Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A village in a tropical rainforest has cleared
US? vegetation around the houses, cultivated fish that feed
on mosquito larvae in nearby ponds, and search for
A) Cardiovascular disease
food high in zinc and vitamin A. Which of the
B) Cancer following diseases is the village most likely trying to
C) Malaria avoid?
D) Infectious diseases
A) Malaria B) Measles
E) Diabetes
C) Smallpox D) Ebola virus
2. Most of the illnesses in developing nations are E) Hepatitis B
A) relatively harmless 7. A population is given a 1 mg/kg dose of chemical A
B) sexually transmitted and suffers a 2% increase in carcinomas. Another
C) waterborne population given a 1mg/kg dose of chemical B suffers
D) airborne a 1% increase in carcinomas. A third population given
E) transmitted through skin contact a 1mg/kg dose of chemical A as well as a 1 mg/kg
dose of chemical B suffers a 40% increase in the
3. A pregnant mother imbibes alcohol while pregnant.
incidence of carcinomas. What kind of effect do
The baby is consequently born with numerous birth
chemical A and chemical B have on each other in this
defects. The alcohol in this case is a
example?
A) teratogen
A) Additive B) Multiplicative
B) hazardous chemical
C) Intensifying D) Synergistic
C) mutagen
E) Facilitating
D) carcinogen
E) endogen 8. Which of the following can be done to help preserve
and improve the health of people in developing
4. ______ cause birth defects while the human embryo countries?
is growing and developing during pregnancy.
A) Mutagens B) Carcinogens I. Encouraging mothers to move away from
C) Teratogens D) Biogens breast feeding and to rely more on formula milk
II. Increasing the availability of antibiotics on a
E) Hanta viruses
massive scale
5. Average levels of lead in blood in the United States III. Oral rehydration therapy for victims of
have fallen dramatically since the 1970s due primarily diarrheal diseases
to
A) I only B) II only
A) legislation that banned leaded paint and C) III only D) I and II only
leaded gasoline E) I, II, and III
B) the application of atomic mass selective filtering
techniques 9. Which of the following does NOT help lead to
outbreaks of infectious diseases?
C) increased effectiveness of sewage treatment
D) decreased exposure from mining A) Flooding
E) improved health care B) Increased rice cultivation
C) Migration to rural areas in developed
countries
D) Migration to rural areas in tropical developing
countries
E) Global warming
10. Which of the following infectious diseases is 13. All of the following are test subjects that scientists
currently still very deadly and killing millions of use to test acute toxicity and chronic toxicity
people each year? EXCEPT
A) Bubonic plague B) Flu viruses A) chicken egg membranes
C) Ebola virus D) Smallpox B) bacteria
E) Chicken pox C) cell and tissue cultures
11. Which of the following can be done to battle D) mice
ever-mutating infectious bacteria? E) humans
(a) For each of the types of chemical hazards below, explain what forms they are found in and how
they affect humans.
(i) Mutagens
(ii) Teratogens
(iii) Carcinogens
(b) The world is increasingly losing the battle against infectious diseases, diseases that were
previously controlled by antibiotics. Describe TWO reasons why many previously effective
antibiotics are no longer useful.
(c) Describe TWO factors that can increase the spread of transmissible diseases.
Which of the following contributes to such
malnutrition?
I. Droughts
II. Diet of inadequate caloric intake
III. Poor food distribution
A) I only B) II only
C) III only D) I and III
E) I, II and III
Answer Key
Feeding the World & Health & Toxicology
1. A 37. 55. C
2. C 56. B
3. A 57. D
4. C 58. B
5. A b) Reasons: 59. E
Spread of bacteria
6. A around the world by 60. B
7. D global trade 61. D
8. C Overuse of 62. E
antibiotics by
9. C doctors and patients 63. D
10. B Patients not taking 64. D
all of their
11. E 65. A
prescribed
12. E antibiotics 66. A
13. E Availability of
antibiotics without
14. C prescription in many
15. A countries
16. A Overuse of
pesticides
17. B Widespread use of
18. A antibiotics in
livestock and crops
19. A
38. E
20. E
39. A
21. A
40. E
22. D
41. E
23. D
42. A
24. E
43. D
25. B
44. C
26. C
45. C
27. D
46. D
28. D
47. A
29. A
48. A
30. A
49. B
31. (essay)
50. A
32. D
51. D
33. B
52. E
34. A
53. D
35. D
54. B
36. D
Answer Key
Feeding the World & Health & Toxicology
31. a. The main goal of IPM is to control crop pests, not to completely eliminate them. Pests are allowed to
exist at populations somewhat lower than the size at which they cause economic loss.
b. 1. Planting a large diversity of crops in one area, or a polyculture, lessens the chance that pests will
specialize on one species, such as in a monoculture.
2. No-till or low-till agriculture helps natural enemies of pests build up in the soil.
3. Crop rotation helps to break up insect cycles to keep populations down.
4. Once damaging pest populations are found, biological methods are used to control pests. These
methods include distributing natural pest enemies (such as predators, parasites, and diseases) across
affected areas.
5. Very small amounts of highly specific chemicals can be used as a last resort. Some of these
chemicals are targeted at slowing the development of genetic resistance and avoiding the extermination of
important pest predators.
c. Barriers to the use of IPM include:
1. IPM requires expert knowledge to be applied to each specific situation. Methods developed for a
crop in one area may not work in another location.
2. It takes longer for IPM practices to show results compared to more conventional methods that use
pesticides.
3. Initial costs may be higher, although long term costs are usually lower than conventional methods.
4. Government subsidies of chemical pesticides make using conventional methods more appealing.
5. Many farmers get their information from pesticide manufacturers/salespeople and from USDA county
farm agents, who don't have extensive knowledge of IPM methods.