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Review:
What are valence electrons? _____________
What is the octet rule? __________
What are cations and anions? ______________
What is electronegativity? _________________
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A Crystal is regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or
molecules.
Properties of Crystals:
Strong attractive forces, high melting point, very hard and
brittle, i.e. NaCl – cube shaped, 800°C.
Compounds are represented by formulas. For example:
NaCl – (sodium chloride) table salt
CuO (copper II oxide)
Fe2O3 – rust
H2O – water
2
K. + K. + :O K+ + K+ + O2-
CP: Guided Practice: p.193, 9,10 TP p. 131, 5.3 and 5.4
Ionic Charges:
Group 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons – cations. Their
ionic charge is positive and equal to their group number.
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Step 2) Write the charge (oxidation #) for the elements or
polyatomic ions.
Step 3) Drop the + or – sign, then criss-cross down the
number only.
Step 4) Reduce the subscript if necessary
Step 5) Write the final answer.
Ex: Sodium Oxide
Na+1 O-2 Na2O
Important Vocabulary
5
Hydrates: When water molecules are chemically bonded
to ionic cpds. CuSO4 . 5 H2O (copper(II) sulfate
pentahydrate).
.
Gypsum (buildings) CaSO4 2H2O
Applied Chemistry :
Hygroscopic substances - ionic substances that absorb
water from the air. Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Deliquescent – substances that take enough water from
the air to become liquids by dissolving completely.
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have high melting points due to the attractions
between the positive and negative charges. (above
300°C)
dissolve in water and conducts electricity
(electrolytes). Electrolytes are compounds that
conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in
water.
KCl, CuSO4 , NaCl, NaHCO3
(salt sub., pools, salt, baking soda)
Representative Unit is a Formula Unit