Abstract Book Appicon 2017

IJPPAZ 61 (5) (2017) ISSN 0019-5499
Volume 61 - Number 5 - Supplement 2017
Indian .Journal of
Physiology
and
Pharmacology
The official Journal of the Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
(Official Journal of Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India)
EDITORS
Dr. K. K. Deepak
Dr. Neelam Vaney Dr. Thirumurthy Velpandian
Executive Editor,
Editor (Physiology) Editor (Pharmacology)
Professor and Head,
Director Professor, Ocular Pharmacology Dr. R.P. Centre
Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, for Ophthalmic Sciences
All India Institute of Medical University College of Medical All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Sciences, NEW DELHI – 110 029
Sciences, (University of Delhi) New Delhi - 110 029
Tel.: 011-26593583, 011-26594812
New Delhi - 110095 Tel.:+91-11-26593162, Fax:+91-11-26588919
E-mail : exec.editor@ijpp.net.in E-mail: phsyiol.editor@ijpp.net.in E-mail: pharmacol.editor@ijpp.net.in
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Dr. Ashok Kumar Jaryal Dr. Om Lata Bhagat Dr. Rajani Mathur
Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology,
AIIMS, AIIMS, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical
New Delhi – 110 029 Jodhpur - 342 005, Sciences & Research,, Pushp Vihar,
New Delhi - 110 017
Rajasthan
Dr. Farah Khaliq
Professor, Department of Physiology,
University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital,
Delhi University, DELHI
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Dr. Dinu S. Chandran Dr. Nabanita Halder
Department of Physiology, Ocular Pharmacology and
AIIMS, Pharmacology Division,
New Delhi – 110 029 Dr. R. P. Centre, AIIMS,
New Delhi – 110 029
ADVISORY BOARD
N. G. Asp, Lund, Sweden Madanmohan, Puducherry, India
R. L. Bijlani, New Delhi, India U. Nayar, New Delhi, India
Asis Das, Kolkata, India W. Selvamurthy, New Delhi, India
M. Ito, Saitama, Japan 0. P. Tandon, New Delhi, India
D. J. A. Jenkins, Toronto, Canada 0. N. Tripathi, Lucknow, India
A. Kuruvilla, Coimbatore, India
Secretariat:-
Department of Physiology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
Ansari Nagar, NEW DELHI - 110 029.
Website : www.ijpp.com
Mobile : 91 – 11 – 32017478 (Working hours)
Email : exec.editor@ijpp.net.in
Published by: Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research,
Puducherry-605006.
Proceedings of
63nd Annual Conference of

Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
Edited by
Editorial Group, APPICON 2017
Based on Research Presentations at the APPICON

2017
heldat Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
Medical Education and research, Puducherry
From 12th to 14th October 2017

Volume 61 - No. 5 (Supplement) -2017
Published by:- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical

Education and Research, Puducherry
Registered with Registrar of Newspapers for India under No. 6271/61

Volume -- 61 Number -- 5 Supplement 2017
Contents Page No.

1. Plenary Lectures 1-2
2. Key note address 3
3. Symposium Abstracts 4-27
4. APPI Awards 28-34

 Maj. Gen S L Bhatia Oration Award
 Prof. Baldev Singh Oration Award
 B K Anand Research Prize
 Prof. R C Shukla Oration Award
 C L Malhotra Research Prize
 H H Loesheke Research Prize
 Dev Raj Bajaj Research Prize
 Best Teacher Award
 A V Tilak Parvathi Devi Prize
 Best Branch Award
 Lifetime Achievement Award
5. R Srinivasan PG Award 35-41
6. Harish Gupta UG Award 42-43
7. Research Papers Oral Presentation 44-104
8. Research Papers Poster Presentation 105-236

Plenary Lectures
Plenary Lecture 1: PL/01
Translational Research using Yoga measures were sleep diary, Pittsburgh sleep
Nidra: Model for Chronic Insomnia quality index, insomnia severity index,
depression anxiety stress scales and pre
Karuna Datta1, Manjari Tripathi2, sleep arousal scale. Baseline
Hrudananda Mallick2 polysomnography (PSG) was done for all
patients. Repeat PSG was done in patients
1
Present affiliation: Department of Sports who consented for it.
Medicine, AFMC Pune, work was done at
AIIMS New Delhi as PhD scholar, 2 AIIMS Results: 10 patients completed the
New Delhi. intervention. After yoga nidra intervention,
we found significant improvement in total
Introduction: Various complementary and sleep time, sleep onset latency , WASO ,
alternative medicine have been tried for sleep quality , insomnia severity , and pre
insomnia.Yoga nidra is an ancient technique sleep arousal scale after yoga nidra. There
by which sages used to sleep.Yoga nidrahas was a significant increase in N3 sleep on
been used as a therapeutic option with no PSG.
documented side effects. There was a felt
need to assess yoga nidra as a therapeutic Conclusions: Yoga nidra can be used as an
option and developa model for its use in important adjunct in management of
chronic insomnia patients. chronic insomnia patients.
Material and methods: The principal author Acknowledgements: The authors

visited Bihar school of Yoga, Munger, India acknowledge the support of Bihar School of
and attended sessions of yoga nidra. Yoga Munger, Bihar, India and sleep
Permission to use yoga nidra for chronic technicians in the sleep lab in completing
insomnia patients was taken. She had this study.
discussions with the teachers and doctor in
the school. She also did sessions herself
under supervision while in to help planning
for the patients subsequently. Planning of
the session was done keeping these
discussions in mind. Yoga nidra intervention
was done using pre-recorded audio CD on
yoga nidra© from the school which are
available on sale. Planning of the model
included assessment of participants for
readiness and voluntary participation and
conducting supervised sessions. Outcome
rd
63 Annual National Conference of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, APPICON2017,
Organized by Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry. 1
Plenary Lecture 2 : PL/02 early hospital and clinical services exposures
sensitize students to the basics of their
Integrated Curricula in Medical future role. In second year, integration can
Education: Benefits and Challenges be started after 6 months of a foundation
period where the basics of general
Dr. Latika Mohan pathology, general microbiology and general
pharmacology are taught with horizontal
Professor and Head, Dept of Physiology, integration, cutting redundancies. In
AIIMS, Rishikesh. addition, the students are introduced to the
hospital and to basics of history taking and
While designing a curriculum, goals which
clinical examination. Next three and a half
will describe the behaviors a student will
years, a modular competency based
exhibit upon graduation and later on in life
curriculum is introduced with vertical
have to be defined. The role model for most
integration between pre, para, and clinical
Indian medical students is a tertiary care
disciplines. Certain skill based competencies
subspecialist who is practicing in an urban
reserved for internship should also be
well equipped referral hospital, whereas the
included in the MBBS course before the final
need of the country is to have more primary
prof examination, as most of internship time
care physicians who are confident practicing
is utilized for PG entrance preparation. For
in a resource poor rural location. In
integration of all elements in these modules
addition,there is an information explosion
if adequate faculty is not available, e-
and with the wide availability of internet
learning technology and simulation can be
and technology and the manner in which
utilized and factored into the modules. A
young students learn is very different from
blueprint curriculum, defined with adequate
as it was in previous years. Medical
amount of flexibility and robustness, with
curriculum in India is in dire need of reform,
nodal trained personnel to implement and
along with the way it is implemented.
monitor is the need of the hour.
Integrated teaching has been adopted by
most medical schools worldwide. Some of
the methods utilized and lessons learnt from
the west are discussed. Vertical integration
between basic sciences and clinical medicine
has been shown to achieve deeper learning,
stimulate reflection on biomedical
principles, stimulate clinical research and
improve motivation. In India most medical
colleges follow traditional curricula and
there is very little interdisciplinary
interaction. An attempt is made here to
discuss integrated teaching and its feasibility
in the Indian medical education. A model is
proposed where in first year of basic
sciences teaching provides buffer period and
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Keynote Address
Keynote Address 1 :
MicroRNAs in Diabetic Heart: from Biomarker to Target for Therapy
Dr. Rajesh Katare
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, New Zealand.
Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is often unrecognized in the subclinical stage due to absence of
pathognomonic signs, thereby restricting timely diagnosis and management of disease.
Identifying early modulators of disease will not only help in early detection of disease, but also
allow sufficient time for optimization of treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRs) are gaining
popularity as diagnostics and key regulators in the pathophysiology of several diseases including
cardiovascular diseases. However, the diagnostic potential and pathophysiological role of miRs in
DHD is still unrecognized. In this seminar I will provide an overview of our pre-clinical and clinical
studies aiming to establish the pathophysiological role of cardiovascular enriched microRNAs
(miR-15a/b, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-499, miR-126 and miR-132) in accelerating the heart
disease in diabetics. Promising results suggest the clinical translation is no more a dream!
rd
Symposium Abstracts
SYMPOSIUM 1: Physiological SHA/01

Response of Low Landers in high
altitude condition Effect of Intermittent Normobaric
Hypoxia Exposure (IHE) on Physiologic
Speakers: Adjustment and Acute Mountain
Sickness (AMS) during Rapid Ascent to
1. Effect of Intermittent Normobaric High Altitude
Hypoxia Exposure (IHE) on Physiologic
Adjustment and Acute Mountain G. Bhaumik, D. Das, D. Ghosh, H. Kumar
Sickness (AMS) during Rapid Ascent to
High Altitude Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied
Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-
Dr G. Bhaumik, Defence Institute of 110054, India.
Physiology and Allied Sciences,
Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi- High altitude ( H A) is defined as
110054, India. anelevation of 9000 ft and above. At this
height most of the people develop acute
2. Predicting Susceptibility to High mountain sickness (AMS) and if it is
Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) untreated this may lead to high altitude
pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high altitude
Dr. R. K. Gupta, Defence Institute of cerebral edema (HACE), both are
Physiology and Allied Sciences, potentially life threatening. AMS occurs
Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi- on rapid ascent ascend to high altitude
110054, India. and is characterized by headache,
anorexia, nausea, fatigue, dizziness,
3. Sleep Architecture in Indian and insomnia etc. Acclimatization by staging or
Kyrgyz Low Landers at High Altitude temporarily residing at moderate altitude
prior to ascending to higher altitude
Dr. Koushik Ray, Defence Institute of reduces the incidence and severity of AMS
Physiology and Allied Sciences, and found to be effective. Different
Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi- pharmacological interventions are also in
110054, India. use to reduce AMS but they have their
own side effects. An alternative non-
4. Time-Dependant Effects of High pharmacological approach to induce
Altitude Hypoxia on Brain Functions in acclimatization (pre-conditioning) and
Unacclimatized Lowlanders reduce the incidence of AMS is use
Intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE). In
Dr. Usha Panjwani, Additional Director, this laboratory, the IHE study was
Divisional Head, Applied Physiology conducted on human subjects and IHE was
Division, Defence Institute of given at sea level at 12% FiO2 (altitude air
Physiology and Allied Sciences, equivalent 4350m) for 4 hrs per day for 4
Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi- consecutive days. On the fifth day,
110054, India. subjects were airlifted to Leh (altitude
3500m), Western Himalayas by
pressurized aircrafts. Different
physiological parameters like AMS score
rd
(Lake Louise Score), pulse arterial oxygen subjects. Baseline Ppa and plasma HIF 1
saturation (SaO2), ventilator parameters alpha levels were high in HAPE-S subjects
like ventilation, oxygen consumption, and compared to control. Acute hypoxia
ventilator drive were recorded on daily produced an exaggerated increase in heart
basis for six consecutive days. On day one rate (p<0.05), mean arterial pressure
at HA, 60% of control group suffered from (p<0.05) and Ppa (p<0.05) and fall in
AMS whereas IHE group treated group peripheral oxygen saturation (p<0.05) in
showed only 10%. IHE treated group also HAPE-S compared to control. Receiver
showed the significant increase in SaO2, operating characteristic (ROC) curves
ventilation and ventilatory drive. These showed that Ppa response to acute
results suggest that modest physiological hypoxia was the best variable to identify
adjustments by IHE for 4 hrs per day for 4 HAPE susceptibility (AUC 0.92) but HIF 1
days significantly reduces the incidence of alpha levels provided comparable
AMS during rapid ascent to high altitude at information (AUC 0.87). HIF 1 alpha levels
3500m. are easy to determine and may represent
an important marker for the
SHA/02 determination of HAPE susceptibility
Predicting Susceptibility to High SHA/03

Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
Sleep architecture in Indian and
1 1
Poonam Soree , Rajinder K. Gupta , Kyrgyz low landers at high altitude
Krishan Singh1, Koundinya Desiraju2,
Anurag Agrawal2, Praveen Vats1, Abhishek Koushik Ray, Praveen Vats1, Krishna
Bharadwaj1,T. P. Baburaj1, Pooja Kishore1, Supriya Saini1, Debojyoti
Chaudhary1, Vijay Singh1, Saroj K Verma1, Bhattacharyya1, Bhuvnesh Kumar1, Akpay
Amir Chand Bajaj1, Usha Panjwani1, Sarybaev2, ShashiBala Singh1
ShashiBala Singh1.
1
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied
1
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and
Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India, Development Organization, Ministry of
2
CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrated Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-
2
Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India. 110054, Kyrgyz Indian Mountain
Biomedical Research Centre Togolok
Exaggerated pulmonary pressor response Moldo Str 3, Bishkek-720040, Kyrgyz
to hypoxia is a pathgonomic feature Republic.
observed in high altitude pulmonary
edema (HAPE) susceptible individuals. It Background: High-altitude (HA)
was investigated whether chronic hypoxia environments have adverse effects on the
mediated vascular remodeling can cause normal body functioning of people
baseline elevated pulmonary artery accustomed to living at low altitudes
pressure and exaggerated pulmonary because of the change in pertial pressure
vascular response to hypoxia and could of oxygen. Sustained exposure to hypoxia
improve identification of HAPE susceptible has adverse effects on body weight,
subjects. We studied baseline HIF 1 alpha muscle structure and exercise capacity,
levels, baseline hemodynamics and the mental functioning, and sleep quality. The
response to hypoxia (FIo2 = 0.12 for 30 min changes in sleep pattern at high altitude
duration at sea level) in HAPE resistant (no are probably related to oxygenation of the
past history of HAPE, Control) and HAPE sleep related centres on the brain.
susceptible (past history of HAPE, HAPE-S)
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Objective: In the present study quality and is scanty information about the time-
quantity of different component of sleep dependent effects of residence at HA in
was evaluated at an altitude of 3200m in unacclimatized lowlanders
two different ethnic populations.
Material and methods: 20 Indian and 20 Objective The present study aimed to
Kyrgyz soldiers participated in the study. evaluate the effect of residence at high
Overnight sleep recording was carried out altitude on brain functions
on sea level, 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th nights at
HA and after de-induction. Methods The study was conducted in
Results:Sleep latency and REM latency normal healthy unacclimatized lowlanders
were increasing from day 1 of exposure of the Indian army in the age group 20-30
but significantly higher (p<0.001) on 7th years. Sleep profile, Event related
day in both the groups. In Kyrgyz it comes potentials, P300 and Contingent negative
to near baseline value after 14st day and variation (CNV), Cerebral blood volume,
after de-induction but in Indian sleep Spatial working memory (SWM), Choice
latency and REM latency were still reaction time (CRT) and Paired Associate
significantly higher (p<0.001) after 14 days learning (PAL) were evaluated at sea level
than baseline. Deep sleep (N3) and REM (Pathankot), within 7 days of induction to
sleep were significantly reduced from day 14500 ft (Loma), after 1 month and after 6
1 in both the groups and further reduced months of residence at 14500 ft (Fukche)
significantly (p<0.001) till 14th day but in the Western Himalayas.
maximum reduction (p<0.001) were
observed on 7th day than baseline. Results There was an increase in sleep
Conclusion: From the results it may be latency, % Wake and number of
concluded that the overall sleep awakenings and decrease in sleep
architecture was disturbed in both the efficiency at 7 days and after 1 month but
ethnic groups but Kyrgyz soldiers were values recovered partly at 6 months of
faster in sleep acclimatization than residence. A reduction in mean correct
Indians. responses of CRT and increased number of
errors in SWM and PAL was observed at 7
Keywords: Sleep, High Altitude, REM,
days and 1 month but values partly
NREM
recovered at 6 months at HA. Event
related potential P300 showed an increase
SHA/04 in P3 latency and CNV showed an
increased M1 peak latency at 7 days but
Time-Dependant Effects of High showed the same trend at 6 months.
Altitude Hypoxia on Brain Functions in There was an increase in Cerebral blood
Unacclimatized Lowlanders volume at HA at 7 days as compared to
sea level but values recovered partly after
UshaPanjwani, K Ray, K Kishore, J Prasad, S 1 month and further recovered after 6
Kumar months of residence at HA . Conclusion
High altitude exposure (14500 ft) altered
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied brain functions at HA in a time dependent
Sciences, Defence Research and manner. Further follow up studies up to 2
Development Organization, Ministry of years at HA and on de-induction will give
Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi- leads on appropriate tenure of posting at
110054. HA.
Background: Brain functions are Key words: High altitude, Sleep, Cognitive
compromised at high altitude (HA). There functions, ERP, P300, CNV
rd
SYMPOSIUM 2: Nano particle - Role in nano-photothermal agents (in clinical
Current Medical Practice research) for cancer treatment are non-
biodegradable and can’t be completely
Speakers: cleared from the body, limiting their
usage. We have designed a biodegradable
1. Nanoparticle Clearance in analogue that is efficient for photothermal
Translational Cancer Theranostics therapy of cancer and also gets cleared
from the physiological system at ease. This
Dr. Aravind Kumar Rengan, Assistant nano-system holds great promise in
Professor, Department of Biomedical translational research towards
Engineering, Indian Institute of improvement in patient healthcare.
Technology, Hyderabad.
SNM/02
2. Disease-responsive Drug Delivery: An
Emerging Concept for the Treatment Disease-responsive Drug Delivery: An
of Inflammatory Diseases Emerging Concept for the Treatment
of Inflammatory Diseases
Dr. Praveen Kumar Vemula, Institute
of stem cell Biology and Regenerative Dr. Praveen Kumar Vemula, Institute of
Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, stem cell Biology and Regenerative
Karnataka. Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka.
3. A Trilayer Model for Studying the A significant leap in drug delivery is an

Interplay between Human Retinal autonomous system that titrates the
Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial amount of drug released in response to a
cells disease, for instance, inflammation,
ensuring the drug is released only when
Dr. Subbulakshmi Chidambaram, needed at therapeutically relevant
Department of Biochemistry and concentration. Diseases have inherently
Molecular biology, Pondicherry fluctuated in nature such as inflammatory
University, Puducherry. and autoimmune diseases, in particular,
pose an enormous challenge to deliver
SNM/01 drugs in safe, efficient and compliant
manner. In what follows we will take a
Nanoparticle Clearance in brief look at current approaches about
Translational Cancer Theranostics nanotechnology-based therapeutics and
with examples taken from our work to
Dr. Aravind Kumar Rengan, Assistant examine how disease-responsive
Professor, Department of Biomedical biomaterials have developed to i) improve
Engineering, Indian Institute of the lifetime of the transplanted organs
Technology, Hyderabad. and ii) inflammation-targeted drug
delivery to alleviate inflammatory bowel
In the field of cancer theranostics, there diseases
are many nanoparticles that are being
researched for their potency in imaging
(diagnosis) and therapeutics. The current
rd
SNM/03 culture lost the characteristic
morphological features
A Trilayer Model for Studying the whileARPE19/AM/HUVEC culture was
Interplay between Human Retinal intact. Secretion of VEGF in the insert
Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial grown bilayer of hCEC/hRPE was
significantly higher (22 pg/ml) than the
cells
hCEC monolayer (3 pg/ml).DMSO
Karthikka Palanisamy1,2, Subbulakshmi treatment followed by FITC dextran
Chidambaram1§ , 1R.S. Metha Jain permeability studies showed that
Department of Biochemistry and Cell hRPE/hCEC system could be modulated to
Biology, Vision Research Foundation, mimic the disease conditions. Further, the
Chennai, India, 2School of Chemical and model was treated with 100 ng/ml of
Biotechnology, SASTRA University, VEGF, which increased the permeability of
§
Thanjavur, India, Department of bilayer for 20 kDa FITC dextran while
Biochemistry and Molecular biology, addition of bevacizumab reversed the
Pondicherry University, Puducherry. effect.
Background: The microenvironment of Conclusion: The transwell insert based
outer retina is largely regulated by Retinal primary hRPE/hCEC bilayer model would
pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. be anideal system for studying the disease
Damage to either of these layers lead to mechanisms and the crosstalk between
the development of age related macular RPE and Choroid. This model will also be
degeneration (AMD). A simplified cell useful in screening small molecules and
culture model that mimics the RPE/Bruch’s performing drug permeability kinetics.
membrane (BM)/Choroidal layers of the
posterior segment of the eye will be of
great importance in elucidating the
molecular mechanism of disease SYMPOSIUM 3: Role of Physiologist in
progression. Therefore, in this study, we Sleep Medicine
characterized an in vitro primary culture
model of RPE/BM/Choroid based on Speakers:
human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE)
and choroidal endothelial cells (hCEC). 1. New technology to study Sleep, Sleep
Methods: Three cadaver eyes aged 32, 35 Medicine and Role of Physiologist
and 42 years were used for the isolation of
primary cells. We have optimized RPE Tripat Deep Singh, International Sleep
explant culture for maximum yield of Specialist (World Sleep Federation
human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Program) Singapore
Human microvascular choroidal
endothelial cells were isolated using 2. Sleep Medicine and Role of Physiologist
collagenase and anti-CD31 beads. The duo -Pondicherry Institute of Medical
of hRPE/hCEC and HUVEC/ARPE19 cells Science Model
were grown on either side of amniotic
membrane (AM) or0.4µm polycarbonate Dr. Subhasis Das, Professor and Head,
transwell inserts. Permeability assay was Pondicherry Institute of Medical
done using 4 kDa and 20 kDa FITC Dextran. Science, Puducherry.
Results: The isolated primary cells
expressed the endothelial and epithelial
specific markers. EGM2 medium enhanced
the yield of hRPE cells from RPE explants.
Intriguingly, hRPE/AM/hCEC trilayer
rd
3. Opportunities in India- “Role of Indian and Kleitman Classified Sleep into NREM
Society for Sleep Research” and REM. In 1968, Rechtschaffen and
Kales developed the first manual giving
Dr. H. N. Mallick, Professor of Physiology, rules for Sleep Staging based on EEG, EOG
AIIMS, New Delhi, President Indian and Chin EMG. But this manual covered
Society for sleep Research. only sleep staging and did not cover
abnormal events during sleep. In 2007,
Sleep is a universal phenomenon and it American Academy of Sleep Medicine
occurs in humans as well as animals. (AASM) published a manual for scoring
Investigators study different aspects of sleep and associated events including
Sleep with help of different technologies, Respiratory events, movement events,
like- arousals and Cardiac events.
Quantificatio Sleep Quality of Sleep Circadian Sleep Sleep-Wake

n of Sleep - Staging Sleep and Rhythm of Disorders Neurophysiolog
Bed time, Driving Sleep and y
Wake UP Wakefulne
Time, Total ss
Sleep and
Wake Time
PSG PSG PSG PSG- Actigraphy PSG Lesion Studies
Sleep Peripher Cardio- MWT Wearable Home Sleep Cell recordings
wearables al pulmonar Phone devices Testing c-fos
Phone app’s Arterial y apps Phone PAT Axon tracing
Under the Tonomet Coupling App’s Neck Worn Optogenetics
mattress ry (PAT) Cyclic Devices Chemogenetics
devices Compute Alternatin Suprasterna CRISPR-Cas
r Assisted g Pattern l pressure
Transducer
In India, Sleep is taught in Undergraduate This manual has been revised several
Medical curriculum for 1 hr only and Sleep times and the latest revised manual was
disorders are not taught at all. The released on 1st April 2017.
awareness of Sleep disorders among the
general public is low as well. International Classification of Sleep
Disorders (ICSD) was published in 1990
For this symposium, I have chosen to and revised again in 1997. It was totally
discuss how the technology required to revised in 2005 with publishing of 2nd
evaluate Sleep and Sleep problems edition of ICSD.In 2014, AASM released
evolved from ultra-specialization to ICSD 3rd edition which is built on the
managing sleep disorders at home to our foundation laid by the ICSD 2nd edition
phones becoming the sleep testers. released in 2005. ICSD is a result of over
100 American Task force members and
Historical Perspective international members’ hard work.
ICSD second edition had removed the axial
Interest in Sleep increased with discovery system of the previous ICSD 1st edition and
of EEG by Hans Berger in 1924. In 1936, limited its scope to the diagnostic criteria.
Loomis classified Sleep into Five stages- A-
E. In 1950, Aserinsky and Kleitman It also listed only one set of criteria to
discovered REM Sleep. In 1957, Dement apply universally. The ICSD 3rd edition has
rd
maintained the seven major sections to limitations of RDI/AHI, it is still the best
initially classify the sleep disorders. These indicator that we have to study OSA.
include Insomnia, Sleep- related breathing
disorders, Central disorders of It is known now that OSA can be caused by
hypersomnolence, Circadian rhythm sleep- several factors like abnormal arousal
wake disorders, Parasomnias, Sleep- threshold, altered loop gain, abnormal
related movement disorders and other activity of upper airway muscles besides
sleep disorders. Since much scientific anatomical reasons. An attempt is being
evidence is still lacking, the ICSD 3rd edition made to study each of these factors in
recommends allowing some clinical individual patients and personalize the
judgment while establishing diagnosis by therapy based on that. But the current
meeting all of the defining criteria. ICSD-3 technology to measure above
specifically distinguishes the pediatric parametersis not routinely available and is
obstructive sleep apnea. present in research settings only.
Technology and Sleep Disorders Several observational studies have shown

association between OSA and
For this section I will limit the discussion to Cardiovascular morbidity. Marin etal
use of technology to study Obstructive (2005) have shown that if you treat
Sleep Apnea. In 1956, Burwell and moderate to severe OSA with CPAP,
colleagues described the first OSA patient occurrence of both fatal and non-fatal
clinically. In 1965, French scientist Gestaut cardiovascular events is decreased. But
added measurements of airflow and chest the recently conducted SAVE trial reported
wall motion to other PSG measures to that therapy with CPAP plus usual care, as
document obstruction of the upper airway compared with usual care alone, did not
(UA) at night. The interest in management prevent cardiovascular events in patients
of OSA increased after the discovery of with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep
CPAP as treatment for OSA by Colin apnea and established cardiovascular
Sullivan in 1981. disease though CPAP significantly reduced
snoring and daytime sleepiness and
Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold improved health-related quality of life and
standard for diagnosis of OSA. It measures mood. One of the limitation of the study
EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, Oxygen Saturation, only 3.7hrs of use of CPAP per night. New
Airflow, Respiratory effort, Snoring and Phone app based technologies like Dream
Body Position. The diagnostic criteria for mapper (Philips Respironics) and Air View
OSA based on PSG are- (Resmed) have been developed to
improve compliance of patients.
1. RDI15/hr, or
2. RDI5/hr with symptoms like snoring, The PSG is time consuming, costly and
daytime sleepiness, impaired memory, technically demanding technology. The
witnessed apneas and chocking, Insomnia, field is moving towards managing OSA
nocturia. patients using simple technologies at
home which is less costly, less time
RDI is total no. of apneas plus hypopneas consuming and less technically
plus RERA’s divided by Total Sleep Time. It challenging. The technology is called Home
does not take into account the duration of Sleep Testing (HST). It measures Airflow,
apneas or hypopneas, no. of Oxygen respiratory effort and Oxygen Saturation
desaturations and proportion of apneas or some devices are based on technology
versus hypopneas. Despite these assessing Peripheral Arterial Tonometry.
Till 2007 studies were comparing HST
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devices with PSG but from 2007 the focus medical community can catch up with it.
is changed. Now the clinical outcomes of By the time any study is published
starting CPAP treatment for OSA after HST validating the technology, new version of
are being compared with clinical outcomes the technology already has been released.
of treatment initiated on the basis of PSG.
There have been 7 studies published till These technologies are becoming an
2012 on this topic but all the studies important part of human lives. Whether
excluded patients with co-morbidities. we like it or not, patients will come to the
clinic asking to interpret the data of these
Recently there are attempts to simplify the devices.
technology to diagnose OSA and new
devices based on different technologies My suggestion is that instead of throwing
are being validated. One device which is the data away in light of no evidence, we
worn around neck differentiates benign should take a look at the data to see
snoring from OSA. Another device is whether it is making any sense clinically.
measuring suprasternal pressure to These technologies are at least engaging
differentiate between OSA and CSA. the consumers in their own health and
they become self-aware and interested in
Consumer Sleep Technologies their health.
With advent of Smart Phones, Watches Computer Assisted Sleep Scoring

and wearables several parameters, Manual scoring of sleep studies is time
including Sleep, that reflect health state consuming process and lead to inter scorer
can be assessed on a day to day basis. variability in scoring them. To reduce
These are popularly called Consumer Sleep scoring time and reduce inter scorer
Technologies. Below is the table with variability, new softwares have been
broad classification and some examples developed to do Computer assisted Sleep
for each- scoring, like Somnolyzer and Michelle.
Mobile Device Wearable Embedded Desktop Accessory

Platforms Platforms Platforms or Appliance
Website Platforms Platforms
Sleep Cycle FitBit Tanita MedHelp Sleep Clocky
Sleep Scan Tracker
Sleep Bot Jawbone UP Luna MyApnea.Org Philips Wake up
Light and HUE
Smart Bulbs
Sleep as Android Smart Watches Sleep NumberX12 SHUTi emWave
Sunriser Basis Peak Early Sense SleepyHead Resmed S+
ENTRAIN Sleep Image Sense with Sleep

Pill
Go! To Sleep Withings AURA
There is hardly any research supporting Two recently conducted studies have
the claims of these technologies. Also the highlighted that the availability of digitally
manufacturers of these technologies identified events (e.g., spindles) or
update them at much rapid pace then the calculated variables (e.g., depth of sleep,
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delta wave duration) during scoring may available on ISSR website under the
greatly reduce scoring variability and that Literature update tab. I am sure the
better training or fine-tuning of the readers will benefit from these resources.
scoring guidelines are not likely to be
effective in improving Inter-scorer Sleep Well. Sleep on Time.
variability during sleep staging.
These Computer assisted scoring systems

should not be seen as a threat to jobs of SYMPOSIUM 4: Personalized Medicine
Sleep technologists. Rather they will free – Need, Current status and Challenges
up the Sleep technologists time from
scoring to be spent on more patient Speakers:
interaction activities like explaining PAP
therapy, proper fitting of the mask, follow
1. Need for Personalization of Medicine
up of the patient and troubleshooting
their issues with PAP therapy.
Dr. Prasanth Ganesan,Associate
Professor, Dpartment of Medical
Future Directions
Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA),
Adyar, Chennai.
We need to learn these technologies well
and at a fast speed as they are evolving 2. Personalization of Medicine - Current
very fast. We need to teach more about Status
Sleep and Sleep disorders at the
undergraduate and PG Medical
Dr. C. Adithan, Director of the Central
Curriculum. Basic sciences and Clinical
InterDisciplinary Research Facility
departments should work hand in hand to
(CIDRF) and Professor of Pharmacology
handle the patient burden. There are a lot
at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical
of educational opportunities available in
College & Research Institute,
India and the information can be obtained
Pondicherry.
from the websites of following Sleep
societies in India-
3. Challenges in Implementation of
Personalized Medicine - Clinicians
1. Indian Society for Sleep Research Perspective
(ISSR)- www.issr.in
2. Indian Sleep Disorder Association
Dr. T. Kadhiravan, Additional Professor
(ISDA)- www.isda.co.in
of Medicine, JIPMER, Pondicherry.
3. Indian Association of Surgeons for
Sleep Apnea (IASSA)- www.iassa.in
SPM/01
ISSR publishes newsletter “Sleep Watching
India” two times in a year. It contains Personalization of Medicine - Current
educational information and also training Status
opportunities in different countries in the
Dr. C. Adithan, Director of the Central
field of Sleep Medicine and Technology. It
InterDisciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF)
is available on ISSR website under the
and Professor of Pharmacology at the
newsletter tab. To keep the readers
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College &
updated about the latest in the field of
Research Institute, Pondicherry.
Sleep Medicine and Technology, ISSR
publishes “Sleep Medicine Literature
Updates” two times in a year and it is Personalized Medicine (PM) is aimed at
tailoring the preventive or medical
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treatments to the individual characteristics and ii) Lack of reimbursement by
of each patient. An important component insurance plans.This raises the pertinent
of precision medicine is pharmacogenomic question,should personalised medicine
research. Precision Medicine Initiative interventions be viewed and evaluated, as
(PMI) announced by the former U.S. any other conventional healthcare
President in 2015, promises to usher in a intervention such as a new drug, using the
new, individualized approach to patient same paradigm. Or else, should we have
care. The PMI includes genetic different benchmarks for adopting
information, defining loss of function personalised medicine interventions into
mutations, biomarker research, health risk clinical practice?In the words of Dr David
models, new disease classifications, Hunter, “Arriving at the era of precision
empowering patients with their individual medicine does not mean that we can be so
health data, and creating a platform for certain of molecular mechanisms that
targeted therapy trials. At present, there is therapeutic decisions should not be
a lot of interest in PM. Many companies subject to adequately powered trials.”
including in India, started offering These challenges, however, are not
pharmacogenetic testing services. There insurmountable. Genomic-based
are some positive evidences for benefits of personalised medicine interventions throw
genetic testing of anticancer and up other challenges as well — how to
cardiovascular drugs. However, its communicate effectively with patients
acceptance by practising clinicians and about the meaning and implications of
regulatory approval is lagging. This is genetic tests. Finally, there could be some
mainly due to lack of high level evidence theoretical limit to the personalisationof
(e.g, RCT) for their wider acceptance. It treatment that can be achieved. For
appears that there are missing links example,personalisation might not be
between genomic information and the real possible if the within-person variability for
benefit to the suffering patients. The a particular trait exceeds the between-
details will be presented in the conference person variation.
SPM/02
Challenges in Implementation of SYMPOSIUM 5: Sports Physiology,
Personalized Medicine - Clinicians Biomechanics and Management of
Perspective. Sports injuries
Dr. T. Kadhiravan, Additional Professor of
Speakers:
Medicine, JIPMER, Pondicherry.
1. Evaluation of Sports persons and
While personalised medicine has the Biomechanics
potential to revolutionise health care,
many of the well-researched discoveries Dr. Raksha Jaipurkar, Trainee Exercise
have not found acceptance into clinical Physiology, Dept of Exercise Physiology,
practice yet. Genotype-guided dosing of Sports Physiology of India Bangalore,
warfarin could serve as a case-study to Karnataka.
understand the challenges in
implementing personalised medicine. Two 2. Good Sleep is an Elixir to Sports
of the main reasons why genotype-guided Performance Enhancement
dosing of warfarin has not found wide
acceptance are — i) Data showing a Dr Karuna Datta, Dept of Exercise
beneficial effect of genotype-guided Physiology, Sports Physiology of India
,Bangalore, Karnataka.
dosing on hard clinical outcomes is limited;
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3. The Recent Advances in the background from orthopedics, sports
Management of Sports Related medicine, zoology, biomechanical
Injuries - The Orthopedic Perspective engineering, physiotherapy and
kinesiology. Biomechanics of human
Dr. Deep Sharma, Dept of Exercise movement is the sub-discipline of
Physiology, Sports Physiology of India,
kinesiology i.e. the study of human
Bangalore, Karnataka.
movement.
SSP/01
Problems studied by biomechanists
Evaluation of Sports persons and In aeronautics and space research: study

Biomechanics of effect of microgravity on human body.
Bone loss is limiting factor for long term
Dr. Raksha Jaipurkar, Trainee Exercise stay in space. Biomechanists have
Physiology, Dept of Exercise Physiology, developed instruments such as treadmill
Sports Physiology of India Bangalore, for optimal use for new bone formation,
Karnataka. also voluntary muscle contraction with
electrical stimulation of muscles to
Biomechanics is a multidisciplinary science maintain muscle mass and tone.
involving application of mechanical Biomechanists are also in study of elderly
principles in study of structure and people. Age is associated with mobility
function of human body. The term impairment, maintaining balance, and
biomechanics combines the prefix ‘bio’ frequent fall related fractures.
means life and ‘mechanics’ means the Biomechanists worked for developing
study of action of forces. Biomechanics intervention strategies such as limiting
describes the science involving study of trunk movement along with whole body
mechanical aspects of living organism. The exercise to prevent falls. Occupational
forces include both internal forces biomechanists are involved in studies to
produced by muscles and external forces prevent work related injuries. They are
that act on the body. Statics and dynamics also involved in designing innovative
are two major sub-branches of equipments, apparels in sports by
biomechanics. Statics involve study of conducting experiments in wind tunnels
systems that are in constant motion i.e that involve controlled situation
either at rest or moving at constant encountered during specific sport eg
velocity. Dynamics is study of systems in aerodynamic helmets, clothing cycle
which acceleration is present. Kinematics designs used in competitive cycling. Sports
and kinetics are further subdivisions of biomechanists have directed their efforts
biomechanics. Kinematics is what we are towards improving technique component
able if observe while watching the body in of athletic performance. Eg. Al Oerter four
motion. It involves size, sequencing and times Olympic discus champion bettered
timing of motion. Kinematics of sports skill his performance at age of 43 by 8.2 m. in
is basically form or technique of game. addition to motivation and training, some
Whereas kinematics describes appearance part of performance was also attributed to
of motion, kinetics is the study of forces enhanced technique following
associated with the motion. biomechanical analysis. Biomechanists
contribute to knowledge base for full
Although biomechanics is relatively young gamut of human movement from
field of science, biomechanical physically disabled child to elite athletes.
considerations are of interest in several Basic knowledge of biomechanics is
scientific disciplines and professional essential for professionals such as
fields. Biomechanists can have a scientific
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coaches, trainers, Physical education forces are produced by muscles. Inertia is
teachers, physiotherapist, etc. tendency to resist change in state of
motion. e.g A skater has tendency to
Kinematics concept of human motion continue gliding with constant speed and
direction due to inertia. Force can be push
Most human movement is general motion, or pull acting on the body it is product of
complex combination of linear and angular mass and acceleration. Weight is amount
motion. Linear motion involves uniform of gravitational force exerted by earth on a
motion along a line that may be straight or body. Centre of gravity is point around
curved, with all parts of body moving in which body’s weight is equally balanced
same direction of speed. Motion is straight no matter how the body is positioned.
line is known as rectilinear motion. When Torque or moment of force is rotatory
uniform motion is along curved line, it is effect created by eccentric force. It is
known as curvilinear motion. Angular product of force and the perpendicular
motion involves rotation around central distance from the force’s line of action to
line or point. Movements of human body the axis of rotation. Centric force produces
are referenced to sagittal, frontal and translation while eccentric force produces
transverse plane associated with translation and rotation. Impulse is
mediolateral, AP and longitudinal axes product of force and time over which it
respectively. acts. Tension is pulling or stretching force
directed axially through the body. Shear is
Experience in performing motor skill does directed parallel to the surface while
not necessarily translate to proficiency in stress is distribution of force within the
analyzing the skill. Qualitative analysis body. Lumbar vertebra bear more weight
requires knowledge of specific of body during standing position so it
biomechanical purpose of movement. should be logically under more stress but
Repeated observation of motor skills is stress is not proportional to weight borne
useful in helping to distinguish consistent by vertebra, as load bearing areas of
performance errors from random error. lumbar vertebra are larger than upper
Use of video camera is useful for vertebras. Torsion is load bearing twisting
movement analysis. Reflective joint of body. Repeated loading is repeated
markers tracked by camera for automatic application of subacute load that is
digitizing of movement. Motion analysis relatively of low magnitude. Acute loading
software tracks joint markers in 3D space. is application of a single force of sufficient
Digital camera with infrared light ring is magnitude to cause injury to biological
used for tracking reflective markers of tissue. Tools for measuring kinetic
subject. Accelerometer is also used for quantities are electromyography for
measuring acceleration during non-linear neuromuscular functions and
movements. dynamography i.e. force platforms and
pressure platforms for gait research,
Kinetic concepts of human motion starts, take off, landing etc.
Kinetic concepts are mass, force, weight, Biomechanics of human skeletal muscle
pressure, volume, density, specific weight, articulation
torque, impulse, etc. Several types of
mechanical loads act on body such as The anatomical configuration of joint of
compression, tension, shear, bending and human body governs directional
torsion. Force of gravity and friction movement capability. The ends of freely
enable walking and manipulation of movable joints are covered with particular
objects in specific way when internal cartilage to reduce the contact stress and
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for lubrication. The menisci present in plantar flexion at ankle. Elite sprinters
some joint also contribute to these develop both greater horizontal and
functions. Tendons and ligaments are vertical velocity coming of starting blocks
collagenous tissues and are elastic and as compared well trained nonelite
extensible. Joint stability is ability of joint sprinters. The volleyball spike jump in
to resist displacement of articular bones. subtleties in approach kinematics certainly
Major factor in determining stability of influence the height of spike jump. For
joint is shapes of articulating bone and human gait, speed is product of stride
arrangement and strength of muscles, length and stride frequency. Overly long
tendons and ligaments. Joint flexibility is stride length should be avoided while
function of relative tightness of muscle running to prevent hamstring strain. Most
and tendons. If they are not stretched they runners tend to choose combination of
tend to shorten. The joint flexibility can be stride length and frequency that minimizes
increased by active versus passive physiological cost of running. Running
stretching. Proprioceptive neuromuscular downhill increases speed which is function
facilitation (PNF) is effective procedure for of increased stride length. Exactly opposite
stretching muscles and ligaments. happens in uphill running. Fatigue is
expected near the end of marathon
Biomechanics of skeletal muscle running is result of increased stride
frequency and decreased stride length.
Muscles are elastic and extensible and Elite 1500m runners are differentiated
respond to stimulus. Most importantly from other performers in the event by
muscles are only biological tissue capable more efficient use of hip during running. In
of developing tension. Functional unit of racing events, comparisons are done
muscle is motor unit. Muscle responds to based on pace. Pace is inverse of speed. It
stimulation by developing tension. The is the time taken to cover given distance.
resultant action may be concentric, Unit of pace is min/km. Acceleration and
eccentric and isometric i.e. shortening, deceleration have implication for injury on
lengthening or remaining unchanged. human body. ACL tear is common when
There is well defined relationship between athlete decelerates rapidly and changes
force output and velocity of shortening, direction quickly.
length of muscle at the time of stimulation
and time since onset of stimulus. The force Kinematic of projectile motion
production is enhanced if muscle is
prestretched. Muscle performance is Bodies projected into air are projectile.
described in terms of strength, power and Basketball, discus, high jumper and sky
endurance. Strength is ability of muscle diver are all projectile as long as they are
group to generate torque at a joint. Power moving in air unassisted. The horizontal
is rate of torque production and and vertical components of projectile
endurance is resistance to fatigue. motion are independent. The ball hit
horizontally has same vertical component
Linear kinematics of human movement. as ball dropped with no horizontal
velocity.
Kinematics is form or technique of
movement. Careful kinematic analysis of Force of gravity affects the vertical
sequencing and timing of body segments component of projectile motion.
which translate into skill may help Neglecting the air resistance, the
coaches, PE teachers for improving sports horizontal speed of a projectile remains
performance. E.g Kinematic of soccer kick constant throughout the motion.
involves hip flexion, knee extension and Trajectory is flight path. Trajectory of
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projectile depends on angle of projection, Angular kinematics of human movement
speed, and relative height of projection.
Projectile flight time is increased by Why is driver longer than 9-iron?
increasing vertical component of
projection velocity or increasing relative This question is related to angular motion.
projection height. This phenomenon is Relative angle is the angle formed
very useful to for diving sports, discus between longitudinal axes of adjacent
throwers, etc. body angles. Absolute angle is angular
orientation of body segments with
Factors influencing projectile motion reference to fixed line of reference.
Goniometers are used for measuring
Variable Factors of influence relative body angles. Greater the angular
Flight time Initial vertical velocity, velocity of cricket bat, farther the struck
relative projection ball will travel.
height
Horizontal Horizontal velocity, Linear kinetics of human movement
displacement relative projection
Linear kinetics is study of linear forces
height
associated with linear motion. The
Vertical Initial vertical velocity, interrelationships among many kinetic
Displacement relative projection quantities are indentified in Newton’s laws
height of motion. The skater has tendency to
Trajectory Initial speed, projection continue gliding with constant speed and
angle, relative direction because of inertia. In accordance
projection height with Newton’s third law of motion, ground
reaction forces are sustained with every
Projection angle has direct implication on footfall during running. The ground
basketball game. Nearly vertical angle of reaction forces are external forces acting
entry into basket allows a somewhat on the body. Use of longer stride during
larger margin of error than horizontal running increases retarding horizontal
angle of entry. component of ground reaction forces.
During high jump take off, the horizontal
In throwing events objective is to component of ground reaction forces
maximize the release height because decreases horizontal velocity while vertical
greater relative projection height allows component of ground reaction forces
longer flight time consequently longer contribute to vertical velocity. Friction
horizontal displacement but at the same force is generated when two surfaces are
time thrower would not compromise in contact. Magnitude of static and kinetic
release speed for added height and he has friction is determined by coefficient of
to achieve optimum angle of projection. friction. Direction of friction force is
Relative height of projection is difference opposite to direction of motion. The
between projection height and landing coefficient of friction and dancers shoes
height. When relative projection height is and floor must be small enough to allow
zero, optimum projection angle is 45o. As freedom of motion but large enough to
relative projection height increases, prevent slippage. Other factors that
optimum projection angle decreases. As determine the behavior of two bodies in
relative projection height becomes contact are momentum and elasticity.
increasingly negative, projection angle Linear momentum is product of objects
increases. mass and velocity. Mechanical work is
product of force and distance. Mechanical
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power is the work done over a time. other side, thus causing net torque
Mechanical energy is of two forms; kinetic resulting lateral oscillation about the stern
and potential. During pole vault, the bent during rowing. The Italian and German
pole stores strain energy for subsequent rowers developed alternative positioning
release as kinetic energy and heat. to eliminate net torque and assuming
force produced by all the rowers is same.
Equilibrium and human movement The torques required at the hip, knee and
ankle during cycling are influenced by
Levers are rigid, bar like bodies which can bodies position and cycle dimension. The
be made to rotate about an axis. Fulcrum mechanical behavior of body is subject to
is point of support or axis about which various forces which are greatly influenced
lever may be made to rotate. There are by centre of gravity. CoG is the point
three types of levers, First, Second and around which mass of the body are
Third. Muscles and bones function as balanced no matter how body is
levers. Most joints function as third class positioned. Speed and projection angle of
lever, well structured for maximizing range an athlete’s total body centre of mass
of motion, movement of speed, but largely determine performance outcome
requiring muscle force of grater of high jump.Base of support is area bound
magnitude than the resistance to by outermost regions of contact between
overcome. The angle which muscle pulls body and support surface. Body’s
the bone also affects its mechanical mechanical stability is its resistance to
effectiveness. The rotatory effect created linear and angular acceleration. Body’s
by applied force is torque. Torque is a stability is influenced by mass, friction,
rotatory force. Rotatory motion is caused centre of gravity and base of support.
by torque, a vector quantity with Kabaddi requires extremely strong muscle
magnitude and direction. Torque is a hence mesomorphic endomorph physique
product of force and force’s moment of will suit sports like kabaddi. In contrast
arm which is a perpendicular distance of gymnasts are at disadvantage with greater
force’s line of action to the axis of body mass because most gymnastic skills
rotation. When muscle develops tension, it require disruption of stability. About base
produces torque at the joint. Rotation of of support, the martial artist typically
joint occurs in the direction of resultant assumes wide stance during defensive
joint torque. As joint moves through the situation to increase stability, but sprinters
range of motion, there are changes in in starting block maintain relatively small
moment arm. For any given muscle, the base of support so that they can quickly
moment arm is maximum when angle of disrupt stability at the start of race. The
pull on the bone is closest to 90o. As height of centre of gravity to the base of
moment of arm decreases, muscle must support also affects the stability. The
produce more force to generate a strategy of lowering the CoG prior to
constant joint torque. In cricket, fielder takeoff enables the athlete to lengthen
increases the moment of arm between the vertical path over which the body is
ball hand and total body axis of rotation accelerated, thus facilitating high vertical
during throwing of ball. In rowing sport, velocity at take off. Higher the CoG,
traditionally adjacent crew members row greater the potentially disruptive torque
on opposite side of hull, the moment of created if body undergoes angular
arm between ort and stern of the boat is displacement. Horizontal location of CoG
factor affecting performance. With this to base of support also affects stability.
arrangement, rowers from one side were Closer the horizontal location of CoG to
placed farther away from the stern as edge of base of support, smaller force is
compared to their counterparts from required to push it outside base of
support. The swimmer on the blocks
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positions her CoG close to the front physiology to training the athlete and
boundary of her base of support to enhancing athletes performance.
prepare for forward acceleration. So
increasing mass, friction and base of The attributes required for physical
support, vertically positioning CoG as low activity are 1. Muscle strength, 2. Muscle
as possible will increase stability. endurance, 3. Flexibility, 4.Body
composition, 5.Cardiorespiratory
Angular kinetics of human motion endurance, 6. Power, 7. Agility.
Resistance to angular acceleration is Exercise Physiology is the study of how

known as moment of inertia. The linear body responds in function and structure to
force that acts on rotating body is 1. Acute exercise stress and 2.Chronic
centripetal (centre seeking) directed physical activity.
towards centre of rotation. Its magnitude
depends on mass, speed, and radius of The role of exercise physiologist in sports
rotation. Cyclists, runners, and motorists is 1. Searching the facts and developing
lean into the curve to offset the torque theories, disseminating knowledge and
created by centripetal force acting on base preparing sports personnel.
of support. The arm swing during take-off
contributes significantly to diver’s angular History of Exercise Physiology:
momentum. During air-born execution of
spike in volleyball, compensatory rotation First published book in Exercise Physiology
of lower limb offsets forceful swinging of in 1889 “Physiology of Bodily Exercise” by
arm so that total body angular Ferdinand LaGrange. Prof Archibald Hill (
momentum is conserved. AV Hill) received Nobel Prize in 1922 for
production of heat and mechanical work in
SSP/02 muscle. His work resulted in wide ranging
applications in sports physiology.
Physiological Monitoring of Sports Professor David Bruce Dill (DB) was a
Personnel pioneering exercise Physiologist who
initially worked on crocodile later
Dr. Raksha Jaipurkar, Dr. Karuna Datta, Dr. redirected his efforts on human
Deep Sharma P performance when he became director of
Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in 1927.
Dept of Exercise Physiology, Sports
Physiology of India Bangalore, Karnataka. Physiological Adaptations to training
Principle of individuality
Physical activity is the body movement Principle of specificity
produced muscle action that increases Principle of progressive load
energy expenditure e.g daily routine Principle of hard and easy
activities. Exercise is planned, structured,
Principle of periodization
repetitive, purposeful physical activity. Eg.
walking, jogging, running, swimming,
tennis games, gymnastics, boxing, Skeletal muscle and exercise:
wrestling, hockey, cricket, etc. in 2016 Endurance and speed during exercise
Olympics 28 sports were contested. depends largely on your muscle ability to
produce energy and force.
Exercise Physiology is evolved from its
parent discipline Physiology and sports
physiology applies concepts of exercise
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Slow Fast Fast Athlete Athlete Athlete
twitch Twitcha Twitchb A B C
(ST) (FTa) (FTb) Strength 100 Kg 200Kg 200 Kg
Oxidative High Moderate Low Power 100 kg 200 kg 200 kg
capacity high lifted 0.6 lifted lifted 0.6
Glycolytic Low High highest m in 0.5 0.6 m in m in 1
capacity sec 2 sec sec
Contractile Slow Fast Fast
speed =120kg =60 kg =120 kg
Fatigue High Moderate Low m/s m/s m/s
resistance Muscle 10 10 5
Motor unit Low High High enduran repetitio repetitio repetitio
strength ce ns with ns with ns with
75 kg 150 kg 150 kg
World champions in marathon
runnersposses 93-99% ST fibres in their Athlete B has more strength and muscle
gastrocnemius and world class sprinters endurance.
have only 25% of ST fibres in this muscle.
Resistance training principles
Muscle strength: 1. Identify group of muscles to be
Maximal force a muscle or group of trained
muscles generate is termed as strength. 2. Identify type of training
1 repetition maximum (1RM) is maximal 3. Number of repetitions per set
weight individual can lift just ones. 4. Number of sets per workout
Power is functional application of both As intensity of training increases, set must
strength and speed. It is a key component decrease. Emphasize on exercising higher
of most athletic performance. Strength is resistances (High intensity i.e % of 1RM)
determined by maximum weight individual and lower repetitions for strength gain.
can lift To develop muscle endurance emphasize
Power is determined by performing 1RM on lower resistance and more repetitions.
as explosively as possible.
Power =Force* Distance from chest to full Energy systems:
arm extension/Time to lift the weight
Muscular endurance is greatest number of 1. Phosphagen system
repetitions that could be completed using Pcr + ADP -----Cr + ATP (8sec –100 m
75% of 1RM sprint)
Speed is innate quality that changes little
with training 2. Glycolysis—Anaerobic source of energy
Power is increased exclusively through (30-60 sec) ( In Cytoplasm)
gain in strength and through changes in
metabolic and circulatory changes. Glucose ---- Pyruvic acid+2 ATP+2
Lactate (middle and long distance
runners to provide kick in the sprint
finish)
Pyruvic acid --- Aerobic (Kreb’s cycle)
Pyruvic acid --- Anaerobic (Lactate+ H+)
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3. Aerobic Periodization of resistance training
Pyruvic acid----Aerobic (Kreb’s cycle) Phase I: Muscle hypertrophy
Pyruvate will build up lactate until Phase II: Strength
exercise goes past 60 sec to 40 min. Phase III: Power
Ones past 60 secs pyruvate will enter Phase IV: Peak strength
Krebs’s cycle as Acetyl CoA with 10 Phase V: Active recovery
conversions yielding 1 ATP. Complete
glucose breakdown yield 36 ATPs. Resistance training should be sports
specific
4. When exercise exceeds 40 min, Intensity is amount of weight you are
Lipolysis will begin and yield 129 ATP lifting i.e. %1RM
Volume is number of reps and sets.
Cross over concept: Volume = 5*5*80= 2000kg ( 5 sets of 5
reps with 80 kg bench press where 80 kg is
Exercise intensity at which lipid and intensity)
carbohydrate utilization in equal. In High intensity = 5*5*100= 2500 kg volume
trained individuals, crossover occurs at High volume=5*10*75= 3750 kg volume
around 60-70 % of VO2 Max because of High volume low intensity is preferred for
decease in glycogen and increase in weightlifters.
noradrenalin and adrenaline. These
hormones increase lipolysis. Longer the Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
duration of exercises are more reliant on (EPOC): EPOC is defined as excess O2
lipids. Crossover occurs after 3-5 hours of uptake above resting level during
sub-maximal work. recovery.
Metabolic Mill: Two phases of oxygen debt.

Relationship between O2 independent 1. Alactic O2 debt: Is a rapid phase of
and O2 dependent systems. recovery from strenuous exercise to
Phosphagen: 8-10 sec restore ATP and PCr depleted during
Glycolysis: 30-60 sec last phase of exercise.
Aerobic : 60 sec – Hours 2. Lactoid oxygen Debt: This phase
Systems are not mutually exclusive. These represents reconversion of lactate to
systems can be trained and become more liver glycogen.
efficient. These above times will change
depending upon training. Intermittent exercise and recovery:
Aerobic training Interval training approach, utilization of
Long term adaptation: energy and rest intervals forms basis of
1. Decrease in basal HR interval training program. Player uses
2. Increase in capillarization submaximal efforts to overload specific
3. Increase in muscle mitochondria energy system
4. Increase in VO2 max e.g all out exercise for 8 secs,
5. Increase in plasma volume intramuscular phosphagen provide energy
with little demand from glycolytic
Strength training adaptation: pathway. Submaximal graded exercise is
1. Neuromuscular system will account for any physical activity where intensity or
improvement workload of exercise is increased at steady
2. Emphasis on fast twitch muscle fibres rate but upto 85% of max HR. Rapid
3. Short term response to flexibility recovery ensues and exercise begin again.
training: Stretch reflex prevents rapid
overstretching of muscles.
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For optimal recovery from steady state Muscle soreness:
exercise, player can perform exercise at Acute Muscle soreness occurs immediately
55-60% of VO2 max with little or no following exercise due to H+,lactic acid
lactate accumulation with faster recovery. and tissue edema.
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): It
VO2 max: Expressed in ml/kg/min- more results primarily from eccentric action
accurate comparison in different sized such as downhill run associated with acute
individuals in weight bearing events such muscle damage.
as running. In non weight bearing events Causes are 1. Increase in plasma enzymes,
such as swimming, cycling, etc endurance 2. Myoglobinaemis, 3.abnormal muscle
performance is more closely related to histology, 4.High tension in muscle
VO2 max expressed in Lit/min. contractile and elastic proteins, 5.Cell
membrane damage. 6. Inflammatory
Interaction between aerobic and muscle damage.
anaerobic efforts: Reducing negative effects of DOMS is
It is measure by two methods: important for maximizing training gains.
1. EPOC, 2. Lactate threshold (LT)
Fatigue and its causes:
Lactate threshold is the point at which 1. Exhaustion of energy systems
lactate begins to accumulate in blood. 2. Accumulation of metabolic end
products
LT is interaction between aerobic and 3. Nervous system fatigue
anaerobic systems. It is the point during 4. Failure of muscle fibre contractile
exercise of increasing intensity when rate system
of lactate production exceeds rate of
lactate clearance. LT is expressed in terms Exercise associated muscle cramps
of % VO2 max. The major determinants of (EAMC): EAMCs are associated with
successful endurance performance are electrolyte and fluid imbalance, high
VO2 max and % VO2 max at which athlete sweating rate, sustained alpha motor
can be maintained for prolonged period. neuron activity.
Person with highest lactate threshold
exhibits best endurance performance. To prevent EAMCs:
1.Athlete should be well conditioned to
LT of non athletes is 50-60% of VO2 max reduce muscle fatigue, 2.regularly stretch
Endurance athletes is 70-80% of VO2 max those muscles which are prone for cramps,
Economy of efforts: 3. Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
When athlete becomes more skillful at and carbohydrate store.
performing exercise, energy demands
reduce. Physiological monitoring of sports
Marathon runners are more energy personnel:
efficient than middle distance runners. While performing physiological monitoring
the athletes participating in specific game,
For successful endurance athletes exercise physiologist must know the
requirements: requirements of game such as:
1. High VO2 max 1. Total duration of game.
2. High LT expressed in % VO2 max 2. Energy systems involved in game
3. High energy economy efforts expressed Events in game such as short and
as low VO2 for same rate of work moderate duration of high intensity
4. High %of ST muscle fibres. bouts, any recovery period between
them.
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Laboratory test Vs Field test : Recommendations before testing your
Laboratory testing has greater degree of athletes:
control hence can produce more reliable 1. Familiarization with tests
results. However it is more expensive and 2. Time devoted to test
lacks ecological validity. Field assessments 3. Equipment needed
are inexpensive, easy to administer and 4. Ecological validity (temperature ,
usually performed under natural humidity)
conditions. Reliability and validity of field 5. Running surface (rubber tracking,
tests are subjected for errors of grass)
measurements, and specificity of test
selection for specific game.
Reasons for testing metabolic domains: SYMPOSIUM 6: Slow Deep Breathing:

Evaluation of genetic factors, training Physiological Effects and Therapeutic
status, strength and weakness, training
Potential
outcome, monitoring.
Speakers:
Various Tests:
Anthropometry: Measuring height, weight,
1. Pranayama: A classical way of
girth, skin fold thickness, Dexa scans for
respiratory modulate rate and depth
muscle mass allows us comparisons
of respiration
between teams
Dr. Ishwar V. Basavaraddi, Director
Determining aerobic power (VO2 max)
,Morarji Desai National Institute of
Ability to sustain low to moderate
Yoga Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi.
intensity exercise for long duration.
Common field tests for VO2 max:

2. The Physiological Mechanism of Slow
Cooper 12 m run test
Deep Breathing
20 m Beep test
YoYo test
Dr. K. K. Deepak, Professor & HOD,
Determining anaerobic capacity is maximal Department of Physiology ,All India
amount of high intensity work that can be Institute of Medical Sciences, New
performed less than 60 sec. Delhi.
10*20 m RAST test
30 s wingate cycle test Dr. Om Lata Bhagat, Associate
100-400 m sprint test Professor, Department of Physiology ,
These last 10-60 sec and tend to deplete All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
anaerobic energy reserves Jodhpur, Associate Editor (Physiology),
IJPP.
RAST test assesses ability of athlete to
maintain high intensity efforts with short Respiration is a powerful modulator of
rest intervals cardiovascular oscillations. The respiration
is an ‘automatic act’ and it is modifiable by
It depicts two performance parameters 1. volition. Cardiovascular and respiratory
Overall test performance (Total sprint time systems are coupled reciprocally and
in sec) 2. Percent decrement in score Breathing exerts profound influences on
(Mean sprint time/ Best sprint time)*100- autonomic neural outflow. As the
100 respiration is modifiable under volition
and can be influenced by various
rd
respiratory practices, this envisages the TOPICS:
possibility to integrate involuntary 1. What is wrong with the physiology?
(autonomic) nervous mechanisms with 2. Understanding infertility/
higher cortical mechanisms that are under subfertility
voluntary control. Controlled breathing 3. Where is the bug?
with low rate and high tidal volume, the so 4. Assessment methods to diagnose
called “slow deep breathing”, reported to the physiology at fault
reduce sympathetic activity by enhancing 5. Manipulating the physiology- boon
central inhibitory rhythms. It is associated or curse?
with greater respiratory sinus arrhythmia 6. Challenges in prolonging
and blood pressure (BP) oscillations. It has reproductive life and fertility
also been shown to improve the efficiency preservation
of ventilation by increasing alveolar and 7. Team work- makes it a dreamwork
reducing dead space ventilation. In Slow 8. Requirement of multidisciplinary
Deep Breathing as therapy, relaxation expertise in subfertility treatment
would complement it in decreasing heart 9. What’s new?
rate, blood pressure, oxygen consumption 10.Latest developments in Practice of
and levels of stress hormones. There is an Reproductive Medicine
emerging body of literature suggesting
that with minimal prerequisite training, 2. Dr. Usha Subramani, MBBS, MD(OG),
slow breathing around 0.10 Hz can acutely JIPMER
enhance the baroreflex sensitivity. These Consultant Reproductive Medicine,
reports have led to the speculation that Srishti Hospital, Pondicherry
behavioral interventions designed to
reduce breathing frequency (e.g., TOPICS:
pranayama) may serve a therapeutic role 1. Setting the physiology right-
in ameliorating depressed baroreflex pharmacological interventions
function in conditions such as chronic 2. Optimizing subfertility treatment
heart failure, essential hypertension, and 3. Newer pharmacological agents for
obstructive airway disease. In this managing subfertility
symposium, we will discuss these
advances in scientific studies about slow
deep breathing, describe its physiological 3. Dr. Sebanti Dash, Mbbs, Md
effects in health and diseases, and (Physiology)
highlight the therapeutic potential of slow Senior Clinical Embryologist, Srishti
deep breathing. Hospital, Pondicherry.
TOPICS:
1. Creating life-in vitro : A
SYMPOSIUM 7: Reproductive physiological journey from ovaries
Physiology Beyond Classrooms to the uterus
2. Quality control in IVF LAB
Speakers: 3. Cryo preservation of gametes and
embryos
1. Dr.Soumyaroop Dash, MBBS., MD
(OG), JIPMER
Consultant Reproductive Medicine,
Scientific Director, Srishti Hospital,
Pondicherry
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SYMPOSIUM 8: Newer frontiers of We know that learning health – related
Exploration in Physiology subjects in medical training involves the
study of extensive materials and the
Speakers: acquisition of a variety of new skills. Over
the years, teachers have tried to
1. Application of Virtual Reality in incorporate new technologies as tools into
Medical Sciences the curriculum, to make the material more
interesting and easier to learn.
Dr. Nilima Shankar, Department of
Physiology, University College of As VR education tools become increasingly
Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, New sophisticated, medical schools are making
Delhi. them part of the curriculum. Thus, health
care is becoming one of the biggest users
Vineet Gopal, Gentech Marketing & of VR, be it in medical education,
Distribution Pvt. Ltd therapeutics, medical skills development,
medical research and patient education, to
2. Assessment of the Electrophysiological name a few.
Effects of various Ragas of Indian
Classical Music In Physiology, VR programs have the
potential to meet teaching criteria as long
Dr. Kirthana Kunikullaya U, Assistant as they are considered in light of the
Professor, Department of Physiology, complexity of “real” living systems.
M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and
Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. While access to VR methods cannot
replace years of specialised training, these
SNF/01 innovative tools can significantly expand
medical learners’ exposure to scenarios
pertinent to medical sciences.
Application of Virtual Reality in
Medical Sciences
In this contribution VR is elaborated, as
introduced and used in computer science,
Dr. Nilima Shankar1, Vineet Gopal2
both, at the conceptual and at technology
1 levels, drawing examples from medical
Department of Physiology, University sciences.
College of Medical Sciences & GTB
Hospital, Delhi, 2Gentech Marketing &
SNF/02
Distribution Pvt. Ltd.
Assessment of the
Virtual Reality (VR) is the term used to
Electrophysiological Effects of various
describe a novel human-computer
interface. VR enables users to interact
Ragas of Indian Classical Musi
with a computer – generated, multi –
Dr. Kirthana Kunikullaya U.
dimensional environment and with the
help of interface tools allows users to
Assistant Professor, Department of
immerse themselves in the environment,
Physiology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College
navigate within it and interact with objects
and Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
and other inhabitants. So, what can we
expect from VR systems in the medical
sciences?
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Introduction proportional to the crescendo present in
music. Music as a non-pharmacological
Of the various therapies used to relax the therapy for hypertension has been tried by
body & mind, music is an integral part. Be many investigators (10 - 25 min for 1-3
it during chanting of “Aum” during yoga or months). Neurochemical changes in the
meditation sessions or the massage brain put forth are increased calcium-
therapy sessions in a spa or simple as calmodulin dependent dopamine synthesis
listening to enjoyable music as we are in the neostriatal region & mesolimbic
driving music now is an essential part of reward system, decreased renal
our lives. Though choice of music is a sympathetic nerve activity and BP through
subjective topic, & though abstract in its the auditory pathway. Whether music
nature, music arouses feelings of causes an increase or decrease in HR &
euphoria, happiness, satisfaction & a Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters,
variety of other moods. remains a mystery, with a few finding
reduction, increase and a few finding no
Music & health - studies in general change. Meditative / slow classical music
has been shown to lower neurohumoral
Music & its effect on health has now markers of stress (I will elaborate on these
picked up pace & being studied across the studies in my talk).
world with special enthusiasm from
cardiologists & neuroscientists. To quote a Music can be used in 2 ways: one is
few neuroscience works on music, creating music actively in a room (Music
listening to rhythms is not solely auditory, therapy) or passive listening to music
but is fundamentally shaped by the brain’s (Music medicine). A number of research
motor regions, which predict incoming studies have looked into the effects of
beats (John Iversen, Computational music medicine on a variety of clinical
Neuroscience, University of California). conditions such as in gastrointestinal
Music was more effective than endoscopy, colonoscopy, cardiac
prescription drugs in reducing anxiety catheterization, cardiac patients.
prior to surgery (Trends in neuroscience,
Neurochemistry, Daniel J. Levitin, Mc Gill Need for study on Indian Music
University). Intense pleasure in response
to music can lead to dopamine release in Most of these studies I have quoted here
the striatal system (Salimpoor et al, Nature are those done abroad & very commonly
Neuroscience). NIH has now (May 2017) used music has been Mozart, Beethoven,
recognized music as an important Bach, Verdi or Vivaldi or just the relaxation
modality in the treatment of prematurity, or the chant compact discs available.
autism, mental health disorders, India’s musical history dates back to the
parkinson’s, palliative care, elders prehistoric times and is in fact regarded as
enrichment & various other one of the oldest in the world, the era
neurocognitive disorders.
when the Vedas were created, particularly,
the Samaveda. It is here that raga (colors)
Music & its effect on the heart is said to be
was created, which denotes a set of
because of entrainment between the 2
musical notes presented in an orderly
rhythms, that is, the synchronization of
the body’s natural rhythms (for example, manner in order to generate a melody out
heart rate - HR or respiratory rate) with of the same. The goal of the raga is to
the rhythm of the music. (Ref: Hans create a mood with different ragas having
Trappe). Repeated rhythymic recitation of the property of evoking different emotions
a prayer, poetry or music (rhythmic among humans (example: raga Mishra
repetition of notes and tones) particularly, Mand- refreshing light touch, Neelambari-
sedative music (slow tempo) can lead to sleep). As a part of Sama Veda, Gandharva
decreased HR and BP. BP was shown to be Veda enlists the various ragas & their
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health benefits. Unfortunately, scientific Our Initial work methodology & results in
evidence regarding these health benefits brief
of Indian music is extremely meagre. In A prospective, randomized controlled trial
this era of translational research, we was done on 100 prehypertensives/stage I
started to study the effect of Indian music hypertensives, randomly divided into two
on health with special reference to groups (n = 50 in each). Group 1 received
electrophysiolgical parameters. music intervention along with lifestyle
Our works (funded by ICMR & RGUHS) modifications while Group 2 received only
Salient points of review of literature lifestyle modifications. We used
 Stress is a part of our daily lives and as Samavedaand raga chikitsa(Ancient Indian
per WHO report about 7.5% of Indians music literature) for selection of ragas.
suffer from major or minor mental Group1 listened to raga bhimpalasplayed
disorders that require expert on flute for 15 min daily for at least 5
intervention. days/week for 3 months. The main
 Hypertension, a multifactorial chronic outcome measures were 24 hour BP, HRV,
disease, with psychosocial stress and stress levels (State Trait anxiety
implicated to contribute significantly in inventory score) & biomarkers of
its development. hypertension. Group 1 exhibited
 The effective management of significant reduction in stress levels,
hypertension includes lifestyle diastolic BP and systolic BP decreased in
modifications and drug therapy. JNC VII Group 2 after intervention. Significant
has indicated only lifestyle modifications change in BP was seen among those who
as the first line of management for were prehypertensives prior to
prehypertension & pharmacological intervention. Mean (SD) of diastolic BP
management along with lifestyle (DBP) pre and post intervention were
modifications (weight reduction, dietary overall = 85.1(6.8) and 83(8.7) {P = 0.004},
modifications, salt restriction and awake = 87.7(7.6) and 85.9(9.2){P ¼
physical activity) for the management of 0.021}. Regression analysis showed
hypertension. association between diastolic BP change
 The treatment of hypertension accounts and post-intervention stress score in the
for about 10.6% of the per capita music intervention group. Insignificant rise
income. The cost of antihypertensive in parasympathetic parameters of HRV
drugs and the adverse effects have (SDNN, RMSSD, HF) was seen after
emphasized the need for exploring intervention in both the groups. We found
effective non-pharmacological significantly increased parasympathetic
management with or without drug and lower sympathetic parameters (LF,
therapy. LF/HF) in Group 1 and 2 males and females
 Very few Indian music based studies, of Group 2. The results suggest that
have used clinical sphygmomanometric females of Group 1 were less compliant
recordings and shown significant with the given intervention.
reduction in BP. To the best of our
knowledge, effect of music on 24 h
ambulatory BP (ABP) measurements,
with a prehypertension group and
simultaneous measurements of
biomarkers of hypertension had not
been studied. With this view in mind, we
started to study the effect of Indian
music on BP among prehypertensives
and hypertensives.
rd
APPI AWARDS
Maj. Gen. S L Bhatia Oration Chrono lab at department of physiology

