9

9
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Of the three types of parenting styles that Baumrind researched, the __________ parenting style
seems to produce children who are more socially competent.
A. authoritative
B. permissive
C. authoritarian
D. good-enough
2. The "typical" adoption in the United States since the 1970s is due to
A. the development of the birth control pill.

B. the legalization of abortion.
C. the decline in unplanned births.
D. all of the above
3. The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to
______, which have little to do with true biological differences.
A. class roles
B. religious roles
C. gender roles
D. all of the above
4. The major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is
A. school.
B. church.
C. family.
D. day care.
5. Two important aspects of U.S. parents' socialization of their children include
A. provision of physical and emotional support.

B. teaching both dependence on and independence from the family.
C. religious and secular training.
D. provision for emotional support and exercise of control.
6. The best parents (that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially
competent) perform three tasks well: they set clear standards, they enforce standards
consistently without harsh punishment, and they __________.
A. spend a lot of money on their children

B. provide substantial emotional support
C. put the marital relationship as a second priority to the parental relationship for many years
D. reason with their children
7. An important difference between working-class and middle-class parents with respect to

socialization is
A. that working-class parents tend to stress independence and curiosity.

B. that working-class parents tend toward permissive parenting.
C. that middle-class parents are more likely to stress authority and conformity.
D. that working-class parents stress qualities that will allow their children to enter blue-collar jobs
and middle-class parents stress qualities that will allow their children to enter white-collar jobs.
8. In the United States each class socializes its children to:
A. respect conformity.
B. understand the value of obedience.
C. fit the same kinds of job positions they themselves have.
D. choose a different religious preference.
9. The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that
A. two-thirds of the children adopted have a disability

B. a significant portion of adopted children are foreign born
C. sixty percent of foreign-born children were from Asian countries
D. all of the above
10. Recent research on fathering suggests that:
A. father involvement is inconsequential for the healthy development of children.

B. father involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters.
C. higher involvement reduces the divorce rate.
D. the greater increase in children born outside of marriage is related to the father role.
11. In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder and
Conger found that fathers in these families
A. were more likely to commit suicide.

B. deserted their wives and children.
C. were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children.
D. served as the strength of the family.
12. About half of the disadvantages of living in a single- parent family are due to
A. the sense of relative deprivation these families experience.

B. low income.
C. lack of supervision.
D. inability to work for pay.
13. On the basis of available research findings, which of the following is not an influence fathers have
on their children's lives?
A. rough and tumble play

B. indirect influence
C. subtle influence
D. direct influence
14. The few, and admittedly biased, studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to
heterosexual families show that
A. there are substantial differences between the two.

B. there is little significant difference between the two.
C. there are differences for boys but not girls in the homosexual families.
D. there are differences for girls but not boys in the homosexual families.
15. Families that maintain continual contact with each other though they live in different countries are
called
A. transnational families
B. immigrant caregivers
C. migrant families
D. immigrant families
16. People surveyed in 2003 believed what percentage of children lived in poverty:
A. 30%.
B. 10%.
C. 35%
D. 50%
17. Socialization of children is closely correlated with:
A. interest of the parents in the children.

B. cultural norms and values.
C. mothers working outside the home.
D. parents' awareness of their children's personality changes.
18. Studies on the effects of unemployment on families have shown that
A. unemployment does not affect families in any ways other than economically.
B. unemployment affects only the out-of-work parent.
C. unemployment places stress on parents who then often act hostile toward their children.
D. unemployment has no affect whatsoever on the children.
19. Matching Quiz
1. emotional support but little or no authoritarian

