao 15 minutes 4.25 1.65

5.75 2.3
5 1..99
1.98
A1 30 minutes 5.50 2.2
6.25 2.46
6 2.30
2.32
A2 45 minutes 8.25 3.28
8.25 3.28
8.25 3.28
3.28
A3 60 minutes 11.25 4.5
12 4.77
11.50 4.62
4.63
A4 75 minutes 9 3.65
9 3.65
9 3.65
3.65
A5 90 minutes 7.5 3.02
8 3.18
7.75 3.1
3.1
TABLE NO. 7.32

0.2% dosage of retarder, without addition of 5% cement and water.
Bo 15 minutes 5.5 2.2

5.5 2.2
5 2.14
2.18
B1 30 minutes 8 3.20
8 3.20
8 3.20
3.20
B2 45 minutes 12.50 4.98
12.50 4.98
12.50 4.98
4.98
B3 60 minutes 12.25 5.3
13.25 5.3
13 5.26
5.28
B4 75 minutes 11 4.4
11.50 4.62
11.25 4.48
4.5
B5 90 minutes 8 3.2
7.75 3.1
8.25 3.3
3.2
TABLE NO. 7.33
Co 15 minutes 6 2.4
6 2.4
6 2.4
2.4
C1 30 minutes 9 3.6
9 3.6
9 3.6
3.6
C2 45 minutes 12.25 4.9
12.50 4.92
12.25 4.9
4.92
C3 60 minutes 14 5.6
14 5.6
14 5.6
5.6
C4 75 minutes 12 4.80
13.50 5.43
12 4.80
4.82
C5 90 minutes 9 3.6
11 4.48
8.5 3.32
3.8
TABLE NO. 7.34
Do 15 minutes 6.2 2.46

6.5 2..52
6.2 2.46
2.48
D1 30 minutes 9.25 3.69
9.25 3.69
9.25 3.69
3.69
D2 45 minutes 12.50 4.98
12.50 4.98
12.50 4..98
4..98
D3 60 minutes 14.75 5.89
15 5.95
14.5 5.86
5.9
D4 75 minutes 13 5.2
13 5.2
13 5.2
5.2
D5 90 minutes 10.50 4.18
10.50 4.18
10.50 4.18
4.18
TABLE NO. 7.35
reference mix with addition of 5% cement and water.
Eo 15 minutes 5.25 2.12

5.5 2.24
5 2.14
2.15
E1 30 minutes 6.25 2.5
6 2.46
6.25 2.46
2.46
E2 45 minutes 8.5 3.47
8.75 3.51
8.5 4.47
3.48
E3 60 minutes 13 5.23
13 5.23
13 5.23
5.23
E4 75 minutes 10.25 4.15
10.5 4.22
10.5 4.22
4.18
E5 90 minutes 8 3.2
8.25 3.3
8.25 3.3
3.27
TABLE NO. 7.36
0.2% dosage of retarder, with addition of 5% cement and water.
Fo 15 minutes 5.5. 2.22

5.5 2.22
5.5 2.22
2.22
F1 30 minutes 8 3.25
8.5 3.33
8 3.25
3.28
F2 45 minutes 12.5 4.98
12.5 4.98
12.5 4.98
4.98
F3 60 minutes 13.75 5.5
14 5.51
14 5.51
5.51
F4 75 minutes 12.25 4.91
12.25 4.91
12.50 4.95
4.92
F5 90 minutes 10.5 4.2
8.5 3.4
11 4.4
4.0
TABLE NO. 7.37
Go 15 minutes 6 2.4
6.5 2.47
6 2.4
2.43
G1 30 minutes 9 3.63
9 3.63
9 3.63
3.63
G2 45 minutes 12.25 4.9
12.50 4.96
12.50 4.96
4.95
G3 60 minutes 14 5.66
14.75 5.71
14.25 5.67
5.68
G4 75 minutes 12.25 4.9
12.25 4.9
12.25 4.9
4.9
G5 90 minutes 10 3.98
10 3.98
10 3.98
3.98
TABLE NO. 7.38
Ho 15 minutes 6.25 2.48