KGMU on circadian Rhythms of
Award Cardiovascular System (Chronocardiology)
in CAD subjects, Postmenopausal and
Premenopausal Women, Diabetes and
Dr. Narsingh Verma
Chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity in
Professor Department of Physiology
breast cancer subjects, we concluded that
King Georges Medical University,
CAD subjects (both hypertensive and
Vice Dean, Faculty of Medicine,
normotensives) have variations in 7 day
Vice Dean Student Welfare,
circadian pattern of blood pressure and
Faculty Incharge MCI Cell & Media Cell
heart rate which can result into disturbed
KGMU Lucknow 226003
vascular events and thus are at greater risk
of cardiovascular morbidity . 7-days /24
hour blood pressure monitoring and
The Origin of Chronomedicine: Let the assessment of CHAT may decrease
Natural Cycle Rule our Health potential cardiovascular risk by preventing
risk of inappropriate medication and
Prof. Narsingh Verma implementing timed administration of
antihypertensive medication in diabetic
Department of Physiology, King Georges subjects. Post-menopausal women and
Medical University, Lucknow Subjects with Diabetic subjects (both
hypertensive and normotensives) have
The better understanding of basic variations in 7 day circadian pattern of
rhythms can maintain our health in blood pressure and heart rate which can
unexpected ways. This new adventures result into disturbed vascular events and
field of chronomedicine explores the thus are at greater risk of
interaction between biological rhythms, cardiovascularmorbidity. The diagnosis of
medicine, nutrition, sleep, physical CHAT, even in normotensive patients, may
activity and drugs. Chronobiologies (study warrant medical attention by assessing
of biological rhythms) includes but are not future risk, guiding treatment and
limited to comparative anatomy, managing precautionary measures.
physiology, genetics, molecular biology, Preliminary Data of Breast Cancer subjects
pharmacology and behavior of organisms suggests thatAnthracyclines
within biological rhythm mechanics. Chemotherapy treatment in Breast Cancer
Various Physiological systems like Subjects produces variations in 7 day
cardiovascular system and Blood pressure circadian pattern of blood pressure and
of healthy person have characteristic and heart rate which can result into disturbed
reproducible circadian pattern i.e. diurnal vascular events and thus are at greater risk
elevation and nocturnal decline. There are of cardiovascular morbidity
evidences that patients with Essential Chronomedical approach appears to be a
Hypertension, Coronary artery disease novel tool for early prediction of
(CAD), Diabetes, Renal failure and cardiotoxicity than the commonly used
metabolic syndrome & Cancer have diagnosis procedures of cardiotoxicity Like
disturbed or attenuated circadian LVEPF , and Cardiotoxicity serum
rhythms. In four different studies (out of Biomarkers. As predicted from the
many other) conducted by our team in our available data chronobiologic assessment
may predict cardiac detoriation before the
rd
damage has become advanced enough or among stroke-victims in India. Worldwide,
irreversible. Similarly Night shift workers stroke is more common among men, but
have altered circadian pattern of blood women are more severely ill [24.7%]
pressure/heart rate and hormones like compared to men [19.7%].Current therapy
melatonin and cortisol. Due to this for post-ischemic stroke victims does not
variation, night shift worker suffers from address vascular cognitive impairment
various cardiovascular disorders and satisfactorily. Studies show that dietary
hormonal disturbances. choline and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]
are essential nutrients for neuronal
Some more studies have been designed to membrane phospholipid synthesis and
address the Glycemic variability effectively cognition. The objective of the present
by smart use of OHA and various Insulin study was to compare and analyse
preparations. hippocampal cyto-protection and cognitive
reserve in choline and DHA supplemented
male and postmenopausal rats with
Prof. Baldev Singh Oration ischemic stroke. 10 month old male and
Award ovarectomized [OVX] female Wistar rats
[n= 12/group] were assigned to 6 sub-
Prof. Kiranmai S Rai groups after ethical approval
HOD, Dept. of Physiology, [[IAEC/KMC/66/2010-2011]-Normal
Melaka, Manipal medical college, control male /female [NC-M/F], Bilateral
Manipal university, Manipal - 576104 common carotid artery occlusion [BCCAO-
M/F], and BCCAO supplemented with both
choline [4.6mmol/kg/bodyweight /day]
Gender variation in hippocampal cyto- and DHA [300 mg/kg/day] [BCCAO-
Cho+DHA- M/F] post-surgery for 15 days.
protection and cognitive reserve of
All rats were then tested for passive
male and postmenopausal ischemic
avoidance memory and later euthanized
stroke rats supplemented with choline to analyse hippocampal neural cell survival
and docosahexaenoic acid and brain lipid peroxidation, antioxidant
status [n=6/group]. Both male and OVX-
Kiranmai S Rai1*, Siva Kumar G2, BCCAO female rats showed significant
Anjaneyulu K3, Kumar MR Bhat4, deficits (p< 0.001, 0.01 respectively) in
Mohandas Rao K G5 learning and memory retention compared
to age-matched NC rats. BCCAO-Cho+DHA
1*
Department of Physiology, Melaka supplemented rats showed higher
Manipal Medical College, 2Department of significant attenuation of cognitive deficits
Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, (p<0.001) in males as compared with same
3
Department of Anatomy, Kasturba in OVX- BCCAO rats (p<0.05). Analysis of
Medical College, Manipal University, Nissl stained hippocampal sections
INDIA, 4Department of Anatomy, RAK showed higher significant deficits
College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical (p<0.001) of surviving CA1 and CA3 neural
and Health Sciences University, Ras Al cells in male BCCAO rats and lesser in OVX-
Khaimah, UAE, 5Department of Anatomy, BCCAO rats (p<0.05) compared with same
Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal in age-matched NC rats. BCCAO-Cho+DHA
University, INDIA. significantly attenuated (p<0.05) CA1 and
CA3 neural cell deficits in males whilst no
Stroke is the second leading cause of significant attenuation was observed in
mortality worldwide with an overall OVX-BCCAO rats compared with same in
prevalence of 68-80% of ischemic stroke, age-matched NC rats. Moreover, BCCAO-
Cho+DHA also mildly enhanced (p<0.05)
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brain antioxidant with no significant admixture of Europeans and Asian-Indians
attenuation of lipid peroxidation levels in are five-times less susceptible than
males whilst no significant changes of Indians.We evaluated the neural basis of
same parameters were observed in OVX- this phenomenon using the
BCCAO rats compared with same in age- cytomorphological features of
matched NC rats. Supplementation of susceptibility to nigrostriatal neurotoxin 1-
choline and DHA during post-ischemic methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-
stroke recovery in rats provides better tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The nigral
hippocampal cyto-protection and cognitive dopaminergic neuronal numbers, their size
reserve in males compared to the same in and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), PitX3 and
ovarectomized females. Nurr1 expression were compared in
MPTP-susceptible C57BL/6J mice, MPTP-
Key words: Ischemic stroke, Choline, resistant CD-1 mice and their crossbreds
Docasahexaenoic acid [DHA], learning and using stereology, morphometry and
memory, hippocampus, antioxidant, lipid densitometry.
peroxidation
Apoptotic index was evaluated by TUNEL-
BK Anand Research Prize assay and caspase-3 expression. Striatal
volume, TH and glial derived neurotrophic
factor (GDNF) expression were studied.
Dr. Vidyadhara D J The normal CD-1 and crossbreds had
Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of Neurophysiology, significantly more, although smaller, nigral
National Institute of Mental Health and dopaminergic neurons than C57BL/6J, and
Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029. a larger striatum. The crossbreds had
higher TH, Nurr1 and PitX3 levels. MPTP
administration caused loss of ~50–60 %
Admixing of MPTP-Resistant and nigral dopaminergic neurons in C57BL/6J
Susceptible Mice Strains Augments and ~15 % in CD- 1, but none in
Nigrostriatal Neuronal Correlates to crossbreds. MPTP-induced cellular
Resist MPTP-Induced shrinkage in C57BL/6J was contrasted by
Neurodegeneration nuclear enlargement without somal
alterations in resistant strains. MPTP
D. J. Vidyadhara1, H. Yarreiphang, T. lowered the striatal TH and GDNF in
C57BL/6J. Elevated striatal GDNF in CD-1
R. Raju, Phalguni Anand Alladi
and crossbreds could be of compensatory
1 nature and complemented the reduced
Ph.D. Scholar Dept. of Neurophysiology,
nigral caspase-3 expression to attenuate
National Institute of Mental Health and
and/or block apoptosis. Similar neural
Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029.
correlates of resilience are envisaged in
the Anglo-Indian population.
Disease genetics in admixed populations
like Hispanic-Americans, African-
Thus, we present the core
Americans, etc. are gaining importance
neuroanatomical features of resilience
due to high disease burden in them.
against PD and evidence for ethnicity-
Furthermore, epidemiological studies
based differential prevalence.
conclusively prove ethnicity-based
differential prevalence of Parkinson’s
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease prevalence,
disease (PD), since the American-
First filial generation crossbreds,
Caucasians are more susceptible than
Substantia nigra pars compacta, Dorsal
Asian- Indians and Africans. striatum . Dopaminergic neurons, MPTP
Contradictorily, Anglo-Indians, an susceptibility
rd
Prof. R.C. Shukla Oration of heart rate variability and weakened
postural reflexes in neck-irradiated
Award patients.
Manish Goyala Conclusion: Decreased heart rate

Asst. Professor, Dept. of Physiology, All variability in neck-irradiated patients
India Institute of Medical Sciences, reflects an independent risk of
Bhubaneswar, Odisha cardiovascular morbidity. The early
detection of cardiovascular impairment in
Cardiovascular sequel of neck such patients may help healthcare
irradiation in head and neck cancer professionals in providing better care.
patients Furthermore, the dose delivered to the
carotid sinus should be monitored and
restricted.
Manish Goyala
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Physiology, All C L Malhotra Research Prize

India Institute of Medical Sciences,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha Dr Pankaj Prabhakar
DST- Post Doctaral Fellow
Purpose: The baroreflex is an important Dept. of Biochemistry,University of Delhi
afferent mechanism controlling autonomic South Campus
functions. As afferent nerves course Benito Juarez road, Dhaula Kuan
through the neck, they are susceptible to New Delhi 110021
damage by neck irradiation in head and
neck cancer patients. With increased α-Amyrin attenuates high-fructose
survival of head and neck cancer patients diet-induced metabolic syndrome in
because of improved therapy, the rats
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in
them have become apparent and this is of
PankajPrabhakar1, KH Reeta1, Subir
clinical concern. There are few case
reports of baroreflex failure as achronic Kumar Maulik1, Amit Kumar Dinda2,
sequel to neck irradiation. Yogendra Kumar Gupta1
1
Objectives: The present study evaluated Department of Pharmacology,
2
the changes in cardio-autonomic tone and Department of Pathology, All India
postural cardiovascular reflex in neck- Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-
irradiated patients. 110029, India
Methods: Head and neck cancer patients This study investigated the effect of α-
who had received neck irradiation (n¼15) amyrin (a pentacyclictriterpene) on high-
and healthy controls (n¼15) were fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic
evaluated for heart rate variability with syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were
time domain analysis of 5 min ECG randomly distributed into different groups.
recording. Postural cardiovascular reflexes The control group was fed normal rat
were studied with changes in blood chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD
pressure and heart rate in the lying to (60%; w/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10
standing test. mg/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a
standard drug. α-Amyrin was administered
Results: Our results suggest that there is a in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally,
reduction in overall time domain measures once daily along with HFD). Plasma
rd
glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and described in the present article to
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- measure the compliance of the “lung-
C) were estimated. Changes in blood thorax” combine in human subjects with
pressure, oral glucose tolerance and the caveat that what is recorded is not
insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic “lung” compliance and the data generated
oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA are of little clinical use. The device
(mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome comprises a spirometer, a manometer, a
proliferator-activated receptor alpha mouthpiece, and interconnecting tubes
(PPAR-α) were analyzed. A significant guarded with stopcocks.
increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma
glucose, total cholesterol and plasma Dev Raj Bajaj Research Prize
triglycerides and a significant decrease in
HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as
compared with control rats. Glucose Dr. Siju G. Chacko
tolerance and insulin tolerance were also Ph.D. Scholar
significantly impaired with HFD. α-Amyrin Dept. of physiology , AIIMS,
prevented these changes in a dose- Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029
dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative
stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular Surface Laplacian of spherical spline
fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by improves the classi_cation accuracy
HFD were also attenuated by α-amyrin. α- for mu rhythm based Brain Computer
Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and Interface
protein levels of PPAR-α, which was
reduced in HFD group. This study thus S. G. Chacko, N. Ahuja, N. Pegwal, P.
demonstrates that α-amyrin attenuates Tayade, S. Kaur, and R. Sharma
HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
Department of Physiology, All India
H H Loesheke Research Prize Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Dr. Sabyasachi Sircar The present study aims to _nd the best
Prof & Head of Physiology, AIIMS Jodhpur, spherical surface Laplacian for mu rhythm
Basni Insustrial Area Phase – 2, JODHPUR – based Brain Computer Interface (BCI).
342005 Further, the study also tried to _nd out
whether the spherical surface Laplacian
A simple device for measuring static function has a positive inuence on
classi_cation accuracy with respect to non-
compliance of lung-thorax combine
Laplacian transformed data. EEG was
recorded using high density sensor-net
Sabyasachi Sircar (128-channel) in _ve subjects for eyes
open and grab movement. Laplacian
Department of Physiology, All India function was applied on data and power
Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, value of mu rhythm at each channel was
India used as feature for Support Vector
Machine (SVM). SVM performance was
Explaining the concept of lung compliance signi_cantly (p < 0:001) better for the data
remains a challenge to the physiology transformed with surface Laplacian with m
teacher because it cannot be values of 2 and 3 compared to the non-
demonstrated easily in human subjects Laplacian transformed data. In conclusion,
and all attempts until now have used only Laplacian function of spline interpolation
simulation models. A simple device is improves the performance and
rd
classi_cation accuracy for mu rhythm need of the time. The present study aimed
based BCI. Further, these results can also to determine the effects of the alcoholic
be used for the accurate classi_cation of extracts of roots of the SalaciareticulataW.
motor imagery. (SR) and ClitoriaternateaL.(CT) on
cognitive and behavioral changes in
Keyword: Brain Computer Interface, juvenile diabetic rats.
Spherical Surface Laplacian, Support
Vector Machine, Machine Learning, mu Methods: Diabetes was induced in 25-day-
rhythm, Motor imagery old Wistar rats by streptozotocin (50
mg/kg bw, IP). Animals were divided into
seven groups (n = 6). Rats were treated
Best Teacher Award with root extracts of SR and CT (100 mg/kg
BW each) for 30 days, from day 1 and day
Dr Gopal Krushna Pal 20 of diabetes confirmation. Then, rats
Dean, JIPMER , Karaikal, Puducherry were tested in elevated plus maze (EPM)
and Morris water maze (MWM).
Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.05)

A V Tilak Parvathi Devi Prize difference was observed between the
SRCT group and diabetic groups of rats.
Dr Rajashree R. Apart from decreasing FBS, the combined
Professor therapy also proved beneficial as
Dept. of Physiology and coordinator, nootropic agent in rats with early-onset
Medical Education Unit, Gadag Institute of diabetes. However, significant
Medical sciences, Gadag, Karnataka state, improvement isobserved only in the
India learning and memory among
preventivegroup, but not in the curative
Effect of group.
SalaciareticulataW.AndClitoriaternate
aL.on the cognitive and behavioral Conclusions: SRCT, a herbal formula, when
changes in the streptozotocin-induced used in combination, has a more potent
young diabetic rats effect in preventing the deleterious effects
R. Rajashree, RajaniPatil, Sanjiva D. of juvenile diabetes on cognitive and
behavioral changes.
Khlokute and Shivaprasad S. Goudar
Keywords: anxiety; cognition; diabetes
Professor, Dept.of Physiology and mellitus of early onset; learning; memory;
Coordinator, Medical education Unit, treptozotocin.
Gadag Institute of Medical sciences,
Gadag, Karnataka state, India
Best Branch Award
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) of
juvenile onset affects both the peripheral Belgaum Branch
and central nervous systems (CNS). Dr. Sanjay Bhalerao
However, central effects are less Secretary
documented and studied than peripheral APPI Belgaum Branch, Beagavi
deficits. Currently, the only feasible
treatment available for type 1 DM (T1DM)
is insulin which has its own limitations.
Hence, an alternative therapy, especially a
newer herbal formulation is very much the
rd
Lifetime Achievement Based on the post-stimulus timings
(latency 0 of appearance of these waves,
Award these responses can be classified as short
latency (within 10 msec 0, mid-latency
O P Tandon (with in 50 msec) and long latency (beyond
Ex-Professor and Head, 50 msec).Normally the total duration of
Department of physiology, UCMS and stimulus or event related evoked response
GTB Hospital Dilshad Garden Delhi is 1 second after the application of
stimulus.The absolute peak latencies,
interpeak latencies and amplitude of each
wave denote the functional integrity nof
Evoked Potentials and Their Clinical
the sensory pathway involved in illicitng
Applications the response. Hence the normative data of
these evoked responses has to be worked
O P Tandon out in the evoked potential lab for the
healthy, normal individuals before
Ex-Professor and Head, comparing it with the patients. The criteria
Department of physiology, UCMS and of abnormality are; Latency or interpeak
GTB Hospital Dilshad Garden Delhi latency beyond 99% tolerance limit,50%
reduction in amplitude or absence of
The term Evoked potentials simply mean particular wave or abnormal pattern.
Brain waves (electrical potentials)
generated in response to a specific stimuli. The evoked potentials have wide
Averaging and computing of these applications not only in the field of clinical
potentials produce well defined wave medicine but also in toxicology,
pattern known as brain evoked responses. occupational and forensic medicine.The
Depending upon the type of stimulus used auditory responses are being used as tool
these responses can be Auditory, Visual or for screening hearing in new born,
Somatosensory. Since these are obligatory diagnosing peripheral and CNS disorders
neural responses to stimuli this class of of hearing, neurodegerative disorders,
evoked responses or potentials are called metabolic disorders, inflammations and
as Stimulus related or Exogenous tumors of the brain. These responses are
potentials.The other class of evoked are also used to monitor the depth of an
potentials is the Event related or aesthesia and also as intra operative
Endogenous evoked potentials which are monitoring device. In the occupational
the responses in relation to events of medicine these responses are widely used
cognition, attention, discrimination or to assess sensory and cognitive functions
reaction to a target stimulus. These in the factory workers exposed to
evoked responses are picked up from the pollutants in work lace environment.
scalp by placing electrodes at specific Recently the P3 component of the event
points (10-20 system of electrode related evoked potential has been used as
placement). The potentials evoked by the Brain fingerprinting tool in forensic
stimuli are propagated along the sensory medicine to prove innocence or guilt.
nerves and tracts and relay stations in the
brainstem to the cortex. The signals are
volume conducted through the body tissue
and fluids to the surface electrodes. On
their way these potentials are modified by
activity of generators in the CNS in order
to give them final wave form pattern.
rd
R. Srinivasan PG Prize Abstracts
AW-RS-001 6, McGill pain questionnaire, Pain
Beliefs Questionnaire, Coping
Low Frequency Repetitive Strategies Questionnaire, State- Trait
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Anxiety Inventory test and WHO-
a Therapeutic Intervention in Chronic Quality of Life questionnaire (brief
Tension-Type Headache: a version) were filled and objective
Randomized Control Study assessments such as nociceptive
flexion reflex and conditioned pain
B. Mattoo1, S. Tanwar1, S. Jain1, M. modulation were done.
Tripathi2, R. Bhatia2 Intervention:1Hz 1200 pulses in 8
trains consisting of 150 pulses at 110%
1
Department of Physiology, of the resting motor threshold were
2
Department of Neurology, All India given on the right dorsolateral
Institute of Medical Sciences, New prefrontal cortex for 20days
Delhi, India. (5days/week) in the real TMS group.
Post intervention the assessments and
Introduction: Tension-type headache questionnaires were repeated.
(TTH) is the most common type of
primary headache disorder. Its chronic Result: We got subjective
form is often the most ignored and improvements in the numerical pain
challenging to treat. The exact rating scale, headache impact test, Mc
pathogenesis of chronic tension-type gill present pain intensity, trait of
headache (CTTH) is still unclear and the anxiety and psychological pain beliefs.
oscillation between peripheral The increase in thresholds of
mechanisms (myofascial nociception) nociceptive flexion reflex served as an
and central mechanisms (sensitization objective marker for improvement in
and inadequate endogenous pain pain status.
control) remains. The aim of our study
was to explore the effect of repetitive Conclusion: Low frequency rTMS on
transcranial magnetic stimulation right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(rTMS) on pain status in CTTH by may be used as a therapeutic
subjective and objective pain intervention in chronic tension-type
assessment. headache.
Trial design: Single blind randomized Key words: Pain assessment,

control trial Nociceptive flexion reflex, Chronic
pain, Neuromodulation, Prefrontal
Methods: Patients (n=30) diagnosed cortex, Brain stimulation
with chronic tension-type headache
were recruited and randomized into
real (n=15) and sham (n=15) rTMS
groups. Pre-intervention detailed
history of the patient was taken,
Numerical pain rating scale as well as
questionnaires (Headache impact test-
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AW-RS-002 Keywords: Aerobic exercise, fat
oxidation, obesity, physical inactivity,
Cardiovascular Response and RER.
Substrate Utilisation in Cycle
Ergometer and Treadmill Aerobic AW-RS-003
Exercise Matched for Energy
Expenditure Normative Frequency of Single
Nucleotide Polymorphism of Matrix
Priyanka Sharma1, Sunita Tiwari1, Metalloproteinase-9 Related to
Mayank Agarwal2, Dileep Verma1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease in Healthy South Indian
1
Department of Physiology, King George’s Population and Comparison of Serum
Medical University, UP, Lucknow, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels
2
Department of Physiology, Hind Institute Among Genotype Groups
of Medical Sciences, Barabanki.
Jothi Marie Feula A1, Dhanalakshmi Y1, Pal
Background: The low physical activity G K1, Sandhiya S 2
level is a cause of increasing obesity
prevalence in India. Aerobic exercise 1
(AE) is one of the best ways to expend 2
Department of Pharmacology,JIPMER,
calories and lose weight. The bicycle Puducherry.
ergometer (CE) and treadmill (TM)
exercises are the commonest to Background: Chronic Obstructive
perform as indoor AE. Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disorder of
airway obstruction that is not completely
Aim:To compare TM with CE AE for reversible. Genetic factors play an
cardiovascular response and fat important role in the development of the
oxidation at similar energy expenditure COPD. In our study we aimed at
determining the normative frequency of
COPD related MMP-9 gene polymorphism
Methods: The present crossover study
(Gln279Arg) in healthy South Indian
involved 25 young males who population and we have also compared
performed an acute bout of TM and CE serum MMP-9 levels among different
AE for 30 min for 180 Kcal energy genotype groups.
expenditure. Respiratory exchange
ratio (RER=CO2 production÷O2 Objective: To determine the frequency of
uptake), SBP, DBP and HR were COPD related MMP-9 gene polymorphism
accessed after the exercise bout. (Gln279Arg) among the healthy volunteers
of South India aged 18 to 45
Results: RER and HR were significantly years.Tocompare the serum MMP-9 levels
(p<.05) less while SBP, DBP, PP and among the different genotype groups.
MAP were non-significantly less after
Materials and Methods: It was a cross
TM than CE.
sectional study conducted in the
Department of Physiology in collaboration
Conclusion: TM might be a preferred with Department of Clinical Pharmacology.
mode of AE for individuals requiring 125 healthy South Indian adults of 18 – 45
more fat oxidation with less exertion years were recruited. Pulmonary functions
on the cardiovascular system. of the subject were tested using
computerized spirometer Spirolab III.
Subjects with normal spirometry
rd
recordings were recruited for the study. 5 perform two emotional interference
ml of venous blood was collected. DNA task – Face Word Interference and
extraction, genotyping and serum MMP-9 Word Face Interference. The task and
level estimation were done. Results were eyes open baseline EEG has been
analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. P values preprocessed and inverse source
< 0.05 were considered statistically
modelling using sLORETA algorithm has
significant.
been performed. The activity of the
Results: The frequency of AA genotype cortical sources in the trial segment of
was found to be 26 (21%), AG was 53 both the tasks and baseline has been
(42%) and GG was 46 (37%). The computed for 66 gyri. The cortical
frequency of ‘A’ allele was 0.42 and ‘G’ activities were compared between
allele was 0.58. MMP-9 levels were tasks and baseline.
significantly increased in AA genotype
groups when compared to other groups. Results: Eighteen gyri and Fifty four
gyri have shown significantly
Conclusion: Identifying the genotype decreased activity (p<0.05/66) in Face
group amongst the South Indians that is Word Interference vs Baseline and
significantly associated with COPD, will Word Face Interference vs Baseline
enable us to delineate the individuals
respectively.
susceptible to the disease.
Key words: COPD related gene Conclusion: The study attempted to

polymorphism, Gln279Arg, MMP-9 elucidate the phenomenon of
polymorphism, MMP – 9 levels. emotional interference stimuli
disengaging frontoparietal networks. It
AW-RS-004 also elucidated areas associated with
default mode network which has
Neural Substrates of Emotional shown disengagement during task
Interference: A QEEG Study conditions.
Batabyal T1, Muthukrishnan SP2, Keywords: emotional interference,

Sharma R1, Tayade P1, Kaur S1 cortical sources, frontoparietal
attentional networks,amygdale,
1
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging inhibition
Laboratory, Department of Physiology,
2
AIIMS,New Delhi, Department of AW-RS-005
Physiology, PGIMER and Dr. R.M.L
Hospital, New Delhi. Effect of Non Invasive Vagus Nerve
Stimulation on SBP and Qtc in
Introduction:Emotional interference Experimentally Induced Hypertensive
disrupts executive functioning. Rats
However the dynamic interplay of
neural substrates of emotion and Ankit Gupta1, Pradeep Kumar1
executive attentional network is widely
unexplored. The present study 1
Department of Physiology, King George
attempts to elucidate areas implicated Medical University,Lucknow.
in emotional interference condition.
Background:Hypertension is known for its
Materials and methods: Fifteen right complex patho-physiology and multiple
handed individuals (24.64 ± 2.63 yrs) etiological factors.HTN poses a great
rd
1
threat worldwide over the cardiovascular Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal
status of an individual. Resistant Institute of Post Graduate Medical
hypertension cases are emerging even Education and Research, 2Department of
after use 3 or more antihypertensive Physical Education, Pondicherry
drugsThus, research for non- University, Puducherry.
pharmacological management for
hypertension is needed. Background:Physical inactivity and
resultant obesity are highly prevalent in
Objectives: The study aimed to know the the contemporary world. Global reviews
effect of non invasive transcutaneous reveal that even an acute bout of physical
electrical stimulation at the level of tragus exercise can enhance the cognitive
(supplied by vagus nerve) on BP and QTc in functioning and reduce the inflammation
experimentally induced hypertensive rats. in an individual. There is a paucity of
studies analysing the effects of exercise on
Material and methods:A total of 12 male cognition and inflammation in developing
wister rats were included in this study.HTN countries.
was induced experimentally in Group II
(N=6) rats by oral administration of L- Methods: The study is a double-arm
NAME (40mg/kg) for 21 days. Vagus nerve parallel design randomised controlled
at the level of tragus was stimulated after study. Forty males (40 athletes and 40 age
Ketamine(50mg/kg)/Xylazine (5mg/kg) and BMI-matched non-athletes) were
anaesthesia. BP and QTc were recorded by randomly allocated to moderate and high-
NIBP and Advanced CVS recording intensity treadmill exercises. The two
instrument(AD Instrument, ,Australia) groups were studied for exercise-induced
respectively. effects on cognitive parameters (p300
latency and reaction time) and
Results:Baseline SBP in control rats was inflammatory status. The effects of two
123.07± 4.51 mmHg while SBP after varying intensities of exercise are
developing hypertension was 146.88 ± compared in each group.
4.81 mmHg. After stimulation SBP values
in hypertensive rats becomes 119.74 ± Results:There was a significant post-
3.06 mmHg. QTc changes is to be exercise reduction in p300 latency
discussed later. (p<0.001) and reaction time (p<0.001) in
both the groups. The athletes had reduced
Conclusion:Trans-cutaneous electrical levels of pro-inflammatory markers at
stimulation of tragus is effective non baseline. Sub-analyses revealed no
invasive method to lower the SBP. intensity-based differences in exercise-
induced changes. Significant inverse
Keywords: non invasive vagus nerve correlation was observed between visual
stimulation,BP,QTc, hypertensive rats. reaction time and serum adiponectin
levels.
AW-RS-006
Conclusion:Acute bouts of physical
exercise can enhance the cognitive
Comparison of the Effects of Acute
functions irrespective of one being athlete
Bout of Exercise on Cognition and or non-athlete. Even milder forms of
Inflammation Between Athletes and exercise can bring about significant
Non-Athletes: A Randomized improvement in cognitive functioning and
Controlled Trial inflammatory status.
Keni Gowsi1, Vivek Kumar Sharma1, Gopal Keywords: acute exercise, athletes,
Krushna Pal1, Praveen Aaramban2 cognition, p300 latency, reaction time,
inflammation
rd
AW-RS-007 association of uric acid level with neck
circumference was highly significant (p
Neck Circumference as a Tool for 0.011)
Predicting Hyperuricaemia: A Hospital
based Cross-sectional Study Conclusion: The significant association of
uric acid level with neck circumference
suggests neck circumference as an
Ankita Chaturvedi1, Narsingh Verma1,
emerging novel marker for metabolic
Jagdish Narayan1, Sunita Tiwari1
syndrome.
1
Dept. of Physiology, King George’s
Keywords: hyperuricaemia, neck
Medical University, Lucknow, UP.
circumference, metabolic syndrome
Background: Upper-body fat
AW-RS-008
distribution has long been recognized
as a risk factor to increased
A Comparative Study of
cardiovascular disease and neck
Parasympathetic Function Tests
circumference has been used as an
during Different Phases of Menstrual
index for upper body fat distribution.
Cycle in Young Healthy Females
Serum uric acid levels are also included
as a risk factor for cardiovascular
Shaily Verma1, Prashant Khuraiya2, Rajni
disease Soni1
Objectives:This study was aimed to Department of Physiology, M.G.M.

evaluate the relationship of neck Medical College, Indore (M.P.),
circumference as a parameter in 2
Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical
predicting hyperuricaemia. College, Indore (M.P.).
Material and methods:The present study Background: The hormonal fluctuations

was conducted in the department of that occur during normal menstrual cycle
Physiology, and Pathology of King has profound influence on autonomic
George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP. functions.
160subjects aged 18-60 years were
enrolled excluding those having any Objectives:To study the variation of
anatomical deformity, diabetes and/or Parasympathetic function tests during
hypertension for more than 5 years. Their different Phases of menstrual cycle.
anthropometric parameters, lipid profile,
fasting plasma glucose and uric acid levels Material and methods: The study was
were measured. carried out on 50 healthy female subjects
with normal menstrual cycles between the
Results: In this study, 62.5% subjects were ages of 18 to 25 years. Various
males and 37.5% were females. Mean age parasympathetic function tests were
of the study population was 38.8 ± 13.17 performed that include heart rate
years. The study population was divided response to standing, deep breathing and
into three groups based on their serum Valsalva maneuver. Results were analysed
uric acid levels. Mean neck circumference using ANOVA and student-t-test.
of subjects with hyperuricaemia and
normal serum uric acid levels were Results: During the menstrual cycle, we
38.42±2.34 cms and 37.35±3.99 cms found varied heart rate response with
respectively and was found significantly higher values towards the luteal phase.
higher than subjects with below normal There was statistically significant
uric acid levels (34.80±4.33 cms). The difference in the heart rate parameters
rd
like resting heart rate, 30:15 ratio, valsalva calculated for 10 seconds’ window at (1)
ratio and E:I ratio during different phases baseline, (2) immediately before release
of menstrual cycle. (Pre-release) and (3) immediately after
release (Release).
Conclusion: Study concludes that there
was increased sympathetic activity in Results: ARI (Autoregulatory index) values
luteal phase compared to the increased decreased significantly from ARIR 5.46 ±
parasympathetic activity in follicular 1.47, ARIL 5.46 ± 1.14, to ARIR 2.0 ± 1.35,
phase. ARIL 1.65 ± 1.37 (p-value< 0.0001) and
ARIR1.64 ± 1.09, ARIL 1.41 ± 1.18, (p-value
Keywords: Parasympathetic function tests, <0.0001) after 3% CO2 and 5% CO2 trial
Menstrual cycle, Heart rate respectively. Both CCP (P <.002) and RAP
(<.0001) values decreased from baseline
AW-RS-009 (10.3 9.8 mmHg, 1.38 0.41
mmHg.Sec/Cm) to pre-release (1.07 9.7
mmhg,1.12 0.38 mmHg.sec/cm) after 3%
Hypercapnia Mediated Impairment of
hypercapnia trial and from baseline (9.12 ±
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation 9.74 mmHg,1.45 0.42 mmHg.sec/cm) to
during Transient Hypotension pre-release (-0.66 ± 15.4 mmHg,1.13
0.36 mmHg.sec/cm) after 5% hypercapnia
V singh1, Shivangi1, K Prakash2, AK Jaryal1, trial. No significant changes were observed
KK Deepak1 in CCP value during thigh cuff release with
all three trials. RAP significantly dropped
1
Department of Physiology, All India from pre-release value after thigh cuff
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, release in all three trials. Drop in RAP
2
Department of Physiology, Government attenuated during hypercapnia trial and
medical College, Chandigarh. had significant (P <.0001) difference
between RAP release – pre-release for Normal
Background and objective :Hypercapnia breathing (-0.20 0.12) and CO2 trials (-
leads to increased cerebral blood flow by 0.089 0.09).
decreasing the cerebrovascular resistance
(CVR). It also leads to decreased efficiency Conclusion: Hypercapnia leads to
of cerebral autoregulation. Two parameter impairment of ARI during transient
model using critical closing pressure (CCP) hypotension by changing the vascular
and resistance area product (RAP), resistance i.e. RAP without any effect on
effectively describes the role of vascular vascular tone i.e. CCP. These changes in
tone and resistance respectively in altering RAP also reflect impaired myogenic
cerebrovascular resistance and its component of autoregulation even during
autoregulation. metabolic challenge caused by
hypercapnia.
Methods: 26 healthy subjects underwent
bilateral transcranial Doppler and Key Words: Dynamic cerebral
continuous arterial blood pressure autoregulation, Hypercapnia,
recording. Transient hypotension was Hypotension, Cerebrovascular regulation,
induced by releasing large thigh cuff after Myogenic Autoregulation
inflation for 3 minutes. Thigh cuff
manoeuvre was repeated with normal
breathing trial, 3% CO2 breathing trial and
5% CO2 breathing trial with CO2 inhalation
given for last 45 secs of thigh cuff
manoeuvre and continued for 90 seconds
after release. ARI was calculated with
Tieck’s model. CCP and RAP were
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AW-RS-010 Conclusion:Significantly increased WC
with increased IR and decreased CRF in
Assessment of Epicardial Fat study group indicates that centrally obese
Thickness and Cardiovascular individuals are at high risk for the
Functions in Young Centrally Obese occurrence of adverse cardiovascular
events in future.
Individuals
Keywords: Obesity, Cardiovascular
Kalaiarasi S1, Girwar Singh Gaur1, Vivek
diseases, Epicardial Fat Thickness, Insulin
Kumar Sharma1, Santhosh Satheesh2
Resistance, Cardiorespiratory fitness.
1
Department of Physiology, 2Department
AW-RS-011
of Cardiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
To compare the Impairment in “Lung
Background: Obesity has been associated
Age” due to Various Etiologies among
with various life style related disorders like
B.R.T.S. Traffic Wardens of Indore city
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, metabolic syndrome, etc.
Centripetal obesity, which is a better Garima Shrivastava1, Sumit Sinha2, Rajni
predictor of adverse cardiovascular events Soni1
when compared to generalised obesity, is 1
measured by Waist Circumference (WC) & Department of Physiology, MGM Medical
Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR). Epicardial fat College, Indore, M.P., 2MD [Medicine]
thickness (EFT) and cardiorespiratory Apollo Hospital, Indore, M.P.
fitness (CRF) have been identified as
independent risk factors for the Increased vehicular pollution is an
development of various cardiovascular occupational hazard to people working in
events. Insulin resistance (IR) was also traffic like BRTS wardens which impairs the
found to be associated with adverse lung functions causing discrepancy
cardiovascular events by various between chronological and observed age
mechanisms. of lung resulting in early lung aging
Objective: To compare EFT, CRF and IR This study aims in comparing the increase
between centrally obese and non-obese in LUNG AGE due to various etiologies by
young individuals. assessing their lung functions using RMS
Helios 401 computerized spirometer on
Material & Method: This is a Collaborative adult males aged 18-50 years working as
& Cross-Sectional study between the BRTS traffic wardens in Indore City and
Department of Physiology & Cardiology, controls were matched for the same
JIPMER. 79 centrally obese and 82 normal parameters. They were further
young adults (18-30yrs) were recruited for categorized into smokers and non-
the study. Anthropometric parameters, smokers. Lung age was significantly more
Basal parameters, IR using fasting blood among non-smoker cases [BRTS Wardens]
sample, EFT by echocardiography and CRF and particularly the cases more exposed to
by maximal treadmill exercise testing were the pollution. However, smoking among
assessed. Data were analysed and p-value cases and controls overshadowed the
< 0.05 was considered statistically effect of air pollution in causing lung
significant. ageing. These findings suggest that though
air pollution causes lung ageing, smoking
Results: Statistically significant increase in still, is the major etiology causing
EFT & IR with decrease in CRF was increased lung ageing.
observed in the study group when
compared to control group.
rd
Harish Gupta UG Prize Abstracts
AW-HG-001 cardiovascular parameters on ingestion of

water at 450C. It can be concluded that
Does Warm Water Ingestion warm water ingestion does not
Modulate Cardiovascular Autonomic significantly modulate cardiovascular
autonomic oscillations.
Oscillations?
Keywords:Warm water ingestion,Heart
Shashikant Saini1, Anish Singhal2, Om lata
Rate Variability, Blood Pressure Variability,
Bhagat3, Sabyasachi Sircar4
Baroreflex sensitivity
1
MBBSII professional student, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur,2
AW-HG-002
Senior Resident, Department of
Emotional Intelligence and
Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Hypertension.
Sciences, Jodhpur, 3 Associate Professor,
Department of Physiology, All India Usha Nandini M1,Vishwanatha Rao2
Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 4
1
Professor & Head, Department of MBBS student, Madha Medical College,
Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Chennai, 2Professor and Head Department
Sciences, Jodhpur. of Physiology, Madha Medical College,
Chennai.
Water ingestion is an essential act for
human survival and is known to increase Background:Research question: If a
the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). It is person has better knowledge about his
reported in the literature that cold water own emotions, can he reduce his risk of
enhances the vagal modulation but the becoming a hypertensive? Significance: If
effect of warm water ingestion has not we can identify this, the incidence of
been studied much. The present study was hypertension among young adults can be
planned to investigate the effect of water reduced by trying to intervene with their
ingestion at 250C, 370C and 450C. Ten emotional intelligence.
apparently healthy volunteers (18-
21years) were inducted in the study after Objectives: To correlate and identify
obtaining consent and thorough physical relationship between Blood Pressure and
examination. The subjects were asked to Emotional Intelligence values.
drink 500ml of water at different
Materials and Methods:It is a
temperatures on non-consecutive days.
Questionnaire based cross-sectional study.
Beat to beat BP and ECG was recorded at
45 samples were selected by Consecutive
baseline and for 30mins after water
Sampling Method. The subjects were
ingestion. The data was analysed for HRV
divided into three groups including a
and BPV in 5min epochs. HRV significantly
control group based on their history and
increased after 15mins of water ingestion.
Minimal changes were observed in all the BP. Their EI was evaluated using the
rd
TEIQue Questionnaire and analysed Background:Sleep is important for
statistically. homeostasis. A bidirectional association
has been shown between sleep and stress.
Results:The mean of the Emotional The effect these entities have on an
Intelligence score were: 29.87 +15.42 in individual’s reaction time is now being
the control group, 20.33 +17.69 in the old explored in research, as we have done in
hypertensives group and 3.07 +8.25 in the our study.
new hypertensives group. Chi square test
showed that the difference was highly Objectives: The aim of this study was to
significant (p<0.001). The correlation correlate sleep quality, perceived stress
coefficient of EI and Blood pressure was and reaction time in medical and dental
found to be -0.55 which showed an students, and to determine the extent the
inverse relationship. correlation of sleep quality and perceived
stress had on reaction time.
Conclusion:Our study has identified that
there is a difference in the EI values of Material and Methods: The Pittsburgh
newly diagnosed hypertensives and those Sleep Quality Index was administered for
already undergoing treatment compared sleep; Cohen’s perceived stress scale-10
to controls. There is an inverse for stress and the Digital Display Multiple
relationship between EI and BP. This study Choice Apparatus for reaction time. To
leads us to a hypothesis that evaluation of establish the degree of association
Emotional Intelligence can be used to between the variables such as sleep
screen normotensive hypertension cases quality, stress, auditory and visual reaction
and intervene before the established Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation (r) was
hypertension sets in. This is just a small computed.
step to initiate further longitudinal studies
in this arena. Thence, it could serve as a Result: Along with the high incidence of
basis for primordial prevention of poor sleepers and highly stressed students,
hypertension. we observed a critical point value in both
administered questionnaires, beyond
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Blood which both auditory and visual reaction
Pressure, Hypertension, Prevention time increased exponentially.
AW-HG-003 Conclusion:These findingsbring to light a

threshold value in both sleep quality and
Correlation of Sleep Quality, perceived stress, after which an
Perceived Stress and Reaction Time in exponential rise in auditory, visual reaction
Medical Students- A Cross sectional times is seen; in contrast with a linear rise
approaching this threshold value.
Study.
Keywords: Medical students, Dental
Megha Chopra, Dr. Rita Khadkikar
students, Sleep, Perceived stress, Reaction
Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College, time
Navi Mumbai.
rd
Research Papers : Oral Presentation Abstracts
data of two blocksand each trial type in a

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
block were sorted and compared.
FP-NP-001 Results: Face Word block (word as

distractor) has a significantly higher
Faces are Difficult to Comprehend and reaction time (p<0.0001) and lower
Disrupt Semantics Processing in accuracy percentage (p<0.0001) as
Emotional Interference Task. compared to Word Face block (face as a
distractor). In incongruent trials of Word
Batabyal T, Muthukrishnan S P, Sharma R, Face, higher reaction time (p=0.0129) and
TayadeP,KaurS
lower accuracy percentage (p=0.0029) has
been observed in comparison to
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging
Laboratory, Department of Physiology, congruent trials. In incongruent trials of
AIIMS, New Delhi Face Word, significantly lower accuracy
percentage (p=0.0039) and no significant
Background: Emotional Interference is difference in reaction time is observed in
manifested as a decline in executive comparison to congruent trials.
performance accounted in terms of
increased reaction time and decreased Conclusion: These findings suggest that
accuracy, when exposed to emotional emotional faces are difficult to
stimuli. However, there is paucity of comprehend and strongly disrupt
literature in investigating whether emotional word processing in conditions
emotional face or emotional word is a of emotional interference.
potent distractor.
Keywords: emotional interference,
Objectives: To investigate the executive distractor, reaction time, cognition,
performance of young adults in terms of accuracy, executive performance.
reaction time and accuracy percentage in
emotional interference task, wherein the FP-NP-002
distractor is emotional word in the first
block and emotional face in the second Effect of TSH Suppression Therapy on
block.
Nerve Conduction Studies in
Material & methods: 20young adults Hypothyroidism
(25.15 ± 2.97 years) performed two blocks
of an emotional interference task. Each A. Lalithamma, Dr.S.Vadivel
block comprises of trials designed with
emotional words overlaid on Department of Physiology,
emotionalfaces. Congruent and KarpagaVinayaga Institute of Medical
incongruent trials were designed. In Face Sciences,Dr.M.G.R Medical University
Word block, subjects were asked to
categorise the emotion of the face. In Background: Hypothyroidism develops
Word Face block, subjects were asked to many signs and symptoms and functional
categorise the emotion of the word. alterations in many organs and systems.
Reaction time and accuracy percentage Especially peripheral neuropathy develops
rd
early in hypothyroidism even before Background: Glaucoma, an optic
development of other symptoms. Hence neuropathy caused due to damage of
early detection of peripheral neuropathy retinal ganglionic cells and their axons is
in hypothyroidism is necessary for giving being considered as a neurodegenerative
early diagnosis and treatment. disease. Attention is one of the primary
cognitive processes that is affected in
Objective: To assess the electro diagnostic neurodegenerative diseases.
evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction
in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients Objectives: To study visual attention in
and to find out the effect of hormonal glaucoma patients compared to healthy
treatment after 3 months of duration. controls.
Methods &Materials: An observational Material & Methods: Twenty-eight newly

study was conducted in 25 newly diagnosed moderate primary glaucoma
diagnosed hypothyroid patients aged patients with mean deviation of visual
between20-60 were included for this fields (-7.06 dB) and 15 age-matched
study. Electro diagnostic workup healthy controls were recruited for the
performed at the initial time of diagnosis study. Visual attention was assessed by
and after 3 months for median and ulnar using modified Posner’s task. Subjects
nerves of upper limb. Electrophysiological were asked to fix their gaze at the center
parameters like distal motor latency, of screen (where fixation appears). On
amplitude and conduction velocity were either side of fixation, star mark appeared
evaluated. and subjects were instructed to respond
accordingly. Mean reaction time of the
Results: Shows that there were reduction total, correct and incorrect trials was
of conduction velocity before treatment analyzed. Unpaired t-test was used and p<
and statistically significant after 3 months 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
duration of hormonal treatment with
appropriate doses Results: Mean age of glaucoma patients
and controls (48.5 and 49.7 years
Conclusion: With hormonal replacement respectively) did not differ significantly.
therapy TT3, TT4, TSH and median and Performance of the glaucoma patients for
ulnar nerve motor and sensory functions modified Posner’s task was similar to the
were almost normal with hormonal controls in terms of the accuracy
replacement therapy. (controls=20 and glaucoma=18). However,
the mean reaction time for total & correct
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Motor Nerve trials was significantly higher in glaucoma
Conduction, Sensory Nerve Conduction, patients (611.7±205.8 and 613±204.4 ms)
Median Nerve, Ulnar Nerve, Thyroid compared to healthy controls respectively
Stimulating Hormone (471.7±94.74 and 471.7±94.74 ms) (p=0.01
and p=0.01).
FP-NP-003
Conclusion: The results of the study
indicate that glaucoma patients require
Visual Attention in Glaucoma more time to respond to stimuli
irrespective of accuracy. This suggests
Rupesh Samanchi1, Tanuj Dada2, Simran attentional impairment in patients with
moderate primary glaucoma.
Kaur1, Nalin Mehta1, Ratna Sharma1
1
Keywords: Modified Posner’s task,
Stress and Cognition Electroimaging Lab, Glaucoma, Visual attention
Department of Physiology, 2Dr. RPC for
Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
rd
FP-NP-004 significantly and alpha band spectral
power increased significantly in right
Cortical Processing of Music involves frontal, centro-parietal and bilateral
Differential Hemispheric occipital regions during music condition.
Beta and gamma band powers changed at
Lateralization of Theta and Alpha EEG
few locations.
bands
Conclusion: Cortical processing of music
Vinay Chitturi, Navdeep Ahuja, Simran
leads to differential hemispheric
Kaur, Ratna Sharma
lateralization in the theta and alpha EEG
bands.
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging
Laboratory (SCEL), Department of Keywords: qEEG, Music, hemispheric
Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi.
lateralization, wavelet transform.
Background: Music has been found to
FP-NP-005
affect multiple cognitive domains-
visuospatial processing, verbal
performance and linguistic performance. Blindness Enhances Texture
Cortical processing of music exhibits Perception: Role of Haptic Sense
hemispheric lateralization based on the
valence elicited. Dr. Bhirud B G1, Dr. Chandan L M2
Objectives: To study the cortical correlates 1

NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences,
of music processing as assessed through Digdoh,Nagpur, 2Seth G S Medical College,
quantitative Electroencephalography Parel, Mumbai.
(qEEG).
Background: In congenitally blind subjects,
Materials & Methods: High density 128 visual experience and visual imaginary is
channel EEG was recorded from 25 adult lacking which in turn forces them to be
male subjects during eyes open and dependent on haptic system for tactile
exposure to music, Mozart Sonata for 2 discriminative task. Many studies suggest
pianos –k448 for 5 minutes each. Artifact that visual experience facilitate the haptic
free segments of EEG were preprocessed processing of surrounding information
making sighted and late blind more
in Netstation and EEGLAB followed by
efficient in haptic perception compared to
Time-Frequency analysis through congenitally blinds. When it comes to
continuous wavelet transform (cwt) in texture identification, the role of visual
MATLAB to compute wavelet coefficients imaginary is not clear. In the view of this,
corresponding to spectral powers in theta, the present study want to investigate the
alpha, beta and gamma bands. Statistical utility of haptic system in texture
analysis was done in MATLAB by Friedman discriminative task when congenitally blind
test of repeated measures analysis of are compared with blindfolded sighted
variance by ranks. A post-hoc Wilcoxon individuals.
sign rank test was performed for the
comparison between eyes open and music Material & Method: This study was done
on 30 congenitally blind Braille subjects &
conditions with alpha value of significance
30 age & gender matched sighted subjects
adjusted to 0.05/129. who were blindfolded during the texture
discriminative task. Participants were
Results: Compared to baseline, theta band instructed to arrange the sandpapers of
spectral power in left centro-parietal and different grating from rough to smooth
occipital scalp regions decreased
rd
grading and performance was evaluated in Materials & methods:Vinegar,
terms of speed & accuracy. monosodium glutamate (Aginomoto),
honey, artificial sweetener sucralose and
Result:Congenitally blind subjects paracetamol solutions were applied on the
outperformed blindfolded sighted tongue and the appreciation of the five
subjects, both in terms of speed &
basic taste sensations (sweet, sour, salt,
accuracy.
bitter and umami) were elicited on a scale
Conclusion: Congenitally blind subjects of 0 to 10 on six healthy adult volunteers.
appear to get the benefit of their haptic Rating of zero indicated no sensation and
sense in texture discriminative task 10 indicated intense taste sensation.
resulting into faster & more accurate Following rinsing of mouth with Gymnema
perception. tea, the volunteers again rated the taste
intensity of the substances. The pre and
Key words: Haptic sense, blindness, post interventional ratings were compared
texture perception, visual imaginary, using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
tactile discrimination, haptic processing
Results:There was a significant reduction
FP-NP-006 in sweet sensation of honey (p 0.026) and
sucralose (0.043) following the application
The Effect ofthe Herb of Gymnema tea. There was also a
GymnemaSylvestreon Gustatory significant reduction in the bitter
Sensation: A Pilot Study sensation (p 0.038).
Anand Bhaskar1, Teena Maria Jose2 Conclusion:Results from this study shows
that Gymnemasylvestre tea can
1
Department of Physiology, Christian significantly decrease sweet and bitter
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, sensation. The decrease in sweet and
2
Department of Physiology, Government bitter sensation could be due to the
Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. blocking of GPCRs.
Background:The herb Gymnemasylvestre Keywords: Gymnemasylvestre, sweet,

has been used for treating diabetes taste
mellitus by Ayurveda doctors for many
years. Gymnemasylvestre can reduce FP-NP-007
blood sugar levels by increasing insulin
secretion and by inhibiting glucose Incongruency Influences Perception
absorption. It is also shown that it during Binocular Rivalry
reversibly inhibits sweet sensation by
inhibiting sugar receptors which are G Angel Anna Zacharia, Nalin Mehta,
protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Simran Kaur, Ratna Sharma
Objective:In the present study, we
investigated the effect of Gymnema tea
made from Gymnemasylvestre leaf Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
powder on different taste sensations
mediated through G protein coupled Background: Contextual regularity i.e. the
receptors (sweet and bitter) and non-G probability of an object to be in a
protein coupled receptors (sour, salt and particular background affects the
bitter). perception and helps in making faster
judgements. On the other hand, scenes
rd
with contextual violations have an easy Keywords: Binocular Rivalry, Congruent,
access to awareness and are used in Incongruent
advertisements. How different is the
perception of contextually regulated FP-NP-008
pictures otherwise known as congruent
pictures from that of incongruent i.e. A Study of Motor Nerve Conduction in
pictures with contextual violation is still Non-Diabetic Offspring of Type II
not clear. Diabetic Parents
Objectives: The present study investigates Tamilselvan K, Nirmala N, Godson Titus

the perceptual rivalry of visual scenes with Samuel J
contextual regularity (congruent) as well
as contextual violation (incongruent). Department of Physiology,Sri
Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital
Material & Methods:Forty subjects and Research Centre, Ariyur, Puducherry.
performed an intermittent binocular
rivalry paradigm between congruent and Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of
incongruent pictures presented through a global morbidity and mortality. As genetic
mirror stereoscope. A total of 900 trials inheritance is implicated in the
were given. For each trial, stimulus was pathogenesis of the disease,
presented for 600 ms followed by 600 ms polymorphism of various genes and
of interstimulus interval. Subjects were genetic mutations could be implicated in
asked to make specific key presses for the phenotype of the disease
different percepts. The number of manifestation. Recently, studies on
occurrences of congruent and incongruent inheritance of type II diabetes mellitus
percept and their mean reaction time (ms) have revealed the finding that the
were calculated for analysis. offspring of diabetic parents have
forewarning findings of altered
Results: Paired t test showed significantly bioelectrical activity even in their non-
(p<0.001) higher number of occurrences diabetic state. Therefore, this study has
for incongruent percept (43.55±3.93%) been designed to assess the alterations in
than congruent percept (38.43±3.584%) motor nerve conduction parameters in the
during intermittent binocular rivalry same population.
though no statistically significant
difference was found between reaction Objectives: To assess the median motor
time (421.42±95.15 ms for Congruent and nerve conduction parameters in non-
423.27±95.34 ms for Incongruent diabetic offspring of diabetic and non-
percept). diabetic parents and infer the impairment
in the study population by comparing
Conclusion: Incongruent pictures can between the groups.
attract attention and maintain it without
disengaging. This suggests that Material & Methods: Nerve conduction
incongruency is one of the stimulus study of median nerve (motor component)
feature which can actually determine was carried out in both hands of 60 non-
perception. diabetic volunteers between 18-25 years
(30 offspring of type II diabetic parents
and 30 offspring of non-diabetic parents,
rd
with equal gender population in each another alternative especially in cases with
group) in normal BMI range. pre-operative motor deficits.
Result: The comparison between the Objective: To compare the thresholds of

groups revealed no significant difference m-MEPs and D wave in patients
in mean latency, amplitude and undergoing spinal cord surgeries who
conduction velocity in the motor presented with preoperative deficits
component of median nerve between the without history of prior neurosurgery.
groups.
Method: TcMEP and D wave recording
Conclusion: From the observation of our was attempted in 24 patients. Muscle
study it could be inferred that impairment relaxant was not administered after
of neuronal function is not obvious in the intubation. TcMEP was recorded by
non-diabetic state thus making the transcranial electrical stimulation with
inference that neuropathy could be biphasic pulse train at 200 – 500 Hz using
secondary to glycation of biological corkscrew scalp electrodes placed at C3’
membrane that impairs conduction or the and C4’ in accordance with the
genetic mechanisms contribute to international 10-20 EEG system. D wave
dysregulation of glucose homeostasis that was recorded by stimulation with single
predisposes to neuropathy in type II pulse of normal polarity with same
diabetes. electrodes. The MEPs were recorded using
dual twisted needle electrodes placed in
Keywords: Motor nerve conduction, the appropriate muscles and D wave by a
Offspring of Type II diabetic parents 2 recording points catheter electrode
placed in epidural/subdural space placed
FP-NP-009 caudal to the lesion.
D Wave is better than TcMEP Result: D wave was recorded in all 24

(Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential) patients while the TcMEP was recordable
For Intraoperative Monitoring of in 21 patients. In 3 patients where the
Motor Tract during Neurosurgery of TcMEP was not recordable had severe
spasticity. Threshold voltage required for
Spine
eliciting D wave was 273.8 ± 160.9 V was
lower than that for eliciting TcMEP 616.7 ±
Bir M1, Gupta U1, Patel SK1, Netam R1,
242.6 V.
Singh A1, Kedia S2, Borkar S2, Kale SS2,
Chandran D1, Rath GP2, Jaryal AK1
Conclusion/Implications: In patients with
1 preoperative motor deficit D wave
technique is better than TcMEP for
Institute of Medical Sciences, New
monitoring motor pathways during
Delhi2Department of Neurosurgery, All
neurosurgery of spine. The threshold for
India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
TcMEP is higher in patients with
Delhi
preoperative neurological deficits.
Background: The assessment of functional
Keywords: D wave, TcMEP, motor tract,
integrity of the motor pathways during the
intraoperative neuromonitoring.
neurosurgery of spine is routinely done
with TcMEP. D wave monitoring offers
rd
FP-NP-010 Speed (p=0.01), Response inhibition
(p=0.01),immediate recall(p=0.0046)
A Comparative Study of Cognitive &delayed recall(p=0.0029) which were
Functions inMyopesandEmmetropes statistically significant.
Dr.Mamathashree.C, Dr.Prashanth.K.S, Conclusion:Myopes have better mental