control parenting style ____
2. raise their children to actively enhance
their talents and opinions androgynous ____
3. low support with coercive control values ____
4. goals and principles held in high permissive
esteem by a society parenting style ____
5. make a difference in children's live working-class
through play and emotional regulation families ____
6. widely accepted rules about how
people should behave norms ____
7. behavior that has characteristics of both
genders fathers ____
8. focus their childrearing on obedience middle-class
and conformity families ____
9. extremely high rates of imprisonment,
particularly of African American males mass incarceration ____
10. high level of emotional support with authoritative
inductive control parenting style ____
20. Based on sociological and psychological research, "sparing the rod" spoils the child.
True False
21. Adult gender roles are far more distinctive than any biological differences between the sexes
might warrant.
True False
22. In the United States, there is a distinct class difference in how parents raise their children.
True False
23. Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting.
True False
24. In the United States, parents treat sons and daughters differently.
True False
25. Associations between having a single parent and poor child outcomes such as delinquency are
stronger in African American families than in white families.
True False
26. Children in persistently poor families show surprising resilience and are no more anxious and
depressed than other children.
True False
27. Conservative Protestant fathers were less likely to spend time hugging, praising and more time
yelling at their children than were fathers from "mainline" protestant groups.
True False
28. The grandmother's role in transnational families may be stronger, in general, than in European-
American families.
True False
29. Children in America experience more changes to the compositions of their households than do
children in any other Western nation.
True False
30. Based on current research, one can safely conclude that children raised in gay and lesbian
homes do not exhibit any greater symptoms of mental distress than children raised in
heterosexual homes.
True False
31. A fourth of all adopted children in the United States were born in other countries.
True False
32. The sexual orientation of the mother does not necessarily appear to affect psychosexual
development of children.
True False
33. Fathers in families under economic pressure were more likely to lack energy, interest and be
depressed than were their wives.
True False
34. How does being raised by same-sex parents affect children?
35. Describe the three styles of parental behavior analyzed by psychologist Diana Baumrind. Which
style do you intend to use if you have children? (Or which style do you use now, if you have
children?)
36. What kind of class bias may be guiding Baumrind's analysis of different parenting styles? In other
words, who determines what a "socially competent" child is? Who defines "high" self-esteem, and
so on?
37. To reach a clearer understanding of how a parent's occupation would affect his or her parenting
style, describe what you think the typical household of a physician and his or her children would
be like compared to the typical household of a textile factory worker and his or her children. In
your description, include what you think the number of children would be in each family, where
those children would attend school, who might keep preschoolers if the mother works, and how
those children might be disciplined and influenced in values, goals, and achievements.
38. Describe and explain why the adoption system in the United States has changed in the past three
or four decades.
39. How has the transformation of the U.S economy over the past few decades hurt many parents
and made child rearing more difficult?
40. Compare the well-being of U.S. children today with the well-being of U.S. children in the early
1900s.
41. Why might studies of lesbian mothers not be as scientifically accurate as other studies?
42. What distinguishing characteristics does the United States have as a society that would make its
citizens less willing to support and foster the well being of all U.S. children?
43. How do fathers influence their children's development both in the short term and the long term?
44. Why has there been a great deal of research on issues of motherhood and very little on
fatherhood? Why do you think this has happened? In your opinion, what kind of bias does this
indicate?
45. How has adoption changed in recent decades? Do you feel that these changes reflect the shifting
definition of "family" in America?
46. Do parents whose children are enrolled in daycare generally attempt to compensate for the time
they spend apart? If so, do mothers and fathers generally both compensate to the same extent?
47. Discuss how mass incarceration has had an effect on African American children.
9 Key
1. Of the three types of parenting styles that Baumrind researched, the __________ parenting
(p. 275) style seems to produce children who are more socially competent.
A. authoritative
B. permissive
C. authoritarian
D. good-enough
Cherlin - Chapter 09 #1
2. The "typical" adoption in the United States since the 1970s is due to
(p. 281)
A. the development of the birth control pill.

B. the legalization of abortion.
C. the decline in unplanned births.
D. all of the above
Scrambling: Locked.
3. The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to
(p. 277- ______, which have little to do with true biological differences.
278)
A. class roles
B. religious roles
C. gender roles
D. all of the above
4. The major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is
(p. 275)
A. school.
B. church.
C. family.
D. day care.
5. Two important aspects of U.S. parents' socialization of their children include
(p. 278-
279)
A. provision of physical and emotional support.

B. teaching both dependence on and independence from the family.
C. religious and secular training.
D. provision for emotional support and exercise of control.
6. The best parents (that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially
(p. 275) competent) perform three tasks well: they set clear standards, they enforce standards
consistently without harsh punishment, and they __________.
A. spend a lot of money on their children

B. provide substantial emotional support
C. put the marital relationship as a second priority to the parental relationship for many years
D. reason with their children
7. An important difference between working-class and middle-class parents with respect to

(p. 277) socialization is
A. that working-class parents tend to stress independence and curiosity.