6 2.52
6 2.52
2.5
H1 30 minutes 9.5 3.74
9.25 3.69
9.5 3.74
3.72
H2 45 minutes 12.5 4.99
12.5 4.99
12.5 4.99
4.99
H3 60 minutes 15 5.93
15 5.93
15 5.93
5.93
H4 75 minutes 12.75 5.1
12.75 5.1
12.75 5.1
5.1
H5 90 minutes 10 4.02
10 4.02
10 4.02
4.02
TABLE No. 7.39
Overall results of flexural strength for 0.2% dosage of retarder.
time in admixture of retarder decrease of flexural
mix.
water cement &
water
15 minutes 1.98 2.15 2.18 2.22 10.10 3.25
30 minutes 2.32 2.48 3.20 3.28 37.93 32.25
45 minutes 3.28 3.48 4.98 4.98 51.82 43.10
60 minutes 4.63 5.23 5.28 5.51 14.03 5.35
75 minutes 3.65 4.18 4.5 4.92 23.28 17.70
90 minutes 3.1 3.27 3.2 4.0 3.22 22.32
TABLE No. 7.40

admixture of retarder decrease of flexural
time in
minutes mix.
water cement &
water
15 minutes 1.98 2.15 2.4 2.43 21.21 13.02
30 minutes 2.32 2.48 3.6 3.63 55.17 46.37
45 minutes 3.28 3.48 4.92 4.95 50 42.24
60 minutes 4.63 5.23 5.6 5.68 20.95 8.60
75 minutes 3.65 4.18 4.82 4.90 32.05 17.22
90 minutes 3.1 3.27 3.8 3.98 28.38 21.71
TABLE No. 7.41
time in admixture of retarder decrease of flexural
mix.
water cement &
water
15 minutes 1.98 2.15 2.48 2.5 25.25 16.27
30 minutes 2.32 2.48 3.69 3.72 59.05 50
45 minutes 3.28 3.48 4.98 4.99 51.82 43.39
60 minutes 4.63 5.23 5.9 5.93 27.42 13.38
75 minutes 3.65 4.18 5.2 5.1 42.46 22.00
90 minutes 3.1 3.27 4.18 4.02 34.83 22.93
6
5.51
5.28
5.23
5 4.98 4.92
FLEXURAL STRENGTH IN MPa.
4.5
4 4 reference mix
3.65
3.48 with addition of 5% extra
3.28
3.2 3.28 3.27
3.2
3 3.1 cement &water for ref. mix
2.48
2.18
2.15
2 1.98 extra cement &water for

cement & water for 0.2%
dosage of retarder
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig. no. 7.9, Variation of flexural strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.2% dosage of
retarder
6
5.68
5.6
5.23
5 4.95
4.92 4.9
4.82