Dr.Girija.B speed, sustained attention, executive
functions & visual memory compared to
Department of Physiology, Bangalore emmetropes.
Medical College & Research Institute,
Bengaluru, Karnataka. Keywords:Myopes, Emmetropes,
Cognition- Attention, Mental speed,
Background: Myopia is short sightedness Executive functions, Learning & Memory
or inability to visualise distant objects. It
more often develops during adolescence FP-NP-011
and progresses with educational level
probably due to greater use of near vision. The Event Related Potential Paradigm
Previous studies show significant in Response to Facial Affect
association between cognitive function Recognition in Patients with
and myopia. So this study was conducted Schizophrenia
to establish whether certain domains of
cognitive functions are indeed different in Dr. Sandhya G, Dr.Kirtana R Nayak,
myopes and emmetropes. Dr.Rajeshkrishna Bhandari,
Dr.SuryavanshiChinmayAjit
Objectives:To assess and compare
cognitive functions among myopes and Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
emmetropes.
Background:Event related potentials
Materials & methods: A comparative (ERPs) have been researched as indices of
study of cognitive functions was face perception and emotion recognition
conducted on 120 students. 60 myopes& and it has been deduced from these
60 emmetropes in the age group of 18– 25 studies that patients with schizophrenia
yrs were recruited based on preset exhibit deficits in facial affect recognition
eligibility criteria & were tested for at both behavioral and neural levels.
Sustained Attention by Digit Vigilance Test However, it is unclear as to which stage of
(DVT), Mental Speed by Digit Symbol facial affect processing is impaired. The
Substitution Test (DSST), Executive aim of this study was to elucidate the
functions by Stroop Test and Learning & significance of the face sensitive ERP
Memory by Complex Figure Test. Results components N170 and N250, in the
were statistically analysed using recognition of facial emotions in patients
students't' test with P value <0.05 as with schizophrenia and explore the stages
statistically significant. of facial affect processing that are
dysfunctional in the patients
Results:Myopes performed better in all
tests compared to Emmetropes with Methods:10 patients with schizophrenia
Sustained Attention (p=0.02), Mental and 10 age-matched healthy controls
rd
participated in a facial emotion Objectives: The study aimed to assess the
recognition task. A digitized series of association between specific language
Ekman faces displaying happy and sad impairment and childhood seizures.
facial expressions were simultaneously
recorded using a 32-channel EEG system. Material & Methods: Ninety four patients
of SLI were evaluated for history of
Results:The patients showed significant seizures, their type and age of onset.
impairments in facial affect recognition for Associated risk factors of SLI such as family
the two emotions evidenced by an history of seizures, prenatal, perinatal and
increase in latency and decrease in postnatal factors were also assessed. Their
amplitude of N170, which represents facial EEG changes were also studied.
decoding however N250, which represents
facial encoding did not show a significant Results: Out of 94 patients of SLI, about
increase in latency or decrease in one fifth (n=19, 20.21%) had history
amplitude. suggestive of seizures, of which 15 (78.9
%) were males and 4 (21.05%) females.
Conclusion:The results of this study Majority (57.9%) of patients had
indicate an impairment in the decoding of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n=11), in
facial expressions in patients with 21% of patients the picture was that of
schizophrenia which may contribute to the myoclonic seizures (n=4), in another 15.8%
cognitive symptoms of the disease. (n=3) history of status epilepticus was
documented.
FP-NP-012
Conclusion: The current study observed a
Association between Childhood highassociation of seizures in our cohort of
Seizures and Speech and Language children with specific language
Impairment. impairment. Since SLI has a multifactorial
etiology, seizures per se could not cause
Bharati Mehta1, Bharti Bhandari1, Manish these disorders. Prenatal and perinatal
Parakh2 insults, along with other risk factors may
account for development of SLI. However,
1
Department of Physiology, AIIMS, presence of seizures, particularly in
Jodhpur2Department of Paediatrics, infancy should be considered a warning
SNMC, Jodhpur signal to screen such children for
development of specific language
Background: A large group of children impairment.
develop language impairment where an
obvious cause for the same such as Keywords: Seizures, specific language
impaired hearing, mental retardation, cleft impairment, EEG,
lip/palate, gross neurological or
neuromuscular abnormalities affecting the
speech apparatus, and autism cannot be
found. This group is labelled as specific
language impairment (SLI)
rd
FP-NP-013 recorded. Significant differences were
found in CDT and CPT 24 hours post wire
Orthodontic Pain Alters Thermal placement (p= 0.0004 and 0.0001
Sensitivity of Masseter Muscle during respectively) in 20 patients (17士3.8
Fixed Orthodontic Therapy years).Interestingly significant gender
differences were also found.
Suvercha Arya1, Ritu Duggal2, Renu
Bhatia1 Conclusion: This suggests orthodontic pain
causes widespread peripheral
1
Department of Physiology, All India sensitization. Gender differences also exist
Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, in pain perception and experience
India 2Department of orthodontics and
orofacial orthopedics, Centre for Dental Keywords: Fixed orthodontic therapy,
Education and Research, AIIMS, New orofacial pain, peripheral sensitization,
Delhi, India inflammation, sensory testing
Background: Fixed orthodontic therapy FP-NP-014

implies placement of brackets, arch wires
and application of orthodontic traction Quality of Sleep is Associated with
forces for correction of malocclusion. Body Mass Index and Psychological
These forces cause acute, severe, self- Status of Young Adults - A cross
limiting but disturbing orthodontic pain. It sectional study
begins as soon as the forces are applied,
reaching a peak at 24 hours and subsides Rajalakshmi.R1, R. Srija1, M.Thenmozhi2
within a week. Reports suggest
1
orthodontic treatment alters sensory Department of Physiology,Indira Gandhi
perception intra-orally, but whether Medical College and Research Institute,
widespread sensitization occurs at extra Puducherry—605009, 2Department of
oral sites is still questionable. Biostatistics, Christian Medical College,
Vellore-632002
Objectives: The present study aimed to
systematically record thermal sensitivity at Background: The ill-health effects of
masseter during fixed orthodontic inadequate sleep and sleep-related
therapy. disorders are frequently overlooked and
underestimated by the general population.
Material & methods: Quantitative sensory Recent studies have reported a declining
testing using thermal probe over masseter trend in the quality of sleep among young
and hand as a reference site, was done at adults due to the extensive usage of
three time points, at baseline (before start electronic media. However, data regarding
of therapy), 24 hours and 7 days post arch the quality of sleep and its association
wire placement and application of with body mass index and psychological
orthodontic forces. status of young adults is very limited.
Results: Sensory detection thresholds Objectives: This study aimed to assess the
(cold, CDT; hot, HDT) and pain tolerance quality of sleep among young adults using
thresholds (cold, CPT; hot, HPT) were simple self-reported pre-validated
rd
1
questionnaires and to measure the extent Department of Physiology, 2 Department
3
of its correlation with body mass index of Rheumatology, Department of
(BMI) and psychological status of these Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, AIIMS, New
individuals. Delhi, India
Materials & Methods: Four hundred Background: DLPFC has been gaining
young adults (200 males, 200 females) popularity as a pain management strategy
aged 20-23 years were recruited in the ever since the analgesic effect of rTMS was
study and their BMI was calculated using found in 2006 for Fibromyalgia patients.
the Quetelet’s index. Quality of sleep, However, the results are mixed and
daytime sleepiness and symptoms unexplainable inter-individual differences
pertaining to depression, anxiety and in the pain relief. Furthermore, the
stress of the study participants were methods to accurately target the brain
assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality regions involved in pain management are
Index (PSQI) score, Epworth Sleepiness also unknown.
Scale score (ESS score) and Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale Score (DASS score) Introduction: For transcranial magnetic
respectively. stimulation, as a part of the standard
practice, the DLPFC is located by using
Results: Statistically significant positive manually located scalp landmarks, that is
correlation (p < 0.001) was observed by measuring 5 cm anterior to the motor
between PSQI scores and BMI, ESS scores hotspot of the hand motor cortex. Keeping
and BMI, PSQI scores and ESS scores, PSQI in mind the individual differences in the
scores and DASS scores and ESS scores and scalp shape, cranial-cortex difference and
DASS scores. Duration of sleep hours recent reports highlighting the
showed a significant negative correlation inconsistencies in the motor hotspot of
(p < 0.001) with BMI, PSQI scores, ESS the hand motor cortex, the localisation of
scores and DASS scores. the DLPFC appears to be uncertain.
Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep and Neuronavigation (NeNa) is one of the

chronic sleep deprivation predispose to latest technological advancements which
increased daytime sleepiness, increased takesadvantage of the functional MRI data
body mass index and mood changes. as a scaffold to localise the brain area of
interest. It is a frameless stereotactic
Keywords: sleep quality, PSQI scores, ESS device which can help in the accurate
scores, DASS scores, body mass index placement of the rTMS coilacquiring
patient’s fMRI data in NIFTY format and
FP-NP-015 co-registering it with the patient’s head
placement in the physical space.
Localisation of DLPFC using scalp
landmarks versus fMRI-guided neural Aim: The study aims to quantify the
navigation discrepancy between the DLPFC located
via fMRI-guided NeNa versus using
Vikas Kumar Tiwari1, Srishti Nanda1, Uma manually identified scalp landmarks.
Kumar2, Senthil S Kumaran3, Renu Bhatia1
rd
Methodology: Ten patients diagnosed molecular targets and underlying signaling
with primary Fibromyalgia were recruited mechanisms.
from Department of Rheumatology, AIIMS,
New Delhi. They were subjected to a Materials & methods:Prophylactic efficacy
standardised fMRI protocol (modified of salidroside for chronic hypoxia induced
Stroop test) which is known to activate the neuronal ageing was studied in adult male
DLPFC. The DLPFC was located using NeNa Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to simulated
and also using the manually identified altitude of 7600m for 21 days. Salidroside
scalp landmarks. The difference between was supplemented at a dose of 25mg.kg-
1
these two points is reported in the present b.w. p.o. during the period of hypoxic
study. exposure following which ultra-structural
and immunohistological studies were
FP-NP-016 conducted for lipofuscin aggregation and
mitophagy. Since Bcl-xL mediated
Salidroside Inhibits Mitophagyin mechanisms are crucial mediators of
Hypoxic Neurons mitophagy, in-silico analysis for interaction
with Bcl-xL was carried out using VLife
Suryanarayan Biswal1, Debashree Das1, MDS software. In-silico findings were
Richa Dhingra3, Ashish Kumar1, Nilima validated using proteomic approaches to
Dhingra3, Tapas C. Nag4, Sunil K. identify the molecular mechanism of
Hota1,Kalpana Barhwal2 action of salidroside.
1
Defence Institute of High Altitude Results:Administration of salidroside
Research, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu reduced deposition of lipofuscin in CA3
& Kashmir, Pin- 901205, 2Department of hippocampal neurons and prevented
Physiology, All India Institute of Medical mitophagy. Salidroside binds to BH3
Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India, 3University domain of Bcl-xL and stabilize thereby
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, preventing PGAM5 phosphatase activity.
Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, Hence, FUNDC1 is maintained in
4
Department of Anatomy, All India phosphorylated state and does not
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, interact with LC3 II which is crucial for
India mitophagy.
Background:Chronic hypoxic stress is Conclusion:Salidroside demonstrates

known to increase lipofuscin deposition in potential for preventing lipofuscin
hippocampal neurons. Salidroside is a deposition during chronic hypoxic stress
glucoside derivative of β-Tyrosol and has through modulation of Bcl-xL mediated
been reported to protect neurons in mitophagic mechanisms.
hypoxia through maintenance of
mitochondrial activity. Keywords: Hypoxia, lipofuscin, mitophagy,
Bcl-xL, FUNDC1, salidroside.
Objectives:The present study is therefore
aimed at investigating the potential of
salidroside in preventing autophagy during
chronic hypoxia and to identify the
rd
FP-NP-017 Results:On statistical analysis, TST was not
significantly altered. The Sleep latency,
A Comparative Study of Sleep REM latency, WASO, N1% and N2% was
Architecture in Non-Institutionalized significantly (P<0.05) increased in the
Senior Citizens of Bangalore City and study group compared to normative data.
Normative Data of Sleep Sleep efficiency, N1% and N2 % is
significantly decreased compared to the
Dr. Deepti Shivakumar1, Dr. Girija B2 normative data. Also males had longer
REM latency and females had greater
1
Department of Physiology,Akash Institute percentage of N1% compared to each
of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, other.
2
Department of Physiology,Bangalore
Medical College & Research Institute Conclusion:The sleep architecture of the
senior citizens under study are significantly
Background:Sleep disturbances are deviant from the normative data and the
particularly common among even the causes for this may be altered circadian
apparently healthy aging population, and rhythm, nutritional, hormonal or
its role as a cause or consequence of psychosocial factors.
chronic illness makes it an issue worth
addressing. Keywords: Polysomnography, non-
institutionalized, familial, senior citizens,
Objectives:To record and score the sleep normative data, AASM
architecture in familial senior citizens
using polysomnography. FP-NP-018
To compare the score with the
normative data provided by American Expression of SLC6A4 gene in
Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
the same age group.To compare the
polysomnographic recordings of male and Akshi Malik, Aparna Sarkar, Sohini Paul
female subjects. and Abhishek Sharma
Methodology:The study was done on Department of Physiology, Amity Institute

apparently healthy 30 non- of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Amity
institutionalized senior citizens (15 males University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Sector-
and 15 females) residing with their 125, India.
families in residential areas of Bangalore
city. Eligible subjects underwent overnight Background: The serotonin transporter (5-
polysomnography. The recorded sleep HTT) is involved in the serotoninergic
parameters included Total Sleep Time, system by regulating the serotonin effects
Sleep Latency, REM latency, Wake after on breathing and sleep-wake cycle. The
Sleep Onset, Sleep efficiency, stages N1%, gene coding for serotonin transporter-
N2%, N3%, REM%. The data was manually SLC6A4 might be important for the
scored, tabulated and compared with pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea
normative data using the appropriate syndrome (OSAS) and for future
statistical tools. pharmacological approach for treating
patients since as of now the
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pharmacological drugs are limited for the Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea
treatment of OSAS. syndrome (OSAS), serotonin (5-HT),
serotonin transporter (5-HTT), quantities
Materials& methods: Total ten male real-time PCR (q RT-PCR), cycle threshold
subjects with OSAS at age group 40 -60 (Ct)
years were included. Four healthy male
subjects with no history of OSAS were FP-NP-019
taken as a control which was prerequisite
for RT-PCR. Patients with OSAS for over Role of Neurovascular Coupling in
three years or more were included. All the High Altitude Induced Cognitive
patients were previously diagnosed by Impairment.
overnight polysomnography (PSG) by
physicians. Subjects were examined to Dr. Sunil Kumar Hota
exclude if any definite psychiatric
disorders were present. Subjects having Defence Institute of High Altitude
altered serotoninergic mechanism due to Research, C/o 56APO, PIN-901205
any illness or taking any medications with
known effects on serotonin system were Exposure to high altitude environment has
excluded. Subjects with chronic been reported to cause cognitive
obstructive pulmonary disease were also impairment which is both altitude and
excluded.RNA from blood were isolated duration dependent. We adopted a system
and c DNA was synthesized and t RT-PCR biology approach for identifying
was done with specific primers for the modifiable physiological risk factors
gene SLC6A4 and housekeeping gene ß- associated with high altitude induced
actin, to run the RT-PCR. The comparative cognitive impairment. Our studies using
(CT) method was used to analyze the data psychological test batteries showed
recorded in RT-PCR. impairment in specific cognitive domains.
Considering reports on high prevalence of
Results: The relative quantification is hypertension at high altitude, we
analyzed through RT-PCR and the down investigated the association of
regulation of the SLC6A4 gene among nine hypertension, dyslipidemia and arterial
subjects out of ten was identified. stiffness mild cognitive impairment. Our
findings show hypertension and arterial
Discussion &conclusion: We found that stiffness induced altered cerebral
SLC6A4 is under expressed in OSAS. We perfusion and neurovascular coupling in
concluded that 5-HTT protein which specific brain regions. Oral
regulates serotonin actions is inhibited in supplementation of Seabuckthorn oil
OSAS due to its under expression of its capsules to hypertensive subjects with
coding gene. The gene associated with dyslipidemia did not only maintain the
serotoninergic system in modulating blood pressure at normal levels but also
serotonin effects is inhibited in OSAS. improved cerebral perfusion and cognitive
Thus, it might be a strong candidate gene performance in the subjects. These
for further research in sleepapnea findings suggest identification and
syndrome patients. modulation of modifiable risk factors like
hypertension can be a preferred strategy
for stress induced cognitive impairment.
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FP-NP-020
Keywords: Binaural rhythm; EEG; Power
Effect of Binaural Beat Rhythm on spectral density; Approximate Entropy
Neuropsychological Measures and
Brainwave Entrainment in Healthy FP-NP-021
Volunteers
Emotional Processing Requires
Dr. Kirtana R Nayak Increased Synchronization in Gamma
Oscillations
Department of Physiology, Kasturba
Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Nishi Pegwal1, Rajkumar Yadav1, Ashima
University Nehra2, Ratna Sharma1
1
Background:Binaural beats are auditory Department of Physiology, 2Department
stimulation that has been reported to of clinical neuropsychology, Neuroscience
influence neurophysiological measures centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
and cognitive abilities by the mechanism
of cortical entrainment. Background: Emotions are complex
processes, involving in-tandem working of
Objectives:To assess the entrainment of several brain areas. Studying the
brain activity to binaural rhythm by synchronization pattern of Gamma band
presenting a series of binaural beats of during an emotional experience further
different frequencies. reflects which type of emotional condition
To analyze the impact of binaural auditory requires involvement of more areas.
beats on neuropsychological measures.
Objective: The study was designed to
Materials & Methods:Binaural beats of understand the changes in the coherence
delta, theta, alpha and beta rhythms were of Gamma band during the processing of
presented to healthy subjects and their an emotional information.
EEG was measured. Power spectral density
and approximate entropy were used for Materials & methods: High arousing
EEG analysis. Negative and Positive and low arousing
Neutral IAPS pictures were used to induce
Results:The peak values of PSD were emotions in 56 right handed subjects
observed at 5 Hz for theta band and at (Male: 30 and Female: 26) with a mean
10Hz for alpha band that corresponds with age of 26.5±3.3 yrs. EEG was recorded
the administered binaural beats. The using high-density EEG sensor net (128-
neuropsychological measures conducted electrode) during baseline and emotional
pre and post bin aural beat presentation picture condition. EEG signals were filtered
did not show significant difference. for gamma band range (31-99 Hz) and
further pre-processed in Netstation and
Conclusion:Although no significant effect EEGLAB. Spectral coherence was
on neurophysiological measures was estimated using Magnitude Squared
observed, the analysis of power spectral Coherence function in Matlab. For
density provided evidence of brain wave comparison between conditions, statistical
entrainment. non-parametric mapping (SnPM) test was
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performed in Matlab with 1000 data visual evoked potential in non-diabetic
permutations at p<0.01. offspring of diabetic parents.
Results: All three emotional conditions Objectives: To assess the Visual Evoked
showed statistically significant increase in Potential in Non-Diabetic offspring of Type
coherence for gamma band compared II diabetic parents and of non-diabetic
with baseline. Neutral condition showed parents and to compare p100 latencies
increase in coherence for maximum between the groups.
channel pairs (132) followed by Negative
(41 pairs) and Positive (21 pairs). Materials & Methods: VEP was recorded
in 100 subjects (50 study and 50 controls)
Conclusion: Increased coherence for of age and sex matched subjects with
Neutral content could possibly be because normal BMI (18.5-24.9) using PHYSIOPAC-
of the conflict in the discrimination for PP4, Medicaid Systems, Chandigarh.
neutrality vs. valance in the pictures itself. Student unpaired t test was used to
Negative emotions are activated as part of analyze the statistical differences of P100
goal directed behavior more often, are VEP latency between offspring of diabetic
high demanding in terms of appropriate and non-diabetic parents.
responses to be made and thus recruit
more brain areas than Positive emotions. Results: The P 100 latency was
significantly increased in diabetic offspring
Keywords: Emotion, Gamma band, in left eye (P value 0.0038) when
Spectral coherence compared with that of controls, whereas
the difference is not significant in right eye
FP-NP-022 (P value 0.1062)
Visual Evoked Potential in Non- Conclusion: The increase in the latency of

Diabetic offspring (18- 25 years) of VEP suggesting a delay in the conduction
Type II Diabetes parents may be a predictor of increased risk for
developing diabetes in susceptible
Dr. Niveatha S, Dr. Nirmala N, Dr. population. The latency delay in non-
Tamilselvan K diabetic state observed in this study could
be due to genetic predisposition to
Department of Physiology, Sri proneness to retinopathy as point-
Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital mutations and gene-polymorphisms are
and Research Centre, Ariyur, Puducherry inherited.
Background: Parental history of type II Keywords: Visual evoked potential,

diabetes increases the offspring’s risk of diabetic off springs, delayed latency
developing the diabetes. It was found that
parameters like HRV and somatosensory
evoked potential are altered in these
population even before the onset of
condition. As retinopathy is a common
complication of diabetes, this study has
been designed to assess the alterations in
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FP-NP-023 In addition, the executive function showed
significant difference between the
The Impact of Hypertension on Speed executive ability of normotensives (TMT-B:
of Processing and Executive Functions M: 97.6, SD: 18.24) and
in Geriatric Subjects hypertensives(TMT-B: M: 112.24 SD:
20.12).
Dr. Jayamala. A.K, Dr. R. Latha, Dr.
Nirmala. N, Mr. Dharan Kumar K, Ms. Conclusion: The results showed that the
Keerthika, Ms. Saarumathi hypertensive elderly males have a lower
cognitive performance in comparison to
Department ofPhysiology, SVMCH & RC, age matched normotensives.
Pondicherry. Hypertension delays the speed of
processing of information in elderly hence
Background: Hypertension is a major they are at higher risk for fall.
contributor to cerebrovascular pathology
causing dementia. Visual reaction time Keywords: Hypertension, Aged, Reaction
gives a better index of the cortical Time, Trail making test, executive
processing of Visual Stimulus. Trail Making functions
Test provides information on visual search,
scanning, speed of processing, mental FP-NP-024
flexibility, and executive functions.
Influence of Gender and Body Fat
Objectives: To compare simple reaction Distribution on Auditory Event Related
time, choice reaction time and trail making Potential in Young Individuals
test scores between hypertensives and
normotensives geriatric male subjects. Soundariya K
Methods: The present cross-sectional Department of Physiology, Sri

study was conducted on 60 Male ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and
hypertensives and normotensives aged Hospital, Puducherry
>60 years, with BP <140/90 mm Hg were
recruited as controls & BP >140/90 mm Background: The escalating global
Hg were recruited as hypertensive’s. Both epidemic of overweight and obesity is
Simple Reaction Time (SRT) & Choice associated with serious health
Reaction Time was assessed using Deary- implications. While the negative
LiewaldReation Time Tester version 3.10. consequences of overweight and obesity is
The computer programme recorded the widely acknowledged, the impact of body
response times. Trail Making test was
fat distribution on cognition has received
used as executive function test.
less attention.
Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS

Aim: The present study aimed to assess
version- 20, Unpaired t-test showed a
the impact of gender and body fat
significant difference between the
distribution on the cognitive marker P300
reaction time scores of normotensives
auditory event related potential, in young
(SRT: M:366.4 SD: 16.41; CRT: M: 737.6
individuals.
SD:59.82 ) and hypertensives (SRT: M:
471.4 SD: 21.52 ; CRT: M: 902.4 SD:55.57).
rd
Materials & Methods: About 50 hypertension cases are emerging even
individuals involving both the genders in after use 3 or more antihypertensive
the age group of 18-21 years were drugsThus, research for non-
recruited for the study. Body fat pharmacological management for
distribution was measured by bioelectrical hypertension is needed.
impedance analysis (BIA). Auditory P300
was measured at CZ and Pz to assess the Objectives: The study aimed to know the
cognition. SPSS version 20 was used for effect of non-invasive transcutaneous
statistical analysis. p< 0.05 was considered electrical stimulation at the level of tragus
statistically significant. (supplied by vagus nerve) on BP and QTc in
experimentally induced hypertensive rats.
Results: Body fat distribution was
significantly different between males and Material & methods: A total of 12 male
females. There was no significant wister rats were included in this study.HTN
difference in the cognitive parameters was induced experimentally in Group II
between males and females. There was no (N=6) rats by oral administration of L-
significant correlation between body fat NAME (40mg/kg) for 21 days. Vagus nerve
distribution and auditory P300. at the level of tragus was stimulated after
Ketamine (50mg/kg)/Xylazine (5mg/kg)
Conclusion: Gender and body fat anesthesia. BP and QTc were recorded by
distribution does not influence the NIBP and Advanced CVS recording
auditory event related potentials in the instrument (AD Instrument,Australia)
younger age group. respectively.
Keywords: Body fat distribution, Results: Baseline SBP in control rats was
Cognition, P300 123.07± 4.51 mmHg while SBP after
developing hypertension was 146.88 ±
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 4.81 mmHg. After stimulation SBP values
in hypertensive rats becomes 119.74 ±
FP-CVS-025 3.06 mmHg. QTc changes is to be
discussed later.
Effect ofNon-Invasive Vagus Nerve
Stimulation on SBP and QTC in Conclusion:Trans-cutaneous electrical
Experimentally Induced Hypertensive stimulation of tragus is effective non-
invasive method to lower the SBP.
Rats
Keywords:non-invasive vagus nerve
Ankit Gupta, Pradeep Kumar
stimulation,BP,QTc, hypertensive rats.
Department of Physiology,King George
Medical University, Lucknow
Background:Hypertension is known for its

complex patho-physiology and multiple
etiological factors.HTN poses a great
threat worldwide over the cardiovascular
status of an individual. Resistant
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FP-CVS-026 Material & Methods: 102 subjects (34
boys & 68 girls) between 18-22 years were
Uniqueness of RR Triangular Index in included in the study by convenient
comparison with other Time domain, sampling after assessing for the inclusion
Frequency Domain and Geometric and exclusion criteria. Short term HRV is
computed as per Task Force
Indices.Corroborative Evidences from
Recommendation. Time domain indices,
Cardiovascular, Anthropometry and
Geometric indices and Frequency domain
Academic Performances in Young
indices are computed. Cardiovascular
Adults. parameters including resting blood
pressures, heart rate, mean arterial
AmudharajDharmalingam,
pressures and rate pressure product are
HemalathaManjeshwara,
measured. Anthropometric indices
PalaniswamyHariharan
including body mass index, Body fat
percentage, triceps skinfold thickness and
Waist Hip ratio were measured. First year
AarupadaiVeedu Medical College,
university marks were taken as a measure
Puducherry
of academic performance. Spearmann
correlation was used to analyse the
Background: Heart Rate Variability is an
correlation between indices of HRV and
excellent predictor of cardiovascular
other parameters. The r value and p value
morbidity and mortality. However due to
of all correlations are analyzed and
the high variance of HRV indices and their
presented. The number of occurrences of
dependency on age and basal heart rates
statistical significance for the same non-
makes it very difficult for them to reject
HRV parameter with RRTi is compared
the null hypothesis by conventional
with other indices of HRV.
research agreements of the day inspite of
higher sample sizes. Therefore it is
Results: Most of the correlation data
imperative that further introspection must
showed a lower p values for RRTi with non
be carried out on this aspect that will
HRV parameter. In many of the cases RRTi
overcome the aforementioned limitation.
was the only parameter that showed a
In the light of previous experience the
significant correlation. This was observed
authors have observed that RR Triangular
across cardiovascular, anthropometric and
index (RRTi) has better statistical outcome
academic performance parameters. The
among other indices and therefore a
total occurrence of statistical significance
scientific introspection is done.
(p < 0.05) for RRTi was higher than any
other HRV indices and found to be
Objective: The study aims to assess the
statistically significant.
uniqueness of RR Triangular index with
other indices of HRV in rejecting a null
Conclusion: RRTi is found to be much
hypothesis. To fulfill the aim, the study has
robust and unique among other HRV
the objective of comparing the statistical
indices in rejecting a null hypothesis. This
significance of the correlation coefficients
observation can be attributed to the very
of RRTi with cardiovascular,
methodology of RRTi computation which
anthropometric and academic
may nullify the various known and
performances in young adults.
unknown confounding factors. We further
rd
conclude the need for finer mathematical communication has to be incorporated in the
explanation of this observation and developed device to transmit the acquired
possible normalization or correction signals at a remote end where it can be
formula to be identified and applied for analyzed using the developed software.
other indices to nullify plausible
confounders. Results: The developed device is convenient
to wear and it is robust to noise for the
Keywords:RRTi, HRV, robust, statistical, assessment of E-M window.
significance, normalization
Conclusions: Such systems will not only be
FP-CVS-027 useful for long term monitoring but it can
also be used under the noisy environment
SeismocardiographyBased System for such as shopping mall, vegetable markets
the Assessment of Electro-Mechanical etc.
(E-M) Window.
Keywords: E-M window,
1
Om Lata Bhagat , Anil Kumar Tiwari , 2 Seismocardiography, Electrocardiography,
Puneet Jain2, Surender Deora1 Remote health monitoring
1
All India institute of Medical Sciences, FP-CVS-028
Jodhpur
2
Indian Institute of Technology Rajasthan, Association of Serum Uric Acid with
Jodhpur. Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A
Hospital based Cross-sectional Study
Background: The E-M window is defined as
the duration between electrical (QT) systole AnkitaChaturvedi, NarsinghVerma,
and mechanical systole (QS2). Traditionally, it Jagdish Narayan, Sunita Tiwari
is assessed using the electrocardiography
(ECG) and phonocardiography (PCG). Department of Physiology, King George’s
Medical University, Lucknow, UP
Objectives: This work aimed to develop a
wearable device to estimate the E-M window Background:Elevated serum uric acid
using Seismocardiography (SCG) in the levels are commonly seen in association
replacement of PCG. The rationale is that with individual cardiovascular risk factors
SCG uses accelerometer, which is small in such as hypertriglyceridemia,
size and low in weight and hence it is hypertension, obesity and hyperglycemia,
convenient to wear. Further, it is robust to a cluster that when found together in the
environmental noises. same person, characterizes the so-called
metabolic syndrome.
Material & Methods: A wearable patch is
developed to acquire the SCG and ECG Objectives: This study aimed to co-relate
signals simultaneously. The device is the levels of serum uric acid with
composed of AD8232 signal conditioning atherogenic dyslipidemia (high levels of
block to acquire single lead ECG and triglycerides and low levels of HDL-c)
MMA7361 (three-axis MEMS) accelerometer
to acquire the SCG signal. Further, wireless
rd
Material & methods: 160subjects aged 18- BH epochs affects the cardiovascular
60 years were enrolled excluding those system differently.
having any anatomical deformity, diabetes
and/or hypertension for more than 5 Objectives: To observe arterial blood
years. Their anthropometric parameters, pressure changes associated with a series
lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose and of “BH epochs” following maximum
serum uric acid levels were measured. inspiration and maximum expiration.
Results: Association ofserum uric acid Methods:Thirty-five healthy young adults

levels with triglycerides (p- 0.003) and HDL were instructed to hold their breath
levels (p-0.001) was highly significant and repetitively, for 5 minutes, in two
also a significant co-relation was patterns, one following maximum
established between serum uric acid level inspiration and the other following
and HDL (r = -0.3). maximum expiration. Arterial Blood
Pressure (ABP) and ECG (for Heart Rate
Conclusion: Higher level of triglycerides Variability) were continuously recorded at
has a stronger association with serum uric rest and during the maneuver. Capillary
acid level than all the other components of blood gases (BG) were analyzed at
metabolic syndrome. Hypertriglyceridemia baseline and at break point of the last
reflect the lifestyle of the patient more epoch of BH.
than genetic factors because obesity is
also associated with these Results:ABP rose significantly at the
characteristics.Apart from this, the breakpoint during the maneuver. There
synthesis of fatty acids (triglycerides) in was a significant fall in PO2 and SPO2, and
the liver is associated with the de novo significant rise in PCO2 during breath
synthesis of purine, thus accelerating uric holding (p<0.05). However, no significant
acid production. correlation between BG and BP was
established. We observed significant
Keywords: hyperuricemia, triglycerides, decrease in SDNN, RMSSD, HFnu, total
metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia power and SD1/SD2 while LFnu, LF/HF and
SD2 were significantly increased during
FP-CVS-029 both BH patterns (p<0.05).
Effect of Series of Breath Holding On Conclusion: We conclude that rhythmic BH

Arterial Blood Pressure patterns affect the cardiovascular system
in similar way as a single episode of BH.
Bharti Bhandari, Manisha Mavai, Blood gas composition does not correlate
Yogendra Raj Singh, Bharati Mehta, Om with BP changes. We postulate
LataBhagat sympathetic over activity as the possible
mechanism for the rise in BP during BH
Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur episodes.
Background: Breath-holding (BH) is a Keywords:Breath-holding, Break-point,

voluntary act but after some time an Cardiovascular system, Heart rate
involuntary mechanism overrides causing variability, Blood gases, Autonomic
resumption of breathing (break-point). A nervous system.
single episode of BH is known to elevate
the blood pressure. This prompted us to
investigate whether and how a series of
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSYTEM Materials & Methods: Normal healthy,50
postmenopausal and 55 premenopausal
FP-ANS-030 women without any systemic illness were
included in the study. Resting heart rate
Association of LF: HF ratio and variability was measured for 5 mins, BRS
Baroreflex sensitivity with Cognitive was measured for 10 mins and cognitive
evoked potential was recorded by Nihon
Deficit in Postmenopausal Women.
Kohon electrophysiology instrument. All
data were recorded and analysed by SPSS
Subhashri.S1, Pravati Pal1, Dasari Papa2,
Nivedita Nanda3 version 19.
Results: Statistically significant difference
1
Department of Physiology,2Department of in LF:HF ratio, BRS and P300 latency were
Obstrectics and Gynecology, 3Department found between two groups. LF:HF ratio
of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Puducherry, and BRS was found to be significantly
India. correlated with P300 latency in
postmenopausal women.
Background: Menopause is defined as
permanent cessation of menstruation. Conclusion: The postmenopausal women
Menopause includes autonomic showed autonomic dysfunction and
dysfunctions like vasomotor symptoms, cognitive deficit compared to
psychological and mental disturbances premenopausal women. The cognitive
such as mood changes, insomnia, deficit was linked to sympathovagal
depression, irritability, forgetfulness and imbalance in postmenopausal group.
lack of concentration. These climacteric
vasomotor symptoms are due to alteration Keywords: Postmenopausal women, LF:HF
of autonomic regulation like various ratio, Baroreflex sensitivity, P300 latency,
cardiovascular reflexes. Cognition is cognitive deficit.
evoked response to stored stimuli. It is a
thinking process of brain, using both the FP-ANS-031
sensory input and memory. Heart rate
variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity Increased Prevalence of Cardiac
(BRS) analysis recorded by finapres, have Autonomic Dysfunction in Recurrent
been documented as sensitive measures Stroke Patients As Compared To
of sympathovagal balance. Long-latency Patients with a First –Ever Stroke
event related brain potentials are sensitive
neurophysiological approaches for the S Mishra, S Gupta, R Kapoor
assessment of cognitive functions.
However, cognitive alteration in Department of Physiology, VMMC and
menopausal women and their association Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
with autonomic dysfunction is not yet
known. Background: Cardiac autonomic
neuropathy (CAN) is a common
Objective: To assess the association of LF: complication in stroke patients. Multiple
HF ratio and BRS with cognitive deficit in studies have found impaired
postmenopausal women. parasympathetic function in stroke
patients which may manifest clinically as
rd
hypertension, tachycardia and cardiac cardiovascular events and cardiac
arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac mortality in patients of recurrent stroke.
mortality. 1 in 6 stroke patients have a
recurrence, 25% of which are fatal within Keywords: Stroke, recurrent stroke,
28 days. To the best of our knowledge very autonomic dysfunction
few studies have investigated the
prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in FP-ANS-032
patients of recurrent stroke and first-time
stroke. A Study to Understand the Effect of
Antenatal Stress on Fetal Heart Rate
Aim: To assess and compare, the Variability
prevalence of various grades of cardiac
autonomic dysfunction, and therefore, the Sowmya Sharma1, Krishnamachari
cardiovascular risk, in patients of recurrent Srinivasan , Sucharita Sambashiviah1
2
stroke and first – ever stroke.

1
Methods: 60 stroke patients- 30 first – of Psychiatry, St John’s Medical College
ever stroke patients and 30 recurrent and Hospital, Bangalore
stroke patients were recruited for this
study. Deep breathing test (DBT), Valsalva Background: Antenatal stress is linked to
ratio and LST (30:15 ratio and ∆SBP) were later development of chronic diseases
done. Ewing’s classification, Bellavere during adulthood. However, the
criteria and AIIMS AFT lab criteria were mechanisms still remain unclear. One of
used for grading the severity of CAN. the possible emerging mechanism by
which maternal stress could bring about
Results: The prevalence of following changes is by altering fetal autonomic
“Abnormal” tests was higher in recurrent nervous system activity.
stroke group as compared to first – ever
stroke group - DBT (83.3 % vs 43.3%, Objectives: Present study aimed to
p=0.001), Valsalva maneuver (43% vs evaluate the association between
16.7%, p=0.049), LST 30:15 (26.7% vs antenatal stress and fetal heart rate
13.3%) and LST ∆SBP (26.7% vs 16.7%). variability indices, a measure of fetal
Higher prevalence of autonomic autonomic regulation. Also, the study
dysfunction was found using Ewing’s aimed at comparing the fetal heart rate
classification (86.67% vs 60%, p= 0.039), variability indices in mothers with low and
AIIMS AFT lab criteria (93.4% vs 60%, p= high antenatal stress scores.
0.007) and Bellavere Criteria (86.67% vs
56.6%, p= 0.021). Materials &methods: Heart rate variability
analysis was performed on maternal and
Conclusion: Our preliminary study shows fetal ECG obtained non-invasively from
that there is increased prevalence of maternal abdominal ECG from 50 healthy
autonomic dysfunction, more so of pregnant mothers in their third trimester.
“severe” grades of autonomic dysfunction, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
in patients with recurrent stroke than in questionnaire was administered to obtain
patients with a single stroke event. This antenatal stress scores. Subjects were
may indicate an increased risk of adverse categorized into low (n=32) and high
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(n=18) antenatal stress groups based on functions even before the liver functions
the mean K10 score are altered.
Results: The K10 scores showed a Aims & objectives: We have undertaken
significant and positive association with this study to test and compare the
fetal low frequency (by far an indicator of autonomic function status in apparently
cardiac sympathetic system) (r= 0.4, p< healthy alcoholics with normal liver
0.05) and a significant negative association function tests with age and sex matched
with fetal high frequency (indicator of healthy individuals.
cardiac parasympathetic system) (p=-0.4,
p<0.05). Also, Independent t test showed Materials & methods: Thirty healthy non-
fetal low frequency to be significantly alcoholics with normal liver function as
higher and fetal high frequency to be controls and thirty apparently healthy
significantly lower in high antenatal stress alcoholics for more than 5 years with
group (p<0.05) normal liver function tests were taken for
this study. Autonomic function tests for
Conclusion: The study suggests an both parasympathetic and sympathetic
increased cardiac sympathetic drive in the functions were performed in both these
fetus in response to maternal stress. The groups and the results were compared.
results imply that moderate increase in
prenatal stress can modulate changes in Result: Parasympathetic function tests
fetal autonomic nervous system. were within the normal range except for
the resting heart rate which showed a
Keywords: Fetal heart rate variability, significant increase (P<0.01) in the study
antenatal stress, pregnancy, third subjects compared with the controls.
trimester Sympathetic tests showed a very
significant increase in BP response to
FP-ANS-033 postural change and a significant change in
hand grip test.
Dysautonomia in Heavy Drinkers for
More Than 5 Years of Alcoholic Conclusion: Resting heart rate and BP
Consumption with Intact Liver response to postural change were
increased and BP response to hand grip
Function
test has shown significant change in study
subjects compared to controls which
Stephy Sebastian, NagarajaPuranik
suggest that both sympathetic and
Department of Physiology, Karnataka parasympathetic functions are altered in
Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, them. We will conclude this study with the
Karnataka state, India findings that alcohol has a direct effect on
the autonomic nervous system even
without any liver function tests alteration.
Background: It is known for long that
alcoholic liver cirrhosis is characterized by Keywords: Chronic alcoholism, heavy
autonomic dysfunction due to the drinkers, intact liver function tests,
underlying liver pathology. But alcohol can autonomic nervous system,
have a direct effect on the autonomic parasympathetic dysfunction, sympathetic
over activity.
rd
FP-ANS-034 compare the variables within the groups
and between the two groups respectively.
Heart Rate Variability and Quality of
Life in Breast Cancer Survivors- Does Results: Statistically significant
Adjuvant Yoga Therapy Play A Role? improvement was found in HRV indices
following yoga therapy for 6 weeks
Devi R Nithiya1, Pravati Pal2, G. K. Pal2, (p<0.05). The quality of life improved in
Gunaseelan K3 those who underwent the yoga therapy
compared to the control group.
1
Department of Physiology, MGMCRI,
Puducherry, India, 2Department of Conclusion: The current study
Physiology, 3Department of Radiotherapy, demonstrates improvement in HRV and
JIPMER, Puducherry, India. QOL in breast cancer survivors and hence
supports the administration of yoga as an
Background: Female breast cancer strikes adjuvant therapy to the conventional
third among the leading cancers treatment protocol for non- metastatic
worldwide. Sufferance due to the disease breast cancer.
is aggravated by the complications of the
treatment targeted at the tumor and its Keywords: yoga, breast cancer,
recurrence inducing stress and radiotherapy, heart rate variability, quality
compromise the quality of life of the of life.
diseased individual.
FP-ANS-035
Objective: The current study was
undertaken to demonstrate the effect of Evaluation of association of Maternal
yoga therapy on the heart rate variability Prenatal Cardiac Autonomic Nervous
(HRV) and the quality of life (QOL) in function with Postnatal Psychological
breast cancer survivors undergoing loco- Stress Level
regional chest wall radiation.
Dr. Ashwini K, Dr.Shailaja S Moodithaya,
Materials & Methods: Patients with Dr.Prasanna Kumar Shetty, Dr.Shrinivasa
breast cancer who have undergone Bhat U
modified radical mastectomy were
recruited before the commencement of K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore,
radiotherapy. Short term HRV and Karnataka, India.
questionnaire based assessment of QOL of
the patients were obtained. Randomized Background: Maternal psychological
into two groups, one group of patients health related problems are most common
underwent conventional treatment while cause of morbidity during late pregnancy
the other group of patients underwent and postpartum. Pregnancy is
yoga sessions for 20 min a day, 5 days a characterized by profound changes in
week lasting for 6 weeks in addition to the cardiac autonomic modulation, owing to
conventional treatment. The parameters fluctuations in ovarian and placental
were reassessed. Data were subjected to hormones. Also, psychological stress is
non- parametric analysis based on known to cause changes in sympathovagal
normalcy. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and balance. The study aims to evaluate,
Mann Whitney test were performed to whether changes in cardiac autonomic
rd
function during pregnancy predict the FP-ANS-036
postnatal psychological stress level.
The Efficacy of Isometric Hand Grip
Objectives: To evaluate the association Training on Arterial Stiffness and Blood
between maternal prenatal cardiac Pressure in Prehypertensive Individuals -
autonomic function and postnatal An Interventional Study.
psychological stress level.
Deepika V
Materials & Methods: Twenty three
healthy volunteers (26 ± 2 years) with Bharath University, Chennai.
singleton pregnancy were recruited during
their 3rdtrimester. Heart rate variability Background: It is well documented that
was assessed (PowerLab 26T, AD prehypertensive individuals are at great
Instruments, Australia) and data obtained risk of developing cardiovascular diseases
was analysed using LabChart software. (CVDs) and arterial stiffness is an
Maternal postnatal psychological stress independent marker of CVD risk. Recently,
level was assessed using K10 resistance exercise has been suggested as
questionnaire. a new tool in the non-pharmacological
treatment for increased blood pressure
Results: Spearman correlation statistics (BP).
between heart rate variability indices and
postnatal psychological stress scores Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of
showed that low frequency (LF) spectral Isometric hand grip (IHG) training exercise
power (both absolute and normalised in reducing the vascular stiffness and
units), surrogate marker for sympathetic blood pressure levels in prehypertensive
nervous system significantly correlates individuals
with postnatal psychological stress scores
(LFabs: p=0.03, LFnu: p=0.05). Also, there Materials & Methods: All the 150
was significant correlation between Total individuals of 2015 batch, screened during
Power and postnatal stress scores (p= medical health checkup program
0.04). However, high frequency (HF) organized by the institution at the time of
spectral power and LF/ HF ratio did not joining were included in the study. Based
show any association with postnatal stress on their BP recordings they were classified
scores. as normotensives (n=50) and
prehypertensives (n=50). Arterial stiffness
Conclusion: Higher sympathetic nervous indices were assessed using finger
activity during late gestation was photoplethysmography. IHG exercise
associated with postnatal maternal training was given and BP and arterial
psychological stress. Hence, maternal stiffness were evaluated at the end of
prenatal heart rate variability indices can fourth and eighth week of training period.
be used as an independent predictor of Paired t- test was carried out using SPSS
postnatal psychological stress level. version 16 and p value less than 0.05 was
considered to be statistically significant.
Keywords: Postnatal stress, Heart rate
variability, Cardiac autonomic Result: The prehypertensives BP and
arterial stiffness indices reported to be
significantly high compared to the
rd
normotensives (p=0.001). At the end of 4th and IL-4 in smoking and smokeless tobacco
week of IHG training period the users.
prehypertensives didn’t report any
statistically significant change in BP and Objectives: This study aimed to compare
arterial stiffness indices. After the 8th week cardiovascular autonomic functions,
of training a significant decrease in BP (p serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and
value, SBP=0.0001 and DBP=0.01) was Interleukin-4 (IL-4) between heavy dipping
reported among the preypertensive group smokeless tobacco and smoking tobacco
but arterial stiffness indices, that is, users.
stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI)
showed no change (p value, SI=0.16 and Methods: 67 subjects apparently healthy
RI=0.15) volunteers were recruited from the
constructing workers who are having habit
Conclusion: The recommended IHG of using tobacco in any form, categorized
training period is concluded as an efficient them in to smoking tobacco group (n = 22)
tool to bring back the elevated levels of BP based on the smoking index and
in prehypertensives but not sufficient to Fagerstrom score for smokeless dipping
modify the altered vascular stiffness. tobacco group (n = 20) and controls (n =
25), who never used any form of tobacco.
Keywords: Prehypertension, Stiffness HRV, CAFT and BRS were recorded and 4
Index, Reflection Index, Isometric hand ml of venous blood sample was collected
grip. from all participants. Comparison and its
association of HRV, CAFT, BRS, MDA and
FP-ANS-037 IL-4 was done by ANOVA and post doc test
by Bonferroni.
Comparison of the Cardiovascular
Autonomic Functions, Biochemical Results: There is significant raise in
Markers between Heavy Smokeless sympathetic activity and reduced vagal
Dipping Tobacco Users and Smoking activity reveals autonomic imbalance in
Tobacco Users. the tobacco users. Elevated MDA and IL-4
levels in smoking tobacco users and
Ravi Babu Katuri1, Prabhu Natesan1, smokeless dipping tobacco users
Gopal Krushna Pal2 respectively suggesting that the increased
oxidative stress in both users.
1
Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal
Institute of Post-graduate Medical Conclusion: The present study reveals the
Education and Research (JIPMER), autonomic functional status,
Puducherry 605 006, India, 2Department of cardiovascular disease risk and anti-
Physiology, JIPMER, Karaikal oxidant level in the heavy dipping tobacco
users and smoking tobacco users. It
Background: There are few studies on revealed decreased LF- HF ratio, BRS, BP
cardiovascular autonomic functional status and elevated MDA in smoking tobacco
and BRS of smoking tobacco and limited user and IL-4 levels in heavy dipping
studies on the smokeless tobacco users. tobacco users, suggesting tobacco users
But no studies found comparing have pro-inflammation, oxidative stress
autonomic functional status, BRS, MDA and increased cardiovascular risk. To
conclude smokeless dipping tobacco users
rd
have more risk compared to smoking standard time domain indices (mean RR,
tobacco users. SDNN, PNN50 and RMSSD) and frequency
domain indices (TP, LF, HF, LFnu, HFnu and
Keywords: Dipping tobacco, Autonomic LF/HF ratio) of HRV were calculated and
function, Baroreflex sensitivity, Smoking analyzed
tobacco, Cardiovascular risk
Results: Time domain and frequency
FP-ANS-038 domain indices were significantly
((p<0.01)) more in females than males in
Effect of Maturation of Cardiac younger group I and less in females in
Autonomic Axis on Time Domain & group II.
Frequency Domain Indices of Heart
Rate Variability (HRV) In Pediatric Age Conclusion: The study proposed that
there are established gender differences in
Group of Urban Population: A gender
the autonomic axis maturation due to the
based study
onset of puberty in females (preferably
adrenarche) may result in profound
Dr.Gopinath M 1, Dr.Amudharaj D 1, Dr.
decrease in the HRV parameters. A similar
GK Pal 2
finding was not seen in boys because of
1 the natural delay in the onset of puberty in
Department of Physiology, AVMC,
comparison to their female counterparts.
Puducherry, 2Department of Physiology,
JIPMER, Karaikal
Keywords: Autonomic axis, maturation,
Heart Rate Variability, gender
Background: Within the age, there is very
high heterogeneity in the magnitude of
FP-ANS-039
HRV. The HRV is a sensitive index in
establishing the underlying cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Autonomic Function
derangements. Cardiovagal autonomic
function declines with age and varies with Tests in Male Diabetics: Effect of
gender. The study of cardiovascular Duration of the Disease
autonomic function and its maturation in
the pediatric age group has gained A. Sirisha1,Y.Dhanalakshmi1, G. K. Pal1,
importance as there are no much data in Mukta Wyawahare2
the literature.
1
Department of Physiology, JIPMER,
2
Objectives:To assess the gender based Department of Medicine, JIPMER.
differences on HRV during the period of
puberty,the age at cardiac autonomic axis Background & Aim: One of the most
maturates overlooked of all serious complications of
diabetes is cardiovascular autonomic
Material & Methods: The study was done neuropathy (CAN). CAN can be diagnosed
on 145 children of both the genders of by non-invasive cardiovascular autonomic
urban population categorized in two function tests (CAFT) like heart rate (HR)
groups as Group I (7-9 years, n=65) & responses to breathing, Valsalva
Group II (10-12 years, n= 80). Basal 5 maneuver, HR and blood pressure (BP)
minutes ECG was recorded and the response to standing and BP response
rd
isometric handgrip (IHG), which reflect the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
abnormalities in heart rate control and
vascular dynamics. However, there are FP-RS-040
very few reports on the effect of duration
of diabetes on autonomic function. Hence, Serum PARC/CCL18 levels in Active
we aimed to asses CAFT parameters in Smokers & Non-smokers with COPD
diabetics and to see the effect of duration and its Association with Disease
of diabetes on autonomic function Severity – An Interim Analysis.
Methods: For this study,44 male diabetic Ganesan R1, Gaur GS1, Karthik S1,
patients in the age group of 25 to 55 years Vishnukanth G2
were recruited from the medicine OPD,
JIPMER and 42 healthy age and gender 1
Department of Physiology, JIPMER.
matched volunteers were taken as Puducherry, India, 2Department of
controls. Basal HR, systolic BP, diastolic BP Pulmonary medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry,
and CAFT parameters like 30:15 ratio, E:I India
ratio, DBP in IHG and Valsalva Ratio were
measured. Biochemical parameters such Background:COPD is an independent risk
as fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting factor for Cardiovasculardisease, as
insulin were measured and Homeostasis reduced FEV1 is associated with increased
model of assessment insulin resistance cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
(HOMAIR) was calculated. There is paucity in Literature, revealing the
association of Serum PARC/CCL18 (COPD
Results: SBP and DBP were significantly specific biomarker) with Smoking status
(P<0.0001 and P=0.0043) high in diabetic and disease severity of the patient.
patients compared to controls. There was Moreover the Smoking status of the
a significant reduction in E:I ratio patient in these studies were assessed
(P<0.0001), 30:15 ratio (P<0.0001) and using Smoking index rather than using
Valsalva ratio (P<0.0001) among the Serum Cotinine which is the
diabetics compared to controls. There was recommended biomarker by Centre for
a decrease in 30:15 ratio, E:I ratio, Valsalva disease control and prevention(CDC).
ratio and  DBPIHG in diabetics with more
than 5 years duration in comparison with Objective:In our study we intended to
diabetics of less than 5 years of duration. assess the association of Serum
Conclusion: We conclude that the PARC/CCL18 levels in Non-smokers (with
reduced CAFT parameters could be the SHS) and Active Smokers with COPD and
indicator of CAN in patients with diabetes. also assess the association of Serum
Also as the duration of the disease PARC/CCL18 with disease severity (GOLD
increases there is increased autonomic STAGE CRITERIA)
dysfunction.
Methods: This is a descriptive study done
Keywords: Cardiovascular autonomic in collaboration between Department of
neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, Physiology Department of Pulmonary
Autonomic dysfunctions, Diabetes medicine, JIPMER. This study was done on
n=84 male COPD patients
.Anthropometric, basal, PFT &Biochemical
rd
parameters such as Serum Cotinine and FP-FP-RS-041
Serum PARC/CCL18 were assessed in
them. Later, based on the GOLD stage Comparative Study of Pulmonary
criteria (Mild, Moderate, Severe, Very Functions in Athletes and Non-athletes
severe) and Serum Cotinine levels (Active
smoker &Non-smoker with SHS) they were Dr. Sandeep Kumar, Dr. Mary Pushpa
divided into 6 sub-groups. Data was Bara, Dr. Ranjeet Kaur Arora, Dr. Rajesh
analyzed by SPSS 20.0 version software. Kumar Sinha
Kruskal Wallis test (>2groups) and
MannWhitney- U test (≤2groups) were Department of Physiology, Rajendra
used to find any Statistical difference Institute of Medical Sciences Ranchi,
between the groups. Correlations between Jharkhand
the variables were done using Spearman
correlation test. Independent variables Background: Lung function tests provide
associated with PARC/CCL-18 was found qualitative and quantitative evaluation of
using Multiple regression analysis. pulmonary function in patients with
obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.
Results: Statistically significant difference Regular exercise as in athletes produces a
in Serum PARC/CCL-18 levels (p<0.05) and positive effect on the lung by increasing
Duration of illness (p<0.05) were found pulmonary capacity and thereby improving
between Non-smokers (with SHS) and the lung functioning.
Active Smokers with COPD. Statistically
significant Correlation was found for Objective: To study and compare the
Serum PARC/CCL-18 and Serum cotinine dynamic pulmonary function parameters
levels (p<0.05). However, no significant in athletic and nonathletic students of age
Correlation was found for Serum group 17 years to 21 years.
PARC/CCL18 and FEV1, with no significant
difference in Serum PARC/CCL-18 levels Material & Methods: The study was
among different stages of COPD, but conducted on male and female athletic
Serum PARC/CCL-18 levels increased as students from Sports Authority of India
the disease severity increased. Multiple centre, Ranchi. The pulmonary function
regression analysis showed significant test was done on 80 subjects out of which
association (p<0.05) of Age, Duration of were 40 athletes and 40 non-athletes.
illness, Serum cotinine with the levels of Parameters analyzed were in the form of
PARC/CCL-18. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced
Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1),
Conclusion: Significantly increased Serum Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR),
PARC/CCL18 levels with high Serum FEV1/FVC and Forced mid Expiratory Flow
Cotinine levels and increased duration of rate (FEF 25–75%).
illness in the test group indicates that
Active smokers with increased duration of Results: In this study the values of FVC,
COPD are more susceptible for FEV1, PEFR and FEF(25%-75%) significant
cardiovascular events in future. difference was found. All the values were
much higher in athletes as compared to
Keywords: PARC/CCL18, Cotinine, COPD, non-athletes.
Cardiovascular risk, FEV1, Non-smokers
rd
Conclusion: The FVC, FEV1, PEFR and were measured. Spirometric and impulse
FEF(25%-75%) were higher in athletes than oscillometry parameters FEV1,FVC,
in the non-athletes. This study suggests FEV1/FVC, R5,R20,R5-R20, AX,F(Res) and
that regular exercise has an important role R5-R20 were measured. For analysis,
in improving the efficiency of respiratory subjects were divided into two groups
system. based on cut-off values of waist
circumference, WC>= 90 cm for males and
Keywords: Pulmonary Functions, Athletes, WC>=80 cm for females.
FVC, PEFR, FEV1
Results: Subjects with higher WC had a
FP-RS-042 lower FEV1/FVC (p= 0.027), X20 (p=
0.002),X20% (p= 0.004) and higher R5 (p=
Respiratory System Impedance with 0.011), R5- R20 (p= 0.004), AX (p=0.005)
Impulse Oscillometry in relation to and F (Res) (p= 0.002) as compared to
Waist Circumference subjects with lower WC. WC was found to
be positively correlated with R5 (r= 0.711,
Anjali Trivedi, MukeshAloria, p<0.0001), R20 (r= 0.665, p<0.0001), AX
MeghashreeSampath, Ashish Arvind, (r= 0.684, p<0.0001), R5-R20 (r=0.421, p=
Geetanjali Bade, AnjanaTalwar 0.0003) and R5%-R20% (r= 0.396, p=0.006)
and negatively correlated with R5% (r= -
Department of Physiology, All India 0.567, p<0.0001),R20% (r=-0.573,
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi . p<0.0001), F(Res) (r=-0.636, p<0.0001) and
FEV1/FVC (r=-0.674, p<0.0001).
Background: Obesity is a health hazard of
global concern. Various indices of obesity Conclusion: Total and peripheral airway
has been associated with impaired resistance increases significantly with
respiratory function as assessed by increase in waist circumference
conventional spirometry. There is not
much literature available investigating the Keywords: Impulse Oscillometry, Waist
effect of obesity on respiratory resistance. Circumference, Airway Mechanics,
Impulse oscillometry is a novel and Spirometry, Airway Resistance, Lung
sensitive method to measure indices Volume
associated with airway resistance and
recoil of respiratory system. FP-RS-043
Objectives: To evaluate airway mechanics Induced T-regulatory Cells Generated

in Healthy subjects using impulse invitroFrom PBMCs Show down
oscillometry and to relate impedance Regulation of FOXP3 mRNA in Chronic
parameters with Waist circumference Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(WC) as a surrogate marker of abdominal (COPD)
obesity.
AnjanaTalwar, Niti Yadav, Muzaffar
Materials & methods: In this cross Ahmed Bhat,
sectional study, healthy males (n=24) and MeghashreeSampath, Mudasir Bashir
females (n=22) aged 20 to 50 years were Baba, RandeepGuleria, Debabrata Ghosh
recruited. BMI, WC and Waist-hip ratio
rd
Background:Previous reports indicate both CD127+ and CD 127- fraction. Real
involvement of strong local inflammatory time qPCR results showed10.2 fold lower
responses and alteration in the expression of FOXP3 mRNA in iTreg cells of
inflammatory cells, cytokines and COPD patients as compared to controls.
immunological factors in COPD. Of these
critical processes, induction of naïve T- Conclusion:Foxp3 is critically involved in
cells into iTregs (induced T regulatory the development and function of Tregs,
cells) in peripheral blood is critical as therefore FOXP3 down regulation is
iTregs suppresses continual inflammation, suggestive of functional impairment in the
allowing system to revert back to the induced T regulatory cells populations in
previous state. Therefore, the capacity of COPD as compared to controls.
conversion of naïve T-cells to iTregs may
be compromised in systemic inflammatory FP-RS-044
diseases like COPD.
Effect of Modified Alternate Nostril
Objectives:Examininginvitroinduction Breathing Exercise on Pulmonary
capacity of human naïve T-cells from Function Parameters
peripheral circulation into iTregsin
presence of cytokines, in subjects with and Sunil Naik G, Gaur G S, Pal G K
without COPD followed bytheir functional
characterization using FOXP3 transcript Department of Physiology, JIPMER
expression.
Background: Different types of breathing
Methods:PBMCs were isolated from exercise have varied effects on pulmonary
whole blood using Ficoll separation function parameters in an individual.
procedure. Separated cells were further Objectives: To study the effect of a
selected based on CD4 marker for T cell modified form of alternate nostril
selection using negative magnetic CD4 breathing exercise (ANB) on pulmonary
selection kit. Naïve CD4+ T cells were function parameters in young, male
cultured in the presence of recombinant volunteers.
human TGF-β and IL-2 as to assess the
ability of naïve CD4 T cells conversion into Materials &Methods: Ninety nine healthy,
iTreg cell of COPD patient as compare to male volunteers were randomized into
control. iTregs were confirmed and control group, n=50 and Modified ANB
characterized by flow cytometry using group (study), n=49. Alternate nostril
CD4+CD25+CD45- cell fraction(n=4, COPD breathing exercise training was given to
patients, n= 4, controls). RNA was the study group for 30 minutes a day, 5
isolatedfrom iTregs and qRT-PCR was done times/week for a total period of 12 weeks,
for quantification of FOXP3 mRNA under supervision of certified yoga
expression (n=4, COPD patients, n= 4, trainers. Forced vital capacity (FVC),
controls). Forced end expiratory volume at the end
of 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak
Results:There was no significant difference expiratory flow rate (PEFR), Forced
in the number of iTregs generated in COPD expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75) were
patients compared tonormal. recorded at baseline and after 12 weeks.
CD4+CD25+CD45- cells were present in No intervention was given for control
rd
group. Modified form of alternate nostril overall survival rates. Maximal oxygen
breathing exercise training was provided uptake (VO2max) is the best measure of
for study group. cardiorespiratory fitness. Regular exercises
and sports activities may improve lung
Results: FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR, function and VO2max.
FEF25-75 decreased significantly (P<0.05)
in the study group following 12 weeks Objective: To assess the pulmonary
alternate nostril breathing exercise function & VO2max of female athletes and
training group. No significant change was to compare these variables with that of
observed in the control group. female non-athletes.
Conclusion: 12 weeks of modified Materials & methods: Study subjects

alternate nostril breathing exercise included 30 female athletes (18 to 25
improved pulmonary function parameters. years) &30 female non-athletes of same
This indicates that our modified alternate age group. Pulmonary function test was
nostril breathing exercise is effective in done using portable electronic spirometer
improving the pulmonary function (MIR Spirobank II). Forced vital capacity
parameters. (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1
second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and Peak
Keywords: Alternate nostril, breathing Expiratory Flow (PEF) were selected.
exercise, pulmonary function, vital VO2max was measured indirectly by
capacity Queen’s college step test in both groups.
The data was analyzed using independent
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY t test.
FP-ExP-045 Results: Pulmonary function indices and

VO2max are significantly better in athlete
Pulmonary Function and Maximal females compared to non-athlete females.
Oxygen Uptake (Vo2max) In Female
Athletes and Non-Athletes: A Cross Athletes Non- t P
females athletes value
Sectional Study females value
Dr. Laya Parameswar1, Dr. K P (mean (mean

Kalyanikutty2 ± SD) ± SD)
1
Department of Physiology, Government
Medical College, Thrissur, 2Department of FVC 2.99 ± 2.40 ± 6.71 <0.001
(L) 0.33 0.35
Physiology, Government Medical College,
Kozhikode FEV1 2.88 ± 2.22 ± 7.47 <0.001
0.34 0.34
Background: Physical inactivity is an PEF 5.87± 4.28± 5.97 <0.001
important cause for increase in non- 0.61 1.32
communicable diseases and could be FEV1 96.22± 92.45± 2.15 0.035
associated with decreased lung functions /FVC 6.38 6.99
and cardiorespiratory fitness. Pulmonary VO2 39.13±1. 35.46± 8.14 <0.001
function is a long term predictor for max 36 2.11
rd
Conclusion: The results indicate that recovery times of systolic and diastolic
exercise can improve pulmonary indices blood pressures decreased from 6.68 ±
(FVC, FEV1, PEF& FEV1/FVC) and VO2max in 3.34 and 5.77 ± 3.70 on day one to 4.45 ±
females. 1.57 and 4.05 ± 2.66 on day three
respectively.
Keywords: Pulmonary Function,VO2max,
Female athletes & non-athletes, Queen’s Conclusion: The significant decrease in the
step Test post-exercise recovery time on day three
can be attributed to the immediate
FP-ExP-046 improvement in the parasympathetic tone
after a single session of left nostril
Effect of Left Nostril Breathing On breathing. Thus, this technique may be
Post Exercise Recovery Rate used as an adjunct to pharmacological
therapy in conditions of sympathetic over
KarthikaJyothish, Subhasis Das activity.
Pondicherry Institute Of Medical Sciences, Keywords: Post exercise Recovery time

Puducherry. Left nostril breathing
Background: The nasal cycle marks the FP-ExP-047

shift in autonomic function between the
sympathetic and parasympathetic arms. Reduced Aerobic Fitness in Tobacco
The post exercise period is characterized User Indian Adult Males.
by a shift from sympathetic dominance to
a state of parasympathetic dominance. Hasmukh Shah, TejasPrajapati, S. K.
Singh, A. R. Nair.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of left nostril breathing on post
exercise recovery times of heart rate and Department of Physiology,Pramukhswami
blood pressure. Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
Material & methods: Sixty young Background:Usage of tobacco by oral

healthy male volunteers were instructed route or in form of smoking is very
to walk on a flat treadmill for fifteen common practice in Indian males. Tobacco
minutes at 6 km/hr, on two days with a usage in any form is associated with poor
gap of one day in between. Heart rate and cardiorespiratory health. Cardiorespiratory
blood pressure were recorded at baseline diseases are very common in tobacco
and every minute in the post-exercise users. Reduced aerobic fitness is seen
period till complete recovery, and the time tobacco users.
to recovery (in minutes) noted. On the
second day, participants followed the Aims & Objective:The present study was
same procedure, but practiced left nostril undertaken to check effect of tobacco on
breathing in the recovery period. aerobic fitness (VO2 max) in Indian adult
males.
Results: The mean recovery time of heart
rate on day one was 9.97 ± 4.25 which fell Methodology: Participants for the study
to 7.48 ± 3.31 on day 3. The mean were recruited from staff members of
rd
Pramukhswami Medical College and its statistically significant also as compared to
affiliated institutes after approval of the normal healthy non-tobacco user males.
study from Institutional Ethics Committee
(IEC). A total 74 male adults (24 tobacco Conclusion: VO2 max was significantly less
users and 50 non-tobacco user) of 18-60 in tobacco users as compared to normal
years age groups were enrolled for the healthy non-tobacco user Indian adult’s
present study after their voluntary male of 18-60 years age group.
consent. All participants were apparently
healthy at the time of Treadmill exercise Keywords: Aerobic capacity, VO2 max,
test following Bruce protocol. VO2 max Treadmill test, tobacco users.
was calculated on the basis of total
exercise time on Treadmill following FP-ExP-048
predicted equation of Bruce.
Effect of 8 Weeks Body-Weight
Results: Resistance Training on High-Normal
Blood Pressure and Stage 1
Male Hypertension Subjects- Pilot Study to
Validate the Protocol
(n=74)
Normal Tobacco Users
SivachidambaramKulandaivelan,
(n =50) (n =24)
SonuPunia
**
Age(in years) 35.26 ± 11.8 43.75 ± 9.9
Height (cm) 169.15 ± 169.37± 4.92 Dept. of Physiotherapy, GJUST, Hisar-125
5.15 001.Haryana. India.
Weight (kg) 70.55 ± 10.5 73.08± 13.85
*
Fat mass (FM) 18.18 ± 6.31 22.19 ± 6.34 Background: Resistance has shown to
Fat free mass 52.36 ± 6.70 50.88 ± 8.68 decrease the blood pressure (BP) in
(FFM) Indians, but assessing 1 repetition
**
Total body 25.32 ± 6.42 29.90± 4.86 maximum (1-RM) and use of equipment is
fat% (TBF) difficult for individuals who wants to do it
Body mass 24.62 ± 3.31 25.46 ± 4.78
in home. Body-weight exercises are simple
Index (BMI)
yet provide resistance to exercising
Visceral fat 9.6 ± 3.8 11.54 ± 5.72
(VF)
muscles.
**
VO2 Max by 36.47 ± 9.7 29.16± 8.88
Treadmill Test Objective: To see the effect 8 weeks
Table 1: Showing basic anthropometric progressive body weight resistance
profile and aerobic capacity of Indian adult training (RT) on BP in subjects with high-
males.̽ Indicate p < 0.05, ̽ ̽ Indicate p < 0.01, normal BP and stage I hypertension.
Materials &Methods: A randomized

VO2 max values obtained by Treadmill controlled trial was conducted in Hisar, an
exercise test following Bruce protocol in urban area of Haryana and study was
tobacco users (n=24) was 29.16 ± 8.88 carried out during January to June 2017.
ml/kg/min while non-tobacco user male 20 patients diagnosed with either high-
(n=50) it was 36.47 ± 9.7. Aerobic fitness normal BP or stage 1 hypertension were
was less in tobacco user and it was recruited after screening of inclusion
rd
&exclusion criteria.For RT group, logical thinking. Creativity is an ability that
participants were exercised 30-40 can be learned which helps improve
minutes/session and 3 Sessions/week for 8 productivity in both professional life and in
weeks. Control group, there was no daily activities. Quadrato Motor Training is
training for 8 weeks but offered exercise a new Mind-Body based intervention that
intervention afterwards. Outcome variable has shown to improve creativity.
was BP which was measured at baseline as
well as 2 week intervals thereafter up to 8 Objectives : The aim of present study is to
weeks. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS compare the changes in measures of
v21.0 software. Creativity between young adults after
receiving one month of Quadrato Motor
Results: There was a significant gradual Training (QMT) and Simple Motor Training
SBP reduction in RT group up to 6 weeks (SMT) and to compare gender differences
(MD -11.36, p=0.001 at 6 week), but in these measures.
insignificant rise in BP at 8 week (MD -
10.85, p=0.03). RT reduced DBP Methods: 40 young adults aged 18 -30
th
significantly at 6 week only (MD -6.36, years in and around St. Johns Medical
p<0.001). When the RT results were College participated in this study. QMT
compared with control, there was no and SMT were performed by the subjects
statistically significant difference in BP continuously for 28 days. Reaction time
(p>0.05). and measures of Creativity like Ideational
Flexibility and Ideational Fluency were
Conclusion: RT group current exercise assessed before and after intervention.
protocol should be modified to reduce BP
in this population. Results: Both Ideational Flexibility and
Ideational Fluency were found to be
Keywords: Resistance training; Blood greater in the QMT group when compared
pressure; Hypertension; Exercise therapy; to the SMT group (p values <0.05) after
Body weight one month of intervention. No significant
differences were found between genders
FP-ExP-049 in both Ideational Flexibility and Ideational
Fluency. Males showed a greater
A Randomized Controlled Study in improvement in Reaction time when
Young Adults to Compare Changes in compared to females (p = 0.06).
Creativity After Quadrato Motor
Training Versus Simple Motor Training Conclusion: One month of QMT, helps in
enhancing creative ability among young
An Jubin J, Tony Raj DS adults. No significant effect of gender was
found. Males showed a greater
Department of Physiology, St. John’s improvement in Reaction time when
Medical College, Bangalore, India-560034. compared to females after QMT.
Keywords: Creativity, Quadrato Motor

Background: Creativity is highly linked to Training, Ideational Fluency, Ideational
our daily activities and helps in efficient Flexibility.
problem solving, decision making and
rd
FP-ExP-050 Conclusion: Body fat percentage of
athletes was less as compared to the
Study of Lean Body Mass and Fat controls, which may be due to the training
Mass in Long Distance Runners. regimens through which the athletes are
undergoing. Lean body mass was
Dr. S.G. Palashikar1,Dr. P. P Waghmare2, significantly less in athletes as their weight
Dr. S. A Mundewadi2 was very much less than controls.
1
R.C.S.M.G.M.C.Kolhapur, 2
Dr. VMGMC Keywords: long distance runners, skin fold
Solapur. thickness.
Background: In the endeavor to achieve FP-ExP-051

excellence in sport, all of the possible
concomitants of performance have been Skeletal Muscle Strength Is Lower
subject to scientific research. Modern Among Healthy Indians Compared To
sport science is characterized by the Western Population
purposefulness of its endeavor to improve
elite athletes and to discover talents as Aruna R, Sandhya TA, Sucharita S
precisely as possible. There is evidence to
support the concept that an individual’s Department of Physiology, St John’s
physique greatly limits or enhances Medical College, Bangalore
successful participation in physical activity.
Background: Indians are generally
Objectives: To assess and compare considered to have a lower skeletal muscle
skinfold thickness of university and state mass compared to Western populations.
level players and age matched controls. However, there is a lack of objective data
on skeletal muscle function among the
Material & methods: The present study healthy Indian population.
was carried out in thirty male long
distance runnersplaying at university and Objectives: The aim of the present study
state level, their age range from 16-20 yrs was to provide the first reference data of
with anaverage of 17.2 yrs. Thirtyage strength of the quadriceps muscle in
matched subjects taken as control group. young and middle aged populations of
healthy Indian males and females. Study
Skinfold thickness was assessed at also aimed to compare muscle strength
standard sites by using skin fold caliper. among healthy Indians with Western
Percentage of body fat was measured population.
using Fat –o- measure.
Methods: 68 healthy male and females
Results: Body fat percentage and fat mass between the ages of 18 and 60 years were
was lower in athletes than controls which recruited. They were divided into young
was highly significant. Whereas lean body (18 - 35 years) and middle aged (36- 60
mass was also significantly lower in years) study groups. Maximal voluntary
athletes than controls. isometric, isokinetic and endurance
contractions were performed on the lower
limb using isokinetic dynamometry.
rd
Results: The results showed that males fitness level between the students of
had significantly higher quadriceps JawaharNavodayaVidyalayaUmathel (JNV-
strength compared to females and that Umathel) and KendriyaVidyalayaLangjing
the middle aged subjects were weaker (KV –Langjing) of Manipur. For this study
than the young. Total work done 60 students were selected 30 students
demonstrated significant differences each from JNV and KV. The age of the
between the young and middle aged Students were ranging from 14 to 16
males, but not females. When compared years. Independents’-t- test were
to data in the published literature from employed as the statistical tool for finding
western populations, the values of the significant difference between the
isometric and dynamic muscle strength health’s related physical fitness level
were significantly lower in the Indian between the students of JNV and KV at
participants. 0.05 level of significant. The data
pertaining to this study were collected by
Conclusion: Data from the present study using Sit & Reach, Bent-Knee Sit Up and
provides the first reference for muscle Push Up tests. The finding of this study
strength in healthy Indian population using revealed that there is significant difference
isokinetic dynamometry. Comparisons in health related physical fitness between
between indices of muscle function from the students of JNV-Umathel and KVS-
the present study with other studies Langjing, Manipur. JNV students are more
performed on subjects belonging to similar physical fit than KV students .It may be
age range and of either gender indicated conclude that the results may be due to
that healthy Indians had less skeletal JNV is a residential school and practice
muscle strength. regular physical exercises but KV has less
program for exercises in their daily
FP-ExP-052 routine due to a non- residential pattern .
Comparative Study of Health Related Key words:Health-Related Physical Fitness,

Physical Fitness betweenthe Students Cardiovascular endurance, Muscular
ofJawaharNavodayaVidyalayaandKen strength, Flexibility, Physical Fitness, Body
driyaVidyalayaof Manipur composition
Dr.Maibam Nodiyachand Singh,

