EJEMPLOS RESUELTOS VARIACIÓN DEL CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD DE UN

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1. A ship displaces 10000 t and has a KG of 4.5 m.

The following cargo is worked:

Load: 120 t at Kg 6.0 m;

730 t at Kg 3.2 m.
Discharge: 68 t from Kg 2.0 m;
100 t from Kg 6.2 m.
Shift: 86 t from Kg 2.2 m to Kg 6.0 m.

Calculate the final KG.

Consider the table shown. Each weight is multiplied by its KG to give a

moments value. The sign of this value (+ or -) depends on whether the weight is
loaded or discharged. In the case of the weight that is shifted, this is simply
treated as two separate weights: one that is discharged; and another of same
weight that is loaded!

The final KG (4.459 m) is simply found using the formula:

KG (m) = MOMENTS (t-m)

DISPLACEMENT (t)

i.e. 47626.80 = 4.459 m

106882.00

2. A ship displaces 8000 tonnes, KG 7.60 m and is initially upright.

The following cargo is worked:
 Load: 300 t at Kg 0.60 m, 6.1 m to port of CL;
250 t at Kg 6.10 m, 7.6 m to stbd of CL;
Disch: 50 t from Kg 1.20 m, 4.6 m to port of CL;
500 t from Kg 12.60 m, 4.6 m to stbd of CL.

Calculate the final angle of list on completion of cargo if the KM for the final
displacement is 9.36 m.

Solution
Take moments about the keel to determine the final KG and GM.

Take moments about the centre line to determine GG H

GGH = Net listing moments = 2000 = 0.250 m

Final displacement 8000

Calculate the final list.

Tan qLIST = GGH = 0.250 = 0.10675

GMFINAL 2.342

Final list = 6.1º Port

3. A ship has a displacement of 15000 t, KG 8.6 m, KM 9.4 and is listed 6° to

starboard.
Cargo is worked as follows:
 Load 150 t at Kg 7.6 m, 5.0 m to port of CL;
Load 305 t at Kg 8.0 m, on the CL;
Load 95 t at Kg 8.0 m, 4.2 m to starboard of CL.

Calculate the final angle of list.

(Assume KM remains constant)

Solution
Calculate initial GM.

KM 9.400 m
Initial KG 8.600 m
Initial GM 0.800 m

Calculate GGH using: GGH = Tan qLIST × GM

GGH = Tan 6° × 0.800 = 0.084 m.

Take moments about the keel to determine the final KG and GM.

Take moments about the centre line to calculate final GG H.

GGH = Net listing moments = 909 = 0.058 m

Final displacement 15550

Calculate the final list.

Tan qLIST = GGH = 0.058 = 0.07030

GMFINAL 0.825
Final list = 4.0º Stbd.

4. (Method 1)
From the following details calculate the final GM and the amount of cargo to
load in each space so that the ship will complete loading upright:

Initial displacement 18000 t, KG 8.80 m, KM 9.40 m and listed 3° to starboard.

400 tonnes of cargo remains to be loaded where space is available in a tween
deck Kg 10.5 m, 7.0 m to port of CL and 10.0 m to starboard of CL.
(Assume KM remains constant).

Solution
Calculate initial GM.

KM 9.400
Initial KG 8.800
Initial GM 0.600

Calculate GGH using: GGH = Tan qLIST × GM

GGH = Tan 3° × 0.600 = 0.031 m.

Take moments about the keel to determine the final KG and GM (note that all
400 t of cargo is loaded at Kg 10.5 m so treat as a single weight!).

Taking moments about the centre line load all 400 t in the port side.

If all 400 t were loaded into the port side space the ship would complete with an
excess of 2242 t-m moments to port. Therefore some of this 400 t must now be
shifted to the space on the starboard side (a distance of 17.0 m).

2242 = w ´ d
2242 = w ´ (7.0 + 10.0)
2242 = 17w
w = 2242 = 131.9 t to shift from port to starboard
17

To complete upright:

Load 400.0 –
131.9
268.1 t port Load 131.9 t Starboard

Solution (Method 2)
Calculate initial GM.

KM 9.400
Initial KG 8.800
Initial GM 0.600

Calculate GGH using: GGH = Tan qLIST × GM

GGH = Tan 3° × 0.600 = 0.031 m.

Take moments about the keel to determine the final KG and GM (note that all
400 t of cargo is loaded at Kg 10.5 m so treat as a single weight!).

Taking moments about the centre line: Let x = cargo to load to port; (400 – x) =
cargo to load to starboard.

To complete upright:

Port moments must equal starboard moments.

Therefore: 7x = 558 + (4000 – 10x)

7x = 558 + 4000 – 10x
 7x + 10x = 558 + 4000
17x = 4558

x = 4558
17

x = 268.1 t to port

400 – 268.1 = 131.9 t to starboard

5. A ship floats at draughts Fwd 5.000 m and Aft 4.640 m. A weight is then shifted aft.
The final draughts are Fwd 4.680 m and Aft 4.960 m.
What change of trim has occurred?

Solution
Calculate the initial trim:

Aft (TA) 4.640 m

Fwd (TF) 5.000 m
Initial trim (t1) 0.360 m by the head

Calculate the final trim (t2) :

Aft (TA) 4.960 m

Fwd (TF) 4.680 m
Final trim(t2) 0.280 m by the stern

Calculate the change of trim (COT, t):

Initial trim(t1) 0.360 m by the head

Final trim (t2) 0.280 m by the stern
t 0.640 m by the STERN

The ship, initially trimmed by the head, completes trimmed by the stern.

6. A weight of 150 tonnes is moved aft by distance of 20 m. If the MCTC for the current
draught is 250 t-m determine the final trim of the ship if the initial trim was 0.20 m by
the stern.

Solution
(COT ) t (cms) = w × d = 150 × 20 = 12 cms
MCTC 250

t = 0.120 m

Initial trim(t1): 0.200 m by the stern

t: 0.120 m further by the stern
Final trim (t2) 0.320 m by STERN
7. A with LBP 160 m floats at draughts F 3.22 m and A 3.10 m. Calculate the final
draughts if 208 t is discharged from a position 118 m foap given that TPC is 32, MCTC
is 306 t-m and LCF is 88 m foap.

Fig. 12.24

Solution
Calculate the rise

Rise T = w = 208 = 6.5 cms = 0.065 m

TPC 32

Calculate the change of trim (t)

(‘d’ is the distance that the weight is discharged from the LCF)

t = w × d = 208 × (118 - 88) = 20.4 cms

MCTC 306

da = 88 × 20.4 = 11.2 cms = 0.112 m

160

df = t - da = 20.4 - 11.2 = 9.2 cms = 0.092 m

Weight is discharged from forward of the LCF so the ship will trim by the STERN.

Calculate the final draughts

Initial draughts F 3.220 A 3.100

T - 0.065 - 0.065
3.155 3.035
Trim - 0.092 + 0.112
FINAL F 3.063 m A 3.147 m
8. A ship LBP 152 m is floating at draughts F 4.60 m A 5.46 m. How much ballast water
must be transferred from the aft peak tank (lcg 2 m foap) to the fore peak tank (lcg 150
m) in order to reduce the trim by the stern to 0.50 m if the MCTC is 156 t-m.

Solution
Calculate the initial trim

TA 5.46
TF 4.60
t1 0.86 m by the stern

Calculate the change of trim required

Initial trim 0.86 m by the stern

Required trim 0.50 m by the stern
t required 0.36 m by the HEAD = 36 cms

t (cms) = w×d 36 = w × (150 - 2)

MCTC 156

36 × 156 = w w = 37.9 tonnes to transfer

148