4 3.98 reference mix
3.8
3.63
3.6 3.65
3.28 3.27
3 3.1 cement &water for ref. mix
2.43
2.4 2.48
2.15
2 1.98 extra cement &water for
dosage of retarder
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig. no. 7.10, Variation of flexural strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.4% dosage of
retarder
7
6 5.99
5.93
5.23 5.2
5.1
5 4.99
4.63 reference mix
4 4.18 4.18
3.72
3.69 3.65 cement &water for ref. mix
3.48
3.28 3.27
3 3.1
2.48 2.48
2.32
2.15 extra cement &water for
2 1.98 0.6% dosage of retarder
dosage of retarder
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Fig.no. 7.11, Variation of flexural strength w.r.t different retempering time. for 0.6% dosage of
retarder
Chapter 8 DISCUSSION
OF TEST RESULTS
1) The concrete without any admixture shows maximum compressive strength, tensile strength,
flexural strength at a retempering time of 60 minutes. It is true for both concretes which are
produced by adding 5% extra cement and water and concrete without adding 5% extra cement
and water.
This may be due to the fact that the evaporated water up to 60 minute may bring down the w/c
ratio resulting in an enhanced strength.
Thus it can be concluded that the concrete without any admixture show maximum strengths at a
retempering time of 60 minutes.
2) The concrete with 0.2% dosage of retarding admixture shows 10 % increase in compressive
strength, tensile strength, flexural strength at a retempering time of 60 minutes as compare to
reference mix. It is true for both concretes which are produced by adding 5% extra cement and
water and concrete without adding 5% extra cement and water.
Thus it can be concluded that the concrete with 0.4% retarding admixture show maximum
strengths at a retempering time of 60 minutes.
3) The concrete with 0.4% dosage of retarding admixture shows 12 % increase in compressive
strength, tensile strength, flexural strength at a retempering time of 60 minutes as compare to
reference mix. It is true for both concretes which are produced by adding 5% extra cement and
water and concrete without adding 5% extra cement and water.
Thus it can be concluded that the concrete with 0.4% retarding admixture show maximum
strengths at a retempering time of 60 minutes.
4) The concrete with 0.6% admixture shows 14 % increase in compressive strength, tensile
strength, flexural strength at a retempering time of 60 minutes. It is true for both concretes which
are produced by adding 5% extra cement and water and concrete without adding 5% extra
cement and water.
ratio resulting in an enhanced strength .Thus it can be concluded that the concrete with 0.6%
retarding admixture show maximum strengths at a retempering time of 60 minutes.
This may be due to the fact that the addition of retarding admixture induce more workability
which will facilitate for full compaction and in turn this results in higher strengths.
5) Thus it can be concluded that the concrete produced with the Retarding admixture show
higher strengths than that of without admixtures for all the retempering times.
Chapter 9
CONCLUSION
1. The dosage of retarder is increased, workability (slump) of concrete increases when

subjected to the prolonged mixing.
2. The concrete without any admixture show maximum strengths at a retempering time of
60 minutes.
3. The concrete produced with addition of 5% extra cement and water yields more strength,
for all the retempering times up to 90 minutes. And for 0.2%,0.4%,0.6% dosage of
retarder.
4. The concrete with 0.2%,0.4%,0.6% dosage of retarding admixture shows 10%, 12%,
14% increase in maximum strengths as compare to reference mix at a retempering time
of 60 minute.
5. Thus instead of wasting the bulk concrete, the retempering can be recommended with the
use of retarding admixture.
Chapter 10
REFERENCE
1. M.S. Shetty, “Concrete Technology theory and practice” S. Chand and company ltd.
2. I.S.456 (2000),I.S.2386 (Part I,II,III),I.S 383(1970).
3. D. K. Kulkarni &. K. B. Prakash; (2007) “Effect of addition of more than two chemical
admixtures on the properties of retempered concrete”, NBM&CW
4. A. M. Alhozaimy, (2007); “Effect of retempering on the compressive strength of ready-

mixed concrete in hot-dry environments”, Cement & Concrete composites 29(2007) 124-
127.
5. Onderkirca, Lutfullah Turanli, Turhan Y, Erdogan, (2002); “Effects of retempering on

consistency and compressive strength of concrete subjected to prolonged mixing”,
Cement and Concrete Research 32(2002) 441-445.
6. M. Collepardi, (1998); “Admixtures Used to Enhance Placing Characteristics of