MdJulman MPES
Department of Physical Education and

Sports Science,Manipur University,
Canchipur
Every day, millions of people of all ages in

the existing world participated in games
and sports or any physical activities to
staying fit and healthy. It has been realized
that fitness adds legibility and happiness
life. The aim of this present study was to
compare the health related physical
rd
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY was considered to be statistically
significant.
FP-REP-053
Result: Muscle strength, respiratory blast
Assessment of Skeletal Muscle test and respiratory endurance tests are
Strength, Fatigue and Respiratory not statistically significant during different
Efficiency in Young Healthy Females phases of menstrual cycle. Time of fatigue
is significantly higher (p<0.05) during the
during Different Phases of Menstrual
proliferative phase compared to the
Cycle. premenstrual phase.
KarthikaPriyadharshini Udayakumar1,
Conclusion: In females, muscles undergo
Kavitha Ukkirapandiayan2, Nirmala easy fatigability during premenstrual
1
Natarajan phasehence it has to be considered during
1
athletic training and selection program.
Sri Venkateshwara Medical College
Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur,
Keywords: follicular phase, luteal phase,
Pondicherry.2Meenakshi Medical College respiratory blast test, respiratory
and research centre, Kanchipuram endurance, skeletal muscle performance
Background: Fluctuating levels of sex
FP-REP-054
steroids across the menstrual cycle not
only produce physiological changes in the
reproductive system but also affect A Study on Sociodemographic Status
skeletal muscle strength and respiratory of Infertile Men Attending IVF Centre
efficiency. Increasing participation of of Geetanjali Medical College
women in competitive sports has drawn &Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan
attention of the scientists to understand
the effect of menstrual cycle on athletic Sandhya Sharma, Manjinder Kaur, Pooja
performance. Physical work capacity Gandhi, Karunakar Kota
depends on respiratory efficiency and
skeletal muscle strength. Background:Male infertility can be defined
as an inability to induce conception due to
Objectives: To evaluate skeletal muscle defect in spermatic function. It is a
performance and respiratory efficiency worldwide problem and approximately 8-
during different phases of menstrual cycle 10% of couples within reproductive age
in non-athletic eumennorheic women. group are infertile. It is estimated that
globally 60-80 million couples suffer from
Materials & methods: Fifty non-athletic infertility every year, of which probably
healthy female subjects aged between 20 - between 15-20 million are in India alone.
30 years of age with normal BMI and Considering its high prevalence and
history of regular menstrual cycle were widespread impact, it has been included
selected. Muscle strength and time of as a part of the national program for
fatigue was determined using hand grip Reproductive and Child health in India.
dynamometer. Respiratory efficiency was
assessed using respiratory blast test and Objectives: To study sociodemographic
respiratory endurance test during profile of infertile men attending IVF
premenstrual and proliferative phase of centre.
menstrual cycle. Student’s paired t test
was used for analyzing the data. P<0.05
rd
Material & methods: A Single centric, role of the change in female sex hormones
prospective, open label, randomized study affecting lung function tests is still
was conducted at IVF centre of Geetanjali questionable due to existence of conflicting
Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur. A results from various studies.
total of 191 patients of age group 21-45
years were included in the study. A pre Objectives: To assess the pulmonary
tested, semi structured questionnaire function tests in different phases of
were used for data collection and written menstrual cycle in normal females.
consent was obtained from such patients.
Data were analyzed in SPSS software. Materials and methods: Women in the age
group of 15 – 40years with regular
Results: Out of 191 patient’s majority menstrual cycle were recruited for the
were of age group between 31-35 years study. The patients who had suffered an
(29.84%), Hindu (63.35%), from urban area asthmatic attack in last 2 months and those
(76.43%), vegetarian (66.49%), on medication for respiratory illness or any
smoker/chewers (38.21), literate (87.43%), medical disease affecting lungs, Pregnant
industrial or factory workers (23.03%), and women and Women on oral contraceptives
belonged to class IV socio economic status were excluded from the study.
(46.59%). Computerized Spirometry testing was done
during the three phases (3days prior – LMP)
Conclusion: An overall improvement in - premenstrual phase, 9th-12th day
living condition, type of diet, social habits, proliferative phase, 19-22nd secretory
education, socioeconomic status and phase) of the same menstrual cycle. Forced
counseling is necessary to decrease the Vital Capacity (FVC), forced Expiratory
prevalence of infertility in men. Volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV1/FVC,
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were
Keywords: Sociodemographic, infertile, recorded.
IVF centre
Results: The FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%
FP-REP-055 (P<0.05) were higher in the secretory phase
compared to proliferative and the
Effect of Different Phases of Menstrual premenstrual phase. PEFR and FEV1/FVC
Cycle on Pulmonary Function Tests were significantly reduced in the
premenstrual phase.
Dr. K. Umamaheswari,
Conclusion: Our study findings indicate a
ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Chennai. definite role of female sex hormones on
airways and, a higher pulmonary function in
Background: Asthma is a clinical syndrome the secretory phase suggests a possible
characterized by recurrent episodes of beneficial role of progesterone on the
airway obstruction and its prevalence is airways.
increasing worldwide. It has been observed
that there is an exacerbation of symptoms Keywords: Menstrual cycle, pulmonary
during the premenstrual period in females function tests.
which has been associated to the cyclic
changes in the female sex hormones. The
rd
METABOLIC PHYSIOLOGY Results: In Group 1, mean baseline value
for S.Magnesium is 1.79±0.032 mg/dl &
FP-MEP-056 after treatment values at 16 weeks
1.92±0.034mg/dl, which is highly
A Study of Magnesium significant. In Group 2, Mean baseline
value for S.Magnesium is 1.79±0.031
Supplementation on Fasting Blood
mg/dl & after treatment values at 16
Glucose in Patients of Diabetes
weeks is 1.82±0.030, which is non-
Mellitus Type-2 significant. In our
study, values for mean fasting blood sugar
Pooja Chaurasia, Ashutosh Bharadwaj, level in group 1 before treatment was
RichaSrivastav 146.33±1.60 mg/dl as compared to
127.07±0.96 mg/dl values after treatment,
S.N.Medical College Agra which is highly significant(p<0.001). In
group 2 values for mean fasting blood
Background: Magnesium helps to glucose level before treatment (i.e first
maintain normal muscle & nerve visit) was 145±1.81mg/dl as compared to
functions, keeps heart rhythm steady, 136.53±1.31 mg/dl values after treatment,
supports a healthy immune system & which is also considered significant.
keeps bones strong. It also helps to
regulate blood sugar levels and promote Conclusion: Addition of magnesium
normal blood pressure. There is an supplements with metformin in type 2
increased interest in its role in preventing diabetes mellitus patients shows
& managing disorders such as significant improvement in fasting blood
hypertension, cardiovascular disease & glucose levels.
diabetes. Low serum & intracellular
magnesium concentrations are associated Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Magnesium
with insulin resistance, impaired glucose supplementation, Fasting blood glucose
tolerance & decreased insulin secretion. level.
Objective: To study the effect of FP-MEP-057

magnesium supplementation on fasting
blood glucose in patients of diabetes
mellitus type-2. Effect of Sprint Interval Training on
Metabolic Syndrome Status
Material & Methods: This interventional &
comparative study was conducted in Khaled M Badaam1, US Zingade2
department of physiology & neurology,
1
S.N.M.C, Agra. The study was done in 60 Department of Physiology, GMC
2
patients of diabetic neuropathy. These Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Department in
patients were divided in 2 groups, Group Physiology, RCSM GMC Kolhapur,
1(n=30) receiving Magnesium &Metformin Maharashtra
therapy for a period of 16 weeks & Group
2(n=30) receiving only Metformin therapy. Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS)
The blood samples were collected &
increases the risk of not only Diabetes but
analyzed for serum magnesium & fasting
also cardiovascular disorders & premature
blood glucose at 0, 4, 8, 16 weeks
respectively. Patients of diabetes mellitus death. Traditional aerobic exercise is
with other complications were excluded. known to benefit by reducing the
symptoms of the syndrome. However,
traditional aerobic exercise requires more
rd
time and has less compliance. Sprint FP-MEP-058
Interval Training (SIT) is a newer
alternative with increased intensity & Cognitive and Behavioural Changes in
reduced time requirement. Juvenile Diabetes - Role of Enriched
Environment
Aims: We hypothesized that SIT would be
better than continuous moderate exercise Rajashree R1, Khlokute SD2, Goudar SS3
with regard to its benefits in MS and
1
associated parameters. Departmentof Physiology, Gadag Institute
of Medical Sciences, Gadag, 2Ex-Director,
Methods: It is a parallel group randomized NIRRH, ICMR, Mumbai, 3Department of
trial. Sample size was calculated for 80% Physiology, JN Medical College, Belagavi
power of study with α as 0.05 for two
sided hypothesis. Study was done at GMC, Introduction:Diabetes mellitus of early
Aurangabad. Eighty subjects (32.4 ± 3.8 onset affects both the peripheral and
years ) of MS as per IDF criteria were central nervous system. However,
randomized to either moderate exercise diabetes induced behavioural and
for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week or SIT cognitive changes in children are less well
for 10 minutes a day thrice a week for 6 documented and studied. Effective
weeks. Primary outcome measure was management of T1DM is another major
reversal of MS status & secondary challenge. Hence, easily available,
outcome measures were waist affordable novel, non-invasive therapies
circumference & aerobic capacity. like enriched environment is the need of
time. The present study aimed to
Results: The proportion of MS subjects determine the effect of enriched
reduced by 0.55 (CI: 0.4 to 0.69) in SIT environment cognitive and behavioural
group & by 0.2 (CI: 0.1 to 0.35) in changes in juvenile diabetic rats.
moderate exercise group & the absolute
risk reduction was -0.35 (CI: -0.52 to - Methods: Diabetes was induced in 25 days
0.14). There was a significantly better old Wistar rats, by STZ and reared in
improvement in waist circumference & enriched environment 6 hrs/day for 30
aerobic capacity in SIT group as compared days. Then, rats were tested in various
to moderate exercise group. mazes and differences assessed by using
one way ANOVA test followed by
Conclusions: High intensity SIT for shorter Bonferroni multiple comparison test.
duration can be utilized for reversing Behavioural parameters were assessed by
factors relating to the MS. Kruskal - Wallis non-parametric test.
Keywords: Sprint Training, Traditional Results: The statistically significant

aerobic exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, (p<0.01) difference was observed between
Aerobic capacity, waist circumference, the enriched environment and diabetic
Time group of rats. Additionally, few effects are
comparable to conventional therapy,
insulin (P< 0.05) in various parameters.
Conclusions:We have shown that diabetic

rats reared in enriched housing conditions,
rd
showed improved cognitive measures. The Results: BMI (22.04± 2.36) kg/m2 shows a
role of enriched environment has not significant positive correlation with BMD
previously been reported, hence identifies (1.202 ± 0.119), r= 0.327, p< 0.05.
a potential new therapeutic target in
diabetic encephalopathy. However further Conclusion:The results suggest that lower
advanced studies needed to explore BMI is an important risk factor for the
underlying mechanisms. occurrence of low BMD. BMD can be used
for screening of osteoporosis.
Keywords: Cognition, behavior, juvenile
diabetes mellitus, learning, enriched Keywords: BMI, BMD, Women, DEXA scan,
environment Osteoporosis
FP-MEP-059 FP-MEP-060
Relationship between Body Mass A Study of Association of Low Total

Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density Testosterone Levels and Impaired
(BMD) In Women of Manipur Blood Glucose Levels in Middle Aged
Men
Dr.Laishram Geetanjali, Dr. W. Kanan
Priyanka Mourya, AnilWarkar
Department of Physiology, RIMS, Imphal.
Government Medical College and General
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is a Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra
good indicator for measurement of bone
mineral density (BMD) which measures Background: India is home to the second
largest population of diabetics in the
the density of minerals present in the
world, with an average age of diabetic
bones. Dual energy X ray absorptiometry
onset being only 42.5 years. Besides the
(DEXA) is the most accurate way to
known risk factors, impaired fasting
measure BMD.
glucose (insulin resistant state) has also
been found to be associated with low or
Objectives: This study was performed to
low normal levels of serum testosterone in
evaluate the relationship between BMI men. Most studies have researched upon
and BMD of lumbar spines in women. elderly men and there is lack of
information about such association in
Material &Methods: This study was middle aged men.
conducted on 41 healthy women between
the age group of 20 and 45 years. The Objectives:The aims and objectives of this
height (m) and weight (kg) of all the work are to study the levels of serum total
subjects were recorded and BMI was testosterone (TT) in middle aged men with
calculated. BMD of lumbar spine was diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired fasting
measured using enCORE based X ray bone glucose (IFG); to compare TT in men with
densitometer (Lunar Prodigy Advance, GE and without DM/IFG; and to observe the
Medical Systems, USA) based on DEXA correlation between TT and fasting blood
scan. Statistical analysis was done by using glucose (FBS), BMI and waist
SPSS software version 21. circumference (WC).
rd
Methods & Materials:It is a cross development of new management
sectional, observational study involving techniques.
150 non tobacco addict, nonalcoholic men
(31-55 years). Anthropometric Objective: The present study was aimed to
evaluate the correlation between one of
measurements, serum FBS, and serum TT the inflammatory markers, interleukin-6
were measured. (IL-6) with pulmonary function parameters
among diabetic patients in Manipur
Results:Significant differences were
present in levels of mean TT and WC, but Materials & methods: This was a cross-
not in mean BMI, when populations with sectional study , carried out in
and without DM/IFG were compared. departments of Physiology and Medicine
of RIMS, Imphal during the period of
Negative correlation present weakly June,2016 to April, 2017 with a study
between TT and FBS, BMI but strongly group of 60 T2DM patients, being selected
between TT and WC. on the basis of American Diabetic
Association criteria and were compared
Conclusion:TT levels are low not only in with control group of 60 which were age
men with DM but also in apparently and sex matched. PFTs and serum IL-6
were measured by computerised
healthy men who have IFG. By virtue of spirometer model Helios-702, RMS,
being associated with abdominal obesity Chandigarh and ELISA method
low TT might have a role to play in respectively. Data were analysed by SPSS
pathogenesis of insulin resistance. version 21 using student’s unpaired t-test
and correlation test.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, impaired
glucose tolerance, total testosterone, Result: Comparison of PFTs and IL-6
between cases and controls were found to
insulin resistance be statistically significant for FEV1/FVC
(P=0.00) and IL-6 (P=0.024), whereas they
FP-MEP-061 were statistically insignificant for FVC
(P=0.76), FEV1 (P=0.71), PEFR (P=0.44) and
Correlation of Pulmonary Function PEP25%-75% (P=0.26). Serum IL-6 is
Tests (PFTS) and Serum Interleukin-6 negatively correlated with FVC (ῤ=-0.041)
(Il-6) Among Diabetes Mellitus and poorly correlated with FEV1 (ῤ=0.069),
Patients in Manipur FEV1/FVC (ῤ=0.14), PEFR (ῤ=0.068) and
PEP25%-75% (ῤ=0.006)
Dr. SunetraSarma (PGT), Prof.L.Suresh
Roy Conclusion: Increased serum IL-6 is
associated with decreased lung functions
among diabetic patients. Further these
Dept. of Physiology,Regional Institute of findings indicate that the clinicians need to
Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal(W), be aware of this association.
Manipur
Keywords: PFTs, IL-6, Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of
the most common and non-communicable
diseases globally. Chronic low grade
inflammation plays important role in
pathogenesis of macro/micro vascular
complications including poorly understood
pulmonary complication. But
understanding the correlation between
the inflammatory process and pulmonary
functions is important for further
rd
FP-MEP-062 Results:
BMI
Correlation of High Sensitivity C-
(kg/m2)
Reactive Protein With Body Mass CRP p
Me SD( No
Index In 25-45 Year Old Population Of Gend (mg/L F val
an %) .
Alappuzha, Kerala, India: A er ) ue
21.
Descriptive Study
<=1 9 2.5 13
13.
1.01 - 25. 0.0
Dr. Sunayana Mathew, Dr. Rose Davy C, Male 53*
3.0 8 2.3 18 00
Dr. Deepa Rajendran *
28.
>3.0 3 3.4 3
Department of Physiology, Government 22.
T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, <=1 2 3.7 26 15.
Fema 1.01 - 25. 0.0
India 01*
le 3.0 1 3.4 35 00
*
Background:High-sensitivity C-reactive >3.0 28. 3.4 16
protein (hs-CRP) is known as a marker for 2
low-grade inflammation and **: - Significant at 0.01level
atherosclerosis. Due to its cardiovascular
risk owing to atherosclerosis, its possible 40
correlation with obesity in a local

population was assessed, using BMI as the 30
parameter.
Objective:To study correlation of hs-CRP 20
with BMI in a population of 25-45 years in

Alappuzha, Kerala.
BMI
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
CRP
Materials & Methods/Procedure:111
subjects of either sex, with no history of
coronary artery disease, ongoing systemic Fig: Correlation of CRP with BMI,
illnesses or steroid treatment, were r=0.534**,p=0.000
selected; BMI and serum fasting levels of
hs-CRP taken; arbitrarily divided into three Conclusions/Implications:Hs-CRP was
groups, having hs-CRP levels (i)<1 mg/l, found to have significant correlation with
(ii)1-3 mg/l, and (iii)>3 mg/l, and the Mean BMI (r=0.534; p<0.01). Further prediction
BMI in each group calculated. model studies can be done with BMI,
which, in turn should predict the
Cardiovascular risk, in Kerala.
Keywords:High-sensitivity, C -reactive
protein, Body Mass Index, Atherosclerosis,
Coronary artery disease
rd
FP-MEP-063 Results: The analysis shows a statistically
significant percent of medical student are
Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes among pre- Diabetic with positive association with
Medical Students and Its Correlation gender variation and family history of
with Family History of Diabetes. diabetes. Overweight/obesity
anddevelopment of pre-diabetic condition
Dr. Chowdhury Ajoy, Dr.Das K S is also statistically significant.
Department of Physiology, A.J. Institute of Conclusion: Al though diabetes mellitus is

Medical Sciences and Research Centre, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome, but
Kuntikana, Mangalore. some of its risk factors can be reduced by
maintaining healthy lifestyle like doing
Background: In 2008, an estimated 347 exercise, avoiding junk foods & sedentary
million people in the world had diabetes life style and give up the addictions like
and the prevalence is growing, particularly smoking or consuming alcohol etc.
in low- and middle-income countries. India
had 69.2 million people living with Keywords: Pre-diabetes, Obesity, Fasting
diabetes as per the 2015 data. Of these, it plasma glucose
remained undiagnosed in more than 36
million people. Pre-diabetes is a FP-MEP-064
condition with blood glucose level higher
than normal but not high enough to be Assessment of Early Onset of
diagnosed as diabetes. According to the Autonomic Dysfunctions in
National Urban Diabetes Survey, the Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid
prevalence of pre-diabetes is 14%.5-10% Patients.
of people per year with pre-diabetes will
progress to diabetes. Manisha Mavai1, Yogendra Raj Singh2,
Sandeep K Mathur2, R C Gupta3, Bharti
Objective: To study the prevalence of pre- Bhandari1
diabetes among young medical students &
to establish the co-relation between family 1
Department of Physiology, AIIMS,
history of diabetes, gender variation or Jodhpur, 2Department of Endocrinology,
obesity. SMS, Jaipur, 3Department of Physiology,
MGMC, Jaipur.
Materials & Methods: 110 medical
students of age group of 20-24 years of Background: Aging is associated with
AJIMS& RC volunteered for the study. altered Cardiac Autonomic activity,
Fasting plasma glucose level checked in manifested as diminished heart rate
biochemistry department after an variability (HRV). Autonomic activity is also
overnight fasting for 8-14 hours. deranged in thyroid dysfunctions and may
Anthropometric parameters collected by
lead to cardiovascular morbidity and
standard methods and BMI calculated.
mortality.
Written informed consent and ethical
committee approval taken. Data analyzed
Objectives:To observe the onset of
using SPSS version 22.
autonomic dysfunctions in newly
diagnosed young thyroid patients by
rd
comparing the HRV in hypo-, hyper- AYUSH
thyroid patients and healthy controls.
FP-AY-065
Material & Methods: The study was
conducted on age and sex matched Evaluation of Effect of
hypothyroid, hyperthyroid patients and
KadukkaiMaathirai (A Siddha
healthy controls (n=15 in each group, 20-
Polyherbal Formulation) Against
30 years of age). Young volunteers were
included in our study to rule out the age
Ethanol Induced Liver Damage in Rats
induced autonomic dysfunction.
Manjunath Shetty1,Smita Shenoy2,
Autonomic activity was assessed by short
Vasudha Devi , Nitesh Kumar3
1
term 5-min HRV.
1
Department of Pharmacology, Melaka
Results: Significant decrease in RMSSD
Manipal Medical College (Manipal
and SDNN was observed in hyper
Campus), Manipal University, Manipal,
(p<0.0001) and hypothyroids (p<0.05) 2
Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba
when compared to controls. pNN50 and
Medical College, Manipal University,
RMSSD was significantly decreased in
Manipal, 3Department of Pharmacology,
hyper-thyroids in comparison to hypo-
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
thyroids and controls (p<0.0001). These
sciences, Manipal University, Manipal
results are suggestive of decreased
parasympathetic tone in these patients.
Background: Kadukkaimaathirai (KM) is a
Total power was significantly reduced in
polyherbal siddha formulation used in the
both the groups.
treatment of liver disorders. There is lack
of scientific data on its hepatoprotective
Conclusion: We conclude that cardiac
effect.
autonomic activity; primarily
parasympathetic tone was more
Objectives:The aim of the study was to
diminished in young newly diagnosed
evaluate the prophylactic effect of
hyperthyroid patients. This is indicative of
Kadukkaimaathirai against ethanol
early onset and early manifestation of
induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
autonomic dysfunction in these patients,
thus predisposing them to increased
Materials &methods:Four groups (n=6) of
cardiovascular morbidity. We recommend
adult female Sprague dawley rats were
early screening of hyperthyroid patients used. Ethanol was administered in the
for cardiac problems. dose of 45% v/v 15ml /kg/body weight
twice a day in the study. The four groups
Keywords: Cardiac Autonomic activity, were treated orally for 8 weeks with 2%
Heart rate variability, Hypothyroid, gum acacia (control), ethanol (toxic
Hyperthyroid, Aging, parasympathetic control), ethanol + KM 72 mg/kg, and
tone. ethanol + KM 400 mg/kg, respectively. At
the end of 8 weeks, blood was collected by
retro-orbital puncture for estimation of
liver enzymes (AST, ALT). Liver was
dissected out for histopathology. Data was
analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed
by Tukey’s test.
rd
Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) department of Physiology in SN Medical
decrease in the serum AST and ALT level College Agra. A total of 59 students
in rats treated with KM 72 mg/kg as between 18 to 25 years of age, who were
compared to KM 400 mg/kg treated rats mild myopic (<3Diopters) were included in
and toxic control. Liver parenchyma the study after taking their
showed near normal architecture in KM 72 consents.Exclusion criteria for myopia:
mg/kg treated group as compared to Myopia (>3D), severely malnourished,
ethanol treated group which showed other disease of eye and people with other
extensive ballooning degeneration of systemic diseases were excluded. Visual
hepatocytes and micro vesicular steatosis. acuity of each eye was determined by
Snellen's chart. Then the students were
Conclusion:Kadukkaimaathirai, in the dose divided into groups in two groups. Group
of 72 mg/kg, exerted hepatoprotective A: who practiced exercises for 6
effect against ethanol induced liver months. Group B: who did not do any eye
damage in rats. exercises.
The exercises were done by group
Keywords: Kadukkaimaathirai, A both morning (supervised) and evening
hepatoprotective effect, micro vesicular (not supervised) for 6 months. Visual
steatosis, liver enzymes acuity for all the myopic subjects was
taken before the start of the study, at 3
FP-AY-066 months then after 6 months.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Result: The geometric mean of visual

Yogic Eye Exercises on Mild Myopia acuity in group A (experimental) was 6/18
among First Professional Medical before exercise while it was 6/16 in group
B. After 6 months of exercise in group A it
Students.
was 6/15 while 6/18 in group B. In group a
visual equity mean (log MAR) decreased
Dushyant Kumar, RichaSrivastav,
from 0.492±0.3 to 0.4853±0.3 which was
statistically significant. In group B subjects’
S.N. Medical College, Agra.
visual acuity mean increase from
0.4167±0.3 to 0.4645±0.3 after 6 months
Background: Myopia (nearsightedness) is
but the difference was statistically
a refractive anomaly of eye in which
insignificant.
parallel light rays entering the eyes are
focused by the eye in front of the retina. In
Conclusion: With the help of regular yogic
1900 an ophthalmologist William H. Bate's
exercises visual acuity in mild myopic can
theorized that myopia is nothing but a
be improved and progression of myopia
result of habitual strain of eyes and use of
can be delayed.
glasses to correct is like using crutches.
Yogic eye exercises are supposed to
Keywords: Myopia, Visual acuity, Mean
strengthen the extra ocular muscles and
visual acuity (log MAR).
prevent eye strain.
Objective: To study the effect of yogic eye

exercises among the group of myopic
students on the basis of visual acuity.
This interventional and
prospective study was conducted in
rd
FP-AY-067 study period, stress was assessed again by
K10, and compared.
Living Barefoot: An Experimental
Study on Effect of Barefoot Contact Results: There was a significant change
with Earth in Reducing Stress (p<0.01) in the K10 score (pre-study 26
±2.26, post-study 22.27±1.92) after a
Dr.Shivayogappa S Teli,Dr. M month of regular barefoot contact.
SenthilVelou,Dr. L Paramasivam
Conclusion:Earthing may have several
Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College benefits on our health and we believe that
and Hospital, Puducherry being barefoot, whenever feasible, can be
a natural remedy for psychological
Background: In the past, we lived in direct distress.
contact with earth almost all the time by
being barefoot and sleeping on the Keywords: earthing, barefoot, stress, K10,
ground. Modern lifestyle, wearing medical, intervention
chappals and shoes, has disconnected us
from earth’s surface. Research has FP-AY-068
confirmed that reconnecting the human
body with earth using conductive cable Effect of Yoga on Lipid Profile in Type
reduces stress level. It is hypothesized that Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients with
Earthing, i.e., direct contact of human Dyslipidemia
body with earth’s surface by barefoot,
may also produce similar effects. TyngshainlangSutnga, Sarada N
Objectives: The present study aims to Department of Physiology, Regional

assess the effect of barefoot contact with Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal
earth on the psychological distress.
Background: Yoga which aims at
Materials & methods: It’s an harmonizing mind, body and spirit, has
interventional study involving 220 medical been shown to be useful in individuals
students residing in the hostel. Kessler with dyslipidemia in type II diabetes
Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was mellitus with dyslipidemia.
used to measure anxiety and depressive
symptoms a person may have experienced Objective: To assess the effect of Yoga on
in the past 4 weeks, and 56 participants, lipid profile in type II diabetes mellitus
having mild-to-moderate distress, were patients.
selected for earthing. All the sessions were
conducted near the hostel buildings for a Methods: We conducted intervention
period of one month under the study at Department of Physiology in
supervision of researcher. During each collaboration with Yoga Training and
session, participants remained barefoot, Research Centre Kwakeithel, Imphal on 25
either in standing or sitting posture so that type II diabetes mellitus patients with
their feet were in contact with the ground dyslipidemia, between January 2017 - April
for at least 30 minutes daily. At the end of 2017. Baseline parameters for serum lipid
profile were recorded. Fasting sample was
rd
collected from the ante-cubital vein. The Objectives: The present study aimed to
same parameters were estimated after 3 assess the immediate effects (15 minutes)
months of Yoga Training. Paired‘t’ test was of alternate nostril yoga breathing on
done for comparison of means before and attention and arousal.
after Yoga. P<0.05 is taken as significant.
Material & methods: Ten normal healthy
Results: Most of the participants were male volunteers with ages between 20 and
Male 16 (64%). There is a significant 30 years (group average age ± SD,
difference on lipid profile after yoga on 25.8±2.9 years) having at least 6 months of
total cholesterol (168.6±4.06;p value experience in yoga practice took part in
0.031), triglycerides (144.84±27.15;p value the study. The study was a self as control
0.001), HDL (44.96±1.89;p value 0.010), study where each participant was assessed
LDL ( 95.00±4.91;p value 0.026) and VLDL on two consecutive days for two
(28.66±1.14;p value 0.021). interventions i.e, alternate nostril yoga
breathing and breath awareness.
Conclusion: Mind-body therapy of yogic Attention was assessed using P300 ERP
asanās for 3 months has been found (Nicolet EDX system, U.S.A) at Fz, Pz and
profound effect in correcting dyslipidemia Cz scalp sites with linked earlobes as
which is a modifiable risk factor in type II reference while arousal was assessed
diabetes mellitus and its complications. using heart rate variability (HRV) (Biopac
MP45 2 Channel polygraph, U.S.A). The
Keywords: Yoga, lipid profiles, type II two interventions were assigned randomly
diabetes mellitus using an online randomizer
(www.randomizer.org). The study had
FP-AY-069 clearance from the Ethics Committee of
the institution.
A Pilot Study to Assess the Effects of
Alternate Nostril Yoga Breathing On Trends and inferences: Considering that
Attention and Arousal this is a pilot study with 10 subjects no
statistical tests are attempted. The trends
Sachin Kumar Sharma, Niranjan Kala, are presented here. The trends showed an
Shirley Telles& Acharya Balkrishna increase in P300 ERP amplitude recorded
at Fz, Pz and Cz sites.
Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar,
India Conclusions: Alternate nostril yoga
breathing may be useful to improve
Background: Focused attention is attention by increasing attentional
associated with an increase in sympathetic resources required during an attention
activity which is undesirable to health if task without undesirable changes in
prolonged. In separate studies alternate autonomic activity usually associated with
nostril yoga breathing has been shown to focused attention.
improve attention and reduce the overall
activity of the sympathetic nervous Keywords: Attention, Arousal, Alternate
system. nostril yoga breathing, Breath awareness,
P300, Heart rate variability
rd
FP-AY-070 28 (p= 0.001). Also, among the group B
there was statistically significant (p<0.05)
Impact of Yoga Including TratakKriya and highly significant (p<0.01) reduction in
on Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma IOP of right eye at 14th and 28th day
Patients respectively as compared to the baseline
values.
Sankalp1, Raj Kumar Yadav1, Tanuj Dada2,
Ritesh Netam1, HanjabamBarunSharma1, Conclusions: Intraocular pressure in
Sanjay Patel1 glaucoma patients might be reduced by
practicing short term yoga based ocular
1
Department of Physiology, All India exercises and Tratakkriya. This is first
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, report regarding effect of short term yoga
India, 110029, 2Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre based ocular exercise and Tratakkriya in
for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute glaucoma.
of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
110029 Key words: Intraocular pressure,
glaucoma, Yoga, Tratakkriya, ocular
Objective:To study the effect of Yoga exercises, eye accommodation
based ocular exercises and modified
TratkaKriya on glaucoma by a randomized PHARMACOLOGY
controlled trial.
FP-PH-071
Methods: We recruited 45 glaucoma
patients from RPC, AIIMS, New Delhi into Adherence to Treatment in Patients
group A (control group, n=19) and group B Undergoing Dialysis
(intervention group, n=19) after
randomization. Both the groups continued Rakshitha B V, NaliniG K
their ongoing treatment. Group B patients
performed the yogic ocular exercises and Department of Pharmacology, Hassan
Tratak intervention (in addition to the Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan -
ongoing medical treatment) for 2 weeks 573201
under supervision and then 2 weeks of
follow up at home. The intervention was Background: The prevalence and
performed for 56 - 60 minutes per day for incidence of chronic kidney disease (end-
28 days. Patients in both groups were stage renal disease) are continuously
tested at baseline, day 14 and day 28 for increasing, particularly in elderly patients.
intraocular pressure (IOP) by NCT Poor adherence to complex multimodal
(noncontact tonometry) and Quality of life therapies is a widely recognized problem
(QoL) by WHO BREF score. in the daily care of dialysis patients,
contributing to excess morbidity and
Results: Mean age of patients were 44.68 mortality of this population
+ 12.42 years and 48.80 + 7.56 years in
group A and group B respectively. Aims & Objectives:To study the
Controlling the initial values difference in adherence to medications in Patients
IOP of right eye was statistically highly undergoing hemodialysis.
significant between the two groups at day
rd
Methods: After obtaining approval from Objective: To compare the effect of LC-
Institutional Ethical Committee, a cross MS/MS based standardized hydroalcoholic
sectional study was carried out among 200 extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos with
patients undergoing dialysis in a tertiary its polarity guided fractions,
care hospital, Hassan. More than 18years phytoconstituent-rutin and standard drugs
of age of either sex & Dialysis of > metformin and pioglitazone, on markers of
3months were enrolled into the study. An fructose induced IR using HepG2 cell line.
eight item Morisky Medication adherence
questionnaire was used to assess Method: The hydroalcoholic extract of
medication adherence. Descriptive leaves of Aegle marmelos (AM-HM) and its
statistics were used to analyse the fractions (n-hexane(AM-H), chloroform
(AM-C), ethyl acetate (AM-EA), n-butanol
results
(AM-B), aqueous(AM-A) were
Results: Results will be duly presented in standardized for rutin content using ESI-
the conference LC-MS/MS. Human hepatocellular cancer
cell line (HepG2) was grown for 48 hrs,
Keywords: Dialysis, Adherence, chronic either in -DMEM-glucose+0.55mM
kidney disease, morbidity, mortality, fructose (FC1), DMEM-glucose+1mM
Morisky Medication adherence fructose(FC2) or DMEM-glucose+1mM
questionnaire. fructose(FC2)+0.1µM insulin(FC3) with.
Cells in each arm were treated with AM-
FP-PH-072 HM, AM-H, AM-C, AM-EA, AM-B, AM-A,
Rutin, Metformin and Pioglitazone and
Butanol Fraction Of Hydroalcoholic assessed for levels of aldehyde
dehydrogenase, hexokinase,
Extract Of Leaves Of Aegle Marmelos
ketohexokinase, phosphofructokinase,
Fares Better Than Metformin,
glycogen, hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1α),
Pioglitazone Or RutinIn Ameliorating , mitochondrial target of rapamycin
Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance In (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol kinase
Hepg2 Cells (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of
transcriptions-3(STAT-3), vascular
Mathur R, Nair J, Das U, Velpandian T endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
tumour necrosis factor (TNF- α).
Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research, New Delhi 110017, Result: Rutin concentration in AM-HM and
India.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AM-B was 1.973+0.04932 and
All India Institute of Medical Sciences and 7.210+0.011.78 µgml-1, respectively. AM-B
Research, New Delhi 110029, India. raised the activity of glycolytic enzymes,
decreased gluconeogenesis enzymes,
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is reduced markers of inflammation,
characterized by hyperinsulinemia, altered hypoxia, lipogenesis and improved insulin
glucose metabolism and resistance in FC2. AM-B holds potential to
pro‑ inflammatory state. Its management be further developed for management of
suffers from lack of exclusive fructose induced IR.
pharmacotherapeutic agents and often
managed symptomatically.
rd
Keywords: Fructose, Insulin resistance, costs of generic and branded medicines
HepG2, Aegle marmelos, Rutin will be calculated.
FP-PH-073 Results:Results are under statistical

analysis, will be duly presented in the
Analysis of Cost between Branded conference.
Medicines and Generic Medicines ina
Tertiary Care Hospital Keywords:Generic Drugs, Branded Drugs,
Mean costs, Debate, Cost-
Dr. Mohith N, Dr.Nalini G K Analysis,Pharmacoeconomics.
Department of Pharmacology, HIMS, FP-PH-074

Hassan -573201
A Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of
Background:There is much debate Combinations of Tamsulosin with
regarding the importance of promoting Dutasteride& Silodosin with
the use of cheaper generic alternatives Dutasteride in patients of BPH (Benign
over brand-name drugs. While generic Prostate Hyperplasia) with LUTS
drugs have been noted to be comparable (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms)
to brand-name drugs in their ability to
treat conditions, significant debate Madan N1, Gupta MC1, Kamal H2
surrounding their bioavailability, or the
concentration of the drug that reaches its 1
Department of Pharmacology,
site of action, has arisen. Many experts 2
Department of Urology, Pt. B.D. Sharma,
continue to believe that generic and PGIMS, Rohtak
brand-name drugs are bioequivalent and
equally viable options for effective drug Background: α-1 antagonists and 5α-
treatment, as assumed in this review. reductase inhibitors in combination are
commonly used medical treatment in
Aims & Objectives:To compare and patients of benign prostate hyperplasia
evaluate the costs of various branded and (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms
generic medicine and to ascertain the (LUTS).
rationality of emphasizing generic versus
branded prescription. Objectives: A pilot study to compare the
efficacy and safety of combination of
Materials & Methods: Prices of commonly tamsulosin with dutasteride& silodosin
used branded and generic medicines with dutasteride in patients of BPH with
available as both branded and generic LUTS.
forms and in same concentration, dosage
form and combination will be compared Material & methods: Twenty two male
with the help of Indian Drug Review, patients aged ≥45 years diagnosed with
brochures of pharmaceuticals and BPH and LUTS were randomized to receive
pharmacies.Mean of all the prices tamsulosin (0.4 mg) with dutasteride (0.5
available, of branded medicine and mg) [Group I] & silodosin (8 mg) with
generic medicine, will be calculated, and dutasteride (0.5 mg) [Group II] over 8
the percentage difference in the mean weeks. The efficacy outcome measures
rd
were International Prostate Symptom of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India,
5
Score (IPSS) and Maximum Urinary Flow Department of Chemistry, IIT, New Delhi,
Rate (Qmax). The safety was evaluated by India
using standard adverse drug reaction
(ADR) reporting form of Central Drugs Background & Objectives: It is of
Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO). particular interest to develop a bio-
analytical method of CCAs to study
Results: IPSS improved by 49.1% and intraocular penetration after systemic
50.6% in tamsulosin& silodosin groups administration for the development of
respectively (p value <0.001). Qmax QSPR algorithm. Therefore, the present
improved by 0.55 ml/sec & 0.45 ml/sec in study has been conducted to develop and
tamsulosin& silodosin groups respectively validate UHPLC-MS/MS method
(p value <0.001). Both the treatments forsimultaneous quantification of 8
were found to be equally effective (p value analytes in human plasma.
>0.05). Both the combinations had
potential for causing ADRs, dizziness being Methods: An isocratic chromatographic
common in tamsulosin group whereas separation of selected CCAs was achieved
retrograde ejaculation and headache in using Atlantis T3 analytical column for
silodosin group. elution of all analytes using mobile phases
consisted of (A) milli-Q water with 0.1%
Conclusion: Combinations of tamsulosin formic acid (FA), (B) acetonitrile with 0.1%
and silodosin with dutasteride are equally FA and (C) 5mM ammonium format buffer
effective and safe medical therapy in at a ratio of 10:50:40 v/v pumped at a flow
patients of BPH with LUTS. rate of 0.5 ml/min in total run time of
20min. Multiple reaction monitoring
Keywords: Benign prostate hyperplasia (MRM) mode employing the respective
(BPH), selective α-1 antagonists, [M+H]+ ions (m/z) was used for
tamsulosin, silodosin, dutasteride, lower identification and quantification of each
urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) analyte in plasma. This newly developed
method was validated according to the
FP-PH-075 currently accepted USFDA guidelines.
Development and Validation of Results: After several permutations, an

UHPLC-MS/MS Method for isocratic separation of each analyte was
Simultaneous Determination of 8 achieved by the developed method. All
Calcium Channel Antagonists (CCAs) analytes were found to be linear in the
range of 0.078-5ng/mL (nicardipine),
and its Subsequent Utility in Cassette
0.078-10ng/mL (lercanidipine), 0.156-
Dosing Ocular Pharmacokinetic
10ng/mL (amlodipine, azelnidipine,
Studies
nifedipine), 0.39-25ng/mL (nisoldipine,
nimodipine) and 1.56-50ng/mL
Das U1, Titiyal J S2, Singh B3, Sreenivas V4,
(felodipine). Intra-day and inter-day
Jayaram B5, Halder N5, Velpandian T1
accuracy were found in the range of 93.94-
1 103.89% and 93.58-106.65%, respectively.
Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy,
2 Intra-day and inter-day precision (%CV)
Department of Ophthalmology,
4 were found below 12.81% and 8.79%,
Department of Biophysics, 4Department
rd
respectively. Absolute recovery and performed in the ocular tissues (Cornea,
absolute matrix effect of all analytes in Iris Ciliary body, Retina-Choroid) and
plasma were found in between 91.19- Kidney by qRT-PCR at 24 hrs post LPS
109.8% and 83.73%-110.9%, respectively. challenge. Fold change in the gene
expression was calculated by ΔΔCt method.
Conclusion: A highly sensitive, reliable,
and fast UHPLC-MS/MS method was Results:Site-specific mRNA expressions for
developed and validated for cassette various transporters in solute carrier (SLC)
dosage analysis of 8 CCAs drugs in plasma group and ATP-binding cassette
to investigate ocular pharmacokinetics. transporters (ABC transporters) were
shown 24hrs post LPS injection as
Keywords: Calcium channel antagonists, compared to the control group. All the
liquid chromatography, mass transporter expression in different tissues
spectrometry, pharmacokinetics were significantly down regulated when
compared to the saline controls whereas
FP-PH-076 in Iris ciliary body all the drug transporters
have shown up regulation in their
Effect of the Ocular Inflammation on expression levels(p<0.01).
Expression of Transporters in the
Blood Ocular Barriers Conclusion:This study revealed that
various ocular SLC and ABC transporters
Moksha L1, Halder N1, Kumar A2, Singh B3, mRNA levels are dysregulated in the
Chawla R2and Velpandian T1 experimental model of inflammation.
Further studies are in progress to evaluate
1
Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, their importance in the drug transport
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. across the barriers.
Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic
Sciences, 3Department of Biophysics, All Keywords: Uveitis; Endotoxin; SLC
India Institute of Medical sciences, New transporters; ABC transporters; qRT-PCR;
Delhi-110029, INDIA inflammation
Background &Objective:Drug transporters FP-PH-077

of the ocular barriers are known to
regulate the drug levels reaching the Pharmacovigilance Of Anti Retrovirals
humors and tissues of the eye. Therefore, Drugs: Trends and Predictors of
the aim of this study was to evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions
impact of inflammation on various drug
transporters in the experimental model of Dr. Prafull Mohan, Mr.VikasLondhe, Dr. A
Uveitis. K Sharma, Dr. V K Sashindran, Dr. Leena
Rawat.
Methods:Wistar rats of either sex (n=6)
were used for this study. Endotoxin (LPS) Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-40
was administered at the dose of 200 µg
into the hind paw and saline was injected Background: Adverse drug reactions
in control animals. Expression of 15 (ADRs) are a big threat to successful
transporters of SLCand ABC family was HAART continuation and are leading cause
rd
of treatment modification and compliance FP-PH-078
in HIV care
Effect of Memantine and
Objective: To assess the trend of ADRs due Trimetazidine against Ethambutol
to antiretroviral drugs in ART centre induced Retinal Toxicity using
located in western Maharashtra.
Optomotor response (OMR) in
Goldfish
Method: ADRs were reported from ART
centre to the pharmacovigilance
A. R. Vijayakumar1, Madhu Nath2,
department by active and passive
NiharRanjan Biswas3, Rohit
surveillance. During study period, 161 ADR
Saxena4,Nabanita Halder2 and T.
forms were reported containing 200 2
Velpandian
reactions. These reactions were analysed
as per gender, age group, system organ 1
Department of Pharmacology, JIPMER-
class and HAART regimen. Treatment
Karaikal, Karaikal, 2Ocular Pharmacology
modification pattern and possible ADR
and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra
predictors were identified.
Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
Result & discussion: Females and adults
New Delhi,3Department of Pharmacology,
between 17 years to 69 years were
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
involved in highest number of ADRs. Skin
(AIIMS), New Delhi, 4Department of
reactions were the most reported (29.5%)
Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad
followed by blood disorder (19%).
Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India
Neurological disorders were reported in
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New
13% ADRs while urinary tract disorders in
Delhi – 100029.
10.5% ADRs. Treatment modification was
seen in 64% of the ADRs, in which
Background: Tuberculosis is still
neuropsychiatric reactions associated with
considered to be one of the global health
the efavirenz use and nephrotoxicity due
problems. Among the anti-tubercular
to tenofovir had high impact on treatment
drugs, ethambutol (EMB) causes the
modification. Severe anaemia and severe
ocular toxicity on prolonged
skin reactions were also responsible for
administration.
treatment modification.
Objectives: To study the protective effect
Conclusion: Pharmacovigilance of anti-
of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor
retro viral drugs is required to minimise
antagonists against ethambutol induced
the harmful consequences of adverse
ocular toxicity using Optomotor response
effects of HAART treatment. Skin, blood
(OMR) in goldfish.
disorders, urinary, gastrointestinal and
CNS were the main organ system class
Material &methods: Either sex of
affected by ADRs.
goldfishes was randomized into three
groups, each group consisting of eight
animals (n=8). Group1,
2and3animalswereexposedtodailydoses of
ethambutol (1 mg/ml for one hour) up to
26 days.Only group 2 and 3 animalswere
rd
given intravitreal injections of 1 µl of a intervention in the patients developing
solutionof20µgmemantine ocular toxicity during antitubercular
(MEM)/mland1µlof a solution of 10 µg therapy (ATT).
trimetazidine (TMZ) /ml respectively on
10, 15, 20 and Keywords: Ethambutol, Retinal toxicity,
th
Optomotor response, Trimetazidine,
25 day.Afterdrugexposure,animalswereall
Memantine, Goldfish.
owed to the OMR setup and fish pattern
velocity wasrecorded(on11,16,21st
th FP-PH-079
and26 day)at 5 rpm in different light
condition (Blue, Green and Red). All Study of Antibiotic Prescription
intravitreal injections were performed by
Pattern and Drug Utilization inthe
using 31-gauge needle attached to a
Department Of Paediatrics at Tertiary
Hamilton syringe under the methane
Care Hospital,Navi Mumbai
sulphonate (150 mg/L)
anesthesiacondition.
Dr.Vivek Bamel, Dr.Savita Shahani
Results: After chronic exposure (1 hr in
Department of Pharmacology, MGM
bathing solution/day) of ethambutol at the
Medical College, Navi Mumbai.
dose of 1 mg/ml fishes showed a
statistically significant decrease in the
Background: Infectious disease represent
percentage relative frequency (PRF) at
th a major cause of mortality and morbidity
7 day as compared to their baseline in India, particularly in children. Lack of
values on day 0. Significant decrease in uniformity in prescribing and irrationals
PRF was observed with the green (550 use of antibiotics cause emergence of
nm, p=0.002)andredcolor(605nm, antibiotic resistance and overall rise in
p=0.001) health care cost.
andthiseffectpersistedupto21stday. After
the induction of ocular toxicity as Aim & Objective: To observe drug
evidenced by a significant decrease in utilization pattern emphasizing more on
PRFon day 7, both memantine and antibiotics prescription pattern in
trimetazidine pediatrics wards and the ICU cases
showedvaryingdegreesofprotectionon the
16th Methodology: Study was conducted
daysaftertheirintravitrealadministrationon after obtaining approval from IEC and
day 10and 15. informed consent from legal guardian.
Demographic data, diagnosis and
Conclusion: treatment were recorded in CRF.
Chronicadministrationofethambutolatthe Participants were followed up till
dose of 1 mg/ml/day for the period of one discharge.
hour caused significant decrease in PRF-
OMR in red and green color. Intravitreal Results:200 participants were enrolled
administration of trimetazidineand from wards, PICU & NICU. In Ward third
memantine offered significant generation cephalosporin were the most
protectionin the PRF-OMR, indicating the common prescribed drugs (30-60%) which
possibility of their use as a therapeutic was followed by aminopenicillin and
rd
aminoglycoside. In NICU minimum use of treatment in the management of corneal
third generation cephalosporin was infections.
observed while more of ESBL and
Carbepenem either alone or in Objective: This study evaluated suitability
of TransReConTM aided dispensing of
combination with Aminoglycoside were
piperacillin with tazobactam (PT) in
prescribed. Pattern of antibiotic selection healthy volunteers.
was similar to the ward. Duration of
treatment and number of antimicrobial Method: Sterile powder of PT equivalent
prescribed were more in ICU areas to 50mg of piperacillin with 6.25mg of
compare to the ward, commonly tazobactam and sterile water for injection
prescribed miscellaneous drugs were were dispensed in separate sterile
polyethylene eye droppers and were
bronchodilator and steroid for Respiratory
sealed. TransReCon technique was used
disorders .Antiepileptic and diuretic for for their sterile reconstitution to reach the
CNS disorders. Inotropic agents, concentration of 10 & 1.25% for
antihypertensive and diuretics for piperacillin and tazobactam respectively.
cardiovascular disorder. Rehydrating Effect of light and temperature was
fluids, antispasmodic, zinc and probiotic studied on the drug stability in the
for gastrointestinal tract disorders.InNICU reconstituted solution. Tear residence
time of PT was evaluated after instilling
caffeine was used for respiratory disorder.
single and multiple doses (5 times
instillations of PT in 1 or 2 hours intervals)
Conclusion:we conclude that commonly in the lower fornix of healthy volunteers.
prescribed drugs were third generation Tear concentration of PT was assessed by
cephalosporin and from amino penicillin in using LC-MS/MS at various time intervals.
wards and PICU, whereas in NICU
carbepenem andureidopenicillin were Result: The results showed that the
more used drugs. solution is stable up to 3 days (above 90%)
in room temperature where light showed
no additional effect. Whereas storing it at
Key words:Antibiotic prescriptions, 4-6 Deg C increased the stability upto 12
paediatricwards NICU, PICU days. Topically instilled single dose kinetics
showed the tear-film half-life as 0.5hrs for
FP-PH-080 both P & T. Repeated instillations
increased tear levels by 8 times reaching
50µg/ml which is in the range of MIC90 of
Drugs in Ocular Emergencies:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
TransReConTM aided Topical Therapy
of Piperacillin with Tazobactam Conclusion: This pilot study successfully
showed the utility of TransReCon
VelpandianThirumurthy technology for unstable drugs. This sterile,
user friendly drug reconstitution device is
Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy expected to have a potential utility in
ophthalmic emergency situations.
Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for
*TransReCon technique is the patent of
Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of AIIMS
Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029,
Keywords:TransReConTM; Ocular
Background: Development of resistant to emergency; LC-MS/MS; Piperacillin;
antimicrobial agents warrant the need of Tazobactam
newer agents while initiating empirical
rd
MISCELLANEOUS conducted open-ended sessions with
feedback from neutral observers. Topics,
FP-MISC-081 contents and methods were predefined to
maintain uniformity. Student’s feedback
Integrating Ethics into the Physiology was obtained through semi-structured
questionnaire.
Curriculum: A Multi-Centric Study in South
India
Results: The students felt that the
program was relevant (92-98%), effectively
Savitha D1, Geetha S2, Suma Bhaskar3,
integrated (85-98%) into the course and
Taniya Anto1, Sejil TV1, Vineetha Vittal2,
seldom interfered with physiology
Prashanth Kumar M3
teaching (60-66%). They expressed that
1 the program created awareness, prepared
Department of Physiology,St John’s them for profession and felt the need to
Medical College,Bengaluru,
continue for future years.
Karnataka.2Department of Physiology, Sri
DevarajUrs Medical College, Tamaka,
3 Conclusion: Scale-up study of integrating
Kolar, Karnataka. Department of
ethics program into Physiology course was
Physiology,RajaRajeswari Medical
found to be relevant and beneficial by
College,Kambipura, Mysuru Road,
students and neutral observers across
Bengaluru, Karnataka.
three medical colleges. Students
expressed the need of discussion of ethical
Background: Integration of ethics into
issues that evolved through physiology
Physiology curriculum–“Thinking ethics”
course.
was implemented at St John’s Medical
College as a novel, pilot program for I
Keywords: integrated ethics, Physiology,
MBBS students of 2015-16 batch. Intent
relevant, awareness, beneficial
was to provide ‘lived-in’ experience of
application of ethics in medicine. It was
largely welcomed by students as indicated
FP-MISC-082
in their feedback.
Lipid profile, Thyroid profile and
Objective: To assess the relevance and Eating behavior in Pre-hypertensive
benefits of incorporating ethics into women
Physiology curriculum as perceived by the
students across three colleges - a scale-up Soumya Mishra1, Kumar Sai Sailesh2,
study. Archana R3,Srilatha Bashetti3, Minu
Johny4, Mukkadan J K5
Methods: First year MBBS students of St
1
John’s Medical college (SJMC), Sri Department of Physiology, Kalinga
DevarajUrs Medical College (SDUMC) and Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT
RajaRajeswari Medical College (RRMC) University, Bhubaneswar, India,
2
(N=449. SJMC=149; 59M, 90F; Department of Physiology, DM Wayanad
SDUMC=150; 78M, 72F; RRMC=150; 48M, Institute of Medical Sciences (DMWIMS),
102F) were exposed to 7 sessions of Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad,
integrated ethics program during routine Kerala, India. 3Department of Physiology,
Physiology course. Triggers related to the Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha
day’s theory or practicals like University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil
confidentiality, informed consent, etc Nadu, India.3Department of Biochemistry,
were included. The faculty who Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and
volunteered from each institution Research, Hyderabad, Telangana,
rd
India.4Department of Physiology, Little when compared with healthy controls. We
Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and recommend further detailed studies in this
Research (LIMSAR), Angamaly, Kerala, area to understand the underlying
India.5Department of physiology, Little mechanisms.
Flower Medical Research Centre (LFMRC),
Angamaly, Kerala, India. Keywords: Pre-hypertension, Lipid profile,
thyroid profile, women.
Background: Hypertension is a common
health problem in developed countries. FP-MISC-083
Individuals with systolic blood pressure
between 120 and 139 mmHg or diastolic Cognizance of Applied Clinical
blood pressure between 80 and 89 mmHg Physiology Principles among Interns in
are categorized as pre-hypertensive. This
a Southern Teaching Tertiary Care
group is at high risk for developing
Medical Institution: A Cross-Sectional
essential hypertension and cardiovascular
diseases. Prevalence of pre-hypertension Survey
was found higher in females.
Mythili Bai K1,Madhavrao C2
Objectives: To observe lipid profile, 1
thyroid profile and eating behavior in Pre- Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physiology,
2
hypertensive women. Associate Professor, Dept. of
Pharmacology, AIMSR, Kerala [India]
Materials & methods:Thirty cases of pre-
hypertensive women between the age of Background: Physiology is one of the basic
25-50 years and thirty age matched non preclinical subject which is taught in first
pre-hypertensive were included in the year medical academic curriculum as
study after obtaining written informed regulated by the Medical Council of India
consent. Thyroid profile, Total Cholesterol, [MCI]. Knowledge of basic sciences in
Triglycerides, High density lipoprotein and
medical field is important in clinical
Low density lipoprotein were estimated by
practice to deliver the better medical
standard methods. Eating behavior was
assessed by using eating attitude test-26 health care. Basic preclinical subjects form
(EAT-26). Data was analyzed by using SPSS the sound foundation to become a good
20.0. Student t test was applied to observe clinician. Hence it has been planned to
the significance of difference. P<0.05 was study the cognizance of applied clinical
considered significant. physiology principles among interns in a
southern teaching tertiary care medical
Results: Significantly lower levels institution.
(P<0.001) of High density lipoprotein,
significantly higher (P<0.001) Low density Objectives: To study the cognizance of
lipoprotein, very Low density lipoproteins,
applied clinical physiology principles
triglycerides, total cholesterol were
among interns in a southern teaching
observed in pre-hypertensive women
when compared with healthy controls. tertiary care medical institution
Thyroid profile and EAT-26 was not
significantly different between control and Materials & Methods:An observational
pre-hypertensive women. study was done at Southern teaching
tertiary care medical institution. This study
was conducted using prevalidated
Conclusion: High lipid profile was
questionnaire survey consisting of open
observed in pre-hypertensive women
ended questions on seventy two medical
rd
interns who formed the study population. further has adverse outcomes. This is
Study participants were asked to mark the especially true for senile cataract, which
questionnaire forms completely and which leaves the person disabled for length of
were finally subjected for analysis and time as it requires surgical procedure to
were represented as percentage. ICMR correct.
human bioethics principles were adhered
throughout the conduct of the study. Objectives:To study demographic and
socio-economic profile, of patients
Results:It was noted that, only less than referred from periphery for their ocular
half of the study participants were able to complaints. To study the correlation of
mark the correct responses to all the demographic and socio-economic
questions describing the different domains background on pre and post-surgical
of applied clinical Physiology principles. vision.
Interestingly it was also noted that, 87.5%
of study participants opined as ‘Physiology Method: Descriptive cross sectional study
is a important basic medical science which was planned to study the patients referred
helps in better understanding the to SGH from periphery for visual status
concepts in various medical disciplines’. and family’s socio-economic status. Other
Majority of the study participants [81.94%] demographics including age, sex and
willing to undergo various educational occupation are also studied. The final
learning strategies for improving their diagnosis, type of surgery, pre-operative
knowledge in applied clinical Physiological and post-operative vision and prognosis of
concepts through continued medical patients are studied. Correlation between
education, lecture series and integrated demographics and vision was done.
modular teachings.
Results:Age 65.84 years (16-95years).
Conclusion:This study concluded that, Males(51%) females(49%). Socio-economic
there was a poor knowledge but with profile:-poor”(67%), “below-poverty-
positive attitude towards the applied line”(20%) and lower-middle(11%) upper-
clinical Physiology principles among middle(1%). Pre-operative visual acuity:-
interns in a southern teaching tertiary care below 6/60(88%), 6/60 or better(12%).
medical institution. Total 252 eyes operated (242 for cataract)
other procedures were:-Chalazion
Keywords:Physiology, Medical, Interns, extraction, Dacrocystostomy, drainage of
Applied Clinical Principles, Basic Science abscess, Keratoplasty, pterygium
extraction. Post-operative vision:-below
FP-MISC-084 6/60(20%), 6/60 or better(80%).
Relationship between Socio-Economic Conclusion:Senile cataract was most

Status and Vision of Beneficiaries of prominent cause of blindness. Majority of
patients were farmers, working or retired.
the Fixed Facility under National
Improvement of vision was seen following
Program for Control of Blindness intervention. Post-operative vision may
require further correction which can only
Shah ZA, Pathan S be confirmed 15 days post-operatively.
People come mainly from poor and very-
B.J. Medical College andSasoon General poor socio-economic background. On
Hospital, Pune. comparing pre-operative vision, it was
found that, lower socio-economic status
Background:Blindness is major disabling showed poorer vision. Further studies
condition. Though majority of blindness is needs to be conducted to include vision
treatable, many people avoid or choose to after longer post-operative period.
postpone seeking the treatment which
rd
Keywords:blindness, socio-economic group) and further sub group analysis was
status, cataract, vision done.
FP-MISC-085 Results: Using One-way ANOVA, we found

statistically significant difference (p<0.05)
Cardiac Autonomic Functions and in frequency domain indices such as LF,
Disease Activity in the Patients of HF, LFnu, HFnu, TP and LF: HF ratio
between the groups and statistically
Rheumatoid Arthritis
significant correlation was found for
frequency domain indices with disease
Selvakumar G1, Girwar Singh Gaur1, Vir
activity. However, no significant difference
Singh Negi2, Vivek Kumar Sharma1
was found in the time domain indices such
1 as RMSSD and SDNN between the groups,
Department of Physiology, JIPMER, however we found the pattern of decrease
Puducherry, India; 2Department of in the values of RMSSD and SDNN as the
Immunology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India. disease activity increases. Our study
showed, no statistically significant
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is difference in AFT parameters such as
an autoimmune disease which alters 30:15 ratio, E:I ratio, ∆DBP between the
autonomic nervous system and cause groups.
increased cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. However cardiac involvement in Conclusion: It may be concluded that
RA is underdiagnosed because many of the sympathovagal imbalance is found in the
manifestations like myocarditis, coronary patients of rheumatoid arthritis and
artery disease may be subclinical at the sympathetic dominance is positively
time of presentation. Cardiac autonomic correlated with disease activity in these
function testing is a non-invasive method patients.
of detecting early autonomic impairment
of heart.
Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction,
cardiovascular risk, Heart rate variability,
Objectives: In this study, we attempted to Disease Activity scale 28, Rheumatoid
assess the cardiac autonomic function and arthritis.
disease activity and to identify their
association among rheumatoid arthritis
patients.
Material & Methods:It’s a part of ongoing

randomized control trial done on (n=74)
newly diagnosed RA patients attending
outpatient Department of Clinical
Immunology, JIPMER. Anthropometric
parameters (Body mass index, Waist
circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-
height ratio) were obtained. Autonomic
function tests such as short term heart
rate variability, heart rate variability
during deep breathing, heart rate & blood
pressure response to standing, and
isometric-handgrip were also recorded.
Using disease activity scale 28, we have
divided the patients into three sub groups
(low, moderate, high disease activity
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Research Papers : Poster Presentation Abstracts
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FPP-NP-2
FPP-NP-1 A Study of F Waves in Young Healthy

Individuals.
Correlation of Blood Pressure and
Pain Sensitivity in Healthy Subedi P, Limbu N, Thakur D, Khadka R
Normotensive Adults
Department of Basic and Clinical
Dr.Priya S.A, Dr.Neelam D, Dr. Savithri S. Physiology, B.P Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
JSS Medical College, AConstituent college
of JSS University,Mysuru,Karnataka Background: The F wave is a CMAP
(compound muscle action potential)
Background: Many literatures have stated evoked by a supramaximal stimulation of a
Hypertension induced hypoalgesia in motor nerve. F waves are particularly
patients with musculoskeletal complaints. useful for the diagnoses of
Hence we intend to see the relationship polyneuropathies at a very early stage and
between pain sensitivity and blood proximal nerve lesions. F waves may be
pressure in normotensives quite prolonged in AIDP (Acute
Inflammatory Demyelinating
Objectives: The study aims to measure the Polyneuropathy) while in CIDP (Chronic
duration of pain onset and correlate the Inflammatory Demyelinating
pain sensitivity with blood pressure in Polyneuropathy) may be absent.
normotensive adults.
Objectives: To study F waves in normal
Material and methods: 40 adult healthy individuals to establish normative
normotensive males were subjected to data and to study the effect of
cold pressor test (70c± 50c).Pain onset was anthropometric parameters on it.
assessed using visual analogue scale and
correlated with blood pressure. Material and methods: Healthy males
(n=64) and females (n=26) medical
Results: Acute pain induced by cold students of BPKIHS were enrolled in the
pressor test showed a significant positive study as per inclusion criteria.
correlation between pain onset and blood Anthropometric parameters and F waves
pressure(r=0.373.p<0.01) of bilateral median, ulnar and tibial nerves
were recorded in Neurophysiology Lab II
Conclusion: The above findings suggest of BPKIHS. Maximum and minimum F
blood pressure induced hypoalgesia wave latencies, F persistence and
indicating the association between chronodispersion were recorded. The
baroreflex sensitivity and pain modulation mean and S.D were derived from
in normotensives. anthropometric and F wave parameters
while Pearson correlation was applied
Keywords: pain sensitivity, blood pressure, between anthropometric and F wave
normotensive, cold pressor test, visual parameters.
analogue scale, hypoalgesia.
rd
Results: Height and weight showed effects of ageing on cognition
significant effect on F wave latencies using audio -visual reaction time
(p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively) while and compared amongst different
age and gender did not show any age groups.
significant relation to F wave parameters.
F persistence was above 80% for all Objectives: To study and compare
nerves. cognition using simple and cho ice
audio-visual reaction time in
Conclusion: Height and weight showed a different age groups.
significant relationship with the F wave
latencies of the tested peripheral nerves. Materials & Methods : Total
These factors must be taken into Sample size consists o f 120(n=120)
consideration in the evaluation of subjects in age group of 21 -60
patients. years according to inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Reaction Time
Key words: anthropometric, apparatus (RTM -608) was used for
chronodispersion, F wave, persistence measuring simple & choice
auditory & visual reacti on time and
FPP-NP-3 was compared between 21 -30, 31-
40, 41-50 & 51-60 years age groups
Effect of Ageing on Cognition Using consisting of 30 subjects each.
Audio-Visual Reaction Time.
Results: One way Analysis Of
Dr. Sanjivani S. Jadhav, Variance (ANOVA) Ho lm -Sidak test
was used to assess statistical
Department of Physiology, SDM College of significance. There were
Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, statistically significant di fferences
Karnataka, India. across all age groups; and as age
advances simple & choice auditory
Background: As the proportion of & visual reaction time increases
older people in modern societies gradually(p value= 0 .000).
increases, there has been a greater
emphasis on understanding the Conclusion:Our results show that
changes associated with ageing, cognition reduces as age advances.
especially cognitiv e ageing. The practical implication of this
Reaction time (RT) is time interval finding is that elderly people need
between applicatio n of stimulus to be more cautious during general
and appearance of voluntary movements; as they are unable to
response which indicates react quickly in an unforeseen
efficiency of central nervous emergency.
system.As it involves speed and
accuracy, it can evaluate Keywords: Ageing, Reaction time,
attention, concentration and Cognition, Stimulus, Response.
cognitive skills; with well proven
diagnostic and predictive va lidity.
So, in present study we assessed
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FPP-NP-4 Conclusion: In our study there is no
evidence of cochleo-vestibular lesion
A Study of Ear Phone Influence on caused by ear phone.
Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential
in Medical Students Keywords: Ear phone, Brain stem auditory
evoked potential.
Sumitra sudharkodhy S, Vadivel S,
Lalithamma A, Uma maheswari K FPP-NP-5
Department of Physiology, Karpaga Comparative Study of Executive

Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences & Cognition in Deaf and Normal Hearing
Research Centre, Chinna Kolambakkam, School Going Subjects between the
Kanchipuram- 603308. Ages of 8 to 18 Years
Background: Over a period of just a few Manjusha N. Kawale, D.N.Shenvi, Suchita

years, mobile phones have produced a Shinde
revolution, involving not only
communication systems and the Background: As it is very challenging to
technological sphere, but also the whole survive for normal human being in today's
social and environmental domains. Now a life for making his earning,we can imagine
days the younger generation increased to how difficult it would be for a physically
use portable equipment like earphones for challenged individuals.But if we study the
communication and to listen music. The literature we get to know that if one sense
use of earphones, in a short or long term, is deficient, the power other sense is
bring irreversible damage to the auditory enriched. As in deaf,the visual area of
system. brain is more developed and widened as
compared to normal hearing subjects.
Objective: To compare the brainstem
auditory evoked potentials between study Objectives: To study the executive
groups. cognitive function by comparison of
Materials and Methods: After obtaining 1) Eriksen Flanker Test (EFT) - Response
institutional ethical committee clearance, Time
60 subjects, aged between 18 and 22
years, from institutional campus using ear 2) EFT - Accuracy
phones were selected for this study. 30
subjects who used ear phones for < Materials and methods: The study
2hours/day formed the control group, population of 8 to 18 years of age and sex
while 30 subjects who used their mobile matched school going children. Group A
phones for >2 hours /day formed the test were 20 deaf students, Group B were
group. Brain stem auditory evoked normal hearing 20 students under the
potential was done on all the criteria of inclusion and exclusion.
subjects.Comparison of hearing between Informed written consent and assent was
the groups were done by Chi-square test.P taken. The ability of attentiveness is
value < 0.05 was considered significant. assessed by noninvasive computer based
standardized test named Eriksen flanker
Result: No significant difference (p>0.05) test by using software cognitivefun.in.
was found in latencies and interpeak
latencies of brain stem auditory evoked
potential waves between study group.
rd
Statistical analysis was done by using affected, there is delay in conduction of
GraphPad Prism 7 online software by impulses resulting in abnormal VEP.
Unpaired Student-t test.
Objectives: To compare the VEP of newly
Results : Comparison of response time and diagnosed hypothyroid patients with
accuracy was highly significant (p< 0.001 ) healthy controls & to find its correlation
between the groups which was suggesting with TSH levels.
that deaf children showed markedly faster
response in execution of task as well as Material and methods: VEP was measured
are more accurate in the Eriksen Flanker using RMS EMG EP MK2 machine in 30
test as compared to normal hearing patients (Serum TSH ≥ 10 ml IU/L)
children. between 18-50 years of age along with 30
aged matched healthy controls.
Conclusions: The purpose of this study is
to observe whether executing a target task Results: The mean age (± SD) of the
in deaf children in respect to vision is patients was 31.8 (± 8.3) years. There was
superior to that of in normal hearing prolongation of VEP latencies more
children. When flankers were presented, it significant for P100 (msec) wave form
was seen that deaf children gave more (p<0.001). significant positive correlation
correct answers than the hearing children. was found between P100, N75 latency &
These findings suggest that deaf serum TSH levels.
individuals may allocate their visual
resources over a wider range than those Conclusion: VEP is a useful, non-invasive &
with normal hearing. It may represent an sensitive method to detect subtle early
alternative pathway for information changes in the CNS & to access the
transfer between different sensory and/or response to treatment.
motor cortical areas. The learning may
allow a faster transfer and even an Keywords: visual evoked potential,
integration of information across hypothyroid, TSH
modalities.
FPP-NP-7
Keywords: execution, cognition
Effect of Caffeine on Cognition in
FPP-NP-6 Young Adults
Visual Evoked Potential as a Tool for Sanaul Mustafa Ansari, Amita Kumari
Early Diagnosis of Neurological
Dysfunction in Hypothyroidism. Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi
Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna.
Dr. Geetanjali Sharma
Aim: To study the effect of caffeine on
Department of Physiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Memory in younger population.
PGIMS, University of Health Sciences,
Rohtak, Haryana Background: Caffeine has been found to
enhance mental performance, mood,
Background: Hypothyroidism affects the vigilance and cognition. Few studies have
CNS through its role in gene expression, examined the effects of caffeine on
myelin production, axonal transportation cognition on healthy individuals.
& neurotransmitters. As the myelination is
rd
Objectives The purpose of this study I. Joshi 1, B. Mattoo1, S. Tanwar 1, V. K.
was to investigate the possible effect of Mohan 2, R. Bhatia1
caffeine on cognitive neural function
primarily memory in healthy human Department of Physiology1, Department of
volunteers. Anaesthesiology 2, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029
Material and Method: The study was
conducted on MBBS student in the age Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a
group 17-22 years at IGIMS, Patna. A neuropathic facial pain disorder affecting
double blind, counter-balanced, placebo the fifth cranial nerve, characterized by
controlled, crossover was used. Each recurrent unilateral brief electric shock like
participant was tested under two pains, triggered by innocuous stimuli like
different drug conditions [placebo and eating or shaving the face. Poorly
caffeine (250mg)] separated by a seven- understood pathophysiology makes its
day ‘wash-out’ period. The doses treatment a challenging task. A deficit in
selected were based on previous the descending pain modulation
research that found significant (endogenous) could contribute to the pain
behavioral effects at this dose, but being of TN.
low enough to minimize the possibility of
side-effects, such as nausea, which Objectives:The main objective of the
could confound the results. Verbal, visual present study was to test the integrity of
and working memories were assessed with endogenous pain modulation and status of
Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test DNIC in trigeminal neuralgia by comparing
(RAVLT), Rey’s complex figure test (CFT) them with healthy controls.
and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) –
spatial span. Methods:Ten TN patients and 10 healthy
controls were recruited. To study
Result: Ingestion of caffeine improved endogenous pain modulation paradigm of
significantly in RAVLT: Total score, conditioned pain modulation was used.
average, immediate recall and delayed The ‘test’ stimulus (hot stimuli, by
recall; CFT: delayed recall; spatial span - thermode) was given on the area supplied
forward and backward when compared by TN nerve (most affected branch). Cold
with control group. pressor test (CPT) as a ‘conditioning’
stimulus was then conducted by
Conclusion: We reached to a conclusion immersion of contralateral foot in a water
that ingestion of caffeine may have bath maintained at 5ֺ˚C for 90 seconds at
beneficial effect on memory. the most. Hot pain threshold were
recorded at the facial site before and after
Keyword: Caffeine, Memory, condition test stimuli. Pain rating
Neuropsychological test (Numerical pain rating scale) of the subject
were recorded) before and after CPT.
FPP-NP-8
Results:In patients, the hot pain threshold
Conditioned Pain Modulation as aTool was higher than the healthy controls (TN
to Study Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory patients= 38.50± 2.77; HC= 36.82 ± 1.46;
p=0.108).After CPT, TN patients (TN
Controls (DNIC) in Trigeminal
patients=39.75±3.5; HC=39.0±2.0) did not
Neuralgia Patients. show any significant reduction in pain
rd
(p=0.16) for hot pain thresholds but in any music, while the study group listened
healthy controls a significant difference to instrumental music (Mozart). The mean
was observed (p=.001). scores of each group were calculated and
compared.
Conclusion: TN patients have a reduced
DNIC when compared to healthy controls Results: The mean score of the control
which is suggestive that a deficit of DNIC group were slightly higher than that of the
system may contribute to the pain study group. On statistical analysis, the
experienced by patients. difference was found to be insignificant.
Keywords: Trigeminal Neuralgia, Conclusion: Listening to instrumental

conditioned pain modulation, DNIC, hot music does not have any significant effect
pain threshold, Cold pressor test. on the concentrating ability of students.
FPP-NP-9 Keywords: concentration, instrumental

music, Mozart, stroop test, color words.
Effect of Instrumental Music on the
Concentrating Ability of Students FPP-NP-10
Dr.S.V.Krishnam Raju,Dr.Ch.N.Rajkumari Acute Predator Stress Affects Short