B. that working-class parents tend toward permissive parenting.
C. that middle-class parents are more likely to stress authority and conformity.
D. that working-class parents stress qualities that will allow their children to enter blue-collar
jobs and middle-class parents stress qualities that will allow their children to enter white-
collar jobs.
8. In the United States each class socializes its children to:

(p. 277)
A. respect conformity.
B. understand the value of obedience.
C. fit the same kinds of job positions they themselves have.
D. choose a different religious preference.
9. The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that
(p. 282)
A. two-thirds of the children adopted have a disability

B. a significant portion of adopted children are foreign born
C. sixty percent of foreign-born children were from Asian countries
D. all of the above
10. Recent research on fathering suggests that:

(p. 279)
A. father involvement is inconsequential for the healthy development of children.

B. father involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters.
C. higher involvement reduces the divorce rate.
D. the greater increase in children born outside of marriage is related to the father role.
11. In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder
(p. 286) and Conger found that fathers in these families
A. were more likely to commit suicide.

B. deserted their wives and children.
C. were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children.
D. served as the strength of the family.
12. About half of the disadvantages of living in a single- parent family are due to
(p. 288)
A. the sense of relative deprivation these families experience.

B. low income.
C. lack of supervision.
D. inability to work for pay.
13. On the basis of available research findings, which of the following is not an influence fathers
(p. 280) have on their children's lives?
A. rough and tumble play

B. indirect influence
C. subtle influence
D. direct influence
14. The few, and admittedly biased, studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to
(p. 283- heterosexual families show that
284)
A. there are substantial differences between the two.

B. there is little significant difference between the two.
C. there are differences for boys but not girls in the homosexual families.
D. there are differences for girls but not boys in the homosexual families.
15. Families that maintain continual contact with each other though they live in different countries
(p. 293) are called
A. transnational families
B. immigrant caregivers
C. migrant families
D. immigrant families
16. People surveyed in 2003 believed what percentage of children lived in poverty:
(p. 295)
A. 30%.
B. 10%.
C. 35%
D. 50%
17. Socialization of children is closely correlated with:
(p. 276)
A. interest of the parents in the children.

B. cultural norms and values.
C. mothers working outside the home.
D. parents' awareness of their children's personality changes.
18. Studies on the effects of unemployment on families have shown that

(p. 286)
A. unemployment does not affect families in any ways other than economically.
B. unemployment affects only the out-of-work parent.
C. unemployment places stress on parents who then often act hostile toward their children.
D. unemployment has no affect whatsoever on the children.
19. Matching Quiz

(p. 275-
291)
1. emotional support but little or no authoritarian

control parenting style 3
2. raise their children to actively enhance
their talents and opinions androgynous 7
3. low support with coercive control values 4
4. goals and principles held in high permissive
esteem by a society parenting style 1
5. make a difference in children's live working-class
through play and emotional regulation families 8
6. widely accepted rules about how people
should behave norms 6
7. behavior that has characteristics of both
genders fathers 5
8. focus their childrearing on obedience middle-class
and conformity families 2
9. extremely high rates of imprisonment,
particularly of African American males mass incarceration 9
10. high level of emotional support with authoritative
inductive control parenting style 10
20. Based on sociological and psychological research, "sparing the rod" spoils the child.
(p. 275)
FALSE
21. Adult gender roles are far more distinctive than any biological differences between the sexes
(p. 278) might warrant.
TRUE
22. In the United States, there is a distinct class difference in how parents raise their children.
(p. 276-
277)
TRUE
23. Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting.

(p. 288)
FALSE
24. In the United States, parents treat sons and daughters differently.
(p. 277-
278)
TRUE
25. Associations between having a single parent and poor child outcomes such as delinquency
(p. 289) are stronger in African American families than in white families.
FALSE
26. Children in persistently poor families show surprising resilience and are no more anxious and
(p. 287) depressed than other children.
FALSE
27. Conservative Protestant fathers were less likely to spend time hugging, praising and more
(p. 278) time yelling at their children than were fathers from "mainline" protestant groups.
FALSE
28. The grandmother's role in transnational families may be stronger, in general, than in
(p. 294) European-American families.
TRUE
29. Children in America experience more changes to the compositions of their households than do
(p. 287) children in any other Western nation.
TRUE
30. Based on current research, one can safely conclude that children raised in gay and lesbian
(p. 283- homes do not exhibit any greater symptoms of mental distress than children raised in
285)
heterosexual homes.
TRUE
31. A fourth of all adopted children in the United States were born in other countries.
(p. 282)
TRUE
32. The sexual orientation of the mother does not necessarily appear to affect psychosexual
(p. 284) development of children.
TRUE
33. Fathers in families under economic pressure were more likely to lack energy, interest and be
(p. 286) depressed than were their wives.
TRUE
34. How does being raised by same-sex parents affect children?