Concrete”, Cement and Concrete Composites 20 (1998) 103-112
7. A. Baskoca, M. H. Ozkul and S. Artirma;(1998) “Effect of Chemical Admixtures on

workability and strength properties of prolonged agitated concrete”, Cement and
Concrete Research Vol. 28, No. 5 pp 737-747, 1998.
8. L. Gunduz, M. Bekar, N. Sape, (2007); “Influence of a new type of additive on the

performance of polymer lightweight mortar composites”, Cement and Concrete
Composites 29 (2007), 594-602.
9. Sakir Erdogdu, (2005); “Effect of retempering with superplasticizer admixtures on slump

loss and compressive strength of concrete subjected to prolonged mixing”, Cement and
Concrete Research 35 (2005) 907-912.
10.D. Ravina and I. Soroka (1994) “ Slump loss and strength of concrete made admixtures
and subjected to prolonged mixing” cement and concrete research volume- 24,1455-
1462.
11. M. J. Hawkins (`1963) “Concrete retempering studies” The Aberdeen group volume 59.
No.1.
Kazim Yazan. (2005) “ Effect of retempering with superplastizer on properties of prolonged

mixed mineral admixture containing concrete at hot weather condition. ETD. mintu. Education
publication.

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Chapter - 1

1.2 EFFECT OF PROLONGED MIXING ON CONCRETE

1.3 EFFECT OF RETEMPERING ON PROLONGED MIXING

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF WORK

1.6 OUTLINE OF PROJECT:

Color Dark brown/black liquid

Specific gravity 1.18 ± 0.01

Choride content Nil

Nitrate content Nil

Flash point Not applicable

4.1 TEST RESULTS OF CEMENT:-

 Test conducted as per IS 4031 : 1988 (6)

The percentage of bulking for the given sand sample is 14%.

4.4 SIEVE ANALYSIS:

Fineness modulus for find sand – 2.2 to 2.6

Fineness Modulus = sum of cumulative percentage retained /100

20 M.S.A. (20 mm / 12 mm Metal)

4.6 DETERMINATION OFS PECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF

(B) For Aggregate Smaller than 10 mm

1. Specific gravity of coarse aggregate is 2.94.

5.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

Step 3: Selection of water content

Step 7: Adjustment required for water absorption and free moisture.

Actual water quantity required = 192 + 11.95 + 16.88 – 12.85 – 3.47

Actual quantity of C.A. = 1272.31 – 11.95 + 12.85

Actual quantity of F.A. = 694.92 – 16.88 + 3.47

6.1 EXPERIMENTAL WORK.

No .of Casting and

6.3 LABORATORY WHERE EXPERIMENTAL WORK IS PERFORMED

Fig. no.6.1.a. Sanjay Ghodawat Institutes concrete lab.

Fig.no. 6. 2 Grading of concrete materials

Fig.no. 6.4.a. Slump testing

Fig.no.6.5 Casting of Specimen

Fig.no. 6.6.b . Curing of Specimens

Fig.no. 6.8.Testing of Beams

Factors Affecting Workability:-

7.2 COMPRESSION TEST RESULTS:-

Bo 15 minutes 551 24.5

Co 15 minutes 587 26.1

Do 15 minutes 634.5 28.2

Fo 15 minutes 565 25.1

Go 15 minutes 616 27.1

Ho 15 minutes 670.5 29.8

30 minutes 22.25 23.2 25.66 25.40 15.32 9.48

45 minutes 25.5 24 26.8 27.48 5.09 14.5

60 minutes 27.60 25.43 28 29.33 1.44 15.33

75 minutes 23.80 22.8 24.2 25.80 1.68 13.15

90 minutes 23.50 23.2 23.8 24.22 1.27 4.39

TABLE NO. 7.18 Overall

Retempering Reference mix without with addition of 0.4% Percentage increase or

without with addition without with addition without with addition

25.22 25.425.5 25.43

28.42 27.6 without addition of 5%

28.44 28.8 28.4

5 with addtion of 5% extra

7.3 SPLIT TENSILE TEST RESULT:-

TABLE NO. 7.20

Ao 15 minutes 110 3.5

TABLE NO. 7.21

Bo 15 minutes 151 4.8

Co 15 minutes 151 4.8

Do 15 minutes 157 5.0

Eo 15 minutes 135 4.3