Term Memory in A Zebrafish Model
Upgraded Dept. of Physiology, Osmania
Medical College, Hyderabad. Latha Ramalingam1, Vijay Madhaiyan1,
B.N.Rao2
Background: Music is ubiquitous. It has
1
become quite common for students to Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and
listen to music while studying. Now, some Research Institute, Kanchipuram, 2AIIMS,
may say that this is distracting. But some Bhuvaneshwar.
say that music helps in concentrating.
Background: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is the
Objectives: To demonstrate the effect of new emerging model for human diseases.
instrumental music on the concentrating 70% of the genome of zebrafish matches
ability of students and to determine with human genome. Adult zebrafish and
whether instrumental music has a larvae forms are being used in
beneficial role in the same. neurobehavioral studies. Many of the
details of the underlying mechanisms of
Materials and Methods: Institutional learning and memory are yet to be
ethics committee approval was obtained. established. The stress system in zebrafish
136 MBBS students volunteered for the is represented by the hypothalamus–
study and they were categorized randomly pituitary– interrenal (HPI) axis, similar to
into 2 groups (control group - 70 & study human HPA axis. Like humans, zebrafish
group - 66). Students with color blindness form spatial memories and its cholinergic
and far-sightedness were excluded from system is involved in learning and
the study. The students in both the groups memory.
were asked to perform STROOP TEST (The
subject is given color words which are Objectives:
printed in an incongruent ink color. The
subject is asked to report the ink color) for 1. To model learning and memory in
a duration of 1 minute. While performing zebrafish using predatorstress
the test, the control group did not listen to 2. Toevaluatetheinfluenceofpredatorstre
rd
ssonlearningandmemoryinzebrafish health and work performance of a person.
However, research on mechanisms
Materials and methods: 12 adult underlying the link between EI and
zebrafishes were randomly divided into 2 psychosocial health is still premature.
groups (6 in each): Control group and
Stress group. All were subjected to color Objectives: Present study was conducted
cued plus maze test for 6 days for to examine the impact of socio-
establishing memory to find the food in demographic status and emotional
the red arm. Then test group fishes were intelligence EI on psychological health of
subjected to predator stress and then the medical students and, to isolate significant
test is repeated again the same day and predictors for the same, using a
day 14 to check for short term (STM) and hierarchical multiple regression approach.
long term memory (LTM) respectively. The
data were analyzed using SPSS by Methods: 132 medical students (76
repeated measures of ANOVA. males;56 females) participated in cross-
sectional, questionnaire-based study.
Results: Stress group fishes showed Hierarchical regression analysis was
significant prolongation in STM (p=0.003), performed with three sets of independent
whereas LTM seems to be unaffected variables (socio-economic, education-
(p=0.985). Control group fishes showed no related, EI) against one dependent
significant changes in both. variable (psychological health). Socio-
economic, education-related and EI data
Conclusion:STM was affected due to acute were entered at steps 1,2 and 3
stress, whereas LTM did not have any respectively.
profound effects. Thus, this zebrafish
model worked out to study the learning Results: Model 1 with six predictors (age,
and memory, which gives further scope to gender, student’s residence, hometown,
evaluate the mechanisms underlying parental education, income) was not
memory. significant (p>0.05), accounting for only
5% variance. Model 2, with nine
Keywords: Zebrafish, short term memory, predictors (Model 1 predictors + study
long term memory, predator stress, plus medium, career choice, number of
maze. attempts), was an improvement over the
previous model, with R=0.400,▲R2=0.107,
FPP-NP-11 ▲F(3,122)=5.205, p=0.002,accounting for
10% variance. Model 3, with ten predictors
A Hierarchical Regression Modeling on (Model 1&2+EI), escalated the R value to
Predictors of Psychological Health in 0.634, with ▲R2=0.242,
▲F(1,121)=48.967, p<0.001, accounting
Medical Students.
for 24% variance. Significant predictor
variables extracted from three models
Preeti Jain1, Rashmi Mahuar1, Peeyush
were, constant(p<0.001), study medium,
Jain2, Ajay kumar Jain1
career choice, number of
1 attempts(p<0.05) and EI(p<0.001). Thus, a
Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad
linear combination of these variables was
Medical College, New Delhi, 2Hindu Rao
the best fitting model for predicting
Hospital & Associated NDMC Medical
psychological health of medical students.
College, New Delhi
Conclusion: The results indicate that
Background: Emotional intelligence (EI)
psychological health of medical students is
has a potential to improve psychological
rd
dependent on their emotional intelligence injury were assessed for H reflex and F
as well as education related factors. wave. The results were analyzed by graph
Enhancing EI through training may prove pad software using unpaired T test.
beneficial in fostering better mental health
in them. Result: The F wave showed consistent and
significant change in radial nerve in
Keywords: Emotional intelligence, affected limb as compared to non-affected
hierarchical regression, medical limb. The H reflex was absent in the
students,psychological health, socio- affected limb or reduced in amplitude and
demographic. M latency.
FPP-NP-12 Conclusion: H reflex is a better parameter

to quantify the severity of lesion. F wave
Diagnosis of Brachial Plexus Injury: H parameters were not much consistent but
Reflex Vs F Wave. in radial nerve they showed some
consistency. H reflex can be used in
Dr. Ashish Arvind, Dr. Sushma Sood. diagnosis of acute brachial plexus injury
and measurement of its extent.
Dept of Physiology, NC Medical College &
Hospital, Israna, Haryana. Key words: Brachial plexus injury, H reflex,
F wave.
Background: Brachial plexus injury is
usually traumatic injury requiring urgent FPP-NP-13
surgical attention if associated with open
wound. The diagnosis and extent of lesion Exploring Strategies to Enhance Novel
is mostly not significant for attending Object Recognition Memory in Middle
trauma surgeon. Surgical closure of wound Aged Mice
without proper brachial plexus integrity
assessment may leave the patient Shreevatsa Bhat M1, Anandh D2, Kiranmai S
incapacitated for entire life. So quick non- Rai1
invasive assessment of brachial plexus
injury is essential for timed intervention to 1
Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal
limit the handicap of patient. Hoffman Medical College, Manipal University, India
reflex and F wave are both good indicators
of nerve integrity. Both these tests do not 2
Department of Regenerative Medicine,
require access to the actual wound site i.e. School of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru,
near the brachial plexus region and hence Manipal University, India
can serve as a diagnostic test even in acute
settings. Background: Middle age is often
characterized by decline in working
Objectives: This study aimed at studying memory due to several factors like stress,
the possibility of Diagnosing the acute social isolation, decreased physical activity
brachial plexus lesion by H reflex and F or poor nutritional quality. The benefits of
wave. exercise, environmental enrichment and
dietary supplementation on mental health
Material & Method: The assessment of are well documented. However, there are
reflex arc is better done by H reflex no studies elucidating the effects of
whereas integrity at spinal level is better supplementation of essential brain
judged by F wave. Thirty patients of either nutrients like choline and
sex with chronic traumatic brachial plexus docosahexaenoic acid (Ch-DHA) or
rd
environmental enrichment on age Department of physiology,Chennai
associated decline in working memory. Medical College Hospital & Research
Centre Irungalur, Trichy.
Objective: To compare the effects of Ch-
DHA supplementation or enriched Background: Shift work have increased in
environment in enhancing novel object every field as to provide round the clock
recognition memory in middle aged mice. service. As staff nurses in health sector are
worst affected with this rotation and
Material and methods: 12 to 15 month prolonged duty hours and are in
old CF1 male mice were grouped into continuous stressful situation in
normal control (NC) which remained emergency and surgical care in order to
undisturbed, enriched environment group save lives .it needs to be addressed for the
(EE) exposed to enriched environment wellbeing of their personal health status.
and, Ch-DHA group fed with choline 45mg
and DHA 300mg/kg body weight for 30 Objective: To study the prevalence of
days (n=6/group). All groups of mice were insomnia, excessive sleepiness, anxiety
tested for novel and familiar object and depression (neuropsychological
recognition. Data were analyzed by one problems) among nurses doing shift
way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc duties.
test and a value of P<0.05 was considered
statistically significant. Materials and Methods: An
observationalstudy was conducted with
Results: Ch-DHA supplemented group of approval of IRB on staff nurses working in
mice had significantly higher preference shift duties in a tertiary care CMCH&RC,
(p<0.05) for novel objects as compared to irungalur Trichy with written consent. This
NC and EE groups of mice. Alternately, EE study includes a sample size of 127 female
group of mice made significantly more nurses with 1 to 2 years of exposure to
number of visits to familiar object (p<0.05) shift duties between age group of 20 to 26
as compared to NC and Ch-DHA groups of years without any history of
mice. neuropsychological problems. Participants
were given Bergen insomnia scale to rule
Conclusion: Ch-DHA supplementation or out sleeplessness, Epworth sleepiness
environmental enrichment may be useful scale to rule out excessive day time
to enhance novel object recognition sleepiness, Hospital anxiety and
memory during middle age in mice. depression scale to rule out anxiety and
depression were filled up by them and
Key words: choline, DHA, enriched collected. The scores were analyzed using
environment, novel object recognition descriptivestatistics with SPSS software
memory. version 23.
FPP-NP-14 Result: The mean age of 127 nurses was

23.51 years. According to Bergen insomnia
A Study of Neuropsychological scale 87 (68.5%) nurses were found to
Problems among Shift Duty Nurses have sleep problems, Epworth sleepiness
from a Tertiary Care Hospital in scale 79 (62.2%) nurses were found to
Trichy. have excessive day time sleepiness,
Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale 42
Dr. K G Karthickeyan,Dr.Muhil,Dr.Nachal (33.1%) nurses were found to have anxiety
annamalai and depression.
rd
Conclusion: Shift duties increase the 1 year were included. Students whose
incidence of insomnia in nurses which in headaches were associated with diseases
turn leads to excessive daytime sleepiness, like hypertension, refractive errors or head
anxiety and depression. To overcome this injuries were excluded.
they should be given proper counseling
and shift duties should be in clockwise Results: 366 undergraduate medical
rotational basis. students participated in the study. 156
(43%) were males.
Keywords: staff nurse neuropsychological
problems shift duties. 219 (62%) reported headache. Of these,
110 (50%) were recognized as migraineurs.
FPP-NP-15 69 (63%) of the migraineurs were females.
Prevalence of Migraine in Family history of migraine was seen in 54

Undergraduate Medical Students of A (49%).
South Indian Medical College – A
42 (38%) migraineurs had headaches
Cross Sectional Study
lasting for more than 4 hours.
Geetha.S, Ms.Sowmi Raju
Most common triggering factor was
emotional stress or anxiety reported by 10
Department of Physiology, Sri Devaraj Urs
(9%) migraineurs.
Medical College, Kolar
Of the 71 (65%) migraineurs who used

Background: Headaches are common
medicines for relief, 44 (62%) used
among medical students and migraine is
prescription medicines.
one of its common etiologies. Detection
and treatment of migraine is important as
Conclusion: Prevalence of migraine among
it affects quality of life and academic
the undergraduate medical students was
performance of medical students. There is
higher compared to the studies conducted
scant data of its prevalence among Indian
in Kuwait, United States and other studies
undergraduate medical students.
in India.Stress, exposure to sun, and hair
wash were the most common triggers.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence
and triggers of migraine among
Key words:undergraduate medical
undergraduate medical students of a
students, migraine, triggers, MIDAS
South Indian medical college.
questionnaire, ID migraine test, triggers
Methods: After ethical clearance, a
questionnaire containing Identification of
Migraine (ID Migraine) test, headache
severity scale and MIDAS (Migraine
Disability Assessment) questionnaire along
with questions related to demographics
and other parameters was administered.
All undergraduate medical students who
had suffered from headache for more than
rd
FPP-NP-16 phase. Different studies showed that
oestrogen and progesterone modify the
Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) speed of transmission of auditory nerve at
in Different Phases of Menstrual the brainstem by secretion of GABA in
CycleIn Females of Reproductive Age counter regulatory fashion. As study is still
in process, therefore statistical significance
Group
will be produced at the time of
presentation.
Sharvi, Preeti Rathi1, Vandana Dhama2,
C.Lalita1
Keywords: Auditory Brainstem Response,
1 phases of menstrual cycle, oestrogen,
progesterone.
of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LLRM
Medical College Meerut
FPP-NP-17
Background: Ovarian hormones
(oestrogen and progesterone) have known Targeting Motor Cortex with
to effect the sensory information in brain. Neuronavigated Repetitive
Auditory being one of the sensory Transcranial Magnetic
modalities gets influenced by sex
hormones. These have been found to Stimulation in Management of
modulate the conduction of sensory Chronic Migraine
information in different phases of
menstrual cycle. A Kumar1,R Bhatia2,S Senthil Kumaran3,R
Bhatia1
Aims & Objectives: ABR is a non-invasive
1
test to evaluate functional integrity in Department of Physiology,2Department of
auditory pathway. Aim of study is to Neurology, 3Department of NMR, All India
observe the changes if any in ABR in Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-
different phases of menstrual cycle in 110029
females of reproductive age group.
Background: Chronic Migraine (CM) is
Material & Methods: Twenty females of moderate to severe headache (generally
18-35 years having normal menstrual cycle unilateral) over >3 months with associated
of 28±5 days participated for ABR. It was features like nausea, vomiting,
conducted in PG Research Laboratory , photophobia, phonophobia and
Department of Physiology, LLRM Medical osmophobia. Anxiety, depression and
College, Meerut using Neurostim NS-4, disability are significant coexisting factors.
after taking written consent, explaining With time CM become medically
the purpose and procedure in 3 different refractory and makes its treatment
phases of menstrual cycle i.e. menstrual difficult. Non-invasive repetitive
phase (1-3 day), pre ovulatory phase(11-14 transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
day), luteal phase(23-26 day) excluding of the cortex has been implicated in pain
those taking OCPs or having history of relief in such chronic conditions.
hearing loss or discharge.
Objectives: Purpose of the study was to
Results: Our study showed a trend of examine the effects of Neuronavigated
increase in Absolute Latencies of wave II, rTMS of left motor cortex on pain status,
IV & V and also increase in Inter Peak quality of life, depression, anxiety in CM
Latencies of I-V, III-V in pre ovulatory patients.
phase compared to menstrual and luteal
rd
Methods: Patients were randomised into observed that medical students have
real (n=9) and sham rTMS (n=10) groups. marked undue stress during examination
Real rTMS (l0 Hz) administered with figure period.
of 8 coil (5 days/week for two weeks) and
compared with sham group. VAS rating, Objective: To find frequency of anxiety
headache frequency and questionnaires- and depression among undergraduate
WHOQoLBREF, BDI-II, STAI-Y were medical students of Guntur medical
assessed before and after therapy. College during exams.
Results: Real rTMS group showed Material andMethods: In a cross sectional

significant VAS reduction and improved observational study, conducted by
associated symptoms from baseline when administering Hamilton Anxiety and
compared with sham TMS group. Depression rating scales to 100 students
enrolled in first professional MBBS at
CONCLUSION: Left motor cortex rTMS Guntur medical College during the
significantly reduced pain and improved examinations.
related symptoms suggesting its role as
adjuvant analgesic treatment modality for Results: Depression and anxiety were
chronic migraine. present in 65% and 85% of students
during exams Female students were
Keywords: Chronic Migraine, headache, more prone to both depression and
rTMS, Neuronavigated, Motor cortex anxiety than males during exams. In our
study among Anxiety scale most had Fear,
FPP-NP-18 among Depression scales most had
insomnia.
Anxiety and Depression among
Medical Students during Exams Conclusions: In our study we found that
majority of students experience
Dr.Arjuman Parveen Shaik, depression and anxiety during exams.
Dr.V.Malleswaramma (HOD), There is need for greater attention to the
Dr.W.Maruthi, Dr.R.Sirisha, psychological wellbeing of medical
Dr.G.V.Mahesh, Dr. J.Jerusha, Dr.L.Vani, students.
Dr.P.Nanda kumar, Dr.K.Harika,
Dr.D.Srujana Keywords: Anxiety, depression, insomnia,
fear.
Department of Physiology, Guntur Medical
College,Andhra Pradesh. FPP-NP-19
Background: Young medical students are Effect of Semantic Association on

considered in significant psychological Audio-Visual Interaction
distress during their training. Several
studies suggest a high prevalence of stress Manisha Dubey, Sharma R, Tayade P,
and depression among medical students Kaur S
as compared to their aged match peers.
Academic demands, exams, too much Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging
work load, inability to cope, these factors Laboratory, Department of Physiology,
are considered to be cause of depression. AIIMS, New Delhi
Associated risk factors are female gender,
having family history of depression, loss of Background: In our multimodal
relative and substance abuse. It has been environment we are constantly
rd
bombarded with simultaneous inputs from Keyword: multisensory processing,
different sensory modalities which merge semantic, perception, cognition, audio-
together to form a unified percept, this is visual, reaction time.
known as crossmodal interaction. The
effect of one modality (visual) on other FPP-NP-20
modality (auditory) can lead to response
facilitation or response suppression. This Correlation of Sleep Quality,
can be affected by various factors, such as Perceived Stress and Reaction Time in
nature of stimulus and nature of task.
Medical Students- A Cross Sectional
Study
Objective: To study the effect of semantic
association (Congruent and incongruent)
Megha Chopra,Dr. Rita Khadkikar
during audio visual interaction.
Dept of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi
Material and methods: Twenty five
Mission Medical College, Navi Mumbai
healthy adults (27.4±2.76 years)
performed two blocks of object detection
Background: Sleep is important for
task. Each block comprised of 3 subblocks
homeostasis. A bidirectional association
containing auditory, visual and audio-
has been shown between sleep and stress.
visual stimuli respectively. The audio-
The effect these entities have on an
visual stimuli were presented in 3 forms:
individual’s reaction time is now being
CAn (Congruent: animal picture with
explored in research, as we have done in
animal sound), IAnP (Incongruent: animal
our study.
picture with artefact sound) and IArP
(Incongruent, animal sound with artefact
picture). Subjects were asked to respond Objectives: The aim of this study was to
with key press for animal features in correlate sleep quality, perceived stress
stimuli (1 for yes, 2 for no).The mean and reaction time in medical and dental
reaction time (RT) for the correct trials students, and to determine the extent the
were analyzed. correlation of sleep quality and perceived
stress had on reaction time.
Results: Mean visual RT(481.3±56.66) was
significantly lower than mean auditory RT Material and Methods: The Pittsburgh
(727.2±108.8) (p<0.0001) and mean IAnP Sleep Quality Index was administered for
RT(545.4±74.83) (p=0.0094).There was no sleep; Cohen’s perceived stress scale-10
significant difference between mean visual for stress and the Digital Display Multiple
RT and mean CAn RT. Mean auditory Choice Apparatus for reaction time. To
RT(727.2±108.8) was significantly higher establish the degree of association
than mean CAn RT(511.5±73.13) between the variables such as sleep
(p<0.0001), There was no significant quality, stress, auditory and visual reaction
difference between mean auditory RT and Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation (r) was
mean IArP RT. computed.
Conclusion: Visual modality is the Result: Along with the high incidence of
dominant modality but auditory stimuli, if poor sleepers and highly stressed students,
semantically incongruent can suppress we observed a critical point value in both
visual perception. Whereas, semantically administered questionnaires, beyond
congruent visual stimuli can facilitate which both auditory and visual reaction
auditory perception. time increased exponentially.
rd
Conclusion: These findings bring to light a Results:16.7%(n=10) of deaf children
threshold value in both sleep quality and showed prolonged QTc compared to
perceived stress, after which an 3.3%(n=2) in normal children. QT interval
exponential rise in auditory, visual reaction comparing male and female cases showed
times is seen; in contrast with a linear rise highly significant difference(Mann
approaching this threshold value. Whitney U test -295;p value-0.019 ).Also
QT interval comparing male cases and
Keywords: Medical students, Dental controls showed significant
students, Sleep, Perceived stress, Reaction difference(Mann Whitney U test-279; p
time value-0.010)
FPP-NP-21 Conclusion: Incidence of long QT interval

is higher in deaf individuals compared to
Incidence of Long Qt Interval in Deaf normal which could be representation of
Children: A Case Control Study part of syndromic or non- syndromic
deafness. Further genetic and thorough
Dr Suma S,Dr Aruna V.Bhavane, Dr cardiac evaluation is necessary to
Kasthuri B. Hunshikatti comprehensibly establish the relation
between co-occurrence of long QT interval
and deafness.
Department of Physiology, Belgaum
Institute of Medical Sciences, Belagavi
Keywords: Long QT interval, deaf children,
12 Lead ECG, electrocardiograph.
Backround:A Deaf-mute child loses his
ability to lead a completely independent
life thereby affecting the mental and FPP-NP-22
physical wellbeing due to complete loss of
perception and reciprocation of sound. Effect of Iron-Folic Acid
Numerous studies suggest evidence of Supplementation on Brainstem
syndromic deafness associated with Auditory Evoked Potential in Iron
cardiac abnormalities. Deficiency Anemic Adolescent School
Girls
Objectives:To look for incidence of long Qt
interval in 12 lead ECG among deaf Nirmala Limbu1, Dilip Thakur1,Binod
children in comparison with age matched Kumar Lal Das2,Anju
children with normal hearing. 3
Pradhan ,Dharanidhar Baral 4
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case 1

Department of Basic & Clinical Physiology,
control study was conducted with 120 2
Department of Biochemistry,
subjects, 6-18 years of age comprising of 3
Department of Pathology, 4Department of
60 deaf and 60 normal children. Cardiart Community Medicine, B. P. Koirala
6108T of BPL healthcare a portable 12- Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
lead electrocardiograph with a single
channel printing system, capable of Background: Iron deficiency anemia, a
processing all ECG leads simultaneously major nutritional public health problem, is
was used to take 12 Lead ECG of 120 linked with cognitive abnormalities.
subjects after adequate rest in their own Evoked potentials are used to index the
school campus. The Qt interval calculated functional integration of the CNS.
was analysed statistically using unpaired t Supervised weekly iron-folic acid therapy
test and Mann Whitney U test. is an effective alternative approach to
daily administration.
rd
1
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Department of Basic and Clinical
the effect of iron-folic acid Physiology, 2Department of Medicine
supplementation on brainstem auditory
evoked potential (BAEP) in iron deficiency Background: The prevalence of chronic
anemic adolescent school girls. disease diabetes mellitus is rapidly rising
all over the globe. The number of diabetic
Material & Methods: This prospective mellitus patients with diabetic neuropathy
intervention study was conducted on is increasing as estimated as 45% of
adolescent school girls (n=150) of Dharan, patients develop diabetic polyneuropathy.
Nepal, selected by systemic random
sampling method. They were screen for Objectives: To evaluate latency, amplitude
anemia analyzing their hemoglobin and and NCV of median nerve in DM type II.
ferritin levels. Supervised weekly iron-folic
acid supplementation (12 weeks) was Material & Methods / Procedure: The
given to these screened iron-deficient study was done in 10 (M=4, F= 6, Age
anemic girls. Pre- and post- intervention 51.38+_11.71yrs) consenting Diabetic
BAEP and hematological profile were patients. . Median nerve motor and
recorded. Paired t-test was applied. sensory parameters, proximal, distal
latency, amplitude, conduction velocity
Results: From the 33.33% (50/150) anemic were recorded .Values obtained were
girls, iron deficiency was identified in compared with normal value. Independent
17.33% (n=26/50) girls. In these girls t test was applied to analyze the data.
(n=26/50), hemoglobin showed a
increasing trend (Hb: 11.18  0.85 vs. Results: .Onset latency (2.83±0.253 vs. ≤
11.33  0.94 gm/dL) post 4.4 ms, P < 0.0005) and proximal latency
supplementation. In BAEP, Wave V (6.60±1.99 vs. ≥ 13.2 ms, P< 0.0005) of
latency, III-V interpeak latencies and I-V right median nerve were decreased
interpeak latencies of right ear were significantly. Distal amplitude (7.63±2.53
decreased post-supplementation (Wave V vs. ≥ 4 mV, P< 0.005) and Proximal
latency: 6.31 ± 0.58 vs. 5.86 ± 0.59 ms, p= amplitude (8.68±2.41vs≥ 4 mV, P< 0.005)
0.002; III-V interpeak latencies: 2.68 ± 0.52 of Rt. Median nerve were increased more
vs. 2.39 ± 0.58 ms; I-V interpeak latencies: significantly. F wave minimum latency
4.61± 0.69 vs. 4.29 ± 0.52 ms). (28.38±7.03 vs. ≤ 31 ms, P<0.05) of right
median motor and F wave minimum
Conclusion: These findings suggest that latency (24.33±4.51 vs. ≤ 31 ms, P<0.05) of
weekly iron-folic acid supplementation left median motor were decreased
improves conduction velocity in auditory significantly. Amplitude of Rt. median
pathway in iron-deficient anemic girls. sensory (10.80±6.00 vs. ≥ 20 µV, P
<0.0005) was decreased significantly.
Key words: anemia, adolescent girls, SNCV of Lt. median sensory (42.95±12.52
brainstem auditory evoked potential, iron- vs. <3.5 ms, P <0.05) were decreased
folic acid supplementation significantly.
FPP-NP-23 Conclusion: The results suggest

neuropathy can be detected early by NCV
Nerve Conduction Study of Median test. Sensory nerve parameters are
Nerve in Diabetes Mellitus Type II affected earlier than motor. Median nerve
has the highest abnormalities in diabetic
patients with early neuropathy.
Limbu DM1, Poudel BH1, Thakur D1,
Maskey R2
rd
Keywords: NCV, sensory conduction negatively correlated with height of the
velocity, motor conduction velocity, subjects.
Diabetes mellitus, F-wave latency, Onset
latency Conclusion: Our findings suggest that
PRVEP parameters (latency, amplitude and
FPP-NP-24 duration) are influenced by the height of
the individual. The positive correlation
To Investigate the Relation Between between VEP latencies with increasing
Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked height shows that with increase in height
Potential Parameters and Height in the length of optic nerve between the
optic nerve head and the visual processing
Healthy Subjects.
area increases. This increase in length of
nerve may be responsible for increase in
Dr.Kuldip Singh Bhatia, Dr.Anil Kumar
VEP latencies.
Department of Physiology,FMHS, SGT
FPP-NP-25
Medical College- Budhera Gurugram
Background: The aim of this study was to Effect of Glycemic Control on Short
investigate the relation between pattern Term Memory in Type 2 Diabetics
reversal visual evoked potential
parameters and height in healthy subjects Dr Mythri G 1,Dr Shireen Swaliha Quadri
2
Department Of Physiology, 1Subbaiah
Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Institute of Medical Sciences, 2Shimoga
Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga
Material and Method: Pattern reversal
visual evoked potential (PRVEP) recordings Background: The increase in diabetes
from 240 eyes from 120 normal subjects among the elderly is of concern because in
were performed over a period of one year addition to the wide range of traditional
after approval from the institutional complications, there is evidence that
ethical committee in the electro- diabetes is associated with memory
physiology laboratory of Physiology decline. Short term memory plays a very
Department, SGT Medical College Hospital important role in day to day activities.
and Research Institute, Gurgaon-NCR.
PRVEP latencies, duration and amplitude Objectives: To find out the effect of
were measured in both the eyes of all glycemic control on short term memory in
subjects. PRVEP parameters were type 2 diabetics.
correlated with height by Pearson’s
correlation co-efficient (r) using spss Materials and Methods: The study was
statistical software carried out in 150 individuals aged
between 40-65 years consisting of 100
Results: A significant positive correlation diagnosed cases of type 2 Diabetes who
was observed between N70 latency and were further divided into Group I:
height. A positive correlation of P100 Controlled diabetes (HbA1C levels <7%) and
latency and N155 latency in the subjects in Group II: Uncontrolled Diabetes with
relation to height was observed. It was (HbA1c level> 7%) compared with Control
found that P100 amplitude has negative Group consisting of 50 non-diabetics
correlation with height in the subjects of HbA1C<6 % from OPD of Mc Gann Hospital.
various age groups. Whereas P100 Neuropsychological batteries were used to
Duration was found to be non-significant assess short-term memory. Statistical
analysis was done using SPSS 21.
rd
Results: Uncontrolled Diabetics showed a diagnosed and confirmed by several
significantly reduced score compared to haemetological tests which include
non-diabetics and controlled diabetics peripheral blood film, haemoglobin
(p<0.001) and controlled diabetics showed content, serum ferratin level.
a significantly (p<0.001) reduced score
compared to non-diabetics for all the BERA test was also performed on all iron
three memory tests used to assess short deficiency diagnosed cases (30) and non
term memory. iron deficiency normal childrens i.e.
control (10).
Conclusion: The main hypothesis to
explain the pathophysiology of decline in Result & conclusion: Analysis of 30 anemic
short term memory in type-2 diabetes may children & 10 controls for their auditory
be glucose dysregulation,accumulation of pathway development using BERA
senile plaques, metabolic oxidation revealed that in few children (3) there was
products associated with hyperglycemia, delayed transmission of signals to
insufficient action or effect of insulin due midbrain i.e. .06ms. Delayed transmission
to insufficient secretion, activit, or both. is results of demyelination of auditory
pathway due to iron deficiency.
Key Words: Diabetes; Glycemic control;
short term memory FPP-NP-27
FPP-NP-26 Role of Visual Evoked Potential in

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Long Lasting Effect of Iron Deficiency
on Auditory Pathway of Children Negi Asha1, Gharu Yuvraj1, Sharma Ram
Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital Unit of Lal2& Mahajan Shivani1
Southern Rajasthan
Dr. Ratan Lal

Dept of Physiology1,,Dept of
2
Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Ophthalmology , Indira Gandhi Medical
Udaipur (Raj.) College, Shimla
Background: It is stated in Physiological Introduction: Primary open angle

hypothesis states that iron deficiency glaucoma(POAG) is the most predominant
anemia causes demylination of auditory form of glaucoma in the world.The clinical
pathway. Hence proposed study deals diagnosis of POAG is commonly based on
with, the effect of iron deficiency anemia increase in intraocular pressure(IOP),
on auditory pathway of children of age characteristic optic nerve head cupping,
group 5 to 10 years. and typical visual field defects. The
Electrophysiological tests like Visual
Aim: Study the effect of Iron deficiency Evoked Potential (VEP) records electrical
anemia on status of auditory pathway in brain activity and offers the potential of
childern of age group 5-10 years with iron providing more specific objective
deficiency anemia. functional testing.
Methodology: A case control study on Aims&Objectives:To compare pattern

children with Iron deficiency anemia, reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP)
visiting the Dept. of Pediatrics, GMCH has in patients with Primary Open Angle
been done. Iron deficiency anemia was Glaucoma and in healthy controls.
rd
Methodology: The present study was tension-type headache (CTTH) is still
conducted in the departments of unclear and the oscillation between
Physiology & Ophthalmology, IGMC peripheral mechanisms (myofascial
Shimla, in 40 cases of POAG diagnosed on nociception) and central mechanisms
the basis of increased IOP, fundus (sensitization and inadequate endogenous
examination & glaucomatous visual field pain control) remains. The aim of our
defects and 40 normal. VEP was recorded study was to explore the effect of
in all the subjects to record latency and repetitive transcranial magnetic
amplitude of P100. stimulation (rTMS) on pain status in CTTH
by subjective and objective pain
Result:The results of our study showed assessment.
statistically significant prolongation in
latency of P100 in 76 eyes of 40 patients Trial design: Single blind randomized
among POAG group (115.66±8.09 ms in control trial.
patients and 104.92±6.42ms in controls,
p=0.000). Significant reduction in P100 Methods: Patients (n=30) diagnosed with
amplitude was also observed in POAG chronic tension-type headache were
patients as compared to controls (5.30 recruited and randomized into real (n=15)
µv±2.47 and 7.4µv ±3.59respectively, and sham (n=15) rTMS groups. Pre-
p=0.000) as evaluated by students t-test. intervention detailed history of the patient
was taken, Numerical pain rating scale as
Conclusion: From our results, we conclude well as questionnaires (Headache impact
that PRVEP can be used as an objective test-6, McGill pain questionnaire, Pain
tool for monitoring progression of optic Beliefs Questionnaire, Coping Strategies
nerve pathology in patients of POAG. Questionnaire, State- Trait Anxiety
Inventory test and WHO-Quality of Life
Key Words:Glaucoma, electrophysiological questionnaire-brief version) were filled
tests, Visual Evoked Potential, electrical and objective assessments such as
brain activity, objective tool. nociceptive flexion reflex and conditioned
pain modulation were done.
FPP-NP-28
Intervention: 1Hz 1200 pulses in 8 trains
Low Frequency Repetitive consisting of 150 pulses at 110% of the
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as resting motor threshold were given on the
right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for
a Therapeutic Intervention in Chronic
20days (5days/week) in the real TMS
Tension-Type Headache: A
group. Post intervention the assessments
Randomized Control Study and questionnaires were repeated.
B. Mattoo1, S. Tanwar1, S. Jain1, M. Result: We got subjective improvements

Tripathi2, R. Bhatia2, R. Bhatia1 in the numerical pain rating scale,
1
headache impact test, Mc gill present pain
Department of Physiology, 2Department intensity, trait of anxiety and psychological
of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical pain beliefs. The increase in thresholds of
Sciences, New Delhi India: nociceptive flexion reflex served as an
objective marker for improvement in pain
Introduction: Tension-type headache status.
(TTH) is the most common type of primary
headache disorder. Its chronic form is Conclusion: Low frequency rTMS on right
often the most ignored and challenging to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be used
treat. The exact pathogenesis of chronic
rd
as a therapeutic intervention in chronic randomized number sequence as per
tension-type headache. inclusion criteria and 70 age- matched
healthy controls were also enrolled. The
FPP-NP-29 structured exercise therapy was practiced
for 6 months and the readings were taken
Effects of Structured Exercise Therapy in the beginning of the study, at the end of
on Ulnar Nerve Conduction Velocity in 2nd, 4th and 6th months.
Asymptomatic Young Patients with
Statistical Analysis: ANOVA & Multivariate
Newly Diagnosed T2 DM: A
Analysis were used and p value < 0.05 was
Randomized Controlled Study taken as significant.
Dr Harpreet Kour1, Dr V.A Kothiwale2, Dr. Results: Statistically significant
Shivaprasad Goudar1 improvement was observed in study
1
variables with interventional therapy.
Dept. of Physiology, 2Dept. of Medicine,
J.N. Medical College, Belagavi, KLE
Conclusion: The results of this trial have
Academy of Higher Education (KLE provided novel data to indicate exercise
University) improves cognition for a vulnerable group
of young adults. This has set the stage for
Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is larger trials to further examine protective
one of the most commonly occurring potential and disease modifying effects of
microvascular complications accounting exercise therapy
for 28% of all the complications in
diabetics. It is a progressive process that Key words: Newly diagnosed T2DM, NCV,
has a long asymptomatic stage. Nerve Structured exercise therapy
conduction studies (NCS) and Audio Visual
reaction time are electro diagnostic tests
FPP-NP-30
which are used to evaluate the ability of
the conduction of the motor nerves.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential
Objectives: The aim of the present study in Uncontrolled Diabetics without and
was to study the effect of structured with Complications
exercise therapy on motor nerve
conduction velocity of ulnar nerve & audio Roopali Mittal1, Lokesh Kumar Singh2,
visual reaction time in neurologically Abha Gupta3, Vinay Agarwal1
asymptomatic patients newly diagnosed
1 2
young adults with T2DM. Dept. Of Physiology, Dept.Of
3
Ophthalmologyand Dept.Of Medicine,
Material & Methods: Study was done in LLRM Medical College, Meerut
Research Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology,
J. N Medical College and performed after Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic
obtaining informed consent & institutional disorder affecting the worldwide
ethical clearance. The study was population in all age groups. If not
conducted on 140 clinically diagnosed controlled, it is known to affect all body
cases of T2DM of age group 20-45 years. systems especially nervous system, retina
In-person assessment was done followed and kidneys. Peripheral neuropathy is the
by a physical examination and then
commonest manifestation of neural
divided randomly into Diabetic
Group(n=70) & Interventional involvement. Central neuropathy is seen in
Group(n=70) by computer generated, uncontrolled diabetes as evidenced by
rd
involvement of cranial nerves. The central Background: Pain is one of the most
neural involvement is not fully explored exciting fields of nervous system research.
and got due attention. BAEP is a A small number of studies have looked at
noninvasive test to evaluate the functional pain sensitivity in obese people but many
integrity of auditory pathways. The of these studies report conflicting results.
possibility of abnormal BAEP is greater in Pain has tremendous effect on quality of
uncontrolled diabetes specifically with human life.
complications. Therefore, the present
study is undertaken. 50 uncontrolled Objectives: To determine pain threshold
diabetics including 20 with peripheral and pain tolerance in healthy obese male
neuropathy and 10 with retinopathy subjects.
participated for BAEP test after taking
written consent and explaining the Material and methods: The present cross
purpose and procedure to them. None of sectional study was undertaken after
them was having complaint of hearing loss obtaining ethical clearance and informed
which was also confirmed by otoscopy and written consent. Ninety four healthy male
tuning fork tests. BAEP was recorded on medical students of age group 19-21 of
Neurostim NS 4. It was found that patients were the participants. Obesity
with retinopathy and neuropathy were classification recommended by WHO
having significant delay in AL III, V and IPL consultation for Asian population was
III-V (p < 0.05) as compared to the used to classify obesity on the basis of
uncontrolled diabetics without any body mass index. The pain threshold and
complication. However, the patients with pain tolerance were measured by Cold
retinopathy were also having significant (p Pressure Task. Anova test was used to
< 0.05) increase in AL I also. The delay in analyse the differences of pain threshold
the mentioned parameter indicates the and pain tolerance among healthy obese
involvement of central auditory pathways. and non-obese subjects.
Therefore, though the poor glycaemic
control is associated with central Results: Statistically significant increased
neuropathy but the magnitude is greater pain threshold in obesity group compared
in uncontrolled diabetics already having to normal group (20.4 + 9.25 Vs 29.9 +
the complications. Therefore, it is 18.97, p<0.001) was observed. There was
recommended to do BAEP screening in increase in pain tolerance in obese groups
diabetic subjects to know early compared to normal group which was not
involvement of central auditory pathway. statistically significant
FPP-NP-31 Conclusion: The perception of pain is

lower in obesity. Further large scale
Pain Perception among Healthy Obese research can be undertaken to strengthen
Students- A Cross Sectional Study this finding.
Dr. Padmashri Kudachi, Dr. Shruti Patil Keywords: Pain perception, Pain
threshold, Obesity, Cold Pressor Task.
J.N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka,
India.
rd
FPP-NP-32 Key words: Audio-visual analyzer, visual
reaction time, student-t test.
A Comparative Study of Visual
Reaction Time for Red Color in School FPP-NP-33
Bus Drivers with Normal Population
(Controls) ABR in Females Having Type II
Diabetes
Dr. (Mrs.) Rajni Soni, Dr. Garima Shah, Dr.
(Mrs.) Manjula Mehta Dr Nishtha Passey1, Dr VP Singh2, Dr Abha
Gupta3, Dr Vinay Agarwal1
Department of Physiology, M.G.M.
1
Medical College, Indore (M.P.) Department of Physiology, 2Department
ofOtorhinolaryngology and 3Department
Background: Reaction time is the speed ofMedicine, LLRM Medical College,
with which an individual can respond to a Meerut (UP)
stimulus. Reaction time is very important
aspect in occupation like driving, in which Diabetes Mellitus (DM) refers to a group of
quicker level of response is one of the metabolic disorders that share the
measure by which number of road traffic phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending
accidents can be reduced. on the etiology, the associated metabolic
dysregulation causes secondary
Objective: To compare mean visual pathophysiological changes in multiple
reaction time for red color in school bus organ systems that impose a tremendous
drivers with normal population. burden on the individual with diabetes and
on the healthcare system. Nervous system
Materials and Methods: 100 healthy involvement in mixed population suffering
school bus drivers and 100 normal from diabetes mellitus is well
populations (controls) of age (20-50 years) documented, but studies detailing the
and sex (male) matched, were taken as per effects seen particularly in women are
inclusion criteria. A self- made very few. Electrophysiological studies have
questionnaire was administered. A objectified the peripheral nervous system
thorough clinical examination was done. and CNS damage caused by diabetes both
Drivers and controls with normal visual in patients and experimental models.
function tests (visual acuity and color
vision) were assessed for visual reaction Evoked potentials represent an obligate
time test for red color with the help of neuronal response to a given stimulus. The
audio-visual analyzer. amplitude and latency depend on the
physical characteristics of the eliciting
Results: Data thus collected were stimulus. It was reported that early
tabulated and analyzed statistically by involvement of the central auditory
student t-test. Visual reaction time for red pathway can be detected with fair
color of drivers were shorter as compared accuracy with auditory evoked potential
to controls and the data obtained were studies. Therefore the present study was
statistically significant (p<0.05). planned with a view to observe the CNS
involvement in ladies with diabetes.
Conclusion: Mean visual reaction time for
red color was shorter in drivers as Twenty-seven newly diagnosed and thirty
compared to controls which indicate established diabetic female patients
drivers react faster than controls. between 30 – 70 years of age were taken
from the OPD of Department of
rd
Endocrinology and Department of Many times, silent and hence often go
Medicine of SVBP Hospital, Meerut. Thirty- undiagnosed.
eight age and sex-matched non-diabetic
female patients, who had no complaint of Objectives: To compare NCV in diabetics
hearing loss and had normal hearing tests, and healthy adults and to study the
were selected for the study. BAEPs were strength of correlation between (HbA1c)
conducted in an outpatient basis after and nerve conduction velocity.
getting a written and informed consent
from patients, using the software Material and methods: Total of 60
Neurostim NS-4 (Medicaid, Chandigarh). subjects; 30 patients (15Males,
Each ear was tested twice to ensure the 15Females) with established T2DM
reproducibility of the result. recruited into test group and 30 healthy
age matched controls (30Males,
In the results it was observed that the 30Females) recruited into control group.
absolute latencies of both the newly- Determination of nerve conduction
diagnosed as well as established diabetic velocity of both median nerves and Blood
women were increased as compared to sampling for assessment of HbA1c to
the control participants. The interpeak assess glycaemic control, was done for
latencies were also raised in newly- both the groups
diagnosed subjects but decreased in
established females. Results: Among male participants mean
NCV was lower in cases (Right 37.9±14;
The study revealed the early involvement Left 40±16) compared to the controls
of ear in female diabetic patients. It can be (Right 59.4±11.4; Left 60±11.3); and
used for educating the patient about the among female participants was also lower
aural involvement in the disease with in cases (Right 41.8±13; Left 42±12.4) in
time. The ABR may be used for prognostic comparison with controls (Right
purposes during follow-up. 54.6±17.8; Left 55.1±17.6). Among the
cases, the p value for Right NCV was 0.021,
FPP-NP-34 which was found to be statistically
significant (p value <0.05), and p value for
A Comparative Study of Nerve Left NCV was 0.9.
Conduction Velocity in Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Conclusion: These findings suggest that
NCV is delayed in diabetics compared to
Adults.
healthy adults
Dr. Namratha Shetty, Dr. AM Mirajkar
Keywords: Nerve Conduction
Velocity(NCV), Type2 Diabetes
Department of Physiology, K S HEGDE
Mellitus(T2DM), Diabetic
MEDICAL ACADEMY, MANGALORE, INDIA.
Polyneuropathy(DPN)
Background: One of the most common
cause of neuropathy is DM. It can result in
a wide range of clinical manifestation
which ultimately leads to greater cases of
mortality and morbidity. DPN is the most
common complication amongst all diabetic
complications to result in hospital
admission and accounts for most frequent
cause among non-traumatic amputation.
rd
FPP-NP-35 PRVEP. Ethambutol-induced toxic optic
neuropathy (20.83%) was associated with
Evaluating the Clinical Applications of significant P100 delay bilaterally, in the
Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients majority. Out of which, 50% showed
with Visual Dysfunctions- A improved PRVEP records after 1 month of
cessation of the drug. Multiple sclerosis
Retrospective Study
and optic neuritis though rare conditions
(4.17% and 8.33% respectively), exhibited
Sangeeta Gupta 1, Punita Garg 2, Gaurav
significant latency delays which helped
Gupta 3
confirming the diagnosis.
1
Conclusion: Visual evoked potentials are
of Ophthalmology,3Department of
sensitive adjuncts to diagnosis in various
Surgery, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala,
visual disorders. By objectively monitoring
Haryana, India
the ocular functions in conditions like
traumatic and ethambutol-induced toxic
Background: The neuro-ophthalmological
optic neuropathy, they can further
applications of visual evoked potentials
contribute as cheaper and sensitive
have been extending over the last decade.
investigations.
The tests can provide important electro-
diagnostic informations in patients with
Keywords: Malingering, monitoring, N75-
visual disorders.
P100 amplitude, optic neuropathy, P100
latency, pattern reversal.
Objectives: The present study was hence
planned to assess the clinical role of
FPP-NP-36
PRVEPs (pattern reversal visual evoked
potentials) in patients presenting with
visual loss with presumptive optic nerve Comparative Study of Median Motor
involvement. Nerve Parameters in Newly Diagnosed
Hypothyroid Patients in a Tertiary
Materials and methods: PRVEP records of Care Centre Alappuzha, Kerala
48 patients with unilateral/bilateral visual
loss in a study-period of one year were Dr.Sinu Sankar M, Dr.Manju Dominic,
retrospectively analysed. P100 latencies Dr.Shaji C V
and N75-P100 amplitudes were compared
with those of 50 age and sex-matched GOVT.T D Medical college, Alappuzha,
controls. Significant abnormalities were Kerala, India
defined as variations beyond three
standard deviation. PRVEP records Background: Thyroid hormones play a role
obtained by monitoring/follow-up in some in the growth and development of
conditions were also assessed. neuromuscular system. Hypothyroidism
causes neurological dysfunctions like
Results: Traumatic optic neuropathy peripheral & entrapment neuropathy,
(33.33%) was the most common condition cerebellar ataxia, myxedema coma etc.
confronted, with major PRVEP finding as Studies show that motor symptoms
absent waveforms/reduced amplitudes. increases with increase in TSH levels. The
Monitoring of the records revealed common nerve involved is motor part of
improvement in 50% of the patients on median nerve. Electrophysiological
corticosteroid therapy. Malingering and studies conducted early in the course of
factitious disorders constituted 29.17% of disease play signiﬁcant role in the medical
the patients with 92.8% confirmed by management of entrapment neuropathies
rd
before switching to surgical treatment. FPP-NP-37
The present study assessed median motor
conduction parameters in recently Comparative Study of Visual Evoked
diagnosed and untreated hypothyroid Potential in Persons with Immature
patients. Cataract and Persons with Normal
Visual Acuity.
Objectives: To study and compare median
motor neuropathy in two groups of newly
Dr Danti J
detected hypothyroid patients with TSH
values <&>=70µIU/ml.
SMVMCH, Puducherry.
Material & Methods/Procedure: Newly
Background:Cataract is opacification of
detected hypothyroid males and females
crystalline lens in the eye, which initially
with age 20 to 50 years were included.
starts with minimal visual disturbances
Patients with neurological disorders,
and eventually progresses to complete
diabetes mellitus, those taking drugs
blindness if untreated. Visual evoked
causing neuropathy, alcoholics and
potentials (VEPs) are electrical potential
smokers were excluded. Study variables
differences recorded from scalp in
were distal latency, conduction velocity
response to visual stimuli. Many studies
and amplitude of median motor nerve ,
have proven that VEP is useful for
TSH, free T3 &T4.These were compared
identifying local optic nerve pathology and
between two groups of hypothyroid
opacification of lens in the late stages. This
patients with TSH values <&>=70µU/ml.
study is to assess the role of VEP in early
stage of cataract.
Results:
Aim / Objectives: To compare the VEP
changes in persons with immature
Cataract with persons with normal visual
acuity.
Material and Method: Pattern reversal

visual evoked potential was recorded
using EMG EP MK II equipment in the
department of Physiology. 20 immature
cataract individuals in the age group of 40
- 60 years were included in the study
group. Control group comprised of 20
Conclusions/Implications: Median motor normal age matched subjects.VEP
parameters were significantly impaired Parameters – N75, P100 & N145 latencies
(p<0.01) in both groups but increased and amplitude in study group were
duration of distal latency, reduced compared with control group.
amplitude and velocity noted more in the
group with TSH levels more than 70µIU/ml Results: Statisticalanalysis revealed that
.This showed that TSH values have got an the amplitude of P100 was significantly
influence on motor performance of decreased in study group compared to
peripheral nerves and early medical that of control group (p=0.01). Other
intervention can reduce the symptoms. parameters (N75 and N145) are non-
significant.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, motor
neuropathy, electrophysiological study
rd
Conclusion: P100 amplitude is significantly measured using audiovisual reaction time
decreased in immature cataract analyzer. Academic performance was
individuals when compared to control assessed by theory test scores obtained in
group suggesting that even early stages of preliminary examination. The data was
lens opacification can be measured by analysed by using independent t-test and
VEP. Karl Pearson’s correlation test.
Key words: cataract, immature cataract, Results: Visual reaction time was found to
visual evoked potential. be slower than auditory reaction time
within the group and statistically
FPP-NP-38 significant association was for white light
visual stimuli between two groups. No
Assessment of Cognitive Functions in significant correlation was found between
Children of Hypertensive Parents - A reaction time and academic performance.
Cross Sectional Study
Conclusion: Audiovisual reaction time was
faster in children with non hypertensive
Dr. Sunita, Dr. Padmashri Kudachi
parents and no correlation was found
between reaction time and academic
J.N Medical College, Belgaum,
performance. A detailed study on larger
Karnataka,India.
scale may confirm the correlation.
Background: Sympathetic hyperactivity
Keywords: Hypertension, Sympathetic
with early parasympathetic attenuation is
Hyperactivity, Audio Visual Reaction Time
seen in children of hypertensive parents,
who may in long run show impaired
neuro-cognitive functions. The rising FPP-NP-39
prevalence of hypertension calls for early
evaluation to prevent morbidity and Assessment of Cognitive Function in
mortality associated of the disease. Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A
Reaction time is one of the modality to Cross-Sectional Study.
test the cognitive functions like
intelligence and quickness of an individual Sharma Dalip1, Gharu Yuvraj1, Padam
to process a given stimuli. Anita1, Sharma Dinesh2, Sharma Sudhir3,
Objectives: Department of Physiology1, Department of

Psychiatry2 and Department of
1. To assess audio visual reaction time and Neurology3, IGMC Shimla, Himachal
academic performances in children of Pradesh 171001, India
hypertensive parents.
Background:This study aimed to evaluate
2. To find correlation between audiovisual cognition in patients with alcohol
reaction and academic performance dependence.During the past decade, there
has been an increasing interest in the
Material and methods: This is a cross evaluation of cognitive function in
sectional study conducted on 42 healthy substance use disorders. Substance use
medical students who fulfilled study includes the use of licit substance such as
inclusion criteria and have given written alcohol, tobacco, diversion of drugs as well
informed consent. Ethical clearance was as illicit substances.
obtained from the institutional ethical
committee. Audio visual reaction time was
rd
Alcohol in beverage form is among the evoked potentials in chronic alcoholics.
most widely used psychoactive drugs in Therefore this study has been undertaken
the world and it has dependence to focus on the effects of chronic
producing properties. Ethanol in alcohol is alcoholism on BAER, especially in North
a chemical and after consumption has a India.
multitude of effects.
Objectives: To study the latencies and
Objectives:Assessment of cognitive interpeak latencies of waves in Brainstem
function in patients with alcohol auditory evoked response in chronic
dependence. alcoholics and compare them with non-
alcoholic controls.
Methods: This study included 44 patients
with alcohol dependence diagnosed as per Material and methods: This case control
ICD-10 criteria with a mean age of 43.61 ± study was carried out in the department of
7.38. Cognition was tested using a Physiology, which included 40 chronic
sensitive battery of psychometric testing alcoholic males (study group) and 40
MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) healthy males (control group) in the age
and Montreal Cognitive Assessment group of 20-60 years. The BAER test was
(MoCA). performed using Octopus NCS/EMG/EP
(Clarity) machine.
Results: Compared with healthy subjects
(n = 44), patients had lower total scores of Results: We observed statistically
cognitive testing (MMSE), (P = 0.010) and significant increase in mean latencies of
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), (P wave III (p=0.007) & wave V (p=0.000) of
= 0.000). left ear and wave V (p=0.02) of right ear in
chronic alcoholics as compared to non-
Conclusion: Our results indicted cognitive alcoholics. The mean interpeak latencies
impairment in patients with alcohol of wave I-III (p=0.000) of left ear and of
dependence. This is important to wave I-III (p=0.000) & wave I-V (p=0.01) of
determine prognosis and managing right ear in chronic alcoholics were also
patients. statistically significantly increased as
compared to non-alcoholic controls.
Key words: Substance use, Cognition,
alcohol dependence. Conclusion: The present study shows that
chronic alcohol consumption affects the
FPP-NP-40 auditory pathways and delays the auditory
transmission time which may suggest
Study of Brainstem Auditory Evoked possible demyelination of auditory tracts.
Response in Patients of Alcohol Use Further studies are warranted to elucidate
the mechanisms of structural and
Disorder
neurochemical alterations involved.
Dr. Mudassir Anis Siddiqui1, Dr. Divya
Keywords: Chronic Alcoholism, Brainstem
Srivastava1, Dr. Sandeep Choudhary2
Auditory Evoked Response, Latency,
1 Interpeak latency
of Psychiatry, Subharti Medical College,
Meerut
Background: Previous studies have

reported abnormal brainstem auditory
rd
FPP-NP-41 electrodes. Recording surface disc
electrode was placed below lateral
Nerve Conduction Studies on Patients malleolus of ankle for sural nerve.
of Sciatica
Result: The mean value of latency was
Milind A. Nisargandha1, Shweta D. 3.152 + 0. 255 in normal side and it was
Parwe2,Sharadchandra G. Wankhede3, 2.876 + 0.4002 on the affected side which
Promod U. Shinde3,Sangita R. was significantly decreased. Motor nerve
Phatale3,Vijay K. Deshpande 4 conduction Velocity in the normal side was
51.27 + 3.98 and the Motor nerve
1
Department of Physiology SMBT Nashik, conduction Velocity of sciatic patient was
2
Department of Panchakarma, 47.34 + 5.659 on the affected side
MGACH&RC, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, decreased significantly.
3
MGM Medical College Aurangabad,
4
DMIMS (DU), Nagpur. Conclusion: In this study we concluded
that, this will be helpful for the early
Background: Low-back pain (LBP) is a detection of demylination & nerve injuries
major health problem around the world in the patient of sciatica.
and a major cause of medical expenses,
absenteeism and disability. Although LBP Key words: NCV: Nerve conduction
is usually a self-limiting and benign velocity, Sciatica, LBP: Low back pain,
condition that tends to improve DML: distal motor latency.
spontaneously over time, a large variety of
therapeutic interventions is available for FPP-NP-42
treatment. Sciatica can result when the
nerve roots in the lower spine are irritated Delayed Occurrence of Neurological
or compressed. The aim of the study was Deficit May Masquerade as False
to observe the effect of nerve conduction Negative Intraoperative
velocity in sciatica subjects. Neuromonitoring.
Method and materials:In this study we Patel SK1, Bir M1, Gupta U1, Netam RK1,
involved the participants either sexes; Kumar A2, Garg B2, Goswami A2, Jayaswal
aged >21 years; treatment for LBP; in the A2, Jaryal AK1
acute, subacute or chronic phases, with
sciatica. Patients were selected on the 1
basis of routine clinical examination and of Orthopaedics,All India Institute of
complaint with pain during walking. The Medical Sciences, New Delhi
selected Patients initially send for Nerve
conduction investigation in the Background: The occurrence of post-
department of Physiology. Nerve operative new neurological deficits in
conduction study was done on RMS EMG cases without intraoperative
EP Mark-II. The sites of stimulation for neurophysiological alarm during
Sciatic nerves were ankle & at or below neurosurgeries is considered as false
popliteal fossa and recording site were negative and is detrimental for the surgical
motor point of Extensor digitorum brevis outcome.
and Abductor Hallucis respectively.
Reference electrode was placed 4 cm Objectives: Two cases reported here show
distally over 4th metatarsophalangeal that post-operative deficits developed
joint. Ground electrode was placed despite post-instrumentation
between stimulating and recording intraoperative neuromonitoring without
rd
alarm may be due to delayed development Keywords: Intraoperative
of new neurological deficit rather than neurophysiological monitoring, motor
false negative reporting. evoked potential, delayed neurological
deficit
Material and methods: Intraoperative
neuromonitoring was done using standard FPP-NP-43
anaesthetic, stimulation and recording
protocols in two cases of corrective spine Effect of Use of Internet Usage on
surgery for congenital kyphoscoliosis. Sleep Quality and Cognition among
Motor cortices were stimulated by Adults
transcranial electrical stimulation. The
transcranial motor evoked potential
Kumar Rajender, Gharu Yuvraj, Bansal
(TcMEP) were recorded bilaterally from
Kumar Rakesh
needle electrodes placed in limb muscles.
Department of Physiology, IGMC Shimla
Results: Case 1: TcMEP were unchanged
(H.P.)
during surgery and there were no new
neurological deficits in the immediate
Aim: To determine the effect of internet
postoperative period. On the second post-
addiction on sleep quality and cognition.
operative day the patient had loss of
power in both the lower limbs. Case 2:
Method: This cross-sectional study was
Episodes of alarms were sounded with
done among students of IGMC Shimla and
decreased TcMEP amplitude on left side
HPGDC Shimla HP in Feb–August 2017 and
which correlated with surgical intervention
Data were collected by self-report. Data
and later recovered on corrective
collection tools were Internet Addiction
instrumentation steps. At the time of skin
test (IAT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
closure, the TcMEP was same as baseline.
(PSQI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment
However, in the immediate postoperative
(MOCA) Questionnaire. Data was analysed
period there was weakness on left side
by SPSS ver 23. P<0.05 was considered
that progressed to complete loss of motor
power on the left lower limb by post-op
day 2. In both the cases the patients were
Results: The mean score of PSQI, IAT and
re-operated to remove the causative
MOCA is 4.860±2.297, 36.115±13.953 and
factor (bony fragment in case 1 and
24.395±2.420 respectively. 20.5% (95%
displaced D6 screw in case 2). The TcMEP
CI=15.12 - 26.8) of students had moderate
improved intra-operatively. Both the
internet addiction and 13.5% (95% CI=
patients had improved motor power in the
9.09 -19.03% ) of the students were
immediate post-operative period that
suffering from sleep disorders. Also 52 %
progressed to complete recovery.
(95% CI= 44.84 - 59.10) of the students
had below normal MOCA score. Between
Conclusion/Implications: Careful analysis
internet addiction and sleep disorder
of the records of TcMEP and the surgical
components, subjective sleep quality,
context must be done before labeling the
sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep
case as false negative intraoperative
disturbances, habitual sleep efficiency and
neuromonitoring in an event of
daytime dysfunction and GPSQI, there was
development of new neurological deficits.
a significant positive correlation (P< 0.05)
The development of delayed neurological
and there was no correlation between
deficits is a distinct entity and should not
internet addiction and cognition of
be overlooked.
students.
rd
Conclusion: The result shows that After the exposure, cortex was stimulated
excessive use of internet is associated with with monopolar and bipolar probe by a
sleep disturbances and increase day time train of 8 square wave each 100 µs long
sleepiness. So it is important to promote electrical pulses given at 275 Hz at 2 Hz.
the essential awareness among students Responses were recorded with the help of
to promote the correct pattern of internet bipolar needle/surface electrodes which
use to reduce sleep problems in students. were inserted/placed in appropriate
muscles depending on the site of lesion.
Key words: Internet addiction, Cognition, The cortical areas which on stimulation
Sleep latency, Day time sleep disturbance, lead to motor evoked potential (MEP)
Sleep medication, Sleep quality. from corresponding muscle were
considered as functionally eloquent motor
FPP-NP-44 areas. Current strength was titrated for
each case with threshold intensities
High Frequency Monopolar ranging between 7-35 mA for monopolar
Stimulation Protocol is better than and 10-30 mA for bipolar probe.
Bipolar Stimulation for Intraoperative
Identification of Motor Cortex during Result: The motor cortex stimulation was
achieved by monopolar stimulation in 26
Neurosurgery
cases and only in 12 cases with bipolar
stimulation. The threshold current was
Gupta U1, Bir M1, Patel SK1, Singh A1,
always higher with bipolar stimulation.
Netam R1, Singh MM2, Tandon V2,
The average threshold current intensity
Sawarkar DP2, Mehta N1, Rath GP3, Jaryal
was 17.04±7.769 mA with monopolar and
AK1
19.50±7.477 mA with bipolar stimulation.
1
Department of Physiology, 2Department In the 4 patients where the motor cortex
of Neurosurgery, 3
Department of could not be identified did not have any
Neuroanaesthesia, All India Institute of post-operative neurological motor deficit.
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Conclusion: Monopolar stimulation is
Background: Direct cortical stimulation is more reliable as compared to bipolar
the standard method for intraoperative stimulation of motor cortex and the
identification of the motor cortex during intensity of current required is significantly
neurosurgery of fronto-pariteal region of lower with monopolar as compared to
the brain. bipolar stimulation. Thus with high
frequency protocol, monopolar
Objective: To compare efficacy of stimulation is the method of choice for
monopolar and bipolar stimulation using motor mapping.
high frequency protocol for identification
of the motor cortex during neurosurgery. Keywords: Monopolar, Bipolar, Motor
mapping, Direct cortical stimulation, High
Material & methods: Motor mapping was frequency protocol
attempted in 30 patients. Surgeries were
performed either under GA or under
awake protocol. Muscle relaxant was given
only during intubation, not during surgery.
rd
FPP-NP-45 hippocampus in CIS animals. In contrast,
EE did not restore hypertrophy of the
Environmental Enrichment amygdalar complex. Thus, EE ameliorates
Ameliorates Stress Induced CIS-induced cognitive deficits by
Behavioural Depression and Spatial modulating the neurotrophic factors,
astrocytes and GRs in the hippocampus,
Learning Deficits by Modulation of frontal cortex and amygdala.
Expression of Neurotrophic Factors
and Glucocorticoid Receptors Conclusion: Our findings throw light on
the beneficiary role EE by reducing
Shilpa BM1,2, Bhagya V1 and depressive-like behaviors and improving
cognitive abilities. Enrichment shows
Shankaranarayana Rao BS1 antidepressant-like effect by restoring
BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and GR expression in
1
Department of Neurophysiology, National the hippocampus and fronto-cortical
Institute of Mental Health and Neuro areas. Therefore, EE may be considered as
Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 2School one of most potential therapeutic
of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda approach to treat neuropsychiatric
Sagar University, Bengaluru - 560068, diseases.
Karnataka, India
Key words: Stress, depression,
Background: Traumatic stress is the main hippocampus, cognitive deficits,
exogenous factor that precipitates neurotrophic factors
depression, anxiety and cognitive
dysfunctions. Exposure to environmental FPP-NP-46
enrichment (EE) has been shown to induce
progressive plasticity in the brain and A Study of Brainstem Auditory Evoked
improve learning and memory in various
Potential in Infants with Different
neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Grades of Hypoxic Ischaemic
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of EE on Encephalopathy
chronic immobilisation stress (CIS)
associated changes in spatial learning and MunMun Chattopadhyay, Sonali
memory, behavioural measures of anxiety, Majumdar, Anil Baran Singha Mahapatra
depression and molecular markers as well
as structural alterations. R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital,
Kolkata, West Bengal
Material and methods: Male Wistar rats
were subjected to CIS for 2 h/day/10 days BACKGROUND: Infants with hypoxic
followed by 2 weeks of exposure to EE. CIS ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) frequently
resulted in weight loss, anhedonia, develop neuro-developmental delay.
increased immobility, spatial learning and
memory impairment, enhanced anxiety, Brainstem auditory evoked potential
and reduced expression of BDNF, VEGF, (BAEP) provides a non-invasive and
GFAP and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in objective method to assess the functional
different brain regions. integrity of auditory pathway. Presence of
wave V at 70 dB and its latency were
Results: EE ameliorates behavioural assessed in this study.
depression, spatial learning and memory
impairment and reduced anxiety The aim of the study is to show whether
behaviour. In addition, EE restored BDNF, there is anyBAEP changes in infants with
VEGF, GFAP and GR expression and different grades of HIE.
normalized atrophy of dentate gyrus and
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METHOD: An observational, cross- component of cerebral autoregulation
sectional study was undertaken where 55 (dCA) can be evaluated by measuring
infants(110 ears) with HIE and 30 controls relative change in cerebral blood flow to
(60 ears) were subjected to mono-aural rapid change in blood pressure.
BAEP testing following routine protocol
using acoustically shielded headphones Objective: Autoregulatory index (ARI)
after proper consent and ethical which quantifies dCA from 0 (no
clearance. Both cases and controls were in autoregulation) to 9 (maximum
the age group 0-12 months and were autoregulation) is used here to assess the
obtained from Pediatrics OPD. Unpaired effect of hypercapnia on cerebral
Student t-test was used and p-value<0.05 autoregulation.
was taken as significant.
Material and methods:Bilateral middle
RESULT: Of the 110 ears, 22(20 %) cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV)
belonged to HIE Stage I, 60(54.55 %) to HIE and continuous arterial blood pressure
Stage II and 28 (25.45 %) to HIE Stage III. measurement was done on 26 healthy
Absent wave in Grade I(n=22) were 0(0%), subjects (27.6 ± 2.87 years). Transient
in Grade II(n=60) were 18 (30%) and Grade hypotension was induced to assess dCA by
III(n=28) were 24 (85.7%).There was releasing thigh cuff after inflation for 3
statistically significant delay in Wave V in minutes and repeated with 3% and 5% CO2
Grade II and III. breathing. CBFV was averaged for 10
seconds’ just before and after thigh cuff
CONCLUSION: Absence of waves were release. ARI was calculated with Tieck’s
more in grades III and II compared to I. model.
There was prolongation of Wave V latency
in both ears compared to age matched Results: Sudden deflation of thigh cuff
controls in Grade II and Grade III, but not leads to significant drop in blood pressure
in Grade I indicating auditory pathway (11.8  4.69 mmHg, p<0.0001) for all
immaturity. BAEP may thus be used to three-breathing trial. CBFV decreased in
assess the neurological damage according response to blood pressure drop but
to the severity of HIE. recovered within 10 seconds after thigh
cuff release during normal breathing but
KEYWORD: Brainstem Auditory Evoked recovery was delayed and significant
Potential, Infants, HIE (p<0.001) drop was there during
hypercapnia trials. ARI values decreased
FPP-NP-47 significantly from (ARIR 5.46±1.47, ARIL
5.46±1.14) to (ARIR2.0±1.35,
Hypercapnia Induced Impairment of ARIL1.65±1.37, p<0.0001)during 3% CO2
Cerebral Autoregulation as Quantified trial and (ARIR1.64±1.09, ARIL 1.41±1.18,
p<0.0001) during 5% CO2 trial.
by Autoregulatory Index
Conclusion: Hypercapnia leads to
V Singh1, Shivangi1, K Prakash2, A Jaryal1
impairment of dCA which leads to
and K K Deepak1
decreased rate of recovery of CBFV. ARI
1 can be used as a valid measure to quantify
Department of Physiology, All India dCA and assess the effect of hypercapnia
Institute of Medical Sciences, 2Department on dCA in response to rapid change in
of Physiology, Government Medical arterial blood pressure.
College, Chandigarh
Keywords: Dynamic cerebral
Background: Cerebral autoregulation is
autoregulation, Autoregulatory index,
maintenance of constant flow over wide
Hypotension, Hypercapnia
variation in perfusion pressure. Dynamic
rd
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Results:Unpaired students t-test was used.
P< 0.05 was considered statistically
FPP-RS-48 significant. C-reactive protein levels were
significantly higher in exacerbated COPD
Study of C-reactive protein Levels in (26.8± 2.3mg/l) than stable COPD
(3.9± 1.4mg/l).
Stable and Acute Exacerbation Copd
CONCLUSION: C-reactive protein blood
Dr.Shivashankar, Dr .A. Santa Kumari
levels may be a useful biomarker in the
management of exacerbations appearing
Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad,
in patients with severe disease.
Telangana
Keywords:stable copd, acute exacerbation
Background:Chronic Obstructive
copd, C-reactive protein
Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common,
preventable and treatable disease that is
characterized by persistent respiratory FPP-RS-49
symptoms and airflow limitation that is
due to airway and/or alveolar Comparison of Pulmonary Function
abnormalities usually caused by significant Tests among the Athletic and
exposure to noxious particles or gases. Sedentary Individuals among 1st Year
COPD may be punctuated by periods of Mbbs Students.
acute worsening of respiratory symptoms
called exacerbations. C-reactive protein is Dr.T.Kiran Kumar, Dr.Shakthiprasad C
synthesized by the hepatocytes in Hiremath
response to inflammation.
Department of physiology, Karnataka
Objective:To compare C-reactive protein Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli,
levels in clinically stable and acute Karnataka,India.
exacerbation COPD patients.
Background: In the era of computers and
Methods & Materials: Data of serum C- internet, most of the young individuals are
reactive protein levels of 35 stable COPD not involved in regular exercises but
and 35 acute exacerbation COPD patients restricted to computer games and social
was collected from TB & chest hospital in media. This study was conducted to
Hyderabad and SVS hospital in determine whether this lack of physical
Mahabubnagar. activity had any effects on pulmonary
function tests.
Inclusion Criteria:Patients included in the
study were clinically stable based on Objectives: Comparison of pulmonary
having no exacerbation for previous 2 function tests among the athletic and
months. Staging of COPD was based on sedentary individuals among 1st year MBBS
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive students.
Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria using post-
bronchodilator FEV1% predicted. Material and method:The study included
50 subjects of both sexes of whom 25 were
Exclusion Criteria:History or presence of involved in regular and moderate level
tuberculosis, inflammatory diseases such exercise in various sports(Athlete group)
as malignancy, arthritis were excluded and 25 subjects were not involved in any
from study. sports and did not have regular
exercise(sedentary group). The parameters
rd
used as determinants of lung functions technique to assess lung function in COPD
were inspiratory reserve patients and in comparison to Spirometry
volume(IRV),inspiratory capacity(IC),forced for sensitivity and specificity.
vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory
volume in first second(FEV1),vital Objectives:The study was to undertaken
capacity(VC),maximum voluntary to (1) evaluate the clinical potential of the
ventilation(MVV) and vital index(VI).All FOT Technique in early detection of
parameters were recorded as per standard respiratory changes in COPD patients, (2)
procedure using ndd medzteknik USB to compare the sensitivity and specificity
spirolyser. of FOT and spirometric data and (3) to
check the reproducibility of FOT.
Results: The study showed that the athletic
group had better pulmonary functions Material and Methods: A total of 80
than the sedentary group with a significant individuals were analyzed: 40 healthy and
difference in VC (p=0.021), FVC (p=0.005), 40 suffering from COPD. The clinical
FEV1 (p=0.005), MVV (p=0.0008), VI usefulness of the parameters was
(p=0.004) among two groups. evaluated by investigating the sensitivity,
specificity and the area under the receiver
Conclusion: The study conducted shows operating characteristic curve.
the individuals involved in regular exercises
have better pulmonary functions than Results:Average FOT of COPD and Control
sedentary individuals. group was 199.93 ± 75.01 and 70.75 ±
44.41 respectively whereas mean FEV1 (%)
Key words: Physical activity, pulmonary of COPD and Control group was 55.29 ±
function tests. 19.42 and 92.11 ± 11.17 respectively. We
found significant higher specificity
FPP-RS-50 associated with FOT than Spirometry with
consistent reproducibility. FOT showed
A Study of the Use of Forced 97.5% specificity.The results of this study
Oscillation Technique in the revealed that FOT is useful tool for
detecting pulmonary function in
Evaluation of COPD Patients: Analysis
obstructive conditions.
of Different Parameters and Utility
Compared with Spirometry Conclusion: The results of the present
study provide substantial evidence that
Dr. A. Agrawal3,1, Dr. C. Rajput1,Dr. A. the forced oscillation technique can
Athavale2, Dr. D. N. Shenvi1, Dr. contribute to the easy identification of
L.Menon2& Dr. V.Nalgirkar3 initial respiratory changes that are not
detectable by spirometric parameters in
Department of Physiology1, Department COPD patients. FEV1% and FEV/FVC was
Of Chest Medicine & EPRC2, Seth GSMC & found higher in healthy subjects. FOT
KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Department Of value was more in COPD patients. The
Physiology3, D.Y.Patil Medical College, diagnostic method is intended for use as a
Nerul, Navi Mumbai diagnostic tool and not as a screening
technique.
Background:The ability to objectively
measure lung function in COPD patients is Key words: Forced Oscillation technique,
critical in the assessment and treatment of Spirometry,Sensitivity, Specificity, PFT,
COPD. We thus determined the FEV1
effectiveness of Forced Oscillation
Technique (FOT) as a non-invasive
rd
FPP-RS-51 and specific airway conductance were
measured using body plethysmograph in
A Comparative Study of Airway both the groups.
Resistance, Conductance and Residual
Volume in First Year MBBS Day Results: There was significant decrement
in pulmonary function parameters like
Scholars and Hostelites from Rural
FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75(p value <
Areas of Bangalore Medical College
0.001) and significant increase inairway
and Research Institute. resistance in First year MBBS day scholars
when compared with hostelites
Dr Bhanu Priya H1, Dr Kusuma Devi MS2 counterparts.
1
Department of physiology, AkashInstitute Conclusion: Results of our study showed
of Medical Science and Research that obstructive type of pulmonary
Centre,2Department of physiology, abnormality is observed inFirst year
Bangalore Medical College and Research MBBSday scholars exposed to automobile
Institute. pollution for longer duration.
Background: Literature states that Key Words:Airway resistance; Automobile

exposure to automobile pollution is a exhaust; Automobile pollution; Flow
proposed marker for future development parameters; Specific airway conductance;
of acute or chronic respiratory disease. Particulate Matter
Hence the current study was undertaken
with a view to investigate the effect of
FPP-RS-52
automobile pollution on pulmonary
function parameters of First year MBBS
day scholars.
A Study of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
among Sports Persons and Normal
Objectives: Healthy Adult Population
1. To record airway resistance, Dr. Graceline Margarat Lydia P, Dr.