(p. 283-
285)
Answer will vary

35. Describe the three styles of parental behavior analyzed by psychologist Diana Baumrind.
(p. 275) Which style do you intend to use if you have children? (Or which style do you use now, if you
have children?)
Answer will vary
36. What kind of class bias may be guiding Baumrind's analysis of different parenting styles? In
(p. 275) other words, who determines what a "socially competent" child is? Who defines "high" self-
esteem, and so on?
Answer will vary
37. To reach a clearer understanding of how a parent's occupation would affect his or her
(p. 275- parenting style, describe what you think the typical household of a physician and his or her
279)
children would be like compared to the typical household of a textile factory worker and his or
her children. In your description, include what you think the number of children would be in
each family, where those children would attend school, who might keep preschoolers if the
mother works, and how those children might be disciplined and influenced in values, goals,
and achievements.
Answer will vary
38. Describe and explain why the adoption system in the United States has changed in the past
(p. 281- three or four decades.
283)
Answer will vary

39. How has the transformation of the U.S economy over the past few decades hurt many parents
(p. 285- and made child rearing more difficult?
291)
Answer will vary
40. Compare the well-being of U.S. children today with the well-being of U.S. children in the early
(p. 295- 1900s.
297)
Answer will vary
41. Why might studies of lesbian mothers not be as scientifically accurate as other studies?
(p. 283-
284)
Answer will vary
42. What distinguishing characteristics does the United States have as a society that would make
(p. 295- its citizens less willing to support and foster the well being of all U.S. children?
297)
Answer will vary
43. How do fathers influence their children's development both in the short term and the long
(p. 279- term?
281)
Answer will vary

44. Why has there been a great deal of research on issues of motherhood and very little on
fatherhood? Why do you think this has happened? In your opinion, what kind of bias does this
indicate?
Answer will vary
45. How has adoption changed in recent decades? Do you feel that these changes reflect the
(p. 281- shifting definition of "family" in America?
283)
Answer will vary
46. Do parents whose children are enrolled in daycare generally attempt to compensate for the
(p. 292) time they spend apart? If so, do mothers and fathers generally both compensate to the same
extent?
Answer will vary
47. Discuss how mass incarceration has had an effect on African American children.
(p. 291)
Answer will vary

9 Summary
Category # of Questions
Cherlin - Chapter 09 47
Scrambling: Locked. 1

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A. the development of the birth control pill.

5. Two important aspects of U.S. parents' socialization of their children include

A. provision of physical and emotional support.

A. spend a lot of money on their children

7. An important difference between working-class and middle-class parents with respect to

A. that working-class parents tend to stress independence and curiosity.

8. In the United States each class socializes its children to:

9. The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that

A. two-thirds of the children adopted have a disability

10. Recent research on fathering suggests that:

A. father involvement is inconsequential for the healthy development of children.

A. were more likely to commit suicide.

A. the sense of relative deprivation these families experience.

A. rough and tumble play

A. there are substantial differences between the two.

17. Socialization of children is closely correlated with:

A. interest of the parents in the children.

18. Studies on the effects of unemployment on families have shown that

19. Matching Quiz

1. emotional support but little or no authoritarian

23. Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting.

34. How does being raised by same-sex parents affect children?

A. the development of the birth control pill.

A. provision of physical and emotional support.

A. spend a lot of money on their children

7. An important difference between working-class and middle-class parents with respect to

A. that working-class parents tend to stress independence and curiosity.

8. In the United States each class socializes its children to:

A. two-thirds of the children adopted have a disability

10. Recent research on fathering suggests that:

A. father involvement is inconsequential for the healthy development of children.

A. were more likely to commit suicide.

A. the sense of relative deprivation these families experience.

A. rough and tumble play

A. there are substantial differences between the two.

A. interest of the parents in the children.

18. Studies on the effects of unemployment on families have shown that

19. Matching Quiz

1. emotional support but little or no authoritarian

23. Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting.

34. How does being raised by same-sex parents affect children?

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #34

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #35

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #36

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #37

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #38

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #39

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #40

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #41

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #42

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #43

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 09 #44