conductance and residual volume in Nirmala N, Dr. Latha R
day scholars and hostelites from rural
areas (population <20,000) of First year Department of Physiology, Sri
MBBS. Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital
2. To test the hypothesis that there is and Research Centre, Pondicherry.
decline in parameters in First year
MBBS day scholars due to long term Background: Physical activity is known to
exposure to air pollutants after improve physical fitness and to reduce the
comparing 2 groups. incidence of Obesity, Hypertension,
Diabetes and other non-communicable
Materials And Methods: 100 Firstyear diseases.Regular exercise as in athletes
MBBS students were divided into Group A: produces a positive effect on the lung
50 healthy day scholars of First year MBBS function by increasing vital capacity and
residing in Bangalore for ≥5yrs. Group B: make them more fit than non-athletes.
50 healthy hostelites of First year MBBS
from rural areas (population Objectives: To study the PEFR among
<20,000).Pulmonary function test was sports persons and normal healthy adult
carried out, parameters like FEV1, FVC, population and their relationship with
FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were measured anthropometric and cardiovascular
using MEC PFT andairway resisance (RAW) parameters.
rd
Materials and method: 140 subjects Aims And Objectives:
comprising of 70 sports person and 70 1. The co-relation of the HbA1c with PFTs in
normal healthy adult population were DMT2 patients.
taken as the study population. PEFR was 2. The co-relation of the duration of the
measured using Mini Wright’s peak flow disease with PFTs in DMT2 patients.
meter. Height, weight, BMI, RHR, SBP, DBP 3. The co-relation of the HbA1c and
and RPP were recorded. duration of the disease together with
PFTs in DMT2 patients.
Results: Unpaired t test is used to find out
the differences between two groups. Our Material And Method:
study shows that PEFR is higher(p<0.001) The subjects divided into 2 groups –
and RHR(p<0.0001), SBP(p<0.0001), Group A: 50 subjects were apparently
DBP(p<0.0001), BMI(p=0.008) are found to healthy attending the OPD, having history
be lower in sports person which are of DMT2
statistically significant when compared to Group B: 50 Normal control individual
the normal population but RPP is lower having no DMT2
which is not statistically significant.
Result:
Conclusion: The study indicates that PEFR Respiratory parameters in cases and
is higher and RHR, SBP,DBP,BMI and RPP is controls
lower in sports person when compared to
PARA CONTROL^ CASES^ T value p-
control group and suggests that regular value
exercise produces a positive effect on the METERS (n=50) (n=50)
lung function by increasing the pulmonary HbA1c 5.16±0.46 10.03±1.10 -29.46 0.000*
capacities and also improves FVC 90.51±14.3 83.36±17.5 2.38 0.019*
cardiovascular functions by decreasing 3 9
FEV1 89.65±13.5 83.73±19.0 1.86 0.065#
sympathetic activity or by increasing vagal 2 6
tone. This emphasizes the need to change FEV1/FV 100.38±9.1 105.54±8.9 -2.80 0.006*
our life style and adopt measures like C 1 5
PEFR 85.12±17.4 64.24±19.4 5.60 0.000
exercises to improve our wellbeing. 1 3
* p<0.05
Keywords: Athletes, Exercise, lung
function,PEFR Correlation between FEV1/FVC & blood
sugar level in Case subjects
FPP-RS-53
SUGA FEV1/FVC TOTA Correlati
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function R 0- 81 101 L on
Test in Diabetes Mellitus Type2 (mg/d 8 - - coefficie
l) 0 10 125 nt (r)
Dr. Yesvant Singh Pal, Dr. Naveen Gaur 0
Department of Physiology, Subharti < 200 0 4 14 18

Medical College Meerut ≥ 200 1 8 23 32
-0.37*
Back Ground: There is an alarming * significant
increase in the incidence and prevalence
of diabetes mellitus in Asian Indians. It is Conclusion: All the respiratory parameters
estimated that 20 per cent of total are lesser in subjects with diabetes than
diabetic patients are in China and non-diabetics, Statistically significant
India.The important changes occurring in
negative correlation exist between FVC,
diabetes mellitus are reduced elastic
recoil, reduced lung volume, diminished FEV1 (P<0.05)&PEFR(P<0.000) and blood
respiratory muscle performance. sugar level in cases subjects.
rd
FPP-RS-54 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
To Establish Relationship between FPP-CVS-55

Duration of Exposure to Vehicular
Pollution and “Lung Age”, Among Physiological, Noninvasive
B.R.T.S. Traffic Wardens of Indore City Intervention of Periodic, Short Term
Elevation of Legs Benefits The Cases of
Dr Garima Shrivastava1, Dr Sumit Sinha Varicose Veins.
MD2, Dr Rajni Soni1
Dr. RS Sood,Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth
1
Dept of Physiology, MGM Medical
College, Indore[M.P.], 2Dept of Medicine, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital &
Apollo Hospital, Indore [M.P.] Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune
Background: Air pollution due to vehicular Background:Varicose veins occur in 10 to

emission impairs lung function in people 25 percent adults in India. Cosmesis,
exposed to it for long duration .This varicose ulcers & and occasional
impairment leads to discrepancy between complication of deep vein thrombosis are
chronological and actual lung age. Effect of major concerns. Treatment available is
prolonged exposure to vehicular exhaust compression stockings & surgery.
on lung age needs to be studied
Objectives: This study aimed to examine
Objective: This study aims to establish the effects of assisting venous drainage by
relationship between length of exposure periodic elevation of legs in cases of
to vehicular pollution on “lung age” of varicose veins.
BRTS wardens of Indore city.
Material and methods: Old adults (70 ± 10
Materals And Methods: 87 adult males years) with varicose veins, clinical score C4
aged between 18-50 years, working as in CEAP classification (test group) and age,
BRTS wardens, and 87 controls matched sex matched old adults (control group)
for same parameters are, assessed for free of varicose veins were taught and
their lung age through lung function advised to elevate legs for five minutes
measurement by computerized spirometer thrice a day for six weeks & benefits were
RMS Helios 401 recorded.
Result: Lung age increases significantly Results: Elevating legs induced subjective
among the cases who are exposed to relief of symptoms, decrease in density of
vehicular pollution for long duration (in telangiectasia, relief of skin changes and
years and in hours), compared to controls reversal of pedal edema.
Conclusion: Prolonged exposure to Conclusion: These findings suggest that

vehicular pollution cause early lung the simple physiological, noninvasive
ageing. intervention of assisting venous drainage
by periodic short term elevation of legs is
Keywords: Vehicular Emission, Lung age, helpful symptomatically and is also likely
BRTS wardens to prevent varicose ulcers by relieving
pedal edema.
Keywords: Varicose vein, CEAP

classification, Leg elevation, Physiological
intervention, Pedal edema, varicose ulcer.
rd
FPP-CVS-56 to distal circulatory arrest in both
dominant (0.23 ± 0.04 mm at baseline vs
Comparison of Low Flow Mediated 0.20 ± 0.05 mm during occlusion; p =
Constriction (LFMC) of Radial Artery 0.008) and non-dominant (0.23 ± 0.05 mm
between Dominant and Non- vs 0.19 ± 0.05 mm; p < 0.0001). Radial
artery of dominant arm showed a
Dominant Arms of Healthy Human
statistically insignificant trend of higher
Adults %LFMC corrected for shear rate in
comparison to non-dominant arm [0.47
Sakshi Sen, Smriti Badhwar, Dinu S (0.13 – 2.22) vs 0.45 (0.28 – 1.05)].
Chandran, Ashok K Jaryal, Kishore K
Deepak
Conclusion: Radial arteries of both
dominant and non-dominant arms show
Department of Physiology, All India LFMC in healthy human adults.
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Keywords: Low Flow Mediated
Background: LFMC has been used to Constriction, shear rate, endothelial
assess resting endothelial function in function, radial artery, ultrasonography
peripheral conduit arteries. However,
comparison of LFMC has not been done
FPP-CVS-57
previously between arteries of dominant
and non-dominant arm.
Comparison of Cardiovascular
Objective: To measure and compare Responses to Valsalva Maneuver and
percentage LFMC of radial artery between Lower Body Negative Pressure in
dominant and non-dominant arms of Healthy Subjects
healthy human adults.
Shival Srivastav, Ashok Kumar Jaryal,
Material & Methods/Procedure: 10 Kishore Kumar Deepak
healthy young adults of age range (18-27)
participated in the study. Edinburgh Department of Physiology, All India
inventory was used to identify the Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
dominant arm. Radial artery was imaged
by ultrasonography 10 cms proximal to the Background: Valsalva maneuver (VM) and
wrist joint using a high resolution linear Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) are
array probe. Distal circulatory arrest was used for autonomic assessment. Preload
produced using an occluding cuff placed reduction is the common underlying
over the wrist joint inflated to 250 mm Hg mechanism to both maneuvers. We
for 5 minutes after the baseline compared cardiovascular responses to VM
measurements were done. Diameter and and LBNP in healthy subjects.
velocity measurements were performed
using B mode and Pulsed wave Doppler Material and Methods: Twenty two
modes respectively at baseline and 30 healthy males (age = 26 ±6.29 years)
seconds before the release of occlusion. participated in the study. Continuous beat-
Percentage change in radial artery to-beat blood pressure and Lead II ECG
diameter during occlusion was also were recorded throughout the study. Both
corrected for the accompanying shear rate VM and LBNP were performed in supine
changes. position for 15 seconds at 40mm Hg and -
40 mm Hg respectively. Supine rest of 5
Results: Significant reduction in radial minutes was given between maneuvers.
artery diameter was observed in response The difference between maximum SBP
rd
post maneuver and minimum SBP during diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular
maneuver and maximum heart rate during diseases. Also the compliance of people
maneuver and minimum heart rate post for routine form of exercise for BP control
maneuver were calculated as Delta SBP has not been very encouraging due to
and Delta HR respectively. Valsalva ratio time, place etc constrains.
(VR) and Negative Pressure ratio (NPR)
were calculated as described previously. Aim: Therefore we conducted a non-
Unpaired t test was used for statistical randomised clinical study to determine the
comparison. short-term effects of isotonic handgrip
exercise by using smiley balls on blood
Results: Delta SBP was significantly higher pressure in healthy normal weight and
in VM than LBNP (56.5 ±30.67 versus overweight adolescents with the objective
29.19 ±10.86 mm Hg, p =0.002). Delta HR to find a user friendly exercise which help
was significantly higher in VM than LBNP in reducing blood pressure.
(40.8 ±16.62 versus 12.94 ±11.63 beats per
min, p<0.0001).VR was significantly higher Method: A non-randomized clinical study
than NPR (1.73 ±0.36 versus 1.3 ±0.19, was conducted on 100 young normal-
p=0.001). Seven subjects did not show a weight and pre-obese adults (50 Boys and
fall in SBP on LBNP while all showed a 50 Girls) in the age group of 18–25 years.
typical response to VM. Isotonic handgrip exercise was performed
at the rate 20 contractions/minute (2 sec
Conclusion: VM entails higher contraction/1 sec relaxation) at maximal
engagement of the autonomic system as intensity for 10 minutes using smiley ball.
compared to LBNP as evident by our data. Pulse rate and blood pressure parameters
The active effort underlying VM along with were tested at baseline and immediately
engagement of stretch receptors may be after exercise in post-exercise recovery
responsible for the observations. Further period.
investigation into this aspect may provide
information about operant mechanisms. Result: Statisticallysignificant difference
was observed in systolic blood pressure
Keywords: Valsalva maneuver, Lower and mean arterial pressure in both pre-
body negative pressure, Valsalva Ratio obese boys and girls groups while mean
arterial pressure in normal weight girls
FPP-CVS-58 after exercise.
Short-Term Effects of Isotonic Conclusion: We conclude that the exercise

Handgrip Exercise on Blood Pressure regime under consideration can produce
in Normalweight and Pre-Obese some short-term beneficial effects with
respect to blood pressure in especially pre-
Young Adolescents
obese group of adults.
Charmi Patel, Himshikha Pandya, Chirag
Key Words: Isotonic Handgrip Exercise,
Patel, Akash S Patel, Akash B Patel, Nilesh
Normal weight and pre-obese adults,
H. Patel
Blood Pressure
SBKS MI &RC, Sumandeep University,
Piparia, Gujarat.
Background: The adverse health

consequences of overweight and obesity
in India leads to higher prevalence of
rd
FPP-CVS-59 Data collected was analyzed using SPSS
version 23. Pearson correlation was done
Correlation of Stress and Blood Pressure to find the correlation between stress
(BP) Levels in Medical Students domains and BP levels.
Dr. Bharath T, Dr. Vijaya Vageesh Y Results: There was a significant correlation
between Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP),
Department of Physiology, JSS Medical ARS and GARS (p < 0.05 )
College (constituent college of Jagadguru
Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Conclusions: Among the six domains of
Mysuru-570015. MSSQ, .ARS and GARS have shown
significant correlation with DBP, same has
Background: Hypertension is a global to be addressed in medical education for
problem which can lead to cardiovascular the wellbeing of medical students.
and cerebrovascular complications.
Medical education can impose significant Keywords: MSSQ, Stress, BP
psychological stress on undergraduates.
Considerable degree of psychological FPP-CVS-60
morbidity has been reported among
medical students ranging from stress, Temporal Relationship between
interpersonal problems and suicidal Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and
ideation to psychiatric disorders and they Arterial Blood Pressure during
tend to have greater psychological distress Spontaneous and Induced Oscillations
than general population. Stress is one of
in Arterial Blood Pressure.
the factors known to cause variation in BP.
Maintaining normal BP is essential for well
Shivangi, Vinit Singh, Smriti Badhwar,
being of an individual.
Dinu S Chandran, Ashok Jaryal, Kishore
Kumar Deepak
Objective: To find out the correlation
between stress domains and BP in medical
students.
Material and method: BP was recorded
Background: Spontaneous and induced
using Sphygmomanometer, in the sitting
oscillations in arterial blood pressure (ABP)
posture after 5 minutes of rest (n=92).
are used to study dynamic cerebral
Three readings were taken and the
autoregulation. However, temporal
average was considered. The Medical
relationship between middle cerebral
Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) is
artery blood flow velocity (mCBFV) and
a validated instrument used to identify
ABP have been scarcely studied.
sources of stress in medical students. The
items in MSSQ represent 20 possible
sources of stress in medical students Objective: To investigate thetemporal
identified from the literature grouped into relationship between middle cerebral
artery blood flow velocity (mCBFV) and
six main domains: Academic Related
arterial blood pressure (ABP) during
Stressor (ARS), Intrapersonal and
spontaneous and induced oscillations in
Interpersonal Related Stressor (IRS),
ABP.
Teaching and Learning Related Stressor
(TLRS), Social Related Stressor (SRS), Drive
and Desire Related Stressor (DRS), and Material and Methods: Fourteen healthy
Group Activities Related Stressor (GARS). subjects (age 28 ± 4 years) underwent
recording of mCBFV by transcranial
rd
Doppler (TCD) and non-invasive FPP-CVS-61
continuous blood pressure (Portapres)
during supine restand duringoscillatory Comparison of Intraabdominal Fat
lower body negative pressure OLBNP at six Thickness and Serum Lipidprofile in
different frequencies (0.03Hz, 0.05Hz, Hypertensives with Normotensives
0.07Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.16Hz and 0.25Hz).
Temporal relationship between mean
Dr.R.Preetha, Dr.Muhil,Dr.Nachal
mCBFV and mean ABP was analyzed by
Annamalai
transfer function analysis for time lags
between two signals (at rest and OLBNP)
Chennai Medical college and Research
at each frequency.
centre, Irungalur, Trichy.
Results: The time lag between mCBFV and
Back Ground: Arterial Blood pressure is
ABP at 0.03Hz, 0.05Hz, 0.07Hz, 0.1Hz,
one of the vital sign which is an important
0.16Hz and 0.25Hz during spontaneous
predictor of health .It is a marker for
oscillations in ABP (at rest) was (mean ±
hypertension ,which is a major risk factor
SD) -4.63± 4.01, -3.26 ± 1.86, -2.47±1.12, -
for many vascular diseases .Hypertension
1.64±0.62, -0.66±0.23, and -0.22±0.18sec
is defined as elevated BP, that is a
respectively and during induced ABP
pressure that exceeds an arbitrarily set
oscillations was 4.32±5.37, -2.09±1.39, -
level of normalcy. Obesity has become an
2.11±1.398, -1.56±1.44, -0.73±0.21 and -
alarming health problem because it
0.20±0.21sec respectively. There was
accelerates atherosclerosis leading to
significant reduction in the time lag
increased mortality. Central obesity has
between mCBFV and ABP at higher
been shown to be a important predictor
frequencies (0.16Hz and 0.25Hz)
for metabolic disturbances including
compared to lower frequencies (0.03Hz,
hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia,
0.05Hz and 0.07Hz) during both
hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
spontaneous and induced ABP
fluctuations. Further no significant
Objectives: This study aims to compare
difference was observed between
the intra-abdominal fat thickness and lipid
spontaneous and induced oscillations.
profile of hypertensive and normotensive
individuals.
Conclusion: The results suggest that
changes in mCBFV fluctuations precede
Materials and Methods/Procedure: This is
those in ABP. This appears to be the result
a cross sectional study has been
of a feed-forward mechanism from central conducted in CMCH&RC with approval
autonomic network. Additionally, the from IRB and patients consent. It include
decreasing lag at higher oscillations in sample size of 45 hypertensive patients
blood pressure might be useful to and control group of normotensive
determine the cerebrovascular insults. individuals (men and women were
The feed forward adjustment of included with mean age group of 40. Mean
cerebrovascular resistance appears a BMI of 30 were included. Blood pressure,
safety mechanism in the face of fast fasting lipid profile by standard enzymatic
changing blood pressure. method and Intra-abdominal fat thickness
like SAT and VAT measured using
Key words: Cerebral blood flow velocity, Ultrasound technique for both study and
arterial blood pressure, Lower body control group. The parameters of lipid
negative pressure profile like serum total cholesterol, HDL,
LDL, VLDL and serum Triglyceride and
Intra-abdominal fat thickness were
rd
compared between Hypertensives and Statistical analysis was done using SPSS
normotensives. software.
Results:Independent t tests using SPSS Results: Wide prevalence of stress and

latest version showed that both anxiety was found with female students
abdominal fat thickness and lipid profile being more prone to stress. (p=0.017).
values showed significant difference 11% of students had measured blood
(<.0001) between hypertensives and pressure in pre hypertensive range, but no
normotensives. significant association was seen between
prehypertension and prevalence of stress
Conclusions: Abdominal fat thickness and and anxiety (p= 0.463). Analysis show that
lipid profile can be early markers of family history of parents having either
Hypertension. diabetes or hypertension also did not have
any association (p =0.284) with stress and
Keywords: Hypertension, Intra-abdominal anxiety of children.
fat thickness, Lipid profile.
Conclusion:Results show that females are
FPP-CVS-62 more prone for stress and anxiety. Factors
that induce stress are not related
significantly to either prehypertension or
Association of Prehypertension with
family history. Proper counseling should
Stress and Anxiety among Medical be done to assess the factors that induce
Students. stress and anxiety and remedial measures
be taken.
Dr. Sureka V¹, Dr. Abeetha.S1, Dr. Brinda
S1, Dr. Ganesh.M1, Dr. Poovarajan2. Key Words:Prehypertension, blood
1
pressure, stress, anxiety
Dept of Physiology, ACS medical college,
Chennai, 2Statistiscis professor, D B Jain FPP-CVS-63
College, Chennai.
Long Term Effect of Angiotensin
Background: Wide prevalence of pre-
hypertension among medical students is Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on
gaining lot of attention. It is considered as Vascular and Endothelial Function in
one of the attributive factors for stress Type 2 Diabetes with Newly
and anxiety. The task of identifying such Diagnosed Hypertension
vulnerable students and giving them
sufficient support is a major responsibility Prachi Srivastava1, S. Edmin Christa1,
of a medical teacher. Viveka P Jyotsna2, Ashok Kumar Jaryal1,
Dinu S Chandran1, Kishore Kumar
Objectives:The objective of the study was Deepak1
to assess the prevalence of
1
prehypertension among first year medical Department of Physiology, 2Department
students and to know the association of of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India
stress and anxiety to prehypertension. Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Materials and Methods: Blood pressure Background: Diabetes is associated with

was recorded from all student participants increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
along with details of family history of and this risk is augmented with concurrent
hypertension and diabetes. Students were hypertension. Vascular endothelial
given questionnaires for stress (Cohens dysfunction is known to be associated with
stress scale) and anxiety (GAD-7). diabetes and hypertension. Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are
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commonly used as first line therapy for the Key Words: Diabetes, Hypertension, ACE
treatment of hypertension and shown to inhibitor, Arterial stiffness, Flow Mediated
have effects on cardiovascular mortality. Dilatation, Pulse Wave Velocity.
Objective: To study the long-term effect of FPP-CVS-64

ACE inhibitor on vascular and endothelial
function in type 2 diabetes with newly Heart Rate Variability in MI Patients:
diagnosed hypertension.
Comparison of Single and Multivessel
Disease
Material and Methods: Sixty-five diabetic
patients with newly diagnosed
S. Edmin Christa1, Prachi Srivastava1,
hypertension (mean age 48 ± 6.5 years)
Ashok Kumar Jaryal1, Ambuj Roy2, Dinu S
were recruited for the study. Arterial
Chandran1, Kishore Kumar Deepak1
stiffness was assessed using Augmentation
index (AIx@75) and Pulse Wave Velocity 1
(PWV) [carotid-radial (cr), carotid-distal Department of Physiology, 2Department
(cd) and carotid-femoral (cf)] by of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical
applanation tonometry using Sciences, New Delhi
SphygmocorR.
Endothelial function was assessed by flow Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is
mediated dilatation (FMD) using vascular an independent non-invasive marker of
ultrasound. All recordings were done at autonomic control of heart. Lower HRV
baseline and after 3 Months of ACE predicts mortality in patients with
inhibition. Myocardial Infarction (MI). Multi-vessel
involvement represents a more serious
Results: There is a significant reduction in facet of MI, having a higher mortality than
both systolic and diastolic blood pressure that of single-vessel disease. There is
after ACE inhibition (p<0.0001). AIx@75 limitation of information on the
was significantly lower at 3 months as relationship between the two.
compared to baseline (25.7 ±10 Vs 21.2 ±
8.9 %, p= 0.0004). cr and cf PWV Objective: The aim of the present study
decreased significantly [8.7 (8-10) Vs 8.1 was to evaluate the relationship between
(7.1-9.2) m/s, p=0.002 and 11.4 (9-19.9) Vs HRV indices and severity of coronary
9.3 (8.4-11.6)m/s (p=0.01), respectively] artery vessel involvement in MI patients
after 3 months of ACE inhibitor treatment. from the ongoing Yoga CaRe trial.
cd PWV also reduced from baseline to 3
months (10 ± 1.1Vs 9.1 ± 1.2 m/s, Material and methods: Patients with MI
p<0.0001). Additionally, FMD increased were grouped into those with single vessel
significantly at 3 months of ACE inhibition disease (n=43, age = 49.33 ± 9.84) and
as compared to baseline (6.1±3.2 Vs multi-vessel disease (n=27, age = 51.15 ±
9.8±3.2 %, p<0.0001). 9.01). HRV was measured in all
participants with lead II ECG signals
Conclusion: ACE inhibition improves both recorded using standard techniques with
structural and functional property of the participant supine. LF power, HF
peripheral and central vessels in diabetic power and total power were calculated by
patients with newly diagnosed using frequency-domain analysis of HRV.
hypertension. This could be because of the SDNN, SDSD, RMSSD, NN50 and pNN50
vasorelaxation and vascular remodeling were calculated using time domain
induced by ACE inhibitors. analysis of HRV. All recordings were done
in the Autonomic & Vascular function lab,
rd
Department of Physiology at AIIMS, New Background: Tobacco smoking is the single
Delhi at 3rd week post MI. most cause of the preventable death
globally. Nicotine and other components
Results: Compared to multi-vessel disease of cigarette can produce profound
patients, patients with single vessel changes in the heart, which can be
disease have significantly higher assessed by doing electrocardiogram
parasympathetic activity as seen by higher (ECG).
SDSD (39.42±34.33 vs 25.11±20.52),
pNN50 (7.25±9.72 vs 3.10±5.59), HF power Objectives: To compare the ECG
(766.5±1243 vs 295.4±432.1), total power parameters among tobacco chewers,
(2336±2228 vs 1140±1164) and higher tobacco smokers and non-smokers.
sympathetic activity as seen by higher LF
power (633±737.7 vs 322.2±366.2). Material and methods: One hundred fifty
However, Single vessel disease group also healthy male volunteers who were the age
have significantly lower LF/HF ratio group of 18-25 years from outpatient
(1.60±1.68 vs 2.63±2.34) as compared to department were included for the study.
multi-vessel disease group. The subjects were divided into group 1
(control, n=50), group 2 (tobacco smokers,
Conclusion: The differential pattern of n=50) and group 3 (tobacco chewers,
HRV patterns following acute myocardial n=50).
infarction in patients with single and multi-
vessel disease involvement exists. This Subjects were asked to abstain tobacco
needs to be further correlated with other and beverages consumption 2 hours prior
autonomic function measures and neural to recording ECG. The subject’s vital: blood
pathways of autonomic nervous system. pressure and ECG parameter: heart rate,
This will help to identify the subtler neural QT interval, QTc (corrected QT interval)
mechanisms involved in the coronary were recorded in physiology lab of Nobel
artery disease progression. Medical College & Teaching Hospital. The
data analysis was done by independent
Keywords: Heart rate variability, student “t” test.
Myocardial Infarction, single vessel
disease, multi-vessel disease Results: The data analysis showed
significant increase in blood pressure on
FPP-CVS-65 comparison of group 1 with group 2
(p=0.001) and group 3 (p=0.001)
Comparative Study of respectively. The data analysis of ECG
Electrocardiographic Parameters parameters also showed decrease in QT
among Tobacco Smokers and Tobacco and QTc (corrected QT) comparing group 1
with group 2 (p=0.001) and group 3
Chewers
(p=0.001) separately which was highly
significant. There was significantly increase
Renu Yadav1, Soumitra Mukhopadhyay2,
in heart rate on comparison of group 1
Subodh Kumar Yadav3
with group 2 and group 3.
1
Department of Human Physiology, Conclusion: The study concluded that
2
Department of Human Physiology, consumption of either smoked or chewed
3
Department of Human Anatomy, Nobel form of tobacco affects cardiovascular
Medical College and Teaching Hospital, system.
Biratnagar, Nepal
rd
Keywords: Electrocardiogram, Abstain, Obesity was significantly associated with
Blood pressure, QTc hypertension among students in urban
schools.
FPP-CVS-66
FPP-CVS-67
Prevalence of Obesity &Hypertension
in School Going Children in Urban Measuring Postural Changes in Blood
Area. Pressure Associated with Ageing
Anuja Godre, Mohan Sagdeo Dr Kartheek R Balapala
Department of Physiology, NKP Salve Dept of Physiology, Maharajah’s Institute

Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla,
Vizianagaram, A.P.
Introduction: Increased arterial blood
pressure is a major risk factor for Objectives: To estimate the prevalence
cardiovascular, cerebrovascular & renal and symptom characteristics of orthostatic
disease with obesity. Prevalence of hypotension in apparently healthy people
hypertension in children has shown rising aged 60 years and above
trend ranging between <1% to 16.2% in
different studies. Design: Cross-sectional prospective study
Objectives: Setting: Residential population near

Nellimarla, Vizianagaram District of
1. To find prevalence of hypertension Andhra.
among school going children in the age
range of 13-15 Yrs. Participants: The study group comprised
2. To study obesity & its correlation with of non-hypertensive, non-diabetic healthy
hypertension elderly individuals of age 60 years and
above (n=60, mean age 65.4±5.7) and
Methodology: Measurement of BP was another group, healthy aged 30 to 59
with mercury sphygmomanometer in years age (n=60, mean age 37.4±6.6).
urban schools. Systolic blood pressure &
Diastolic blood pressure above 95th Results: Orthostatic hypotension was
percentile for the age, sex & height was defined as 20 mm Hg or greater decrease
taken as hypertension, between 90th and in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or 10
95th percentile is high normal. BMI>95th mm Hg or greater decrease in diastolic
percentile of age & sex taken as obese, blood pressure (DBP) within 3 minutes of
.85th -95th percentile taken as overweight standing from supine position. Two groups
& less than 85th percentile as normal. as OH positive group and OH negative
group were made of the available subjects.
Results: Among 248 students 138 were 7 out of 60 (11.7%) among the elderly
girls &110 were boys. Hypertensive were group reported OH, at either 0 or 3
4.1 %. Obese were 1.8%. Average systolic minutes after standing. Symptoms were
BP was 115.7 mmHg, average diastolic BP independent of OH recorded. BMI was
was 82 mmHg, average mean BP was 93.2 noted as 67% well nourished; 5% under-
mmHg and average BMI was 21. nourished and 19% overweight, based on
nutrition status.
Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension is
4.1% & obesity among students was 1.8%.
rd
Conclusions: Elderly population Results:
hadOrthostatic hypotension as a common
finding. Symptoms do not correlate with 1. In the study conducted over 100
the physical recording of OH by mercury patients with diabetic nephropathy and
sphygmomanometer. The results indicate background hypertension in Type 2
underlying disease process and usage of Diabetes, 74% showed ECG changes.
medications are major causes for 2. Amongst these most common was
orthostatic hypotension in the elderly and LAD(37%), followed by Strain
middle aged groups. pattern(21%), Old MI(12%) and
Blocks(4%). 9% showed QTc
Keywords: Blood pressure, postural prolongation which overlapped with
hypotension, orthostasis, elderly, young the above findings.
adults, symptoms. 3. 26% showed normal ECG tracings.
FPP-CVS-68 Conclusion: These findings suggest that

cardiac assessment is must for evaluation
Study of Electrocardiographic Changes of patients with Diabetic nephropathy in
in Patients of Diabetic Nephropathy of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with
Keywords: Electrocardiography, Diabetic
Background Hypertension.
nephropathy, Type 2 Diabetes,
Background hypertension.
Dr. RAVISH KUMAR SINHA
Dept. Of Physiology, Rajendra Institute of

FPP-CVS-69
Medical Sciences, Ranchi
Study of Some Cardiovascular Risk
Background: Type 2 Diabetes patients Factors among Tribal and Non-Tribal
with diabetic nephropathy and Population of 1stYear Students of
background hypertension have excessive Rims, Jharkhand
cardiovascular mortality. It is important to
know the electrocardiographic changes Dr. Bhaskar Saha, Dr. Poonam Singh, Dr.
occurring in patients of Diabetic Sandeep Kumar
nephropathy especially of Type 2 Diabetes
mellitus. Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences,
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Objectives: This study aims to study the
prevalence of cardiovascular ailments in Background: The study of the risk factors
Type 2 Diabetes patients with for cardiovascular diseases have always
nephropathy and background been a fascinating topic for researches.
hypertension and to help clinicians with The fascination may be attributed to the
screening, diagnosis and timely decision incidence of the diseases among affluent
making and also in future and ongoing populations. Some of the preventable
research. factors have been recognized and
established with only occasional note of
Materials and Methods: A resting dissent from some workers.
standard 12 lead ECG was done and data
collected over 100 patients attending Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of
outpatient and inpatient services in RIMS, some cardiovascular risk factors including
Ranchi. The study was approved by the different anthropometric parameters,
ethical committee of the institute.
rd
serum lipid profile and random blood Background: Magnitude of cardiovascular
sugar among tribal and non-tribal reactivity to mental stress has been
population of 1st year students of RIMS, positively linked to various disorders of
Jharkhand. heart and vasculature. Sex hormones have
been implicated to have an impact on the
Materials and methods: 101 students cardiovascular system.
were randomly selected and recruited.
Anthropometric measurements i.e. Height Objectives: This study aimed to study the
(Ht), Weight (Wt), Waist circumference reactivity pattern of cardiovascular
(Wc) and Hip Circumference (Hc) were parameters to mental stress in males and
taken. Body mass index (BMI) and Waist- females.
Hip ratio (WHR) was calculated. Fasting
blood sugar and Fasting lipid were Material and methods: 42 males and 35
estimated. females in the age group of 18-25,
satisfying the inclusion and exclusion
Results: 65.57% female students have HDL criteria formed the study group. Blood
value lower than 40mg/dl which is pressure and heart rate recordings were
statistically significant (p<.001).Pre- obtained from the subjects under two
hypertension is significantly higher in male different settings i.e. Basal and during
students. More than 20% of both male and mental stress test (MST) task. The results
female students have WHR above the were subjected to statistical analysis using
WHO cutoff points in which tribal male unpaired t test, with significance at P <
students (50%) have the highest risk. 0.05.
Conclusion: Prehypertension is more Results: Resting Systolic blood pressure

common in males though females have (SBP) was significantly higher in males (M
lower protective HDL cholesterol level. = 116.81, F =106.06 mm of Hg), whereas
Both male and female students have heart rate was significantly higher in
deranged WC and WHR in which the risk of females (M = 77.77, F = 92.62 bpm) and
cardiovascular/metabolic complication is Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) being
high. similar (M = 68.97, F = 69.14 mm of Hg).
MST produced increases in SBP, DBP and
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk, medical heart rate in both the sexes, but the
students, tribal, lipid profile, quantum of increase in these parameters
anthropometric measurement (i.e. Stress values – resting values) were
not statistically different between the
FPP-CVS-70 groups.
Role of Gender on Cardiovascular Conclusion: Gender differences were

Reactivity to Mental Stress noted in resting cardiovascular
parameters, but their response to mental
Dr Christina stress were similar.
Koppal institute of medical sciences, Keywords: Stress reactivity, Blood

Koppal, Karnataka, India. pressure, Heart rate, Gender
rd
FPP-CVS-71 Conclusion: The prevalence of
prehypertension among the medical
Prehypertension among Medical students of Indira Gandhi Medical College
Students and Its Correlation with BMI. and Hospital is 50.96%(male>female) &
there is a significant correlation between
Rana Kumar Hanish, Gharu Yuvraj, Kumar BMI and raised BP. Hence early detection
Rajender, Bansal Kumar Rakesh and intervention may prevent long term
co-morbidities
Department of Physiology, IGMC
Shimla(H.P) Keyword: Medical student,
prehypertension, BP.
Introduction: Hypertension is an iceberg
disease with high morbidity and mortality FPP-CVS-72
and is a silent threat to the health of the
people both in developed and developing Cardiovascular Response to Transient
countries. The root cause of hypertension Hypotension Induced By Thigh Cuff
may present since childhood. Excess Maneuver
adiposity is the single most powerful risk
factor for higher BP and contributes to V Singh1, A Roy1, S Mondal2, Shivangi1, D
more than half of the risk for developing Chandran1, K K Deepak1
hypertension. Hence early detection and
intervention may prevent long term co- 1
morbidities Institute of Medical Sciences, 2Department
of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical
Aim and Objectives: Sciences
1. To find prevalance of prehypertension Background: Transient hypotension

in medical students. activates the cardiovascular autonomic
response to maintain equilibrium. Various
2. To find correlation of prehypertension reactivity tests are employed to artificially
with the BMI. create hypotension and assess the
integrity of the autonomic response of
Materials and Methods: A total of 208 cardiovascular system like lying to
medical students were selected randomly standing and tilt table test. We assessed
for this study. Mercury thigh cuff maneuver as a potent tool to
sphygmomanometer was used to measure induce transient hypotension.
BP, Stadiomter for height & Excell
Simplified Digital weighing machine for Objective: To assess cardiovascular
weight. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 23. response to transient hypotension induced
P < 0.05 was considered statistically by thigh cuff maneuver.
significant.
Material and methods: Beat to beat Non-
Results: Out of 208 students, 96 were invasive blood pressure measurement
male and 112 were female. Overall, the were done in 26 healthy (27.6 2.87 years,
prevalence of prehypertension was BMI 23.82 3.16) subjects. Large size thigh
50.96% out of which males contribute cuff was wrapped around middle portion
(56.25%) and females (46.43%). We have of the both thighs and inflated to and
also found a significant correlation maintained between 180 – 200 mmHg
between BMI and raised BP. pressure manually for 3 minutes. Lead II
ECG were done to record heart rate
rd
changes during thigh cuff maneuver. 10 Dept.of Physiology, Adichunchanagiri
seconds’ window were averaged before Institute of Medical Sciences,
thigh cuff inflation, immediately before Karnataka.
release, after release and 1 minute after
release. Background: Overweight has a
considerable impact on spirometry
Results: No significant changes were seen variables, which are improvised by isotonic
from baseline (85.512 mmHg) to pre- exercise and diet regime – though the
release (85.513.3 mmHg) blood pressure combined effects have not been
even after 3 minutes of thigh cuff inflation. investigated and precisely proved as yet.
Release of thigh cuff leads to significant We hypothesized that programmed
(11.84.69 mmHg, p<0.0001) drop in exercise training improves the airway
blood pressure which was accompanied by trachea indexes (FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75), more
significant increase (15.4 8.98, p<0.001)) so if there is associated weight loss.
in heart rate. Blood pressure dropped
from prerelease to release. Both the Objective: The objective was to evaluate
parameters could recover within 15 – 20 the effect of dynamic exercise and dietary
seconds. There was no significant weight-loss program of 12 weeks on the
difference between prerelease and BMI and spirometric variables in OW
recovery blood pressure. adolescent boys.
Conclusion: Thigh cuff maneuver can be Materials and Methods: In this pilot study
used to effectively induce transient 20 OW participants trained on stationary
hypotension accompanied by baroreflex treadmills five times per week for
mediated increase in heart rate. Results minimum 30 minutes per session at 60-
were consistent among the subjects and 80% of MHR, and all were enrolled into a
can be used as a standard physiological calorie restriction program with1500 -
test to assess autoregulatory processes 1700 kcal /day, that continued for 12
during cardiovascular autonomic weeks. FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-
response.
75/FVC were measured using computerized
spirometer (BPL APREMIS 3.1) and
Keywords: Hypotension, Thigh Cuff compared with equal number of age and
maneuver, Baroreflex, Cardiovascular gender matched NW controls who did not
autonomic function participate in any sport or exercise.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Statistical analysis: Descriptive and

inferential statistics, collected data were
FPP-Ex.P-73 statistically treated using SPSS.
Impact of Exercise Training on Airway Results: BMI and all pre training baseline
Trachea Indexes (FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75) in parameters except FEF25-75/FVC revealed
Relation to Body Mass Index- An very significant difference (P< 0.001)
Indian Perspective between the two groups. Following 12
weeks of intervention, the experimental
Gayatri Bora, G.K.Sudhir, K.N.Narasimha group showed improved pulmonary
Swamy endurance of 16.2% and the pre-
(24.85±1.17) and post-training
(24.015±1.23) BMI were statistically
significant (P = 0.0350).
rd
Conclusion: Aligning diet with exercise measured by using handgrip
regimen may serve as a promising tool to dynamometer. Parameters were
reinforce pulmonary compliance, but compared among three groups using
further studies in larger population are ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni’s test.
needed to confirm these results.
Results: HGS was highly significant in
Abbreviations used : FVC – Forced vital sportswomen than in controls (p<0.001).
capacity, FEV1 – Forced expiratory volume HGS was significantly higher in swimmers
first second, FEF25-75 – Forced expiratory than in runners (p<0.05). HGE was highly
flow 25-75%, BMI – Body mass index, OW significant in swimmers than in controls
– Overweight, MHR – Maximum heart and runners (p<0.05).
rate, NW – Normal weight
Conclusion: Muscles of upper extremity
Keywords: Body Mass Index, Overweight, were conditioned more in swimmers than
Exercise, Diet, FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, runners. However, overall muscular fitness
Spirometry. was better in sports women than control
group, because of regular exercise and
FPP-Ex.P-74 training in sports women. Our study
strongly recommends regular physical
Profile of Muscle Strength and Muscle exercise for the control group females, to
Endurance in Sportswomen improve their muscular fitness which will
help them to lead a better quality of life.
Dr.Amruta Lagare, Dr. U.S. Zingade, Dr.
B.Y.Mali Keywords: Muscle strength, muscle
endurance, swimmers, runners.
Dept of physiology, RCSM GMC, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra. FPP-Ex.P-75
Background: Regular exercise helps us to Effect of Physical Activity on Blood

build up the muscular fitness i.e. muscle Pressure, Carotid Pulse and Reaction
strength and muscular endurance. The Time in University Students
final common determinant of success in
athletic event is what muscle can do for Sohini Paul, Aparna Sarkar, Harsh
the athlete. Various research studies have Chapprana, Yengkhon Ganapriya, Anand
been conducted exclusively in Yadav
sportsmenhowever, very few research
studies are available in sportswomen, Amity Institute of Physiology and Allied
especially in India. With this background Sciences, Amity University, Noida-Sector
the present study was conducted in sports 125, Uttar Pradesh
women who are swimmers and runners.
Background: Regular exercise has been an
Objectives: To assess and compare important part ᴏf a healthy lifestyle.
handgrip strength (HGS) and handgrip Researchers have been studying exercise
endurance (HGE) in control group, runners and its differing effects ᴏn the human
and swimmers. body for several years. It has been
reported thatexercise is associated with
Material and Methods: 30 runners, 30 enhancement in cᴏgnitive performance in
swimmers, and height- weight matched 30 younger as well as elderly population.
healthy female subjects of same age group Regular exercise not ᴏnly helps in
were studied. HGS and HGE were
rd
1
maintaining weight and physical fitness, it Department of Physiology, 2Clinical
can alsᴏ improve mental efficiency. Physiology Unit, St. John’s Medical College
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present Background: Skeletal muscle is a major

study was to observe the effects of regular site for insulin dependent glucose disposal
exercise (4 weeks training) on blood and protein synthesis. Insulin resistant
pressure, carotid pulse and reaction time states like type 2 diabetes leads to a loss
in university students. of skeletal muscle function due to
impaired protein synthesis, reduced
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A planned glucose utilization and increased fat
exercise protocol was followed for 4 deposition in the skeletal muscle.
weeks by 25 participants whose age
(years) 19.9 ±1.2, height (cm) 165.2 ±7.7 Objective: To compare lower limb skeletal
and weight(kg) 63.8 ±15.8. The blood muscle quality in type 2 diabetic Indians
pressure, carotid pulse and reaction time with healthy controls using isokinetic
of the participants was taken before and dynamometry and find the association
after the end of exercise. Paired t-test was with insulin sensitivity.
used tᴏ interpret the measurements ᴏf
blood pressure, carotid pulse and reaction Methods: 20 diabetics and 20 age -
time ᴏf participants before and after matched controls (between ages 18 and
exercise schedule. 60 years) participated in this study.
Isometric, isokinetic and endurance
Results: There was a significant decrease exercise were performed on lower limb
in the post exercise blood pressure and using isokinetic dynamometry and peak
reaction time when compared between torque was obtained. FBS and plasma
the first and the last day of insulin measures were used to determine
exercise(p>0.005). Carotid pulse also insulin resistance. All subjects underwent
showed a decreasing trend as a result of anthropometry from which appendicular
regular exercise. lean soft tissue (ASLT) was derived.
Conclusion: This finding of the present Results: There was a greater correlation
study indicates that participating in of isometric peak torque with ASLT among
physical training which includes cᴏ- controls (r=0.59, p<0.01) when compared
ordination and balance exercise has a to diabetics (r=0.46, p<0.01). Muscle
positive effect ᴏn the mental reaction time quality and fatigue index were reduced in
in the participants. With decreased the diabetic group when compared to
reactiᴏn time, there is imprᴏvement in controls (p<0.05) even though both groups
performance and imprᴏvement in efficient had similar mean BMI and ASLT. Both
execution ᴏf work in daily life. groups showed a negative correlation
between muscle quality and insulin
Keywords: Exercise, Blood pressure, sensitivity (p<0.05) but the correlation was
Carotid pulse, Reaction time greater among diabetics.
FPP-Ex.P-76 Conclusion: Skeletal muscle function

reduces in type 2 diabetics in comparison
Skeletal Muscle Function and Its with healthy subjects of the same age
group. Greater the insulin resistance lesser
Association with Insulin Sensitivity in
is the muscle quality, independent of BMI
Type 2 Diabetic Indians and ASLT.
Taniya Anto1, Sucharita S2
Key words: Insulin sensitivity, Skeletal
muscle function, Isokinetic dynamometry,
Peak torque
rd
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY progesterone,estradiol,
estroneandtestosteronewere
FPP-REP-77 estimatedusingspecific ELISA kits. Steroid
data wereanalyzed usingunpairedT-test.
Increased 17βhsd1, NotAromatase,
Resultsin Estrogenic Phenotypein Results:Weobserved ahigher(230-fold,
p<0.0001)immunopositive levelof17βHSD1
Secretory Phase EutopicEndometrium
enzymeand higher(p < 0.05)estradiol
ofPatientswith OvarianEndometriosis toestrone ratio, thusindicatingan increased
1 2 2 1
synthesis ofpotentestrogenin
Anupa G ,SharmaJB , RoyKK ,SenguptaJ , eutopicsecretoryphase endometriumin
1
GhoshD patients with ovarian endometriosis
ascompared to the control endometrium.
1 However, aromatase expression was3.7-
Department fold lower(p <0.0001)
2
ofPhysiology, DepartmentofObstetrics and ineutopicendometrium
Gynecology,AllIndia Institute obtainedfromendometriosispatientsthan
ofMedicalSciences, New Delhi, India disease-freeendometrium.No
significantchange was seenin 17βHSD2
Background:Endometriosisis enzyme. Othersteroid substrates,
generallyconsidered as an estrogen progesterone(p<0.001)andtestosterone(p<
dependentdisorder, butthereexist 0.005)were also foundto behigh
conflictingreportsregardingthe ineutopicendometriumofendometriosisco
involvementofsteroidogenic enzymes in mpared withthatinthe controlsamples.
estrogensynthesis and metabolismin
endometriumofwomen with Conclusions:Increasedlevelof17βHSD1butn
ovarianendometriosis. otaromatase
aswidelysuggested,putativelyresultsin
Objectives:Inthepresentstudy, we have higher17β-estradiolatthecellular
examinedimmunopositivelevels levelresultinginanestrogenicphenotype
ofsteroidogenicenzymes, e.g., inthe secretoryphase
aromatase,17βHSD1and17βHSD2andquan endometriumofsubjectsbearingovarian
tifiedsteroid substrates andproducts endometriosis.
ineutopic
endometriumduringsecretoryphase FPP-REP-78
ofpatients withand
withoutovarianendometriosis. Eutopic Endometrial Stromal Cells of
Patients with Severe Ovarian
Method:Eutopic endometrial tissueswere Endometriosis Exhibits Dysregulated
collected duringthesecretoryphase Developmental Potential In-Vitro
ofmenstrualcyclesfrom women affected
with(n= 10)andwithout(n=6)ovarian Jeevitha P, Anupa G, Sharma JB, Roy KK,
endometriosis.Aromatase, 17βHSD1and Ghosh D
17βHSD2
werelocalizedusingimmunohistochemistry Department of Physiology, All India
and quantified usingWestern Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
immunoblotting. Thedata
werestatisticallyanalyzed usingMann- Background: Endometriosis is considered
WhitneyUtest.The to be a benign estrogen dependent
tissueconcentrationsofsteroids, e.g., disease. However, epidemiological studies
rd
indicated that subjects with long standing Conclusion: The results obtained from the
endometriosis might develop cancer. present study suggests that the eutopic
Furthermore, previous molecular studies endometrium of women with severe
indicated of pathological abnormality ovarian endometriosis has increased
suggestive of neoplastic potential in the proliferative and replicative capacities and
eutopic endometrium of women with thus suggestive of neoplastic potential.
endometriosis. The cellular capacity of the
eutopic endometrial stromal cells from Key words: Endometriosis, endometrium,
patients with endometriosis to turn stromal cells, proliferation, replication.
malignant remains unexplored.
FPP-REP-79
Objective: The present study aims at
examining the functional characteristics of Comparative Study of Coagulation
the eutopic endometrial stromal cells
Profile among Normal Pregnant
during proliferative and secretory phases
Women and Pre-Eclamptic Women
of menstrual cycles in patients with severe
ovarian endometriosis in terms of their
proliferative and replicative potential. DR. BANDANA SOREN
Method: Eutopic endometrial tissue SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha

samples were collected during
proliferative and secretory phases of Background: Thrombocytopenia is the
menstrual cycles of women suffering from most common hematological abnormality
severe (stage IV) ovarian endometriosis. found in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.1It is
Control endometrial tissue samples were a strong indicator of severity of PIH.2This
collected from women without any indicates that there is an inverse
detectable endometriosis during relationship between severity of PIH and
proliferative and secretory phases of platelet count.3
menstrual cycles. The stromal cells from
the eutopic endometrial tissue were Objectives: To detect the severity of
isolated and cultured. The culture was hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
terminated after 48 h and the cell
proliferation rate using 5-bromo-2̍- Materials and methods: Coagulation
deoxyuridine (BrdU) and replicative indices including platelet count,
potential of the cell in terms of telomerase prothrombin time(PT),activated partial
activity using TRAP assay were determined thromboplastin time(aPTT) were
and compared with the control samples. measured within 24 hrs of admission for
50 women with symptoms of pre-
Result: The stromal cells in the eclampsia and 50 normal pregnant
endometrium of women with severe women. The patients with coagulopathies
ovarian endometriosis showed were excluded. Abnormal coagulation
significantly (P<0.05) increased indices were compared between the two
proliferative and replicative potential as groups.
compared to control subjects. Among the
cycle phases compared, proliferative Results: Yet to be declared
phase endometrium of women with
endometriosis exhibited significantly Conclusion: Yet to be declared
(P<0.05) increased proliferative and
replicative capacities, while secretory Keywords: Pre-eclampsia,
phase endometrium showed higher thrombocytopenia, aPTT
(P<0.01) proliferative activity in women
with endometriosis.
rd
FPP-REP-80 Key words: male infertility, nitric oxide
(NO), sperm motility, sperm viability,
Nitric Oxide Level in Seminal Plasma acrosome intactness.
and Its Relation with Sperm Motility,
Viability and Acrosome Intactness FPP-REP-81
Test
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess
1
Garg Vidya , Garg Shashidhar P 2 Quality of Life in Infertile Woman
Attending aQuaternaryCare Centre
1
Department of Physiology, S. S. Medical College,
1 1
Rewa (M. P.), 2Department of Forensic medicine, Dr Jayavardhan B , Dr Parwati P ,
1 2
S. S. Medical College, Rewa (M. P.) DrHarpreet K , Dr Sritha K
1
Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a free Department of Physiology, 2Department
radical molecule, produced by most cells of Psychiatry, JNMC, Nehru Nagar,
and tissues in the body. The effect of nitric Belagavi, Karnataka. 590010.
oxide on cells is concentration dependent.
Low concentration of nitric oxide is Background: Infertility is a severely
essential in biology and physiology of most distressing experience for many women.
of cells, but high amounts of nitric oxide is Health related quality of life is very
toxic and has detrimental effects on cells. important measure in clinical settings,
The role of NO in biology of male and therefore studying quality of life in this
female genital systems is under group of woman is very decisive.
investigation.
Objectives:This study aimed to assess
Objectives: The aim of this study was to quality of life in infertile woman with
evaluate the relationship of seminal depression and without depression
plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) with attending a quaternary care centre.
sperm motility, viability and acrosome
intactness of spermatozoa. Material And Methods: The study was
conducted at assisted reproductive center
Material and method: In the present of Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belagavi in
study, semen analysis was done as per a time period of one year. Ethical
WHO criteria. Seminal NO activity was clearance was obtained from institutional
measured by Cortas and Winkind method ethics committee. Mini International
by using spectrophotometer in infertile Neuropsychiatric Interviewand FertiQoL
men. questionnaire was administered in 100
women in the age group of 18-47 years
Results: Mean NO concentrations in who were diagnosed with infertility after
µMole/L were 30.42±8.99, 33.69±11.85 obtaining a written informed consent.
and 35.72±13.09 (p<0.001) respectively in
high motility, normal viability and normal Results:Depression of different severities
AI % groups, whereas it was 45.65±12.74, was found in 25% of woman, 23% of
41.24±13.66 and 47.75±10.79 respectively women with other psychiatric disorders
in low motility, abnormal viability and and 52% of women with no psychiatric
abnormal AI % groups. illness. The quality of life of women
suffering from depression has been
Conclusion: Data from current study affected significantly (p <0.001) when
suggest a possible role of NO in compared with women without
pathophysiology of male infertility. depression.
rd
Conclusion:The psychological implications Age, Gestational age, Gravida, Parity,
of infertility are easily underestimated and previous abortions, anthropometric
have been largely ignored. Updating measurements were collected from the
knowledge has become increasingly participants.
important for health professionals, aiming
for the improvement of the quality of life The blood investigations were conducted
of women confronted with a diagnosis of on pregnant women by collecting venous
infertility. blood sample in morning hours-8 to11AM.
The parameter measured in the study is
Keywords:infertility / quality of life / SerumTSH. If there is derangement in the
women / depression. reports of Serum TSH then complete
thyroid profile was done. Data was
FPP-REP-82 analyzed using chi square test.
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess Results: Out of 100 pregnant women, 13

Hypothyroid Status of Pregnant women were Hypothyroid (13%) and 87
Women at 12-16 Weeks of Gestation. were euthyroid (87%).During the study
period, there was no case of
hyperthyroidism during pregnancy.
Ranjani Kulkarni, Parwati Patil,
Shivaprasad S Goudar
Conclusion: Early diagnosis of
hypothyroidism can prevent the foetal
Department of Physiology,JNMC,Nehru
brain damage and neuro-intellecutual
Nagar,Belagavi,Karnataka.590010.
development of the foetus. In Indian
scenario, universal screening for thyroid
Background: The size of the thyroid gland
disorder is essential as there is significant
is increased by 10% during pregnancy in
increase of thyroid dysfunction in iodine
iodine sufficient and deficient countries.
deficient areas.
The range of Indian prevalence of
hypothyroidism in pregnancy is 4.8-
Key words: Pregnancy, hypothyroidism,
11%.The serum TSH levels>4.5μIU/ml are
TSH
labelled as hypothyroidism .The adverse
pregnancy outcomes of hypothyroidism in
pregnancy are increased risk of abortion, FPP-REP-83
gestational hypertension, megaloblastic
anaemia, abruptio placentae, postpartum Ocular Manifestation in Pre-Eclampsia
haemorrhage. and Eclampsia – A Reveiw
Objective: To detect rates of Dr. Nalini Jeyaprakash,Dr.G.Nivetha

hypothyroidism in pregnant women in 12-
16 weeks of gestation and hence avoiding Department of Physiology, Madha Medical
complications arising from hypothyroidism College & RI,Chennai-122.
in pregnancy.
Background: Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia
Materials and methods: After obtaining is a multiorgan disorder that complicates
institutional ethical clearance and patient 6-8 % of all pregnancies. It is one of the
consent, this study was conducted during important cause for maternal & fetal
the period of January 2017 to July 2017. complications.Ocular disturbance occurs
All Pregnant women of 12-16 weeks in 25% of patient with Severe Pre-
gestation confirmed by USG were eclampsia and 50% of patient with
included. The information regarding the Eclampsia.
rd
Aims & Objective: The aim of the studyis Department of Physiology, GMCH,
toreview the literature for the various Aurangabad.
Ocular manifestation in Pre-eclampsia/
Eclampsia and to identify the incidence in Introduction: Human semen contains high
these patients. concentrations of fructose and zinc. The
presence of abnormal levels of fructose
Methods and Methodology:includes and those trace elements may affect
scientific review of literature- Journals and spermatogenesis with regard to
e-Publications both national & production, maturation, motility and
international, focusing on Ocular fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa.
manifestation in Pre-eclampsia
&Eclampsia. The retinal changes were Aims and Objective: To evaluate the levels
classified according to Keith of fructose and Zn in seminal plasma in
Wagenerclassification different groups of male infertility and to
correlate them with count and motility.
Result: Pre-eclamsia &Eclampsia is
associated with retinal vascular changes. Methods: The concentrations of fructose
Spasm of Retinal arteriole,haemorrhages, and Zn and were measured in 100 semen
cotton wool exudates, retinal edema, samples from normozoospermic and
serous retinal detachment, severe macular oligozoospermic men using the atomic
edema were the common changes absorption spectrometry for Zn. The
observed. The glaring feature is the vast concentration of fructose in seminal
variation in the retinal changes in different plasma was determined with a
geographical area studied . spectrophotometric method.
Conlusion: Visual disturbances are very Results:The mean value of seminal plasma
common in pregnant women withPre- fructose concentrations was significantly
eclampsia/ Eclampsia. Any pregnant increased (p ≤ 0.001) in infertile male
women with visual complaints should be subjects (oligozoospermia) than in fertile
promptly evaluated. Govermental health males. There was an inverse relationship
programme should be targeted to high risk between fructose levels and sperm
area .Immediate transfer to tertiary care motility and count. The mean value of
help in saving the life of mother and the seminal plasma Zn concentrations was
baby. significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in the
infertile groups of male subjects
Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, (oligozoospermia). A good correlation in a
Ocular manifestation.spasm of retinal positive direction was noted between the
arteriole, retinal haemorrhage, retinal sperm count and seminal plasma Zn
edema. concentration. There is no significant
correlation between motility and zinc
FPP-REP-84 concentration in oligospermic men.
To Estimate Levels of Zinc and Conclusions: On the basis of the

Fructose in Oligospermic Male and observations of the present study, seminal
Their Correlation with Sperm fructose, zinc and may contribute to
fertility through their effects on various
Motility and Count.
semen parameters.
Dr. Jeenifer Begum, Dr. Sayeda Afroz.
Key words: oligozoospermia, fructose,
zinc.
rd
FPP-REP-85 Conclusion: The findings of our study
suggest that the increase in body fat
Correlation of Body Composition percentage is associated with depression
Parameters with Menopausal in post-menopausal but not in
Symptoms and Depression in premenopausal women.
Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot
Keywords: Premenopausal,
Study
Postmenopausal, Body fat percentage,
Depression.
Dr. Reema Gorte
FPP-REP-86
Indira Gandhi Government Medical
College, Nagpur (Maharashtra), India
Study of Reaction Time and Sleep
Background:There is an increasing trend Quality in Premenstrual Syndrome
of depression in postmenopausal women.
Recently changes in body composition and Prabhavathi K, Saravanan A, Thilip Kumar
depression in post-menopausal women G, Christopher Amalraj
has gained importance in the research
field. Department of Physiology, SRM Medical
College Hospital & Research Center
Objectives:The aim of the study was to
correlate the body fat percentage with Background: Women with Premenstrual
menopausal symptoms and with syndrome (PMS) suffer from insomnia and
depression in premenopausal and post- sleep deprivation thereby reporting
menopausal women. difficulties pertaining to cognitive and
psychomotor skill performance. Reaction
Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women time being the objective tool
of age 45 to 60 years and thirty measurement of their performance is
premenopausal women of age 35 to 45 assessed in our study.
years were selected for the study. Body
composition parameters recorded by using Objective: To determine the Reaction time
bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hamilton and Sleep quality in PMS.
depression rating scale (HAMD Score) used
to assess depression whereas Menopause Methodology: Thestudy wasconducted on
rating scale (MRS Score) used to asses 60 female nursing students aged 18-20
postmenopausal symptoms. years. The reaction time (visual and
auditory) was done using PC1000Hz
Reaction timer and the sleep quality was
Results: In postmenopausal women, body assessed using PittsburghSleep Quality
fat percentage and HAMD score was found Index (PSQI) and Insomnia severity index
to be positively correlated to the (ISI). The parameters were then compared
significant extent (r=0.384, p=0.036). in different grades of PMS, which was
Correlation between body fat percentage assessed using Moos questionnaire.
and MRS score was not significant.
(r=0.192, p=0.309). In premenopausal Results: Among the 60 females, 20 each
women body fat percentage and HAMD belonged to moderate, mild and absent
score was not significantly correlated. PMS (control) category. ANOVA was used
(r=0.146, p=0.440) and that between body to compare the reaction time, sleep score
fat percentage and MRS score was not and insomnia severity index (ISI) in
significant. (r=0.126, p= 0.506). different severity of PMS. There was a
rd
statistically significant difference between primary PPH by analysing the results
the groups with a p value of 0.001 each. obtained.
This suggests that, the reaction time, sleep
score and ISI was higher in moderate PMS Materials and Methods: 500 pregnant
when compared to mild and control group. women aged between 18-35years,
undergoing vaginal delivery at Mc Gann
Conclusion: As the severity of PMS teaching district hospital, Shivamogga
increased, the reaction time also were evaluated for hematological
increased, implying poor cognition and parameters (Hb, Hct, RBC, Platelet count,
psychomotor skill. Also individuals with PT, APTT, BT and CT) during their
increased severity of PMS reported a poor admission for delivery and on first
quality of sleep and insomnia which could postpartum day.
be the probable reason for poor reaction
time. Thus education on enhancing the Results: There was reduction in the mean
sleep quality may improve the quality of values of Hb, Hct, RBC, Platelet count, PT,
life in PMS. APTT and the results were statistically
highly significant (p <0.001). There was
Key words: premenstrual syndrome, rise in the mean values of BT and CT and
reaction time, sleep quality, insomnia the results were statistically highly
significant (p <0.001). The incidence of
FPP-REP-87 primary PPH was 14.8% as determined by
10% decrease in hematocrit level.
Assessment of Primary Postpartum
Haemorrhage by Haematological Conclusion: Laboratory analysis of
Parameters haematological parameters, being simple
and accurate method, has to be followed,
even during postpartum period, to assess,
Dr.Sneha K, Dr.Girish Babu M,
to take necessary measures and to
Dr.Manjunath ML
prevent primary PPH and thereby
decreasing the maternal morbidity and
Department of Physiology, SIMS,
mortality.
Shivamogga
Keywords: Postpartum haemorrhage,
Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is
visual estimation, hematocrit.
one of the leading cause of maternal
deaths in the developing countries and yet
is poorly diagnosed due to inaccurate FPP-REP-88
measurement of blood loss following
delivery. Lab investigations of Thyroid Profile and
haematological parameters being simpler Electrocardiographic Changes in Pre-
and more accurate will help in optimal Eclampsia
assessment and early diagnosis of
Postpartum haemorrhage. Bidyarani Loukrakpam, O Punyabati
Luikham
Objectives: To study the haematological
parameters at the time of admission for Department of Physiology, RIMS, Imphal
delivery and on
Background: Preeclampsia is a leading
1st postpartum day (12-24 hours of cause of maternal and neonatal mortality
delivery). To assess the incidence of worldwide. Abnormalities in both thyroid
profile and electrocardiographic changes
rd
in pre-eclampsia have been documented AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
in various epidemiologic studies. The
present study is therefore undertaken to FPP-ANS-89
find out the association of thyroid function
and electrocardiographic changes in pre- Assessment of Heart Rate Variability
eclamptic women visiting Regional in Parkinson’s Disease: Relation to
Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur.
Disease Severity
Objectives: To determine the thyroid
Meghashree Sampath1, Anjana Talwar1,
profile (FT3, FT4& TSH) and
Ashok K jaryal1 Achal Srivastava2, Vinay
electrocardiographic changes in both pre-
Goyal2, K K Deepak1
eclampsia and age matched normotensive
pregnant women. 1
of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical
Material and methods: In this study, 15
Sciences, New Delhi
pregnant women (gestational age >20
weeks) with pre-eclampsia in the range of
Background: Parkinson’s disease is a
18 to 45 years of age were recruited and
progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
compared with the equal number of age
Cardiovascular involvement is the most
matched normotensive pregnant women.
common complication. Measurement of
TSH, FT3, FT4 and ECG parameters of pre-
heart rate variability is an important tool
eclamptic women were compared with
in assessing cardiac autonomic
those of normotensive pregnant women.
dysfunction.
The data were then analysed using SPSS
software.
Objectives: To assess the heart rate
variability in patients with Parkinson’s
Results: Mean ± SD of TSH, FT3, FT4 ofpre-
disease.
eclamptic women have 2.156±0.907,
2.676±0.560,1.574±0.423 whereas that of
Materials and methods: The study was
normotensive pregnant women have
conducted on 25 patients diagnosed with
1.276±0.616, 3.592±0.509, 1.968±0.362
Parkinson’s disease and 30 healthy
respectively. ECG changes includes normal
controls. The heart rate variability was
QT interval in both the groups but
calculated from 5 min recorded ECG with
prolonged QTc (corrected QT interval)
the help of Labchart Pro 7 and nevrokard
were found in pre-eclamptic group.
software. RR intervals were computed and
analyzed in time domain (SDSD, RMSSD,
Conclusion: The study shows lower FT3,
SDNN, pNN50) and frequency domain (LF,
FT4 and higher TSH level in pre-eclamptic
HF, TP, LF: HF) parameters. Patients were
women than normotensive pregnant
further divided into group A (n=7) and
women and prolonged QTc in pre-
group B (n=7) according to severity based
eclampsia.
on Hoen-yahr scale.
Key Words: Pre-eclampsia, thyroid profile
Results: The mean age of patient and
and ECG.
control was 59.88±9.57 and 57.53±7.80
respectively. There is significant decrease
in time domain parameters – SDSD
(10.49(13.91-6.39) vs. 25.42(95.60-20.23);
p= 0.0001), RMSSD (10.48(13.89-6.38) vs.
21.99(30.14-16.52); p=0.0001), SDNN
rd
(8.77(14.76-5.87) vs. 24.86(33.04-19.82); arthritis. QTc prolongation has been
p= 0.0001) and frequency domain already well studied in RA, but there are
parameters- TP (501.8(778.4-271.4) vs. few studies regarding the status of cardiac
1048(1750-549.5); p=0.0005), LF autonomic function. Hence, we planned to
(83.4(162.9-53.02) vs. 277.2(473.3-152.4); study the cardiac autonomic function in
p=0.0006), HF (50.53(97.91-16.15) vs. RA patients and correlate it with the of
217.3(464.3-116.1); p=0.0001) in patients severity of RA ,if any.
as compared to controls. SDSD
(12.22(13.95-11.30) vs. 6.60(10.18-6.01); Objective:To study the QTc interval and
p=0.0468), RMSSD (12.20(13.93-11.28) vs. HRV in RA patients and to correlate the
6.59(10.17-5.50); p=0.0454) and Total severity of symptoms of RA with Heart
power (771.3(799.0-643.6) vs. rate variability (HRV).
315.8(506.3-120.7); p=0.0447) were
observed to decrease significantly with Materials And Methods: The study was
increase in disease severity. conducted on 33 subjects aged 18-60, 19
cases of RA, fulfilling the 1987 revised
Conclusion: There is significant decrease in ACR criteria and 14 controls. The cardiac
overall cardiac autonomic tone in patients autonomic functions were assessed by
with Parkinson’s disease as compared to measuring short term heart rate
controls. Further, there is decrease in both variability. QTc was measured by Bazett’s
sympathetic and parasympathetic activity formula. DAS28 and CDAI scores were
in group with higher H-Y stage than in used to assess the severity of RA.
group with lower H-Y stage.
Result:QTc interval (p=0.0013) and LF
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, heart rate (p=0.0139) were significantly increased in
variability, cardiac autonomic tone, time RA patients. Both CDAI and DAS28 were
domain, frequency domain. found to be significantly correlated with
low HRV parameters [HF (p=0.0183), TP
FPP-ANS-90 (p= 0.0176), RMSSD (p= 0.0064)].
Study of Qtc Interval and Heart Rate Conclusion: RA patients exhibited low HRV
Variability in Rheumatoid Arthritis (increased sympathetic tone),
prolongation of QTc interval and positive
Mohan Babu S1, Renuka Sharma, Arun correlation of severity of disease with
Gogna2, Raj Kapoor1 changes in HRV. Hence, our results suggest
1
Department of Physiology, 2Department that HRV is an accurate tool to screen RA
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical patients for early signs of autonomic
College and safdarjung Hospital, New disturbance, which can greatly help to
Delhi. reduce future morbidity and mortality.
Background:The risk of sudden cardiac Keywords:QTc interval, Heart rate

death is significantly increased in variability, Rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, QT
interval abnormalities and cardiovascular
autonomic nervous system dysfunction,
are commonly observed in rheumatoid
rd
FPP-ANS-91 Conclusion: This study suggests that
gender significantly influence the
Gender Variation Effect of cardiovascular responses to various
Parasympathetic Function Tests Parasympathetic function tests. On
amongst Healthy Young Adults comparison of various Parasympathetic
function tests amongst males and females
shows that females have lower
Shaily Verma1, Prashant Khuraiya2, Rajni
parasympathetic activity as compared to
Soni1
males of the same age group.
1
Department of Physiology, M.G.M.
Keywords: Parasympathetic function tests,
Medical College, Indore (M.P.),
2 Heart rate, Gender difference.
Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical
College, Indore (M.P.)
FPP-ANS-92
Background: Our cardiovascular system is
governed by autonomic nervous system. Association of Sympathovagal Balance
Since females have a lower cardiovascular and Biochemical Markers in High BMI
risk and this is believed to be because of Postmenopausal Women
the regulatory influence of oestrogen on
autonomic nervous system. Meena R1, Pravati Pal1, Dasari Papa2, G. K.
Pal1
Objectives: To study the variation of 1
Parasympathetic function tests in young Department of Physiology, 2Department
healthy males and females. of Obstrectics and Gynaecology, JIPMER,
Puducherry, India.
Material and methods: The present study
was carried out on 50 healthy female Background: Menopause refers to a point
subjects with normal menstrual cycles and in time that follows 1 year after the
50 healthy male subjects between the cessation of menstruation. These include
ages of 18 to 25 years. Various non- changes in cardiovascular system,
invasiveparasympathetic function autonomic dysfunctions like change in
testswere performed in males and during blood pressure, giddiness, increased
different phases of menstrual cycle in sweating etc. Sympathovagal balance is a
females that include Heart rate variation non invasive and useful tools to assess the
during deep breathing (E:I Ratio), heart health status of postmenopausal women.
rate response to standing (30:15 Ratio), Increased body mass index (BMI) can alter
Heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver the balance between sympathetic and
(Valsalva Ratio).The results were analysed parasympathetic activity.
using student-t-test.
Aim: To study the association of
Results: Our results shows that resting sympathovagal balance and biochemical
heart rate was higher in females than markers in high BMI postmenopausal
males but not significant (P>0.05). women.
Significant sex differences (P <0.05) were
observed in valsalva ratio, E:Iratio and Methods: Postmenopausal women with
30:15 ratioon comparing males with high BMI aged between 40-55 years were
different phases of menstrual cycle in recruited. Sympathovagal balance was
females. assessed by doing resting HRV for 5 mins,
BRS for 10 mins, in supine position and
rd
biochemical parameters were analysed Material and Methods: Time and
using SPSS 20 version. frequency domain parameters of HRV
were analyzed for 5 min beat-to-beat
Result: Significant alteration was found in series of consecutive R-R intervals in SCA
sympathovagal balance in association with (n = 49, age = 34.2 ± 9.5 years) patients.
biochemical markers in high BMI Volumetric analysis (by FreeSurfer
postmenopausal women software) was performed using 3T MRI in
SCA patients to determine the atrophy of
Conclusion: There was an sympathovagal brain areas. Spearman's rank correlation
imbalance with increase in sympathetic analysis was done between the HRV
activity and metabolic biomarker level was parameters and volume of brain areas.
found to be elevated in high BMI
postmenopausal women. Probable Result: Depressed HRV and atrophy of
mechanism could be due to increased brain areas were found in SCA patients as
level of adipose tissue innervated by compared to healthy controls. The mean
sympathetic neurons shifted the balance value of SDNN was correlated with the
towards sympathetic dominance. volume of the brain areas of left
hemispheres like cuneus (p = 0.040, r =
FPP-ANS-93 0.295), lingual (p = 0.035, r = 0.301),
medial temporal lobe (p = 0.027, r = 0.317)
Lateralization of Heart Rate Variability and few areas in the right like pars
Parameters in Spinocerebellar Ataxia triangularis (p = 0.043, r = 0.291) and
isthmus cingulate (p = 0.042, r = 0.291).
Patients
The mean value of RMSSD was correlated
with left cuneus (p = 0.031, r = 0.309)and
Dibashree Tamuli1, Manpreet Kaur2,
pons (p = 0.026, r = 0.318). While, the
Ashok Kumar Jaryal1, Achal Kumar
frequency domain parameters of HRV like
Srivastava3, Kishore Kumar Deepak1
low frequency (nu), high frequency (nu)
1 and total power (nu) were correlated
primarily with the brain areas of left
of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical
hemispheres like accumbens (p = 0.014, r
Sciences, 2Department of Physiology,
= 0.348), hippocampus (p = 0.031, r = -
VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital,New Delhi,
0.309) and caudate (p = 0.038, r = 0.298)
India
respectively.
Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias
Conclusion: In our study,HRV parameters
(SCAs) are heterogeneous group of
were found to be correlated with the
progressive neurodegenerative disorders
volume of atrophic brain areas of left
with autonomic failure. Neuroimaging
hemisphere. It seems probably left
studies revealed that heart rate variability
hemisphere of brain may have higher
(HRV) is associated with different brain
association with the modulation of
areas. But the lateralization in brain areas
autonomic tone in SCA patients.
concerned with HRV has not been
addressed in literature.
Key words: Spinocerebellar ataxias,
neuroimaging, heart rate variability,
Objective: We have correlated HRV
lateralization, atrophy of brain
parameters with the degree of atrophy in
brain areas modulating autonomic
functions in SCA patients.
rd
FPP-ANS-94 was found to be statistically significant (by
unpaired T test). Also time domain
Heart Rate Variability in Beta parameters such as RMSSD, NN50, PNN50
Thalassemia Major Patients and TINN were also found to be decreased
in beta thalassemia major patients as
Sneha M. Bhatkar, Surendra S. Shivalkar compared to control group and difference
was found to be statistically significant (by
Department of Physiology, Grant unpaired T test).
Governmen, Medical College, Mumbai
Conclusion: The present study shows that
Background: Beta thalassemia is a there is reduced HRV in beta thalassemia
hereditary haemolytic anaemia having major patients as compared to control
overall prevalence of 3-4% in India. group. This suggests that there is cardiac
Appropriate therapy for this disease autonomic dysfunction in beta thalassemia
includes a regular monthly blood major patients. Thus analysis of HRV may
transfusion. Cardiac complications are the be useful for early detection of cardiac
leading cause of death in these patients complications in beta Thalassemia
due to iron overload resulting in especially in the preclinical stage of cardiac
cardiomyopathy and hence cardiac failure involvement.
& cardiogenic death. This study is designed
to detect relationship between heart rate Key words: Beta thalassemia major, Low
variability (HRV) and beta thalassemia frequency, High frequency, LF/HF ratio,
major patients receiving regular blood Heart rate variability.
transfusion.
FPP-ANS-95
Aims and Objectives:
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in
a) To study Heart Rate Variability in Women during Menopausal Transition
Beta thalassemia major patients Period and Its Association with
b) To compare the mean values of Psychological Stress Levels: An
time domain and frequency Observational Study.
domain parameters of heart rate
variability in study and control Dr Nagalakshmi V
group
Department of Physiology, SDM College of
Materials and Methods: Present study Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad,
was a cross sectional type of study and Karnataka, India.
consisted of 50 normal subjects (control
group) and 50 patients of beta thalassemia Background: Peri-menopause is a
(study group). HRV was recorded in both transitional stage which occurs before
the groups with Medicaid Physiopac and menopause in which women experience
HRV analysis was done using Kubois myriad symptoms like hot flushes, anxiety
software version 2.1. & depression with increasing,
psychological stress levels leading to
Results: High frequency (HF) power in autonomic dysfunction.
normalized units was reduced whereas
Low frequency (LF) power in normalized Objectives: Evaluate cardiac autonomic
units and LF/HF ratio were increased in neuropathy (CAN) in women during
beta thalassemia major patients as menopausal transition period and its
compared to control group and difference
rd
association with psychological stress FPP-ANS-96
levels.
A Comparative Study of
Material and methods: Study includes Cardiovascular Responses to
three groups of women, group I: Autonomic Function Tests in Young
premenopausal in the age group of 25-40
Obese Men and Women
years, group II: perimenopausal women
without symptoms and group III:
Dr. C. Anithu1,Dr. R. Rajalakshmi2
perimenopausal women with symptoms in
the age group of 40-50 years of 30 in each 1
Department of Physiology, CHRI,
(total n=90). CAN was evaluated in terms
Kelambakkam, 2Department of Physiology,
of presence of resting tachycardia, loss of
JSSMC, Mysore.
sinus arrhythmia (DBD) and heart rate
response to Valsalva maneuver (VR) by
Background and Objectives: The ANS
electrocardiogram (ECG). R-R variation
helps maintain homeostasis. Cardiac
with respiration of >15 beats /minute was
autonomic activity is influenced not only
taken as normal, 10-15 beats as borderline
by gender but also obesity which is
and <10 beats /minute as definitive CAN.
increasingly prevalent among children and
Valsalva ratio of ≥1.2 taken as normal; 1 -
adolescents.
1.2 as borderline & ≤ 1 as definitive CAN.
If any two of them found positive, then
presence of CAN was confirmed. This study was undertaken to assess the
Psychological stress levels were evaluated Heart rate, QT and QTc intervals in
using standard women’s health response to cardiac autonomic function
questionnaire. Correlation between tests in obese and normal BMI medical
Psychological stress levels with incidence students and to know the gender
of CAN was assessed. differences.
Results: CAN is found in 27% of peri Materials and methods: 100 medical
menopausal women with students of J S S Medical College, Mysore
symptoms. There exists a formed the study group. Heart rate, BP, QT
statistically significant positive and QTc intervals were measured
correlation between DBD and VR immediately after and five minutes after
with anxiety depressed mood, well stopping isometric exercise as well as cold
being, vasomotor symptoms, pressor test.
somatic symptoms, and memory.
(p=0.000**) Results: QT and QTc intervals are in the
higher range in a population of obese
Conclusion: This study indicates that CAN subjects when compared with healthy
have a strong association with normal BMI subjects. There was significant
psychological stress levels in gender difference in QTc at baseline,
perimenopausal women. immediately after the tests of autonomic
function and after recovery in both the
groups. Hence, there is a positive
Keywords: Perimenopausal, Autonomic
association between the BP, QT interval
functions, Valsalva ratio, Sinus arrhythmia,
CAN. and obesity.
Conclusion: Regularhealth checkups in

clinically asymptomatic young obese
adults will help detect changes in ECG that
indicate potentially dangerous
rd
derangement of left ventricular activity Result: There was a relative bradycardia in
and thereby aid in early intervention so as the non-sedentary group (66.76+/-7.01) at
to minimise the long term pathological rest as compared to the sedentary group
consequences. (84.06+/-5.31) (p<0.001). Time domain
indices of HRV, meanRRI, SDNN, and
Keywords: ANS, Heart rate, Obesity, QT RMSSD were significantly enhanced in the
interval, QTc interval non-sedentary group (p<.001). Frequency
domain indices of HRV, LFnu, HFnu, LF/HF
FPP-ANS-97 ratio were higher in the non-sedentary
group than sedentary group but the
Comparative Study of Heart Rate difference was not significant (p>0.05).
Variability at Rest between Sedentary
Conclusion: Regular exercise increases
and Non-Sedentary Males between
parasympathetic tone at rest, which may
20-40 Years of Age.
contribute to the reduction in mortality
associated with it.
Dr. Rizwana M. Pradhan, Dr. A.D.Hatekar
Keywords: Heart rate variability, exercise,
Department of Physiology, Grant Govt.
sympathetic & parasympathetic system
Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of
Hospitals, Mumbai.
FPP-ANS-98
Background: Heart rate variability is a non-
invasive measure that reflects the balance Effect of Dialysis on Parasympathetic
of sympathetic and parasympathetic Autonomic Function in Chronic Renal
influences on heart rate. It is defined as Failure
the changes in the interval between
heartbeats (R-R intervals) over time. The Jayanti Mishra, Magna Magnareeka
adaptive responses of the cardiovascular
system to regular physical activity appear Dept of physiology, KIMS, KIIT UNIVERSITY,
to include a reduction in sympathetic Bhubaneswar, Odisha
activity and an increase in
parasympathetic activity during rest in Key Words: Dialysis, Parasympathetic
non-sedentary males. autonomic function, Chronic renal
failure
Objectives: This study aimed to clarify that
regular physical activity is associated with Introduction: Chronic renal failure affects
beneficial effects on the cardiovascular around 10–13% of the general population,
system using short term heart rate with a sizeable proportion in end stage
variability testing. renal disease on dialysis. It is well
documented that such patients have an
Materials and methods: In a cross- extremely high risk of developing
sectional design, 30 individuals who cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction as
exercised at least 5 days/week for 45 compared to the general population.
min/day or more were compared with age Studies in the past have revealed
and gender matched sedentary controls. autonomic dysfunction in chronic renal
Medicaid Physiopac was used for studying failure. However there is scarce evidence
5min HRV. HRV analysis was done using to suggest the beneficial role of dialysis on
KUBOIS software VERSION 2.1.Data was the cardiac autonomic functions.
analyzed using Student’s T-test. Moreover parasympathetic innervations of
Significance of p value was taken as 0.05. heart takes upper hand.
rd
Aims And Objectives: The present study markers of autonomic functions in young
was therefore taken up to look into the adults.
post dialysis improvement in
parasympathetic cardiac autonomic Objective: To study the effect of listening
functions taking slow deep breathing, to Indian classical instrumental music on
Valsalva ratio and 30:15 ratios as tools. autonomic function tests in young healthy
adults.
Materials And Methods: Autonomic
functions were evaluated in 15 patients Materials and method: 60 young adults of
undergoing dialysis twice a week. Subjects either sex aged between 17-22 years were
were assessed before and after one hour randomly divided into two equal groups,
of hemodialysis. Autonomic function tests Cases (Musical) and Controls (nonmusic).
like heart rate response to slow deep The participants in cases were made to
breathing (SDB), Valsalva Ratio (VR), and listen, a preselected Indian classical
30:15 ratios were studied by using the instrumental music for 30 minutes in
CANWIN analyzer of genesis medical morning for 4 days in a week for six weeks.
systems. Results were statistically The parameters assessed were basal heart
analyzed rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure
and frequency domain parameters of HRV
Results: There was a significant difference in both the groups. Parameters were
in heart rate response to SDB and VR with analysed before and after 6 weeks of
improvement in the mean values post study. Data was analysed by SPSS version
dialysis as compared to predialysis mean 23. P<0.05 was considered statistically
values.P<0.05) whereas 30:15 ratio did not significant.
show statistically significant difference
after dialysis. Results: Mean value of LF/HF ratio at
baseline and after six weeks was 0.67±
FPP-ANS-99 0.377 & 1.10±1.00 respectively whereas of
controls 0.97± 0.78 & 1.21±1.19. P value
Effect of Indian Classical Instrumental for cases was 0.010 and for controls was
Music on Autonomic Function Tests in 0.336.
Young Healthy Adults
Conclusion: The LF/HF ratio was significant
Bansal R K, Gharu Yuvraj, Rathore Monia, in cases and not in controls which shows
Kumar Rajender that listening to Indian classical music has
effect towards sympathetic activity. Thus
Department of Physiology, IGMC Shimla, study shows the possibility that classical
H.P. music may have a sympathetic effect, as
on LF/HF ratio, the autonomic balance
Background: The stress in young adults is shifts towards the sympathetic tone.
associated with concerns about mastering
knowledge, personal endurance and lack Key words: Autonomic balance, heart rate
of time for other activities. This study had variability, music
been designed to assess the effect of
music on heart rate variability (HRV) as
rd
FPP-ANS-100 and -0.57 respectively, p < 0.001). HF
systolic BPV showed a significant positive
Association between Cardiac correlation with HFHRV (r = 0.52, p <
Autonomic Tone and Baroreflex 0.001).
Sensitivity in Patients with Recent
Conclusion: The results suggest that high
Myocardial Infarction
frequency oscillations in BPV might be
modulated both by feed-forward coupling
Smriti Badhwar1, Kavita Yadav1, Dinu S
through heart rate and feedback control
Chandran1, Ashok K Jaryal1, Rajiv Narang2,
through baroreflex in patients with MI.
Chetan Patel3, Kishore Kumar Deepak1
1 Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, Heart

rate variability, blood pressure variability,
of Cardiology, 3Department of Nuclear
barorelfex sensitivity
Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi
Background: Baroreflex is known to buffer

FPP-ANS-101
low frequency (LF) oscillations in blood
pressure by inducing changes in the heart Reliability of Peak Baroreflex
rate. Both cardiac autonomic tone and Response Latency as a Novel Method
Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS) decrease after for Cardiac Autonomic Function
myocardial infarction (MI) and are Assessment.
independently associated with increased
morbidity and mortality after MI. Kamble PH, Sharma RK, Singhal AS, Singh
However, the association between BRS, YR, Mavai M, Ravichandran S, Shrivastava
Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) and Heart N.
Rate Variability (HRV) is not established in
patients with recent MI. Department of Physiology, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur.
Objective: The aim of this study was to
identify the associations between BRS, Background: The arterial baroreflex
BPV and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in mechanism is a physiological control
patients with recent MI. system which maintains the mean arterial
blood pressure within a normal limit. The
Material and methods: Forty-five patients effectiveness of any control system
with recent (≤6 months) MI (mean age depends upon 2 variables: magnitude and
54.7 ± 9.5) were recruited for the study. latency. Present day, cardiovascular
Beat-to-best blood pressure using autonomic testing is mainly based on
Portapres® with simultaneous recording of magnitude of peak heart rate / blood
Lead II ECG was done to calculate the BRS, pressure changes to certain physiological
HRV and BPV. stimuli; but little or no attention is given to
the latency. Bradycardia & tachycardia
Results: A significant positive correlation latency is the minimum time required to
was observed between HF HRV and alpha achieve peak response. We had studied
HF of BRS (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Additionally, latency of peak baroreflex response for
HRV SDSD and pNN50 significantly early diagnosis of diabetic autonomic
correlated with alpha HF (r = 0.73 and 0.67 neuropathy and results are promising; but
respectively, p <0.0001 and systolic all-BRS it’s reliability needs to be tested.
(r = 0.70 and 0.69 respectively, p <0.0001).
Alpha HF and all BRS showed a negative Objective: We sought to study the
correlation with HF systolic BPV (r = -0.49 reliability of latency parameter as a novel
rd
method for cardiovascular autonomic prevalence of 1–3%. The chronic
function assessment. inflammatory nature of psoriasis is also
thought to predispose patients to other
Material and method: Study was comorbidities, the most notable being
conducted on 30 healthy subjects in the cardiovascular disease. Recently, psoriasis
age group 25-35 years in the Autonomic is considered to an independent risk factor
function laboratory, AIIMS, Jodhpur. Using for cardiovascular disease. The
a standard protocol, baseline HRV was cardiovascular disease is associated with
assessed, followed by Lying to standing autonomic dysfunction. Cardiovascular
the test (LST) and Valsalva maneuver autonomic function assessment serves in
(VM). The bradycardia and tachycardia risk stratification.
latencies were measured for LST and VM.
Then the HRV, LST and VM were repeated Objective: The study was conducted to
in each individual after 30 minutes and 3 assess the cardiovascular autonomic
days. reactivity in the patients with psoriasis
vulgaris.
Result: The mean values of tachycardia
and bradycardia latencies after LST and Methods: It was an analytical cross-
VM at baseline, after 30 minutes and on sectional study conducted in the
the 3rd day did not show a significant Autonomic lab, Department of Physiology,
difference. The percent change in these 3 JIPMER. Forty male psoriasis vulgaris
readings was less than 20% of baseline. patients in the age group of 18 – 45 years
were recruited from the Out Patient
Conclusion: Peak bradycardia and Department of Dermatology, JIPMER and
tachycardia latencies after acute 40 healthy age, gender and BMI matched
baroreflex response shows good reliability. volunteers were recruited as controls.
Further, large population studies are Body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular
required to prove its diagnostic parameters such as basal heart rate (BHR),
applicability. systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic
blood pressure (DBP) were measured.
Keywords: Tachycardia latency, Cardiovascular autonomic reactivity tests
Bradycardia latency, Cardiac autonomic were done and heart rate and blood
function assessment, Valsalva maneuver, response to standing (30:15 ratio), deep
lying to standing test. breathing (E:I ratio) and isometric
handgrip (ΔDBPihg) were assessed.
FPP-ANS-102
Results: Both the groups were of
Assessment of Cardiovascular comparable age group and BMI. SBP and
Autonomic Function Tests in Patients DBP was significantly high (P<0.001,
P<0.01 respectively) in psoriasis patients
with Psoriasis Vulgaris
compared to controls. 30:15 ratio and E:I
ratio were significantly decreased
Saranya K1, Velkumary S1., G. K. Pal1, D.
(P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively) and ΔDBPihg
M. Thappa2, Rajathi R1
was increased significantly (P<0.001) in
1 psoriasis patients.
of Dermatology, JIPMER
Conclusion: We conclude that psoriasis
patients have altered cardiovascular
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic
autonomic modulation in the form of
immune-inflammatory-mediated
hyperproliferative skin disorder with a
rd
increased sympathetic reactivity and Results:
decreased parasympathetic reactivity.
HRV After doing After doing
Key words: Psoriasis vulgaris, autonomic frequency moderate moderate
dysfunction, sympathetic reactivity, parameters exercise exercise
parasympathetic reactivity, Cardiovascular without while
risk music listening to
preferential
FPP-ANS-103 (Mean ± SD) relaxing
music track
Effect of Preferential Relaxing Music
on Exercise Induced Changes in Heart (Mean ± SD)
Rate Variability- An Experimental LF* 86.85 ± 1.71 86.76 ± 4.26
Study on Healthy Young Adults.
Tolani PH, Phatak MS HF* 13.15 ± 1.71 13.24 ± 4.26

LF/HF* 7.77 ± 1.10 6.74 ± 4.39
Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College,
Nagpur. *(p value > 0.05).
Background: Auditory stimulation with Conclusion: Thus, preferential relaxing

music has been investigated as a therapy music improves post exercise (stress)
to prevent cardiovascular disorders and/or cardiovascular activity. Statistically not
improve cardiac function. The autonomic significant results may be due to less
nervous system may serve as one path by sample size.
which music exerts its therapeutic effect,
which can be explored by the assessment Keywords: Music therapy, Heart Rate
of heart rate variability-a non-invasive Variability, Exercise, Stress, Autonomic
method for investigation of the ANS that Function Test, ECG
describes the fluctuations in the intervals
between consecutive heartbeats (RR FPP-ANS-104
intervals), which are indicated to influence
the sinus node. Characterization of the Comparison of Heart Rate Variability
cardiac autonomic responses to musical
between Athletes and Non-Athletes
auditory stimulus during stress (exercise)
Using Poincare Plot
would contribute to the design of future
therapies in order to prevent the
Vivek Kumar Sharma1,Senthil Kumar
development of cardiovascular disorders.
Subramanian2, Vinayathan A3, Rajathi. R1
Objectives: The present study would aim 1
Department of Physiology, JIPMER,
to gauge the effects of preferential music 2
Department of Physiology, Pondicherry
on exercise induced changes in HRV.
Institute of Medical Sciences,3Jawahar
Navodaya Vidyalaya,Puducherry, India
Material and methods: HRV was done in
30 young healthy adults (Mean Age in
Background:Linear measurements of
years = 19.97 ± 2.56) without music and
heart rate variability is highly dependent
after listening to their preferred relaxing
on the basal heart rate. Further, heart rate
music with exercise as an intervention.
dynamics is nonlinear and non-linear
analysis of Heart rate variability is sparse.
rd
Objective: The objective of the study is to Key words: athletes, non-athletes, HRV,
analyse Heart rate variability in athletes Poincare plot
and non-athletes using nonlinear method.
FPP-ANS-105
Materials and methods: The subjects
were volunteer school students in the age The Study of Autonomic Dysfunction
group of 12-17 years from a residential in Parkinson’s Disease by Head Up Tilt
school Jawahar Navodya Vidyalaya, Test: A Cross Sectional Study
kalapet, Puducherry. 5 min ECG was
recorded using wireless heart rate monitor
Dr Raksha Jaipurkar1,Dr Latika
– Bioharness 3 after 5 minutes of supine
Mohan2,Col RKS Tomar3,
rest. RR intervals were retrieved and
ectopics were removed manually. 1
Dept of Physiology and Exercise
Physiology, Institute of Naval Medicine,
The Poincare plot was plotted using the
INHS Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 2Dept
software from Biomedical signal analysis
of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical
group, version 1.1 (Kuopio, Finland).
Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 358
Poincare plot is a visual presentation of
Forward Medical Stores Depot, Basistha,
time series signal.
Guwahati, Assam
It is a two‑ dimensional graphic
Background: Autonomic failure is an
representation of the correlation between
integral component of Parkinson’s disease
consecutive RR intervals, in which each
(PD), and symptoms of autonomic
interval is plotted against the following
dysfunction affect the quality of life. Most
interval. The quantitative analysis is done
of the previous studies used
by fitting an ellipse to the shape formed by
methodologies that focused on the cardiac
the plot and measure the dispersion along
autonomic profile and were unable to
the major and minor axis of the ellipse.
evaluate both the sympathetic vasomotor
and cardiac control during dynamic
Results: Both SD 1 which denotes short conditions.
term variability was significantly more in
the athletes than in non-athletes in males
This study is designed to evaluate
(boys (n=30): athletes -59.13±25.57, non-
autonomic cardiovascular disturbances in
athletes -45.48±24.82, p value = 0.037).
patients with PD by comparing the
and in females it was non-significantly
spectral profile of heart rate variability
higher (Female (n=30): athletes -
(HRV) and blood pressure to orthostatic
64.04±24.25, non-athletes -53.04±20.19, p
challenges using head up-tilt test (HUTT).
value = 0.061). SD 2 which denotes long
term variability was significantly more in
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we
the athletes than in non-athletes of either
gender (. (Female (n=30): athletes have compared the cardiovascular
102.39±33.76, non-athletes -85.34±31.82, parameters during orthostatic challenge of
p value = 0.049; (Male (n=30): athletes - 31 patients with PD and age and gender-
99.91±35.76, non-athletes -80.34±34.82, p matched healthy individuals using HUTT.
value = 0.036)) Continuous lead II ECG along with BP
recorded every 2 min in patients with PD
Conclusion: Athletes have higher heart and control group during HUTT for 10 min
rate variability analysed using a nonlinear in supine, 45 min in 70o tilt and again 10
Poincare plot method irrespective of min in supine position which were later
gender.
analyzed using Biopac software for
rd
HRV.Data were expressed as mean Objectives: Assess and compare short-
standard deviation (SD). term heart rate variability for each
somatotype category in adolescents.
Results: All patients with PD had
symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. Material & Methods: The study was
There was no significant difference in the conducted in Department of Physiology,
supine cardiovascular and HRV parameters JIPMER, Puducherry in collaboration with
between patients with PD and control Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV), a rural
group. Patients with PD showed a blunted residential school in Puducherry after
response for the cardiovascular and HRV getting approval from JIPMER ethics
parameters after 5 min of 70o tilt as committee for human studies. Volunteer
compared to healthy individuals. adolescents in the age group of 12-17
years (n=220; 129 boys and 91 girls) were
Conclusions: Patients with PD show classified into a different somatotyping
autonomic symptoms; and cardiovascular category based on Heath Carter
autonomic dysfunction, which becomes somatotyping method. Short term HRV
obvious only during stress. was recorded using wireless BioHarness
3.0.3.
FPP-ANS-106
Results: Based on time domain and
Assessment of Heart Rate Variability frequency domain parameters,
of Different Somatotype Category parasympathetic activity showed
amongst Scholar Adolescents decreasing order as follows central>
ectomorphy> mesomorphy >
VK Sharma1, SK Subramanian2, A endomorphy, while sympathetic activity
Vinayathan3, R Rajathi1, R Sarah4 showed increasing order as follows
central< ectomorphy< mesomorphy <
1
Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal endomorphy in both boys and girls. Girls
Institute of Postgraduate Medical have higher parasympathetic activity and
Education and Research, Pondicherry, lesser sympathetic activity than boys in
India, 2
Department of Physiology, Ectomorphy and mesomorphy. In central
Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, somatotype and Endomorphy category,
Pondicherry, India, 3Principal, Jawahar genders were comparable.
Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kalapet, Pondicherry,
India, 4Assistant Professor, 4Department Conclusion: Our study gives normative
of Anatomy, Pondicherry Institute of short-term HRV data for different
Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India categories of healthy adolescents.
Background: A somatotype is a quantified Keywords: Somatotype, Heart rate

expression of the present morphological variability, Adolescents.5. Keywords: 6-8
conformation of a person. Adolescence is Keywords
a crucial period in which growth speeds
up, and the body composition begins to
differ between boys and girls.
Cardiovascular risk varies with the
somatotype category.
rd
METABOLIC PHYSIOLOGY fasting/post prandial glucose level, Body
weight.
FPP-MEP-107
FPP-MEP-108
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Insulin
Resistence and Lipid Profile Hypothyroidism and Altered Lipid
Profile
Dr Shilpa, Dr Shaktiprasad
Dr. Vishalaxi Jadhav, Dr. Shaktiprasad
Department of physiology, Karnataka Hiremath.
Institute of Medical Sciences.
Department of physiology, KIMS, Hubli.
Background: Fasting during Ramadan is a
religious rituals of all adult Muslims, Background: Hypothyroidism is known to
during which they abstain from food and be associated with alteration in
fluid intake during the period from dawn biochemical parameters and one among
to sunset as well as reduction in meal them is lipid profile. Altered thyroid
frequency and alteration in sleep- function, indicated by altered TSH has its
wakefulness cycle. effect on composition and transport of
lipoproteins.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to
investigate the effect of intermittent Aims And Objectives: To find correlation
fasting( during Ramadan) on insulin between TSH and different parameters of
resistance and Lipid profile in healthy lipid profile i.e, total cholesterol,
individuals. triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL.
Method: five healthy volunteers Materials And Methods: Study was done
underwent anthropometric and in outpatient department of KIMS
biochemical evaluation before the day of Hospital, Hubli. Study included 25 newly
Ramadan and after completing the diagnosed hypothyroid patients
Ramadan month of fasting. Biochemical irrespective of subclinical or overt
markers were measured by standard hypothyroidism. Data obtained from
laboratory methods and statistical analysis interview, clinical examination, thyroid
was done by student t-test. function tests and lipid profile. Correlation
and linear regression was done between
Result: After the completion of Ramadan TSH and different parameters of lipid
fasting, subjects experienced decrease in profile using alcula software.
their body weight and BMI. There was
slight decrease in LDL and increase in HDL Results: Positive Correlation was found
levels and not much significant changes in between TSH and total cholesterol
insulin resistance. [r=0.86], TSH and triglycerides[r=0.98],
TSH and LDL[0.86], TSH and VLDL[r=0.98]
Conclusion: This study showed that but there was negative correlation
Ramadan fasting resulted in reduced body between TSH and HDL[r= -0.79].
weight but no significant effect on
fasting/post-prandial glucose levels and Conclusion: There appears to be positive
lipid profile. correlation between TSH and total
cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL.
Keywords: Ramadan, Intermittent fasting, But negative correlation between TSH and
Insulin resistance, Lipid profile, HDL.
rd
Key Words: hypothyroidism, TSH, Total not statistically associated with BMI and
cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL. gender.
FPP-MEP-109 Conclusions:In this study, metabolic

syndrome in diabetes was found to be
A Comparative Study of Metabolic higher when compared to non-diabetes.
Syndrome in Diabetic and Non Incidence of metabolic syndrome
Diabetic Individuals. increases as the duration of diabetes
increases and with worsening glucose
tolerance .In high risk population, reducing
Dr.Samreen Begum, Dr.Ch.N.Rajkumari.
the waist circumference, BMI and
intensive lifestyle modifications can
Upgraded Department Of Physiology,
prevent the progression to diabetes and
atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Telangana.
Keywords:Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetic
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a
Patients ,HOMA, Waist Circumference,
cluster of metabolic abnormalities that
Blood Pressure ,LDL levels.
increases the risk of Coronary Artery
Disease, Stroke, Diabetes in an individual
.This study examined the risk of metabolic FPP-MEP-110
syndrome in diabetic and non-diabetic
Indian men and women. Correlation of Serum Mg2+ Levels with
Duration of T2DM
Objectives: To estimate therisk of
metabolic syndrome in diabetic and non- Dr.Shweta M.D, Dr.A.Santa kumari M.D,
diabetic patients and to identify and Dr.Aruna
quantify the risk factors associated with
metabolic syndrome. Upgraded Department of Physiology,
Materials And Methods:Randomly Telangana
selected 50 diabetic patients and 50
matched controls(non-diabetes) were Introduction: Diabetes is the most
taken from a population in a small common serious metabolic disease. The
township of Hyderabad .They were hallmark of diabetes is elevated blood
subjected to analysis for components of glucose concentration, just one of many
metabolic syndrome.( BMI, Waist biochemical & physiological alterations
Circumference, Serum Triglyceride Levels, that occur in the disease. In diabetics
Serum HDL Level, Fasting Plasma Glucose, there is a direct association between
Hypertension). Student t test and Chi serum magnesium level & cellular glucose
square has been used for statistical disposal independent of insulin secretion.
analysis. P value of <0.1 was found to be This change in glucose disposal is found to
significant. be associated with increased sensitivity of
the tissues to insulin in the presence of
Results: Metabolic syndrome was sufficient magnesium levels. Magnesium
significantly associated with subjects deficiency has been found to be related
having increased waist circumference with diabetic Microvasculardisease.
,elevated triglyceride levels ,lower HDL Hence the present study is conducted to
levels ,elevated LDL levels, B.P find any correlation with duration of T2DM
>130/85mm of Hg ,HOMA >2.5. & Serum Mg2+.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was
rd
Materials & Methods: CKD is increasing from 13.2% currently to
14.4% in 2020 to 16.7% in 2030. Thyroid
INCLUSION: T2DM 50 Subjects dysfunction in CKD include
hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and
EXCLUSION: T2DM with Hypothyroid, Non-thyro illness. Prevalence of
Hypertension, Nephropathy, Retinopathy hypothyroidism in CKD population is
Neuropathy, CHF & Renal diseases. 10.84%.
Control: 50 Healthy subjects Aims & Objectives: To determine the

thyroid hormone profile in CKD patients.
Statistical Analysis: Student t test
Methodology: Type of study: prospective
Results: Serum Mg2+>20yrs observational study. Place of study:
T2DM:1.42mg/dl compared to 2.51mg/dl Katihar Medical College, Katihar,
control with p Value significant<0.0001, Bihar.Duration of Study: August 2014 to
December 2016.Inclusion Criteria: Patient
2-5Yrs & 10-15yrs showed no statistical with CKD on conservative management
significance. and maintenance HD.Exclusion Critera:
Patient with thyroid illness on/off
Conclusion: treatment for same.
1. Serum Mg2+ levels decreased with Primary parameters assessed- TSH; total
increased duration T2DM thyroxine (T4);Total triiodothyronine
2. Hypomagnesemia causes insulin (T3);Freetriodothyronine (fT3) and
resistance which further reduces serum freeThyroxite (fT4) were estimated using
mg2+ levels in t2dm creating a vicious enzyme immunoassay.
cycle1.
Results: Total participants: 406. DM & HTN
Keywords: T2DM, Serum Mg2+, T2DM were the main primary disease process
Duration leading to CKD.Incidence based on CKD
stage:CKD stage O & 1: none.CKD stage 2:
FPP-MEP-111 6 (1.5%).CKD stage 3: 121 (29.9%). CKD
stage 4: 66 (13.8%). CKD stage 5 on
Thyroid Hormone Profile in Chronic Medical Management: 47 (11.5%).CKD
Kidney Disease stage 5 on MHD: 166 (40.9%).
Dr Nishi Kant 1, Dr Rajiv Ranjan1, Dr Jyoti Conclusion: Abnormalities in the thyroid

Jha2 profile were found in 42% of the
participants. The most common thyroid
1
Department of Physiology, 2Department derangement was hypothyroidism
of Biochemistry, KMCH, katihar, Bihar. followed by isolated low T3 values.
Introduction: CKD has reached epidemic Keywords: Thyroid hormone, Ckd, free T3,
proportion with an incidence in India of free T4, TSH, HD, Hypothyroidism,
17.2%1 Thomus J2 in their original Euthroid
investigation projected the prevalence of
rd
FPP-MEP-112 Results: Unpaired t-test was done using
SPSS Software version 21.The parameters
A Comparative Study of Pulmonary of PFT like FVC,FEV1 &FEV1/FVC values
Function Test in Type-2 Diabetic &Non were significantly reduced (P value<0.05
Diabetic Subjects )in Type 2 Diabetic patients than control
subjects.
Dr.Lavanya A.V, Dr.Muhi. M, Dr.Nachal
Annamalai, Conclusion: Significant reduction in PFT of
Type 2 Diabetic patients is an early
indicator of lung damage. So pulmonary
Department of Physiology, CMCHRC,
function test can be used as a reliable
Trichy.
screening marker in Type 2 Diabetic
patients to prevent respiratory
Background: Type-2 diabetis mellitus
complication.
affects organs by causing micro
&macrovascular dysfunction. Lung
Key words:Diabetes, FVC, FEV1,
involvement is due to glycosylation of
Pulmonary.
collagen and elastin, which causes
thickening alveolar basement membrane
& alveolar-capillary endothelial damage. FPP-MEP-113
Microangiopathy in the alveoli causes
restriction of the lung volumes & Evaluation of Cardiovascular Response
capacities. Significance of early respiratory to Exercise in Hypothyroid Patients
screening to avoid further complication of
respiratory system in Type 2 Diabetic Indrajeet Yadav1, Raj Kapoor1, Krishna
patient is addressed in this study. Biswas2
1
Objectives: To evaluate pulmonary Department of Physiology, 2Department
functions in Type-2 Diabetic subjects& to of Endocrinolgy, VMMC and Safdarjung
compare the pulmonary functions of Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Diabetic subjects with non-Diabetic
subjects Background: Thyroid disorders adversely
affect cardiovascular system. Hypothyroid
Material and methods: This cross patients are at greater risk of developing
sectional study was done in the cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular
department of Physiology, CMCH&RC, response to exercise in such patients may
Trichy after obtaining IEC approval and add in early assessment of cardiovascular
consent from the participants with sample risk.
size of 45 Type 2 Diabetic patients (both
male & female).This study group was Objectives: To study and compare the
compared with age & sex matched 45 cardiovascular changes during exercise
control subjects. Type 2 Diabetic patients and recovery in newly diagnosed
with complications were excluded from hypothyroid patients and euthyroid
this study. The parameters like FVC,FEV1 & controls.
FEV1/FVC were measured using electronic
spirometer(“Easy one pro”) to assess the Materials and methods: 26 cases of newly
mechanical function & for the early diagnosed hypothyroidism and 30 healthy
detection of obstructive & restrictive controls were taken for the study.
airway disease in diabetic patient Following recording of Basal Heart rate
(HR) and blood pressure (BP), the subjects
underwent exercise challenge test. Heart
rd
rate and BP were compared at peak of factors like advanced glycation product,
exercise and post exercise at 1min, 5min, increased production of endothelial
10min and 20 min. Heart rate recovery growth factors, chronic inflammation,
(HRR) and chronotropic response (CR) increased platelet aggregation.Mean
were calculated. platelet volume (MPV) is one of the
marker of platelet function and activation
Results: Both groups had similar HR and which can be measured easily in the
BP at rest, and showed an increasing trend laboratory.
during exercise and post exercise
recovery. However, the systolic blood Objectives:To study the difference in MPV
pressure at 1min post exercise was higher between the healthy subjects, diabetics
in controls. without complication and the diabetics
with vascular complication.
HRR showed a slow recovery in the
hypothyroid group(p = 0.061) although it Materials And Methods: This Cross
didn't achieved statistical significance. CR sectional study was conducted by
(p= 0.07) was comparable in both the including 120 participants with the
groups. approval of IRB and patient’s consent at
CMCH&RC within the period of one
Conclusion: The HRR is an important month. Participants who were above
index of cardiovascular risk. Although the 18years old were included in the study and
slower HRR in the hypothyroid group did were categorized into three groups
not attains statistical significance, it is an
substantial finding of this study. GROUP A: Non-diabetic controls
Stratification of patients into clinical and
subclinical hypothyroidism would have GROUP B: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
yielded better results. without any diabetes related
complications.
Keywords: Blood pressure, exercise, heart
rate recovery, chronotropic response, GROUP C: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with
newly diagnosed hypothyroidism complication
FPP-MEP-114 Patients with anemia, bone marrow

disorders, Chronic systemic inflammatory
Mean Platelet Volume (Mpv) in disorders, Liver disease, any infectious
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diseases, Cancer chemotherapy, Smoking,
at Cmch&Rc Alcoholism, pregnancy were excluded.
Dr.Ajantha.SV, Dr.M.Muhil,Dr.Nachal MPV was measured by an automatic blood

Annamalai, counter.
Dept of Physiology, Chennai medical Statistical Analysis: SPSS 21 was used.

college hospital and research centre. Unpaired t test was used.
Background: Diabetes is a global health RESULTS: Mean values of mpv was higher
burden which leads to microvascular and in diabetics (mean=8.5fl) when compared
macrovascular complications that are to the non-diabetic (mean=7.5fl) control &
associated with long-term damage to the difference was statistically significant.
various organ systems. Vascular disease in Mean value of MPV was more in diabetics
diabetes is due to the effects various with complication (mean=9.1fl) than the
rd
diabetics without complication was performed. The urine albumin
(mean=8.5fl) and it was statistically creatinine ratio was correlated with
significant. hearing impairment (PTA average). IEC
approved this study.
Conclusion: MPV can be used as a
prognostic marker of vascular Statistical Analysis: Pearson correlation
complications in diabetes. test were used. Data was analyzed using
SPSS Version 23
Keywords: Mean platelet volume, Type II
diabetes mellitus. Results and Conclusion: Urine albumin
creatinine ratio in subjects with type 2
FPP-MEP-115 diabetes mellitus were found to be
negatively correlated with hearing ability.
Correlation of Urine Albumin Hence urine albumin creatinine ratio may
Creatinine Ratio with Hearing be done as a screening to rule out cochlear
dysfunction due to uremia in patients with
Disability in Diabetes Mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dr. Tamil Sudar S, Dr. Muhil M,Dr. Nachal
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hearing
Annamalai
impairment, Urine albumin creatinine
ratio.
Department of physiology, CMCH& RC,
Trichy.
FPP-MEP-116
Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic
disorder characterized by hyperglycemia Comparative Study of Serum Iron
which leads to micro vascular and macro Indices among Euglycemic Offsprings
vascular complications. Glomerular of Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients.
involvement in diabetes leads to increased
excretion of urine albumin. Micro Dr Shobha MV1, Dr Jagadamba A1, Dr
albuminuria is an indicator of vascular Karthiyanee Kutty1, Dr Prabhakar2, Dr
dysfunction and kidney injury. The diabetic Shashidhar KN3
sensorineural hearing loss is due to micro
1
angiopathic changes in the endolymphatic Department of Physiology, 2Department
3
sac and basilar membrane vessels. The of Medicine, Department of
correlation between kidney injury and Biochemistry,Sri Devaraj Urs Medical
hearing impairment in diabetes mellitus College, Kolar.
has been added in this study.
Background: Diabetes is a metabolic
Aim and objectives: To find out the disorder predisposed by both genetic and
correlation of urine albumin creatinine environmental factors. Excess iron within
ratio with hearing impairment in type 2 physiological limit is a potential risk factor
diabetes mellitus. for T2DM along with other risk factors like
obesity, age and family history. Effect of
Methodology: This was a cross sectional iron on development of T2DM has gained
study conducted during August 2017 at importance on research especially among
CMCH& RC, Trichy. Sixty adult participants the offsprings of diabetic patients.
with Type 2 diabetes were included and
other systemic diseases were excluded
from the study. With consent, spot urine
sample was collected and audiometry test
rd
OBJECTIVE: Objectives: To estimate and study the
effect of age on salivary and blood glucose
1. To compare serum iron indices (serum levels in type II diabetics.
ferritn, serum iron and serum TIBC)
among offsprings of diabetic and non- Material and methods: 80 adults in age
diabetic parents group of 30 - 50 years were included in the
study and divided into 2 groups - diabetics
Material and Methods:This is a and healthy adults. Both groups were
comparative study having total 88 subjects further divided into 4 groups based on age
– 44 with family history with at least one (30-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50 years). Blood
parent being of T2DM and 44 without and saliva samples were obtained from
family history of T2DM. Subjects include subjects after overnight fast and 2 hours
both males and females in the age group postprandial. Blood samples were
30-40 years.Body mass index, fasting analysed with hexokinase enzyme
blood sugar, serum iron indices and lipid (automated analyser) and saliva samples
profile were compared. with glucose oxidase enzyme
(colorimeter). Salivary glucose levels were
Results: Age and BMI was matched. The compared between diabetics and healthy
present study showed a significant adults by t-test. Relationship between
increase in serum iron (P < 0.001), TIBC (P< salivary and blood glucose was assessed by
0.001) and serum ferritin (p<0.001) among correlation test. Difference in salivary and
offsprings of diabetic patients compared blood glucose levels between age groups
to non-diabetics. was determined by Kruskal-Wallis test.
Conclusion:offspring of type 2 diabetics Results: Salivary glucose is significantly

have iron overload load even before the higher in diabetics (P<0.001). No
change in glucose metabolism become correlation was observed between vlood
apparent which is an additional risk factor and salivary glucose. Blood glucose is
for developing T2DM. highest in 36-40 years and salivary glucose
in 46-50 years age group.
Key Words: diabetic patients, offsprings,
serum iron indices Conclusion: Salivary glucose levels are
significantly higher in diabetics. There is a
FPP-MEP-117 temporal shift in the age of diagnosis of
diabetes.
A Comparison of Salivary and Blood
Glucose in Type II Diabetics in Keywords: salivary glucose, non-invasive,
diagnosis, type II diabetics
Different Age Groups
Sharon M.P., A.S. Anil Kumar, S. Srikanth

FPP-MEP-118
Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation

Thiruvalla, Kerala on Glycated Hemoglobin in
Prediabetes with Hypovitaminosis D
Background: To examine effects of age on Subjects
salivary and blood glucose in type II
diabetics and healthy adults. Background: Role of vitamin D has been a
topic of recent interest in pathophysiology
of Diabetes & several studies have shown
rd
association between vitamin D deficiency FPP-MEP-119
& impaired glucose homeostasis.
Role of Thyroid Hormones on Glucose
Objective: To evaluate effect of correction Homeostasis in Pre and Post-
of vitamin D deficiency on HbA1c in Menopausal Diabetic Women.
Prediabetes
Kalashilpa Chittikanna, Sumangala M.
Methods: Double blind randomized Patil
placebo controlled trial. Sample size
calculated as 46/group. Eligible Department of Physiology, Shri B.M.Patil
participants were adults aged 25 yrs and Medical College Hospital and Research
above with prediabetes and Centre, BLDE University, Vijayapura-
Hypovitaminosis D. They were randomly Karnataka, India.
assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive vitamin D
[60000 IU vitamin D3/week] or placebo.
Background: Thyroid and Diabetes are the
HbA1c was measured by BIORAD D-10
two most common endocrinopathies
before and after the supplementation.
usually seen in women. Excess or
Deficiency of either insulin or thyroid
Results: Mean age was 40.44 ± 9 years
hormones results in functional
(vitamin D group) and 40.89 ± 9.13 years abnormalities of one another which may
(placebo group). After supplementation leads to Hypo or hyperthyroidism usually
with weekly 60000 IU, the vitamin D level affects diabetes.
got corrected from Hypovitaminosis to
vitamin D sufficient levels. In placebo
Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate
group, there was no significant change in
the effect of thyroid hormones on glucose
vitamin D levels. Mean HbA1c changed
homeostasis in Pre and Post-menopausal
from 5.79 ± 0.35 to 5.73 ±0.37 in vitamin D
Diabetic women.
group and 5.79 ± 0.35 to 5.84 ± 0.36 in
placebo group. There was no significant
Materials and Methods: Total seventy
difference found before and after
women, among them 35 pre-menopausal
supplementation in both groups. The
diabetics aged between 25-45 years & 35
between group comparison showed a
post-menopausal diabetics aged between
change of -0.061 ± 0.35 in vitamin D group
46-65 years were assigned for our study.
and change of 0.04 ± 0.32 in placebo
Anthropometric & Physiological
group. The difference was statistically not
parameters were taken and complete
significant with p value 0.136.
blood count, Fasting blood glucose (FBS),
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), Thyroid
Conclusion: There was no significant
hormone profile (T3, T4, TSH) levels were
change in glycated haemoglobin levels in
analyzed.
prediabetes subjects with Hypovitaminosis
D after correction of vitamin D levels.
Results: In our study we found, there is no
significant change in BSA of both the
Keywords: Hypovitaminosis D,
groups but, there is non-significant
Prediabetes, HbA1c, vitamin D
decrease (p<0.05) in BMI, Waist to Hip
supplementation.
ratio of Pre-menopausal diabetics
compared to Post-menopausal diabetics
where as significant decrease in SBP &
non-significant decrease in DBP &
significant decrease in HbA1C levels of
premenopausal diabetics compared to
rd
Post-menopausal diabetics. There is age group 18–25 years from 2015-2017.On
significant decrease in T3 and non- the basis of their parental history of
significant decrease in T4 and non- diabetes, subjects were divided into 2
significant increase in TSH levels of Pre- groups .Children of diabetics parents
menopausal Diabetics compared to Post- (Group-1), non-diabetic parents (Group-2).
menopausal diabetics. BMI were recorded from the two groups.
Conclusion: These finding suggests there is Results: Out of total 250 students, 15.2%
more prevalence of “Hyperthyroidism” in students are overweight and 2.4% are
Post-menopausal diabetics and obese. In group1, 4.8% were found to be
“Hypothyroidism” in Premenopausal overweight and 0.8% were obese. In
diabetics. So prompt recognition of thyroid group2, 10.4% were overweight and 1.6%
dysfunction in diabetics of Pre & Post- were obese. The mean BMI of Group-1
menopausal women, routine thyroid and Group-2 is 22.21 ± 3.50 and 22.15 ±
screening should be recommended to 3.19 respectively.
detect abnormalities of thyroid in Diabetic
women. Conclusions: Higher percentage of
overweight and obese are found in the
Keywords: Thyroid Hormones, Glucose children of diabetic parents as compare to
homeostasis, Pre-menopausal Diabetic, non-diabetic parents.
Post-menopausal Diabetic.
Key words: Type 2 diabetes, Family
FPP-MEP-120 history, diabetic and nondiabetic parents,
BMI.
Study of Anthropometric Parameters
in Children (18-25 Yrs) of Diabetic FPP-MEP-121
Parents in Medical Students, Agra
Vitamin D Status of Apparently
Sonal Garg, Richa Srivastav Healthy Female Adolescents of
Manipur, India
S.N Medical college, Agra
Sanjoy K. Shylla, KSH. Gomti Devi
Introduction: Known as the diabetic
capital of the world, India has been Department of Physiology, Regional
witnessing an alarming rise in incidence of Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal,
diabetes. In India about 69 million people Manipur.
are living with diabetes. Overweight,
physically inactive and a family history of Background: Although vitamin D
diabetes all contribute to the risk of deficiency has been documented as a
developing type-2 Diabetes. Positive frequent problem in studies of young
family history contributes to two- to adults, elderly persons and children in
fourfold increase in cases of diabetes. other countries and also in our country,
there are limited data on the prevalence
Objective: To study the anthropometric of this nutritional deficiency among
parameter in the childrens whose parents healthy female adolescents in the North
are diabetic and non-diabetic. Eastern part of our country particularly in
the state of Manipur.
Material and methods: This Cross-
sectional study was done on 250 medical Objectives: To determine the prevalence
students of SN Medical College , Agra, of of vitamin D deficiency in healthy female
rd
adolescents of Manipur aged 11 to 19 Background: Chronic pancreatitis
years. adversely affects fat digestion and may
cause deficiency of fat soluble vitamins.
Material and Methods: A Cross sectional
study conducted in the department of Objectives: To examine degree of
Physiology, RIMS, Imphal and from pancreatic insufficiency and its relation
selected schools of urban and rural with vitamin D levels in chronic
districts of Manipur. Serum vitamin D was pancreatitis (CP) patients.
analyzed by using Automated Microplate
ELISA Reader and data collected was Materials and methods: A cross sectional
analyzed by using SPSS version 21(IBM). study was conducted in 40 CP patients and
40 healthy controls between January 2016
Results: Out of 108 students, 24 (22.2%) and December 2016. Disease
were vitamin D insufficient, 35 (32.4%) characteristics and imaging features were
were Vitamin D deficient and 49 (45.4%) recorded. Plasma vitamin D and fecal
were having normal vitamin D level. elastase1 as a marker of pancreatic
Overall 59(54.6%) of study participants exocrine function was measured using
were either vitamin D deficient or ELISA kits.
insufficient. Mean ± SD of vitamin D levels
in urban and rural adolescent girls were Results: The mean vitamin D level was
28.58 ± 12.72 and 21.49 ± 9.15 significantly lower in CP patients than
respectively and was found to be controls (16.91 ± 7.17 vs 26.43 ± 6.09
statistically significant (p= .000). ng/ml, p < 0.001). Percentage of low
vitamin D level (≤30 ng/ml) was
Conclusion: In this study 59.6% adolescent significantly higher in CP patients as
girls were having either deficient or compared to controls. Seventy percent of
insufficient 25-OH (D) level. There is CP patients had severe exocrine
significant difference in 25-OH (D) level insufficiency (fecal elastase1 < 100 µg/g)
between urban and rural areas. and 20% had moderate insufficiency (101-
200 µg/g). Plasma vitamin D level and fecal
Keywords: Vitamin D sufficiency, elastase1 had significant positive
insufficiency and deficiency. correlation (r = 0.456, p < 0.001). Receiver
operating characteristic curve (ROC)
FPP-MEP-122 analysis was performed to predict the
development of vitamin D deficiency at
Vitamin D Deficiency Correlates with various fecal elastase1 level and it
Pancreatic Exocrine Function in indicated an area under curve (AUC) of
0.755 ± 0.101 (95% CI: 0.557-0.954). The
Chronic Pancreatitis Patients
optimal cutoff value was 112.5 µg/g
(sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 71.4 %).
Archana S1, Saraswathy L1, Girish BN1,
Rajesh G2, Sajitha Krishnan3, K R
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency
Sundaram4
correlates with pancreatic exocrine
1 insufficiency in CP patients.
Departments of Physiology, 2Departments
of Gastroenterology, 3Departments of
Keywords: chronic pancreatitis, vitamin D,
Biochemistry and 4Departments of
fecal elastase1, exocrine insufficiency.
Biostatistics, Amrita School of Medicine,
Kochi, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,
Amrita University.
rd
FPP-MEP-123 which may be due low household
activities.
A Study of Overweight and Obesity
among Housewives of Different Key words: Housewives, Body Mass Index,
Socioeconomic Status in Bengaluru Upper class, Upper middle class, lower
middle class, Upper lower class.
City
Dr. Shashwata Biswas, Dr. S. Srinivasulu FPP-MEP-124

Naidu
Influence of Body Fat Percentage on
Department of Physiology, Bangalore Blood Pressure Responses to
Medical College and Research Institute, Isometric Hand Grip Test among
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Young Individuals
Background:Prevalence of obesity and Bindiya.S, Damodara Gowda K M,

overweight has increased from past few Amrith.M Mirajkar
decades worldwide, including India.
Obesity is considered to be a predisposing Department of Physiology, K.S. Hegde
factor for chronic diseases - such as heart Medical Academy, Nitte University,
disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and Mangalore, Karnataka.
arthritis - are the leading causes of
disability and death. Background: Sedentary lifestyle promote
weight gain, increase body fat, loss of lean
Objectives: This study aimed to see muscle mass leading to metabolic
relation of obesity and overweight, with syndrome, which can be managed by
socioeconomic status and household proper exercise. In the present study, we
activity among housewives (HW) in investigated the influence of body fat
Bengaluru city. percentage on blood pressure responses
to isometric hand grip test in young adults.
Materials and methods:HWwere assigned
to either Upper class (UC), Upper Middle Materials and Methods: Fortysubjects
Class (UMC), Lower Middle Class (LMC) having general obesity among staff and
and Upper Lower Class (ULC) groups. student community, between the age
Obesity and overweight were assessed in group of 18 to 40 years of either sex was
each group and they were inquired about recruited and their fat percentage was
their daily household activity and physical measured based on the Deurenberg’s
activity. equation. The muscular strength was
assessed by Hand grip exercise usingHand
Results: The prevalence of overweight and dynamometer.
obesity among HW were found higher in
UC group compared with UMC, LMC and Statistical Analysis: The data was analysed
ULC groups.Involvements of HW in daily using independent samples t-test and
household activities were observed to be Pearson correlation test and P value less
higher in ULC and LMC than in UMC and than 0.05 will be considered the level of
UC. significance.
Conclusion:These findings suggest that Result: There was a significant correlation

prevalence of overweight and obesity is between hand grip performance at
higher inHW belonging to UC families, different interval of time and fat
percentage in both right hand (p<0.05)
rd
and left hand (p<0.005). The association ,Group IIB consisted of 35 subjects
between Body Mass Index and fat diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus
percentage was found to be significant with HbA1C levels between 7%-8% and
(r=0.349, P=0.027). Group IIC consisted of 31 subjects
diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus
Conclusion: The association between Body with HbA1C levels >8%. The subjects were
Mass Index and fat percentage was investigated for HbA1C, fasting,
significant whereas, the correlation postprandial blood sugar levels and IOP
between fat percentage and blood measurement was done by Goldmann
pressure response was insignificant. Applanation tonometer.
Keywords: Fat percentage, Body Mass Result: The mean IOP of subjects of Group
Index, Muscle strength, Isometric hand II was higher than Group I (P<0.005).The
grip test mean IOP of IIA ,IIB and IIC were
16.58±0.34 mm of Hg ,17.16±0.78 mm of
FPP-MEP-125 Hg and 18.72±0.85 mm of Hg. The
difference of IOP was found to be
Correlation between Levels of Hba1c statistically significant (p<0.005)
and IOP in Patients of Type II Diabetes
Conclusion: The diabetic subjects are
Mellitus
prone to higher IOP and especially the
subjects with poor glycemic control were
Dr. Shikha Baisakhiya1,Dr. Punita Garg2
more prone to raised IOP. Diabetic
1 subjects should be regularly screened for
IOP so that burden ocular morbidity due to
of Ophthalmology, M.M. Institute of
glaucoma can be reduced
medical sciences and research,
M.M.University, Mullana (Ambala),
Key words: HBA1C and IOP
Haryana
Background: IOP is affected by various

FPP-MEP-126
systemic and local factors. Diabetes
mellitus is an important risk factor for Correlation of BMI with Glycemic
raised IOP. Raised IOP is associated with a Control in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
potentially blinding condition known as Patients.
glaucoma.
Kanyakumari D.H1.,Timmareddy Kataraki2
Aim and objective: To investigate the
1 2
association between levels of HBA1C and Dept.Of Physiology, Dept.Of
IOP in patients of Type II diabetes mellitus Anaesthesiology,Basaveshwara Medical
College And Hospital, Chitradurga-577502,
Material and method: Total 150 subjects Karnataka.
were included in the study. The subjects
were divided into two groups. Group I Background: Obesity is highly prevalent in
included 50 age and sex matched normal the modern world and it is associated with
healthy subjects constituting the control the development of a number of serious
group. Group II consisted of 100 diabetic medical complications, like type 2 diabetes
subjects. Group II was further subdivided and cardiovascular diseases. Indians have
into 3 subgroups: Group II A consisted of a genetic phenotype characterized by low
34 subjects diagnosed with Type II BMI, but with high upper body adiposity,
diabetes mellitus with HbA1C levels <7% high body fat percentage and high level of
rd
insulin resistance. With this low BMI, but Key words: glycemic control,
with high body fat percentage, there is anthropometric measurments, obesity,
increased prevalence rate of metabolic BMI
perturbations and DM, which is one of the
cardiovascular risk factor. AYUSH
Objective: This study was undertaken to FPP-AY-127

find out the correlation or association
between body mass index and glycemic Effect of Rajyoga Meditation on Vo2
control in diabetic patients and thus
Max- A Pilot Study in Central India.
benefits of maintaining BMI in diabetic
patients.
Dr. KOMAL A. Meshram, Dr. Dalia A.
Biswas
Materials and Methods: This study was
conducted at Basaveshwara Medical
Department of Physiology, JNMC Sawangi,
College & Research Institute, Chitradurga,
Wardha, DMIMSU
after getting the approval of the
Institutional Human Research Ethics
Background: Relaxation of body, mind
Committee.
with positive approach has been
successfully achieved by Rajyoga
Sample size was 90, previously diagnosed
meditation. It isthe science and art of
diabetic patients between 26–45 years.
harmonizing spiritual mental andphysical
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were laid
energy. Meditation has a number of
down, informed consent was taken,
positive effects on the physiology of
thorough clinical examination was done.
human body. Physical fitness depends
Estimation of glycated hemoglobin and
mainly on cardio-respiratory endurance of
anthropometric measurements were
an individual. VO2 max (maximal oxygen
done.
uptake/ maximal aerobic power) is widely
accepted as the best measure of cardio-
Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated
respiratory endurance.
based on the WHO formula-BMI = Weight
in kg/Height in mt2.
Objectives: To find out the effect of
Rajyoga meditation on VO2 max.
Observations and results: Descriptive
stastics and Pearsons correlation was
Methodology: 40 healthy male volunteers
applied.
in the age group of 18–20 years were
included in the study. They were randomly
When we compared BMI and glycated Hb
allocated into two groups by blind-cheat
values there was no significant correlation
technique with 20 subjects in each group.
found.
Group-A subjects were given intervention
in the form of Rajyoga meditation under
Conclusion: BMI has no correlation with the guidance of Rajyoga trainer for
glycemic control in our study, however duration of 4 months while Group-B
maintainance of BMI in diabetic pateints subjects acted as control. VO2max was
with change in lifestyle like yoga, walking assessed in both the groups using
and diet may delay the complications of metabolic analyser (AD-Instrument) before
diabetes. and after completion of study.
Results: Student’s paired‘t’ test was used

to compare pre and post interventional
rd
results. Increased VO2 max was seen in respectively. Results were statistically
group-A as compared to group-B. P< 0.05 analyzed using student’s t test.
was considered statistically significant.
Results:Time taken for Digit vigilance test
by students practicing yoga and controls
Conclusion: VO2 max indicates physical were 513±13.9 and 525±12.86 with P
fitness of an individual. Increased VO2max value 0.00048. Number of names in
after Rajyoga meditation ensures good Category fluency by students practicing
cardio-respiratory endurance. yoga and controls were 11.27±1.25 and
9.97±1.31 with P value 0.0005. P value
Keywords: Rajyoga meditation, VO2 max, ˂0.05 was taken as significant. Students
Physical fitness. who were practicing yoga had performed
better in tests for both attention and
FPP-AY-128 executive functions than the control
group.
Influence of Short Term Practice of
Yoga on Cognition among Pre- Conclusion: Short term practice of yoga
has a beneficial effect on cognition in the
University Students
Pre-university students attributing to its
neuro-modulatory effect. Including yoga in
VARSHA.S.V
the curriculum of Pre University education
might help the students have better
Bangalore Medical College and Research
cognitive abilities.
Institute, Bangalore
Key Words: Cognition, Yoga, Attention,
Background:Yoga is one of the six
Executive function, BDNF
orthodox systems of Indian philosophy
which is viewed as a physical, mental and
spiritual discipline that confers a sound
FPP-AY-129
body and sound mind. One of the main
aims of practice of yoga is to have good Effect of Pranayama on Pulmonary
cognitive control.Pre-University education Function of
is a very important stage in the Healthy Older Adults
educational ladder of students. At this
stage students are in need of good Renu Swamidas1, V.S. Suma Devi2,
cognitive abilities. Remani George3
Objectives:To examine the effect of Department of Physiology, Pushpagiri

practice of yoga on cognitive skills of Pre- Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
university students. Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala.
Methodology: 80 Pre-university students Background: Pranayama is gaining

were recruited based on inclusion and importance in the present day world and is
exclusion criteria. Out of which 37 were known to be an excellent rejuvenator of
practicing yoga regularly for minimum the respiratory system. It helps to reduce
30min per day since 2 months. After taking sympathetic overactivity and improves
written informed consent, Cognition test parasympathetic functioning, leading to a
for two domains – attention and executive sense of feeling good. The effect of
functions were performed with Digit Pranayama on pulmonary function is being
vigilance test and Category fluency increasingly looked upon in the research
field.
rd
Objectives: To assess the change in the low back region and radiating down
pulmonary function of healthy older adults along the course of the leg. This is
after 1 month of Pranayama. common entity encountered in clinical
practice. Most often this is due to lumbar
Materials and Methods: Institutional disc prolapse.
Ethics and Research Committee clearance
has been obtained. The study was Aim: Effect of Abhyanga, Katibasti on
conducted on 32 volunteers including Nerve conduction studies in Sciatica
healthy males and females between 50-65
years of age. The parameters analyzed are Objective:
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced
Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1), Forced 1. To observe the effect of nerve
Expiratory Flow at 25-75% (FEV 25-75%) and conduction velocity in the patients of
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and have sciatica.
been assessed after one month of practice 2. To find out the effect of Abhyanga,
using a portable standardized Spirometer Katibasti on Nerve conduction studies
with built in printer- Spirolab III. in Sciatica
Result: Pranayama has improved the lung Method and materials:

parameters: FVC (p< 0.0001),FEV1(p<
0.0001), This study has been carried out in the
FEF 25-75% (p< 0.0001) and PEFR(p< 0.0001) department of Panchakarma, while
of the healthy older adults. working in the OPD and IPD in the
Department many patients has been
Conclusion: The findings suggest that found suffering from Sciatica. NCV were
Pranayama has got beneficial effects on carried out before & after the Abhyanga,
the pulmonary function of healthy older Katibasti.
adults and hence can be advised as a
lifestyle modification aid. Result:The result observed in the patient
of sciatica was decreased conductional
Keywords: Pranayama, Pulmonary velocities. This also shows the positive
Function, Spirometer-Spirolab III, Healthy effect on the Nerve conduction studies
Older Adults after the treatment of Abhyanga, Katibasti
in the sciatica.
FPP-AY-130
Conclusion:conductional velocity shows
Role of Abhyana, Katibasti on Nerve significant changes after the abhyanga and
Conduction Studies in Sciatica katibasti in the patients of sciatica, it
should be one of the best line of
Shweta D. Parwe treatment in the sciatica.
Department of Panchakarma, MGACH&RC, Key words: NCV- Nerve conduction

Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, India velocity, Sciatica, LBP - Low back pain.
Background:Sciatica is a clinical condition

characterized by severe pain started from
rd
FPP-AY-131 Keywords: Event Related Potential,
bhastrika pranayama, P300, attention
Yoga Bellows Type Breathing on FPP-AY-132
Attention
Sushma Pal, Niranjan Kala, Sachin Kumar Kapalabhati Pranayamaon Attention
Sharma, Shirley Telles & Acharya and Arousal
Balkrishna
Niranjan Kala, Sachin Kumar Sharma,
Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Shirley Telles & Acharya Balkrishna
India
Patanjali Research foundation, Haridwar,
Background: Yoga bellows type breathing India
has been shown to improve attention
measured with tasks other than P300 Background: Previous studies showed that
Event Related Potential. the practice of Kapalabhati can increase
attention and sympathetic activity with
Objectives: The present study aims to see reduced vagal activity. Increased
the immediate role of yoga bellows type sympathetic activity was seen in earlier
breathing (bhastrika pranayama) on studies during an attention task.
attention assessed with the P300 latency
and amplitude in healthy individuals Objectives: We aimed to assess immediate
examined at frontal, central and occipital effects of Kapalabhati pranayama on
sites. attention and arousal assessed using the
P300 Event Related Potential and heart
Material and methods: Ten normal rate variability.
healthy male volunteers aged between 20
and 30 years, (Mean= 25.8, SD=2.9), with Material and methods: Participants
at least 6 months of experience in yoga were10 normal healthy males (age M±SD,
practice were recruited to this self as 25.8 ±2.9 years). This was a self as control
control study. Each participant was study where each participant was assessed
assessed on two consecutive days for two on two consecutive days for two
randomized sessions i.e, yoga bellows type randomized sessions i.e., Kapalabhati
breathing and quiet sitting.The study was (intervention session) and sitting quietly
approved by the ethics committee. (control session) for 15 minutes each.
Attention was measured by the P300 ERP
Trends and inferences: Considering that at Fz, Cz, and Pz scalp sites with linked
this was a pilot study with a sample size of earlobes as reference and heart rate
ten subjects, no statistics were attempted. variability was measured to assess
The trends show that amplitude increase autonomic modulation before and after
in Cz site and latency decrease in Fz site of the practice of pranayama/quiet sitting.
P300 ERP in yoga bellows type breathing The study had ethical clearance from the
bhastrika pranayama. institution’s ethics committee.
Conclusions: The results suggest that Trends and inferences: Considering that
bhastrika pranayama can improve this was a pilot study with a sample size of
attention. ten subjects no statistics was attempted.
The trends are presented. A trend of
increased amplitude of P300 ERP and
rd
decrease in power of Frequency domain Trends and Inferences: Considering that
analysis of HRV was seen. this was a pilot study with a sample size of
ten subjects no statistics was attempted.
Conclusion: The results indicate that The trends are presented. The trends
Kapalabhati can increase sympathetic indicated that the P300 amplitude was
activity and improve attention which is in increased and latency was decreased after
line with previous literature. the practice of bhramari pranayama.
Keywords: Kapalabhati, attention, Conclusion: The results suggested

autonomic balance, P300, HRV increased attention after bhramari
pranayama, Future studies with an
FPP-AY-133 increased sample size may confirm our
findings.
Bhramari Pranayamaon Attention Keywords: bhramari, attention, P300, ERP.
Deepshikha Tyagi, Niranjan Kala, Sachin FPP-AY-134

Kumar Sharma, Shirley Telles & Acharya
Balkrishna A Pilot Study to Access the Effect of
Breath Awareness on Heart Rate
Patanjali Research foundation, Haridwar, Variability
India
Savita Agnihotri, Sachin kumar sharma,
Background: The practice of bhramari Niranjan Kala, Shirley Telles and Acharya
pranayama has been reported to enhance Balkrishna
response inhibition and cognitive control,
however, there were no studies assessing Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali
the effects of this pranayama on attention Yogpeeth, Haridwar, India
particularly assessed with the P300 ERP.
Background: Previousstudieshave shown
Objectives: The present study aimed to that breath awareness can immediately
assess the immediate effects of bhramari decrease systolic blood Pressure.
pranayama on attention assessed using
the P300 Event Related potential. Objective: With this background, the
present pilot study was designed to assess
Material and methods: 10 normal healthy the immediate effect of (15 minutes)
male volunteers (age M±SD, 25.8 ±2.9 breath awareness on heart rate variability.
years) were recruited for study. This was a
self as control study where each Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers
participant was assessed on two were recruited with ages ranged between
consecutive days for two randomized 20 and 30 years (group mean age±SD,
sessions i.e, bhramari 25.8±2.98years) for the study who have at
pranayama(intervention session) and
least 6 months of experience in yoga
sitting quietly (control session) for 15
minutes each. The P300 ERP component practice. The design of the study was self
was elicited by the oddball paradigm at Fz, as control where each participant was
Cz, and Pz scalp sites with linked earlobes assessed on two consecutive days for two
as reference before and after the practice interventions i.e, breath awareness and
of pranayama/ quiet sitting. quiet sitting whereas HRV was assessed
before and after each session by using a
rd
two channel ECG (MP 45 Biopac Student function assessed with heart rate
Lab, BIOPAC System Inc, U.S.A.). The variability.
sessions were assigned randomly using an
online randomizer (www.randomizer.org). Objective: The present pilot study aimed
The study had ethical clearance from the to evaluate the changes in heart rate
ethics committee of the Patanjali Research variability after bhastrika pranayama.
Foundation which was formed based on
the guidelines of the Indian Council of Methods: Ten normal healthy male
Medical Research. volunteers ages between 20 and 30
years(group mean age±SD,
Trends and inferences: Considering that 25.8±2.98years) having at least 6 months
this was a pilot study with a sample size of of experience in yoga practice took part in
10 subjects no statistics were attempted. the study. The design of the study was self
Trends indicate decrease in PNN50, as control. Participants were assessed on
increase in NN50 of time domain analysis two separate days for two different
and increase in HF Power and decrease in sessions, each of 15 minutes i.e, bhastrika
LF Power of frequency domain analysis pranayam and quiet sitting. HRV was
was seen after breath awareness. assessed before and after each session by
using a two channel ECG (MP 45 Biopac
Conclusion: A non-significant change in Student Lab, BIOPAC System Inc, U.S.A.).
heart rate variability is attributed to small The sessions were assigned randomly
sample size. Future studies with a larger using an online randomizer
sample size may come out with significant (www.randomizer.org). The study had
changes. ethical clearance from the ethics
committee of the Patanjali Research
Key words: Breath awareness, HRV, Foundation which was formed based on
autonomic modulation, arousal. the guidelines of the Indian Council of
Medical Research.
FPP-AY-135
Trends and inferences: Considering that
A Pilot Study to Assess the Effects of this was a pilot study with a sample size of
Bhastrika Pranayama on Heart Rate 10 subjects no statistics were attempted.
Variability Trends indicate increase in pNN50,
decrease in NN50 of time domain analysis
Sadhana Verma, Sachin kumar and increase in LF power and decrease in
sharma,Niranjan Kala, Shirley Telles and HF power of frequency domain analysis
Acharya Balkrishna was seen after bhastrika pranayama.
Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Conclusion: The trend suggest an increase

Yogpeeth, Haridwar, India in vagal activity of the HRV after Bhastrika
pranayama
Background: A previous study showed
that bhastrika pranayama can increase Keywords: Bahstrika, HRV, autonomic
parasympathetic activity. But there is no moduoation, arousal.
study which investigated the effect of
bhastrika pranayama on the autonomic
rd
FPP-AY-136 independent component analysis was
performed for rsfMRI.
Rajayoga Meditation Practice Alters
Grey Matter Volume and Functional Results: sMRI scan analysis of BKRM
Connectivity in Specific Brain Areas for practitioners showed significant GM
volume increase specifically in right medial
Attention and Internalization: An
prefrontal gyrus, bilateral temporal gyrus,
Observational Study Using Smri and
bilateral precuneus and right middle & left
Fmri inferior occipital gyrus. Additionally rsfMRI
analysis showed significant increase
Ramesh Babu, M.G1., Rajagopal, K.V2, (p<0.05) in RSFC in left prefrontal,
Kiranmai S Rai1. precuneus, angular and superior marginal
1
cortices of BKRM when compared with the
Department of Physiology, Melaka same in NM.
Manipal Medical College, Manipal
University, Manipal, 2Department of Conclusion: This study provides
Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba observational evidence thatBKRM practice
Medical College, Manipal University, enhances GM volume as well as RSFC in
Manipal. specific brain regions known to improve
attention and internalization. BKRM
Background: Cortical gray matter (GM) technique may thus help to enhance
and resting state functional connectivity attention and emotional regulation as well
(RSFC) variations are observed in various as self-realization.
types of meditation practice. Variations in
GM regions depend upon the types of Keywords: MRI, Rajayoga meditation,
mediation technique practiced. But there VBM. ICA.
are no studies showing variations in
specific areas of brain associated with
FPP-AY-137
attention and internalization particularly in
Brahmakumaris Rajayoga Meditation
(BKRM) practitioners.
Effect of Yoga on Insulin Resistance in
PCOS Patients
Objective: The aim of this study was to
analyze GM volume and RSFC changes in Verma A1, Gandhi A1, Gautam S1, Biswas
specific brain regions of BKRM R2, Jain A3, Mondal S1
practitioners and compare the same with 1
non-meditators (NM). Department of physiology, 2Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
3
Material and Methods: This study was Department of Biochemistry
carried out after obtaining ethical
committee permission and informed Background: The phenotype of PCOS is
consent from age, gender, handedness strongly influenced by the presence of
matched BKRM practitioners (n=40) and insulin resistance, which is present in the
NM (n=40). BKRM technique consists of majority of women diagnosed with PCOS.
meditation practice by focusing on a point Effects of Yoga on insulin resistance in
of light and simultaneously listening to PCOS patients is not well studied.
meditation commentaries. During rsfMRI
scanning participants were instructed to Objective: We aimed at studying the
close their eyes, and not to sleep, move or effects of yoga on insulin resistance by
meditate. Voxel based morphometric measuring Homeostasis Model of
analysis was performed on sMRI scans and
rd
Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) institute of Medical sciences, KIIT
in PCOS patients both pre and post yoga. University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Material And Method:The study was Background:Pre-hypertensives are more

carried out in Department of Physiology in prone to develop overt hypertension and
collaboration with Department of other cardiovascular complications.
Obstetrics and Gynecology and Decreased cardiovagal modulation is
Department of Biochemistry at Lady strongly implicated in the genesisof
Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Prehypertension and pranayama practice
Blood samples of newly diagnosed cases is known to optimize the cardiac
(n=30) were collected after an overnight autonomic functions
fast for measuring fasting insulin and
fasting blood sugar (FBS) level for Objective: The present study was
calculating HOMA-IR. These patients were conducted to determine the effect of 12
then advised yoga practices for a period of weeks practice of chandranadi pranayama
12 weeks. After 12 weeks they were again (CNP),the left nostril breathingon cardiac
called for biochemical analysis. Results autonomic functions and perceived stress
were compared using paired ‘t’ test pre score in young male pre-hypertensive
and post yoga. adults.
Results:The FBS levels (mg/dl) of these Methodology: Thirty young adult male
PCOS patients was 95.73±3.23 and Fasting pre-hypertensive subjects(systolic BP 120–
Insulin levels (µU/ml) was 14.89±1.47. The 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 80–
HOMA-IR calculated was 3.76±0.5 (Normal 89 mm Hg) were recruited for the
value <2) depicting insulin resistance in study.Among thethirty, 15 were
PCOS patients. With practice of yoga, designated as study group. They
there was a significant decrease in values underwent CNP practice for a period of 12
of FBS (91.83±2.17) (p< 0.01) and highly weeks daily, twicefor 20 minutes. The
significant decrease in fasting serum other 15 pre-hypertensive subjects served
insulin (11.47±1.06) (p< 0.001) and HOMA- as control group and they did not undergo
IR (2.72±0.32) (p< 0.001), depicting an any intervention. Basal Heart rate (BHR),
improvement in insulin resistance after Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic
yoga practice. blood pressure (DBP), Perceived
stressscore (PSS) and cardiac autonomic
Conclusion:Yoga is effective in reversal of reactivity test(30:15 ratio, E:I ratio, ∆
Insulin resistance in patients of PCOS. DBDIHG) were recorded at baseline and
after 12 week period in the Autonomic
FPP-AY-138 function testing lab of Department of
Physiology, JIPMER
Effect of 12 Weeks Practice of
Chandranadi Pranayama on Cardiac Results:BHR, SBP, DBP and PSS were
Autonomic Functions& Perceived significantly reduced(P<0.05). 30:15 ratio
and E:I ratio were significantly increased
Stress Score in Young Adult Male
(P=0.002 and P=0.003) in the study group
Prehypertensive Subjects after 12 weeks practice of CNP.There was
no statisticalsignificant change observed in
Aswathy.V1, Velkumary.S1, G K Pal1, the measured parameters in the control
Sowmya Misra2 group.
1
JIPMER,2Department of Physiology,Kalinga
rd
Conclusion:Our findings reveal that 12 sessions. The students were asked to
weeks practice of single slow pranayama perform the savitri pranayama for 4 cycles
(CNP) by pre-hypertensive adults, showed (each cycle for 5 minutes) during the 2
a significant improvement in vagal tone hours session.
Key words: Prehypertension, Cardiac Results: There was decrease in anxiety and
Autonomic Reactivity Test, Pranayama stress levels after pranayama session.
practice However, statistically significant difference
was found only in stress score (p= 0.011)
FPP-AY-139 and not in anxiety score (p=0.102) of the
subjects before and immediately after
Immediate Effect of Savitri Pranayama performing savitri pranayama.
on Anxiety and Stress Levels in Young
Medical Undergraduates. Conclusion: Yogic relaxation techniques
such as savitri pranayama can be used to
reduce anxiety and stress levels in young
Suchitra palve, Devi. R. Nitihya
individuals.
Department of physiology, Mathatma
Key words: Anxiety, Stress, Savitri
Gandhi Medical College Hospital and
pranayama, Medical students, Relaxation
Research Institute, pondy-cuddalore main
road pilliyarkuppam, Pondicherry-607402
FPP-AY-140
Background: Yoga is an ancient culture as
well as an art of our Indian heritage. Effect of Yoga on Cardiovascular
Regular practice of various yogic Autonomic Activity and Reactivity in
techniques leads to ideal physical, mental, Essential Hypertensive Patients
intellectual, and spiritual health.
Pranayama is one such yogic practice Khadka R1,Paudel BH2
which has a number of physiological
1
effects on various systems in our body. Department of Basic and Clinical
Physiology, 2Department of Internal
Aim: The aim of the present study was to Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health
see the immediate effect of savitri Sciences, Nepal
pranayama on anxiety and stress levels in
young population. Background: Despite, long-term
normalization of blood pressure by anti-
Materials and methods: The present study hypertensive drugs in essential
was conducted in department of hypertensive (EH) patients, there exist
physiology in MGMCRI in order to prove autonomic dysfunction.Yoga is known to
the beneficial effects of savitri pranayama decrease BP in EH patients, however, it is
on anxiety and stress levels amongst not much clear whether combined yogic
250(age> 18 years) undergraduate medical practices improve cardiovascular
students during their lecture hours. Items autonomic regulation in EH patients.
for assessing anxiety and stress were
picked up from DASS 21, a self-report Objectives: To study the effect of yoga on
questionnaire designed to measure the cardiovascular activity and reactivity in EH
severity of a range of symptoms common patients.
for depression, anxiety and stress.
Questionnaire was administered to all the Methods: The study included 40 essential
participants before and after pranayama hypertensive patients. They were
rd
1
randomized into yoga (n=20, age Department of Physiology, 2Clinical
46.71±8.79 years) and control (n=20, age Neuropsychology, All India Institute of
44.8±7.47 years) groups. Yoga group Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029
practiced meditation, pranayama and few
easy asanas for 40 min/day for one month. Background: Obesity may be associated
Control group did not practice yoga or any with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes
relaxation procedures. Cardiac autonomic type 2, neurological disorders, sleep
activity was assessed using short-term apnea, and cognitive impairment. The aim
heart rate variability (HRV) and reactivity of the study was to investigate whether
using deep breathing (DBT), Valsalva cognition might be positively modified by
Maneuver (VM), Handgrip (HGT) and Lying short-term yoga-based lifestyle
to standing (LST) tests in both groups at intervention in overweight/obese subjects.
zero and after one month. Institutional
Ethical Committee approved the study. Objective: To study the effect of a short-
term yoga-based lifestyle intervention on
Results: Both groups had comparable age, attention bias to food images and working
height, weight, BMI, SBP, DBP, HR, and memory in overweight/obese subjects.
respiratory rate. SBP, DBP, HR, and BMI
decreased in yoga group, time domain Methods:Interventional study conducted
measures of HRV, which are markers of at Integral Health Clinic (IHC), Dept of
cardiac parasympathetic activity [SDNN: Physiology, All India Institute of Medical
29.8.9(18-33.9) vs 35.2(26.87-38.8) ms, Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. A total of 25
p=0.013; rMSSD: 13.5(11.5-21.86) vs overweight/obese subjects, age: 18-50
37.4(30.9-43.3) ms, p=0.001] increased in years, BMI: ≥ 23 and <35 kg/m2, and
yoga group as compared to control group gender both male and female, were
after yoga. E:I ratio and Valsalva ratio, included in the study. Cognition was
which are indicators of parasympathetic assessed using an eye-tracking paradigm
reactivity also increased in yoga group. with a visual probe task. Eye movements
were recorded in fasting conditions pre
Conclusion: Both parasympathetic activity and post yoga intervention. Psychology
and reactivity increased in EH patients experiment building language (PEBL)
after a month of yoga practice. It indicates software was used. Working memory was
that yoga increases cardiac autonomic assessed by n-Back test.
modulation by increasing cardiac
parasympathetic activity. Results: There was a significant reduction
in duration and direction bias to food
Key words: Essential hypertension, images especially to high caloric food,
Autonomic activity, heart rate variability, post yoga intervention. There was no
parasympathetic statistical significant difference in correct
responses and reaction time of the
FPP-AY-141 subjects in n-Back test.
Effect of Short-Term Yoga-Based Conclusion: The present observations

Lifestyle Intervention on Attention from our study indicated that direction
Bias to Food Images and Working and duration bias to food images might
be positively modified following a shot-
Memory in Overweight/Obese
term yoga-based lifestyle-intervention in
Subjects
overweight/obese subjects.
Ruchi Jakhar1, Raj Kumar Yadav1, KP
Keywords: Cognition, Eye tracking, Probe
Kochhar1, Ashima Nehra2
task, Yoga-based lifestyle-intervention
rd
FPP-AY-142 participants. Males took significantly more
time to complete LCT (p= 0.010) but were
Influence of Short and Long Term able to recall more on Forward Digit Span
Rajyoga Meditation on Cognitive (p= 0.004) as compared to females.
Perfomance
Conclusions: Variability in cognitive
Dr Ashwini A Mahadule, Dr Preeti Jain, Dr performance was seen across the
A K Jain meditators and non-meditators and
amongst the two genders, as indexed by
neuropsychological tests findings. Short-
Dept. of Physiology, MAMC, New Delhi
term meditators had better verbal recall
whereas, long-term meditators exhibited
Background:Rajyoga meditation (RYM) has
better attention and executive functions.
demonstrable effects on psychological
Young and middle-aged people can
health and cognitive performance of an
practice RYM to have better cognition as
individual.
well as, to delay the age related decline in
cognitive functions.
Objectives: The present study was
conducted to elucidate the influence of
Key-words:Attention, cognitive
short and long term RYM practice on
performance, executive function, mental
cognitive performance of an individual and
flexibility, Rajyoga meditation, working
to ascertain gender differences.
memory.
Materials and Methods: 60 participants
were divided into three equal groups on
FPP-AY-143
basis of duration of RYM; non-meditators
(GroupI), short-term meditators (GroupII- Immediate Effects of Shitali
6months-5years) and long-term Pranayama on Reaction Time in Young
meditators (Group-III->5 years). Cognitive Medical Professionals at a Tertiary
performance was assessed using a Care Institute
neuropsychological test battery.
Kamath R, Navare A, Kate M
Results: Omnibus analysis revealed
significant main effects of Department of Physiology, Seth G. S.
gender,F(7,47)=2.88, Wilk’sʎ=0.700, partial Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital,
η2=0.30, p=0.014 and duration, Mumbai
F(14,94)=4.48, Wilk’sʎ=0.360, partial
η2=0.400, p=<0.001.These were Background: Reaction time is an indirect
superseded by two way interaction effect index of the processing of the CNS & a
of gender and duration, F(14, 94)=2.63, simple method of determining sensory
Wilk’sʎ=0.516, partial η2=0.281, p=0.003. motor association & performance. This is
Univariate ANOVA showed significant essential in split-second decision making
difference between Trail making as may be required in various job profiles
test(TMT)A score F(2,53)=6.76, partial like Pilots, Surgeons etc. Whereas regular
η2=0.203, p=0.002; Letter Cancellation long term (weeks-months) practice of
Test (LCT) Time F(2,53)=6.17, partial Pranayamic breathing techniques has
η2=0.189, p=0.004 and LCT omission shown to bring about reduction in reaction
F(2,53)=4.23, partial η2=0.138, p=0.020. time, which is a favourable outcome, the
GroupIII participants took significantly less study of immediate effects of Pranayama
time to complete TMTB (p=0.002) and on reaction time has not received
LCT(p=<0.001) as compared to groupI proportionate attention.
rd
Objectives: To study and compare the pre interval. The standard descriptors SD1
and post Shitali Pranayama Auditory & &SD2represent short-term and long-term
Visual Reaction times. variation in HRV. The healthy individual
responds differently to autonomic
Materials & Methods: Participants stimulus and Ayurvedic concept “Prakriti”
consisted of 30 normal subjects (resident explains classification of humans based on
doctors & teaching staff in a tertiary care observable phenotypic variation. We
institute) in the age group of 25 - 30 years. hypothesized Poincare plot descriptors
Their Auditory & Visual reaction times varies in Prakriticlassified healthy
were measured before and after Shitali individual.
Pranayama.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to
Results: The paired t-test was applied & determine and compare Poincare plot
the post Shitali Pranayama Auditory & descriptors in 5 min HRV in Prakriti
Visual Reaction times showed statistically classified healthy individuals.
significant decline as compared to pre
Shitali Pranayama Auditory & Visual Material and methods:The Prakritiwere
Reaction times (p<0.01). identified using CSIR-IGIB
Prakritiquestionnaire. Totally 225 healthy
Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals screened for
Shitali Pranayama can reduce reaction predominantPrakriti identification and 6
time as an immediate effect, which is Kapha (age = 20.83 ± 0.75), 7 Pitta (age =
beneficial to individuals in time-critical 20.43 ± 0.53) & 7 Vata (age = 21.29 ± 1.49)
professions. predominant Prakriti individuals identified.
The 5 min HRV recorded in the supine
Keywords: Auditory Reaction time, Visual resting state in lead II configuration using
Reaction time, Shitali pranayama. Biopac MP-150. The raw data analyzed by
software HRVanalysis v.1.1.
FPP-AY-144
Results:The Vata prakriti has lower
Poincare Plot Descriptors in HRV of SD1(ms) than Pitta, Vata vs Pitta; Median
Healthy Individuals – Ayurvedic (IQR) 21.82 (18.94-32.56) vs 48.31(33.71-
67.80) with p-value = 0.039 and SD1 nu
Prakriti Based Understanding
(%), Vata vs Pitta; 3.08 (2.59 – 4.48) vs
5.73 (4.56 – 6.91) with p-value = 0.030.
Prathiban Rengarajan1, Dinu S Chandran1,
The SD1/ SD2 ratio is also lower in Vata
Bharat Krushna Khuntia2, Bhavana
Prakriti than Pitta, Vata vs Pitta;
Prasher2, Mitali Mukerji2, Ashok Kumar
0.47(0.32-0.53) vs 0.68 (0.68-0.83) with p-
Jaryal1, Kishore Kumar Deepak1
value = 0.044.
1
Autonomic & Vascular function lab,
Conclusion: The VataPrakriti has lower
parasympathetic activity determined by
lower SD1(ms) & SD1 nu (%). Poincare plot
2 descriptors vary on the basis of Prakriti,
CSIR-TRISUTRA Unit, Council for Scientific further study needed to establish the
and Industrial Research-Institute of relation of Prakriti with other HRV
Genomics and Integrative Biology, New parameters and its autonomic neural
Delhi relation.
Background: HRV is beat to beat variation Key words: Heart rate variability, Poincare
of RR intervals in ECG. Poincare plot is a
plot, Prakriti
graphical representation of successive RR
rd
PHARMACOLOGY Conclusion: The study demonstrates the
effectiveness of CAL in teaching
FPP-PH-145 experimental pharmacology and students
felt that CAL helped them in better
Computer Assisted Learning as a understanding of the topic as the effects
were clearly visualized on the screen.
Teaching Method in Experimental
Thereby such simulations need to be a
Pharmacology: Boon or Loss?
part of the standard curriculum.
Santhanalakshmi.P, Shweta Oommen,
Keywords: Computer assisted learning,
Alwar.M.C, Isabella Topno, Jayashree
Experimental pharmacology, Feedback
arya
questionnaire, Medical students.
FPP-PH-146
Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences,
Puducherry.
A Community Level Study on
Background:Over the recent years there Prescribing Pattern of Antimicrobial
has been a progressive reduction in the Agents
use of animals for teaching purpose due to
ethical consideration. CAL (Computer Dr.D.Thamizh Vani, Dr.Ramachandra Bhat
assisted learning) is one of the non-animal
alternatives in experimental pharmacology Department of Pharmacology, Kilpauk
to simulate the live experiment using Medical college, Chennai-10.
animals. It offers benefits of being
reproducible, time saving and having Background: Antibiotic resistance is
minimum errors closely linked to inappropriate
antimicrobial use. It is considered to be
Objectives:To study the effectiveness of the most serious threat. To combat the
CAL by comparing pre-test and post-test problem of ineffective management of
among second year M.B.B.S students. infections and their complications, it is
imperative to identify such problems and
Methods: A total of 71 students generate national data at all levels of
participated in the study. They were given healthcare settings leading to better
a set of multiple choice questions on a tracking and monitoring system in the
selected topic (Effect of Diazepam on mice country.
using rota-rod apparatus) after
demonstration of traditional method using Objectives: To study antimicrobial use to
animals. Later, CAL was performed by all
the students followed by the same set of 1.identify antimicrobial prescribing
multiple choice questions. A student practices 2.to identify most commonly
feedback questionnaire based on 5 point prescribed antibiotic, 3.to enhance
Likert scale was also given to all the quality use of antibiotics, 4.to reduce drug
students to get their opinion about the resistance
simulation experiments.
Method: Descriptive study for 5 months.
Results:The students had better average Prescriptions from patients attending OPD
score in post-CAL test as compared to pre- of hospitals and clinics of all specialities
CAL test (82.4% Vs. 44.6%). Based on were collected in Kilpauk locality. Patient
feedback majority of students (70%) demographics, antimicrobial name,
agreed in favour of CAL. dosage, route of administration, condition,
rd
and other drugs prescribed were recorded Objective: To assessperception of second-
and analysed. year medical undergraduates towards PBL
in Pharmacology.
Results: Most commonly prescribed
antibiotic was Amoxicillin (24.5%) followed Materials and Methods: Study was
by Cefixime (23.5%). Most common conducted after approval by the
indication was URI which accounted institutional ethics committee. Fifth-
39.5%. Polypharmacy - Antibiotics were semester students were given study
prescribed along with Antacids-14%, questionnaire after conducting PBL
Antihistaminics-22%, Multivitamins-64%. sessions. The questionnaire contained 7
More than 1 antibiotic was prescribed in items answered on a five point Likert
11 prescriptions. Only 50% of prescriptions Scale. Students chose the options
followed Standard treatment guidelines. whichever they found to be most
appropriate.
Conclusion: Inappropriate use of
antibiotics is related to patients, Results: Total of 178 students participated
healthcare persons and society which lead in the study, of which 74.1% students
to resistance. Antibiotics are over used for agreed that PBL improved their ability to
minor infections, misused for viral correlate basic concepts with clinical
infections and underused due to financial practice. Most of them felt that PBL
concerns. reinforced the information taught in other
classes, it increased their involvement in
Key words: Antibiotic resistance, standard the learning process and improved self-
treatment guidelines, polypharmacy, directed learning skills. Majority of them
antibiotics, antimicrobial prescribing found that learning of facts, diagnostic and
practices, descriptive study, inappropriate therapeutic skills, as well as clinical
use reasoning,were significantly enhanced by
PBL sessions. PBL is helpful in developing
FPP-PH-147 skills for identification of potential drug
related difficulties of the patient was
Perception of Second-Year Medical reported by 66.3 % students.
Undergraduates towards Problem-
Conclusion: PBL was overall found to be
Based Learning (PBL) in Pharmacology
useful to our students and hence can be
continued as a useful method for
Amrita Parida, Rashmi R. Rao
curriculum delivery. However, we need to
take further steps in improving the
Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba
delivery of PBL sessions and enhancing its
Medical College, Mangalore Manipal
effectiveness in achieving the desired
University, Karnataka-575001
outcomes so that it becomes an enjoyable
learning experience for both students as
Background: Medical education is
well as the faculty.
continuously upgrading and newer
teaching-learning methods like problem-
Keywords: Problem based learning,
based learning (PBL) and integrated
Medical education, Pharmacology.
teaching are being introduced to partly
replace the didactic lectures. These
innovative methods need to be evaluated
at the institutional level to identify the
feasibility, benefits, and areas of
improvement.
rd
FPP-PH-148 histopathological examination of kidney
were performed.
Nephroprotective Effect of Anethum
Graveolens in aMurine Model of Results: Gentamicin treatment caused
Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked
elevation in biochemical parameters.
Pragati Srivastava1, Rashmi R Rao1, Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and BUN
Preethi J Sheno1, Poornima Ajay were increased with gentamicin compared
2
Manjrekar , S Teerthanath3, to saline-treated animals
Bhuvaneshwari S1 (107.5±16.92mg/dl,
0.88±0.09mg/dl,3.05±0.29 mg/dl and
1
Department of Pharmacology, 47.80±9.07 mg/dl respectively).Co-
2
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba administration of aqueous extract of
Medical College, Manipal University, Anethum graveolens with gentamicin
Mangalore, Karnataka-575001, decreased the rise in these parameters in
3 a dose dependent manner, the
Department of Pathology, K.S. Hegde
Medical Academy, Nitte University, biochemical values for 2g/kg of the test
Mangalore, Karnataka-575018 extract being 43.95±2.11 mg/dl, 0.43±0.02
mg/dl 2.55±0.16 mg/dl, and
Background: Antioxidant rich herbs 20.45±0.97mg/dl for serum urea,
creatinine, uric acid and BUN respectively.
possess significant activity against
However statistical significance was
various disease condition induced by
obtained only with 1 and 2g/kg body wt
oxidative stress. Anethum graveolens, doses employed, when compared to the
has a rich source of bioactive gentamicin treated group.
compounds that possess varying Histopathological analysis revealed
pharmacological activities including epithelial loss with intense granular
antioxidant. degeneration in gentamicin treated rats,
whereas the test extract mitigated the
Objective: To evaluate the severity of gentamicin-induced renal
nephroprotective effect of aqueous damage.
extract of Anethum graveolens seeds in a
murine model of gentamicin induced renal Conclusion: Our data suggest that
damage. aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens
seeds exhibits renoprotective effect in
Materials and Methods: Wistar albino gentamicin induced renal damage
rats of either sex, weighing 150-200g were probably due to its antioxidant actions.
divided into 5 groups; normal saline,
gentamicin 80 mg/kg, i.p., aqueous extract Key words: Anethum Graveolens,
of Anethum graveolensseeds at 0.5, 1 and Gentamicin, Nephroprotective,Drug
2g/kg/ body wt, p.o, for 8 days, the extract induced nephrotoxicity.
being administered 3 days prior and
concurrently with gentamicin for 5 days.
Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) analyses and
rd
FPP-PH-149 come for follow up visit. The most
probable cause of the increased incidence
Upsurge in BCG Vaccine Induced in our hospital could be that a particular
Lymphadenitis: Case Series batch of vaccine contained an altered
strain/ change in the number of viable
Manju V.1, Amrita Parida2, Asha Hegde1, organisms.
Phalguna Kousika Katakam3
Conclusion: We are reporting the cases
1
Department of Paediatrics, Melaka as it might lead to an awareness among
Manipal Medical College, Manipal other practitioners and will also provide a
University, Manipal.Karnataka, India, scope for further studies. Increased
2
Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba surveillance and appropriate treatment
Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal guidelines for BCG vaccine associated
University, 3Department of Paediatrics, lymphadenitis are the need of the hour.
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal,
Manipal University. Keywords: BCG, lymphadenitis,
tuberculosis
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the
serious health care concerns of the world FPP-PH-150
today. The only vaccine available for
tuberculosis till date is the BCG vaccine. It Awareness and Behaviour of
is one of the safest vaccines and is less Consumers towards the Use of Online
commonly associated with adverse effects. Pharmacy: A Cross-Sectional Study
However, recently, we have seen an
upsurge in the number of BCG vaccine Dr. Ravinder Kumar Sah1, Dr. Rakhamaji
associated lymphadenitis in our hospital. D. Chandane1, Dr. Sachin Manocha2
Objective: To report the increase in the 1

Associate Professor, Department of
number of BCG vaccine associated Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical
lymphadenitis cases in our hospital. College, New Delhi, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmacology, School of
Materials and methods: Ten cases of BCG Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda
associated localized lymphadenitis was University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
seen in our hospital in the past one year
(May 2016 to April 2017). Data was Background: Online pharmacies offer
collected related to vaccination and the various advantages like lower medicine
course of lymphadenitis from the parents. costs, easy accessibility, doorstep delivery
etc. Online pharmacies also carry with
Observations/Results: Out of the ten them disadvantages like lack of interaction
cases, 3 infants were vaccinated outside with pharmacists, dispensing of drugs
while the remaining werevaccinated in our without prescriptions, selling of
hospital. Three out of the ten patients had substandard medicines etc. At present no
suppurative lymphadenitis and required study is available in India about
intervention (needle aspiration/ excision) consumer’s awareness regarding online
and remaining 7 patients were reassured pharmacy.
and followed up. During follow up, the
swelling had either completely subsided or Objective: This study was planned to
reduced in size in seven of them. There assess awareness and behaviour of
was no change in the swelling in one infant consumers towards the use of online
while the remaining two patients did not pharmacy in the Delhi, India.
rd
Material and methods: Cross-sectional, Department of Pharmacology, ESIC
questionnaire based study was conducted Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka.
on 466 consumer to asses awareness and
behaviour towards the use of online Background: Irrational use of prescribing is
pharmacy. on the rise due to many factors like
following a prescribing pattern of senior
Results: In this study 87.1% of consumers doctors, inadequate knowledge, ignorance
were aware about online pharmacy but etc. Junior Residents (JRs) are exposed to
only 16% preferred online pharmacy to variety of prescribing patterns. The
buy medicines. Two third (76.8%) of objective of present study was to evaluate
consumers opined that purchasing the knowledge, attitude and practice of
medicine from online pharmacy would not JRs about rational use of medicines (RUM).
be safe because of substandard quality of
medicine and supply of counterfeit Methods: This was a Cross sectional,
medicines. Factors like “not asking for questionnaire based study conducted
uploading of prescription” and “big among JRs in a tertiary care hospital April
discounts over market value of the 2017. Questionnaire was designed to
medicines” were marked as a obtain information about the knowledge,
characteristic of doubtful online attitude and practice of RUM. The data
pharmacies by 80.4% and 72.9% were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013
consumers respectively. Convenience of version) and expressed in percentage.
ordering medicines and door step delivery
were cited as most attractive features of Results: Out of 154 JRs, 147 completed the
online pharmacy by 40.1% and 33% questionnaire and opined the knowledge
consumers respectively. of RUM (83.6%), EML (80.2%) and P-drug
(63.2%) was vital for medical practice.
Conclusion: Purchasing medicines from However, JRs had limited knowledge
online pharmacies was not common about the revision of EML list (29.2%),
among the consumers. They need to be number of fixed dose combinations (FDCs)
educated about the risks and benefits (6.1%) in EML and criteria for choosing a P
associated with buying drugs on the drug (10.2%). The attitude towards EML to
internet. Educational measures should be be provided in each department (85.7%) &
coupled with adequate monitoring of regular training about RUM (87.7%) was
online pharmacies by regulatory positive. However, prescribing essential
authorities. medicines & trade name were 65.3% &
50% respectively.
Key words: Online Pharmacy, Consumers,
Awareness, Behaviour. Conclusion: JRs had limited knowledge
about EML, P drugs, schedule H drugs and
FPP-PH-151 number of FDCs in EML. As JRs are the
future prescribers & specialists, they need
Evaluation ofKnowledge, Attitude and to be aware of all the aspects of RUM.
Practice of Rational Use of Medicines Similar studies should be conducted at
among Junior Residents in aTertiary regular intervals, which will help in
identifying the deficiencies in knowledge
Care Hospital
about RUM & appropriate measures to be
taken.
Suraj B., Hooli Tanuja V., Somashekara S.
C.
Keywords: Essential Medicine List, JRs,
FDC, P-drugs, Rational use of Medicine
rd
FPP-PH-152 classification, antibacterial for systemic
use (33.2%) were prescribed most
Safety Profile of Drugs Commonly commonly. As per SOC, gastrointestinal
Prescribed for Gynaecological system disorders comprised the maximum
Disorders number (49.10%) of ADRs followed by
nervous system disorder (28.70%).
Verma S1, Gupta MC1, Singhal S2
Conclusion: Overall, drugs for
1 gynaecological disorders appear to be a
2 safe option with majority of the ADRs
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
being mild. Relatively, high incidences of
Pt. B D Sharma PGIMS, UHS, Rohtak,
gastrointestinal and central nervous
Haryana, India
system ADRs warrant that the patients
should be made aware of these ADRs and
Background: Female patients have a 1.5-
the need to seek treatment should they
to 1.7-fold greater risk than men of
occur.
developing an adverse drug reaction
(ADR). The focus of present study was to
Key words: Gynaecological disorders,
observe prescription pattern of drugs
ADRs, ATC, MedRA
commonly prescribed for gynaecological
disorders and monitoring ADRs associated
with them. FPP-PH-153
Material & Methods: A prospective, Drug Advertisements in Medical

observational, non-interventional study Journals: A Critical Assessment
was done on outpatients and inpatients of
gynaecology department and involved Nehra J, Verma S, Gupta H, Gupta Mc, Dr.
spontaneous and solicited ADR monitoring Jyoti Nehra
of currently prescribed drugs for
gynaecological disorders.Pregnant Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B. D.
females, patients with history of drugs Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana
abuse or over dose of drug were excluded
from the study. Drugs prescribed were Background: Drug advertisements form
classified as per Anatomical Therapeutic one of the major sources of drug
Chemical (ATC) classification. ADRs were information for clinicians which can
coded according to Medical Dictionary for influence their prescribing practices. These
Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) in which advertisements are guided by criteria laid
terms for specific adverse events that are down by certain organizations like World
alike or pertain to the same organ system Health Organization (WHO) and
are categorized by System Organ Class Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers
(SOC). of India (OPPI).
Results: A total of 250 patients were Objective: This study was planned to
observed, out of which 163 patients assess the compliance of drug
reported 181 ADRs. The mean age of advertisements published in medical
patients who experienced ADRs was 37.28 journals to WHO and OPPI guidelines.
± 12.71 years. Majority of the patients
(61.34%) were suffering from non- Material & Methods: Hundred drug
infective gynaecological diseases. 660 advertisements pertaining to allopathic
drugs were prescribed to the patients medication available in medical journals
during the study period. As per ATC (print version) in the college library were
rd
randomly selected during July 2016 to July of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
5
2017 excluding those of medical devices, National Post-Doctoral Fellow (SERB),
6
surgical appliances, nutritional Assistant Professor, Department of
supplements and ayurvedic drugs. These Pathology.
drug advertisements were then analyzed
1,2,5,6
for compliance to 13 ethical criteria as per Melaka Manipal Medical College,
3,4
WHO and 5 as per OPPI. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 7Division of Siddha, Center for
Results: Only 2 advertisements fulfilled Integrative Medicine and Research.
the criteria as per WHO guidelines and
none were fully compliant as per OPPI Manipal University, India – 576104.
guidelines. Most of the advertisements
had mentioned the active contents (96%) Background: Nephrotoxicity is the dose
and brand name (100%) along with limiting toxicity of one of the effective
therapeutic indication/s (92%), dosage chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. Till
form (97%) and manufacturers name date, only amifostin has been approved by
(97%). The least followed criteria were the FDA as a prophylactic against this
contraindications (25%), warnings (25%) toxicity.Side effects, cost, and concerns
and major interactions (25%) with other thatit also diminishes antitumor effect
drugs. havelimited its use in clinical practice.
Traditional Siddha Medicine literature
Conclusion: It was observed that drug suggests the use of neichitti kashayam
advertisements provide incomplete and containing Vernonia cinerea (VC) to
poor quality of essential information, thus protect body from drug toxicities.
aiming to satisfying commercial motive of
pharmaceutical industry rather than Objective: To evaluate whether VC could
fulfilling the educational aspect of reverse the renal damage that is caused by
promotion. The medical professionals cisplatin in male Swiss albino mice.
should remain vigilant about these
advertisements and seek full information Materials and methods: The crude
before prescribing them. aqueous extract of VC was fractionated
from non-polar to polar fractions.Mice
Keywords: Drug advertisement, were injected a single dose of cisplatin
EthicalCriteria, WHO, Medical Journals, (15mg/kg) on day 1 to inducerenal
OPPI damage. On day 6, crude aqueous extract
and all fractions were orally administered
FPP-PH-154 (400mg/kg) for five days. On day 11, blood
was collected to estimate urea and
VernoniaCinerea Regenerates creatinine. Right kidney was collected for
Proximal Tubules in Cisplatin Induced histological examination.
Damage, in Mice
Result: Fractionation of crude aqueous
Arul Amuthan1,7, Vasudha Devi2, extract lead to butanol (18.6%) and water
3 4
Shreedhar CS , Venkata Rao , Shiny fractions (81.4%). There was no
Jasphin5, Kunal Puri6 statistically significant difference in urea
and creatinine in treatment groups
1
Senior grade lecture, Department of compared to cisplatin alone group.
Pharmacology, 2Professor and Head, Cisplatin induced proximal tubular damage
Department of Pharmacology, 3Professor, was mostly seen in cortico-medullary
Dept. of Pharmacognosy, 4Professor, Dept. junction and was associated with
rd
vasodilation, inflammatory infiltration and in the study. Basic demographic
necrosis.Aqueous fraction did not information such as age, sex, dosage form,
regenerate tubular cells; whereas, crude prescribed antibiotic details and diagnosis
extract and butanol fraction of the condition were recorded.
showedregeneration.
Results: Out of 110 paediatric patients,
Conclusion: Vernonia cinereais a potential 85.45% received antibiotics. The average
source of new compounds that could be number of antibiotics per encounter was
used to regenerate kidney cells in cisplatin 1.13. Amoxicillin (31.13 %) was the most
induced damage. frequently prescribed antibiotic followed
by combination of Amoxicillin and
Key words:Vernonia cinerea, Cisplatin, Clavulanic acid (28.3 %). The preferred
nephrotoxicity, butanol fraction, route of administration was oral (92 %)
treatment, regenerate and 94% of the antibiotics prescribed were
in the WHO essential drug list. However,
FPP-PH-155 with respect to generic prescribing, these
drugs were lowest in prescriptions (3.77%)
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns among
Paediatric Patients in aSecondary Care Conclusion: The most common basis for
the prescription of antibiotics was
Hospital - A Retrospective Study
respiratory tract infection. Majority of the
drugs prescribed were in the WHO
Ganesh Shenoy K, Jagdish Kaur Mangat,
essential drug list. The average number of
Sherene Sajani Samuel, Sobana
antibiotics prescribed per patient was
Thanabalan, Jeremiah Rajiv Sambanthan
within the WHO recommendations (< 2).
Efforts must be made to encourage
Department of Pharmacology, Melaka
prescribing by generic names as it was
Manipal Medical College, Manipal
found to be low.
University, Manipal, India.
Key Words: Paediatric, Antibiotics,
Background: Systemic antibiotics account
Prescription Pattern, Outpatient
for more than one‑ third of the
prescriptions in children; hence, antibiotic
prescriptions in children are a major public
FPP-PH-156
health concern. Moreover, data regarding
rational antibiotic use in children is very Impact of Topical Genistein on the
limited. Hence, it is essential that the Expression of Sex Steroid Receptors
antibiotic prescribing pattern be evaluated and Harderian Gland Function in the
Models of Dry Eye
Objective: To study the antibiotic
prescribing pattern among pediatric Saluja S1, Moksha L1, Titiyal JS2, Halder N1,
patients. Velpandian T1
1
Methods: A retrospective study was Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr.
carried out for 2 months at medical Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic
records department of Dr TMA Pai Sciences, 2Department of Ophthalmology,
Hospital, Udupi. A total of 110 paediatric All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
patient files were screened for antibiotic Delhi, INDIA.
prescription. Out of 110 patient files, 94
patient files contained antibiotic Background: Tear film is pivotal to the
prescription and these files were included health and optics of the eye. Dry eye is a
rd
tear film disorder due to excessive FPP-PH-157
evaporation or tear film deficiency. The
harderian gland has been known to Profiling of Primary Metabolites
moisten the cornea thus may have a role Present in Aqueous Humor of
to play in pathogenesis of dry eye disease. Glaucomatous Patients
Objective: a) Toelucidate the role of Gowtham L1, Halder N1, Dada T3,
harderian gland in postmenopausal dry Jayasundar R2, Baskar S4, Velpandian T1
eye animal model. b) To evaluate the
efficacy of topical 0.1% genistein 1
Ocular pharmacology &
formulation in the developed
pharmacy,2Department of NMR,
experimental animal models of dry eye. 3
Department of Ophthalmology,
4
Department of Biophysics, All India
Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi,
either sex (n=5) were used. Females were India.
Ovariectomised and an oral finasteride
challenge was posed to both sexes. Tear
Background: Intraocular pressure is
film stability was assessed. The animals
primarily maintained by the endogenous
were sacrificed and harderian gland was
metabolites using the targets often
isolated. Sex steroid receptor (Estrogen
utilized for the pharmacological
Receptor α, β and Androgen Receptor) and
management. Therefore understanding
ferrochelatase expression was evaluated.
the metabolic profile of aqueous humor is
0.1% Topical Genistein was administered
expected to explain pathophysiology
thrice a day for 40 days post the
involved in glaucoma.
development of dry eye. Tear film stability
was monitored.
Objective: Standardization of the method
to detect primary metabolites in the
Results: Significant tear film instability and
changes in aqueous humor reflecting
down regulation of sex steroid receptors,
carbohydrates, protein and lipids
ferrochelatase gene confirmed the
metabolism in glaucomatous patients
development of dry eye in animal models.
versus control.
The treatment groups showed restoration
in tear flow and tear film stability over the
Methods: Institutional human ethics
course of 40 day therapy. Sex steroid
committee approval was obtained and
receptor expression was reinstated.
patients were recruited according to the
inclusion & exclusion criteria.70 to 100 μL
Conclusion: The study establishes role of
of aqueous humor was collected by
harderian gland secretions indicating the
paracentesis during the cataract (control
role of sex steroid deficiency in dry eye.
group) and glaucoma surgery (study
The gene expression studies revealed
group) which was stored at -80°C. Peak
topical phytoestrogen therapy could be
assignments were carried out using NMR
further developed to relieve
Shift database library. The concentration
postmenopausal dry eye.
(mM) of metabolites was determined
Keywords: Dry eye disease, harderian
using Trimethyl silyl propionic acid (TSP) as
gland, tear film, genistein, gene
reference and their percentage changes
expression, LC-MS/MS.
were calculated.
Results: In this preliminary study, NMR

spectrum showed the presence of several
important primary metabolites like
rd
leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, resistance, the cells were cultured in the
glucose, tyrosine and phenylalanine. This presence of the chemotherapeutic drugs
study further revealed the presence of (Etoposide, Carboplatin and Vincristine)
significant difference in the levels of the individually, by increasing the dosage from
metabolites to the extent of different IC10 to IC50 across subsequent passages.
degrees in glaucomatous patients as Trypan blue assay was performed at each
compared to the control group. passage. The resistant cells (to each drug)
were used further for gene expression
Conclusion: Metabolomic study could analysis of MATE, PePT, OAT, OATP3,
provide a quick screening tool for OATP4, OCTN1, OCTN2 and PgP
determining the primary metabolites of transporters using RT-PCR.
aqueous humor. Further studies are in
progress to validate these findings and to Results: Resistance was developed in
correlate with the pathway. carboplatin treated Y-79 cell line whereas
etoposide & vincristine, treated cells went
Key words: Metabolomics, Amino acids, into stationary phase. The cells treated
Biomarkers, Primary metabolites, Aqueous with vincristine showed higher expression
humor, glaucoma of all the transporters studied except OAT
group. The carboplatin treated group
FPP-PH-158 showed higher expression of OAT, OATP4,
OCTs and PgP, whereas etoposide treated
Role of Drug Transporters in the group showed unaltered levels of all
Resistance in Retinoblastoma transporters.
Chemotherapy
Conclusion: Targeting the efflux
Sukrit Bhattacharyya, Madhu Nath, transporters like PgP by suitable blockers
Nabanita Halder, Thirumurthy Velpandian can be useful in exploring the treatment
modality in refractory cases of
Ocular pharmacology & pharmacy, All retinoblastoma.
India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi, India Key words: Retinoblastoma, Drug
transporters, Carboplatin, Etoposide,
Background: Drug resistance to Vincristine, Y-79 cell line
chemotherapeutic agents is known to
develop in the patients during the FPP-PH-159
treatment of retinoblastoma. This could be
attributed to the modulation of drug Prescribing Patterns of
transporters in the tumor cells. Antihypertensive Medicines among
Adult and Geriatric Patients in a
Objective: This study was aimed at analyze Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi
the gene expression of various drug
transporters on cultured Y-79 cell lines Pooja Gupta1, Ekta Mutneja1, Rakesh
after developing resistance to Yadav2, AB Dey3, YK Gupta1
chemotherapeutic agents used
conventionally for the treatment of 1
retinoblastoma. 2
Department of Cardiology, and
3
Department of Geriatric Medicine, All
Methods: The Y-79 cell line obtained from India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
NCCS-Pune was cultured in RPMI-1640 Delhi.
media supplemented with FCS. To develop
rd
Objective: There is a well-known, wide Keywords: Antihypertensive medicines,
variability in prescribing of prescribing pattern, geriatrics, JNC7
antihypertensive medicines as multiple
drugs are often co-prescribed. In the FPP-PH-160
present study prescribing pattern of
antihypertensive medicines in adult and Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity
geriatric patients was evaluated at a of Sesamum Indicum Seeds Extract on
tertiary centre.
Stress Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar
Rats.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional,
observational study was conducted among
Shalini Adiga, Ravi Soori,Balaji.O
patients receiving antihypertensives.
Patients were characterized as adult <60
years (group 1) and geriatric ≥60 years Department of pharmacology, Kasturba
(group 2) and their prescriptions were
Manipal
reviewed.
Background: Factors, such as bad dietary
Results: Total of 1262 patients were
habits, excessive intake of nonsteroidal
included (group 1: 36.8%, mean age
anti-inflammatory agents, stress and H.
45.9+9.8 years; group 2: 63.2%, mean age
Pylori infection are reported to account for
65.4+5.2 years). In group 1, most
majority of cases of gastric ulcers. Sesame
frequently prescribed were beta blockers
oil obtained from Sesamum indicum is a
(60.6%; metoprolol 82.2%) followed by
component of traditional health food in
ACE inhibitors (28.4%; ramipril 77.7%),
Asia. It has not been so far investigated for
whereas in group 2, calcium channel
its effect on gastric lesions induced by
blockers (39.4%; amlodipine 98.2%) were
stress.
most commonly prescribed followed by
beta blockers (32%; metoprolol 82.2%).
The average pill count for Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer
antihypertensives was 1.8 and 1.6 for activity of Sesamum indicum seed extract
group 1 and 2 respectively and the median on stress induced gastric ulcer in Wistar
duration of treatment was 3 years (range 3 rats.
months to 30 years) for both groups. In
group 1, 30.1% patients were prescribed Material and Methods: Wistar rats were
one class, 46.7% two classes, 23.2% >three divided into 5 groups of six rats
classes of antihypertensive medicines. each.Gastric ulcers were induced by stress
Whereas in group 2, 39.6% were model in four groups by placing the rats
prescribed one class, 42.7% two classes, individually in a restricted cage for 8 hours
15.2% >three classes (0.13% five classes) and then in restraint cold ventilated
of antihypertensives. refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3°C for
2 hours for 7 days. The antiulcer activity of
Conclusion: The prescribing trend alcoholic extract of Sesamum indicum seed
conforms to JNC7 guidelines but not to the extract (0.5mg/kg & 1mg/kg)) was
more recent JNC8. Despite similar pill compared with standard drug,
count and treatment duration, geriatric pantoprazole (30mg/kg) each given once
patients may be more prone to adverse daily for 7 days. The parameters studied
drug-drug interactions (DDI). Careful were ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH,
review of prescriptions is essential to free acidity and total acidity.
identify potential DDIs and preventive
measures. Results: The volume of gastric content
(3.7±0.10, 4.2±0.29,) total acidity
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(29.7±0.54; 29.2) & freeacidity teaching tertiary care centre and hospital
(7.4±0.13;6.98±0.08)was significantly for a period of three months. The ADRs
decreased at p<0.05 and pH of the gastric were collected from the different medical
juice was significantly increased(4.6±0.06) specialities and recorded in a CDSCO
at p<0.05 in treated groups as compared reporting form. The collected ADRs were
to ulcer control group. Sesamum indicum then subjected for assessment by using
extract at 1mg/kg showed significant different causality scales [WHO, Naranjo
reduction in number and size of ulcers Algorithm, Schumock & Thornton and
which is comparable to that of Modified Hartwig and Siegel scales]. The
pantoprazole. study protocol was approved by the
Institutional human ethics committee.
Conclusion: The present study indicates
that Sesamum indicum extract has Results:There were total of one hundred
potential antiulcer activity. and ninety eight ADRs were reported. It
was observed that, antimicrobial class of
Key Words: antiulcer, stress model, ulcer drugs [23.74%] were responsible for
index, pantoprazole maximum causation of ADRs, followed by
drugs related to autacoids [20.20%], CVS
FPP-PH-161 [12.63%], endocrinal system [8.08%], GIT
[6.57%], respiratory system [4.55%], CNS
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring [2.53%], blood [2.53%], ANS [2.53%] and
and Analysis of Reports from a skin [0.5%].
Southern Based Teaching Tertiary
Causality assessment ADRs by Naranjo
Care Centre and Hospital
algorithm scale showed that, majority of
ADRs were possible [66.16%], probable
Madhavrao C1,Mythili Bai K2
[21.72%] and definite in [12.12%]. Again
1 WHO scale showed that, maximum
Dept. of Pharmacology, 2Dept. of number of ADRs was possible [55.05%]
Physiology, AIMSR, Kerala [India] followed by probable/likely [14.14%],
unclassifiable [11.62%],
Background: Adverse Drug Reaction [ADR] conditional/unclassified [10.61%] and
is defined as, ‘reaction which is noxious & unlikely [8.59%]. On severity scale by
unintended that occurs at dosages Modified Hartwig and Siegel, it was
normally used in man for prophylaxis, observed that, 72.22% of ADRs were mild,
diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the 19.70% as moderate and 8.08% as severe
modification of physiological function’. in grade. Preventability scale of Schumock
ADRs contribute for the hospital deaths as & Thornton identified 39.90% of all ADRs
well as huge economical burden globally. were definitely preventable, 33.33% as
Majority of the ADRs are preventable and probably preventable and rest as not
it’s monitoring is very essential for better preventable.
rationalized pharmacotherapy in the
future. Conclusion:This study concluded that
antimicrobial class of drugs was
Objectives:To monitor adverse drug responsible for maximum number of
reactions and analyze the collected ADR ADRs. Majority of the ADRs were possible
reports from a Southern based teaching in Naranjo as well as in WHO ADR causality
tertiary care centre and hospital assessment scales. It was also observed
that majority of ADRs were definitely
Materials & Methods:A prospective study preventable on Schumock & Thornton ADR
was conducted in a Southern based
rd
assessment scale and mild in severity on Results: Outof 60 patients diagnosed with
Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. CKD, 81.6% were males. It was found that
45% of the patients belonged to end stage
Key Words: ADR, Causality, renal disease. The average number of
Pharmacovigilance, Naranjo scale, Adverse drugs prescribed per patient was 5.3, and
Drug Reaction, Side effects percentage of drugs prescribed from
essential medicine list was 60.6%. Out of
FPP-PH-162 total prescribed drugs (318), most
commonly prescribed class of drugs were
A Study of Drug Utilisation Pattern in cardiovascular drugs(44.33%).Considering
Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease at individual drugs, five most commonly
prescribed drugs wereantihypertensive
a Tertiary Care Hospital.
drugs (39.3%), hematinics (17.6%), calcium
salt(12%), multivitamins(8.4%),and
LATHA KAMATH1, HEMA NG1,HIMAMANI
antacids(5.3%). Calcium acetate was the
S2
commonest potassium binder prescribed.
1
2 Conclusion: The given study provides an
Department of Nephrology, Mysore
overview of drug utilisation in a cohort of
Medical College & Research Institute,
CKD patients. Drug utilisation studies in
Irwin road, Mysore – 570001
CKD patients helps to understand and
build evidence for drug use. In this study,
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
principle of rational prescribing was
is a major public health issue and a widely
followed. Amlodipine and furosemide
prevalent non-communicable disease
were the most commonly used drugs.
responsible for increasing morbidity in
Hypertension and diabetes were the most
India. Pharmacotherapy of CKD is complex
common co-morbidities.
and inevitably requires poly-pharmacy due
to several co-morbidities.CKD patients
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease;
need to take medicines lifelong, which
Prescribing pattern; Drug utilization;
makes it very important to study the
Potassium binders; end stage renal
prescribing trends on a regular basis.
disease; antihypertensives.
Objectives: The main objective of the
FPP-PH-163
study was to know whether the
prescribing rationality was maintained and
to analyse current prescribing trends in Effect of First and Second Generation Anti-
the management of CKD patients. Epileptics on Body Mass Index in Adult
Patients with Generalized Tonic Clonic
Material and methods: After Institutional Seizures
Ethics Committee approval, a prospective
cross sectional study was carried out at Gupta H1, Verma S1, Gupta MC1, Dabla S2
the Nephrology department of a tertiary
1
care hospital for a period of three months Department of Pharmacology and
from 1st June 2017 to 31st August 2017. 2
Department of Neurology, Pt. B D Sharma
Patients diagnosed with CKD by the PGIMS, UHS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
treating Nephrologist were included and
their prescriptions were analysed to study Background: Higher prevalence of
the prescribing patterns. increased weight and subsequently body
mass index (BMI) is seen in patients with
epilepsy which can be aggravated further
rd
with antiepileptic therapy. The present FPP-PH-164
study was undertaken to compare the
effect of first generation vs second Development of Intravitreal (IVT)
generation antiepileptic drugs on BMI. Formulations of Antiangiogenic
Agents and Cassette Dosing IVT
Material &Method: A prospective,
Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits Using LC-
observational, cross sectional study was
MS/MS
conducted on adult patients of generalized
tonic clonic epilepsy (GTCS) who were
stabilized on antiepileptic drugs for atleast Halder N, Velpandian T
3 months. First generation
antiepilepticsprescribed were Valproic Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy,
acid (VPA), phenytoin (PHT) and AIIMS, New Delhi, India
carbamazepine (CBZ) and second
generation antiepileptics given were Background: Curcumin, emodin,
Levetiracetam (LEV), Lamotrigine (LTG) thalidomide and valdecoxib have been
and Oxcarbamazepine (OXC). The patients identified and selected as having potent
were evaluated for their BMI. BMI value> antiangiogenic activity. Therefore, this
24.9 was considered as overweight. study has been attempted to develop IVT
formulation of these agents and to
Results: In the binary logistic regression evaluate IVT pharmacokinetics in rabbits
analysis, the risk of increased BMI with using cassette dosing approach.
first generation and second generation
antiepileptic treated patients was similar Objectives: 1) To develop and evaluate the
(odds ratio [OR] = 2.1053; 95% confidence IVT formulations of curcumin, emodin,
interval [CI], 0.7823–5.6658; P = 0.1407). thalidomide and valdecoxib, 2) To develop
51.4% of the patients on first generation and validate LC-MS/MS method for
antiepileptics had BMI >24.9 and were simultaneous quantification of these
categorized as overweight while 28.6% agents in biological fluids, 3) To perform
patients on second generation had BMI > the newer IVT pharmacokinetics of
24.9, although this difference was not developed formulations in rabbits.
Methods: Under sterile conditions, IVT
Conclusion: According to our preliminary formulations were prepared and sterilized.
data antiepileptic therapy increases the LC-MS/MS analytical method was
risk of weight gain in patients with developed and validated for selectivity,
epilepsy. The overall risk of high BMI accuracy and precision as per USFDA
though not statistically significant, was guidelines. For IVT pharmacokinetics, New
clinically more relevant with first Zealand albino rabbits of either sex
generation antiepileptic drugs. weighing 1.3-2kg were used. Cassette IVT
formulations of all 4 drugs were
Keywords: Epilepsy, GTCS, BMI, reconstituted with 1mL of normal saline in
Overweight. sterile conditions. An aliquot of 0.1mL at a
dose of 10µg each drug was intravitreally
injected (n=4). Rabbits were euthanized at
15, 30, 60 and 480min carbon dioxide.
Ocular fluids, tissues, and plasma were
collected and subjected for analysis using
LC-MS/MS.
rd
Results: SterileIVT formulations for Objectives:To obtain information about
cassette dose for curcumin, emodin, drug induced cutaneous adverse reactions
thalidomide and valdecoxib have been and to establish the causal relationship.
successfully developed. IVT cassette
dosing pharmacokinetics showed a rapid Materials And Methods:Observational
clearance of curcumin from vitreous cross sectional study, a total of 76 patients
cavity. Valdecoxib and thalidomide wererecruited for the study which was
showed the t1/2 of 2 hrs. conducted in dermatology outpatient
department of K R HOSPITAL MYSORE
Conclusion: To conclude this study, MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH
emodin showed longer median residence INSTITUTE MYSORE during 6MONTHS
time of 6.3 hrs as compared to all others in period was evaluated. The details of
the vitreous humor indicating the cutaneous adverse drug reactions were
possibility of developing it further for use recorded in ADR form of Central Drugs
in ocular angiogenesis. Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO).
Causality was assessed using Naranjo
Key words: Anti-angiogenic agents, algorithm and also World Health
intravitreal formulations, mass Organization- Uppsala monitoring centre
spectrometry, intraocular (WHO-UMC) criteria.
pharmacokinetics
Results: 76 patients with CADRs were
FPP-PH-165 included in the study during the 6 months
study period. Results were presented in
A Study onDrug Induced Cutaneous the form of number andpercentage. Most
Adverse Drug Reactions at a Tertiary common age group with CADRs was 20-
Care Hospital Mysore 30years; with 73.32% of females,26.65%
male and the most common suspected
SHASHIKALA KONNUR1, M .S., drug group causing CADRs was
Dr.B.L.NANJUND SWAMY2 antimicrobial 46.65%, and most common
lesion is maculopapular rashes. According
1
Department of Pharmacology, to Naranjos scale 67.30% of CADRs were
2
Department of Dermatology, Mysore probably caused by drugs
Medical College &Research Institute, Irwin
Road, Mysore-570001 Conclusions: Wide variety of drugs causes
CADRs. Awareness among clinicians is
Background:Patient safety has become a required for active reporting of CADRs.
leading topic in the national level. An ADR Patients need to be educated for the
can lead to significant morbidity, mortality cautious use of drugs causing ADRs to
and financial costs. People in every prevent the same.
country of the world are affected by
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and it is Keywords: Cutaneous adverse drug
estimated that at least 60% of ADRs are reactions, Pharmacovigilance, causal
preventable. Cutaneous adverse drug relationship, Naranjos probability scale.
reactions are a common occurance and
need to be differentiated from other
causes of similar manifestations.Thus, the
active search is essential for
evaluating,managing,reporting, ADRs and
strenghthening the activity of
Pharmacovigilance of the country.
rd
FPP-PH-166 Keywords: Epilepsy, depression,
antiepileptic drugs, BDI-II scale
Association of Depression with
Antiepileptic Drugs in Adult Patients FPP-PH-167
of Generalized Epilepsy: A Cross-
Sectional Study. Mapping the Distinct Time Course of
Molecular and Metabolic Paradigms
Singh H1, Verma S1, Gupta MC1, Dabla S2. Involved in Pathogenesis of Fructose
Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance in
1
Department of Pharmacology, Developing Rats and Establishing
2
Department of Neurology, Pt. B.D.Sharma Aegle MarmelosL.(Corr.) As a
PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India Preventive Strategy
Background: Depression is a chronic Jayachandran Nair1, Thirumurthy

mental disorder characterized by feelings 2 1
Velpandian ,Prateek Sharma , Sandeep R.
of sadness, loneliness, despair, low self- Mathur3, Rajani Mathur1
esteem and self-reproach. Patients taking
antiepileptic medications may also 1
Department of Pharmacology, Delhi
become depressed as a result of their Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
treatment. Research, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi,
2
Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences,
effects of antiepileptic drugs on 3
Department of Pathology, All India
Depression using in adult population. Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, India
Material and methods: A prospective,
observational, cross sectional study was Background:The time course of
conducted on adults patients of pathogenesis of fructose mediated hepatic
generalized epilepsy on stable insulin resistance is not well-delineated
antiepileptic drug monotherapy for at and for the first time we map it here from
least 3 months. Patients were evaluated post-weaning to adulthood stages in terms
using Becks depression inventory-IIwhich of distinct molecular and metabolic
is a 21-item measure designed to assess events.
depressive symptoms. The score ranges
from 0-63. Higher score indicate more Material&Method:Hydroalcoholic extracts
depressive symptoms of leaves of Aegle marmelos(L) Correa
(AM-HM) were made , quantification of
Results: In the logistic regression analysis, Rutin (Ru) in both AM-HM and rat plasma
the risk of increased depression using the technique of LC–MS/MS were
antiepileptic treated patients was similar performed and that was utilized to
(odds ratio [OR] = 2.2500; 95% confidence establish the PK/PD correlation. The
interval [CI], 1.1890–4.2579; P = 0.0127). analyte was monitored with negative
35% of the patients on anti-epileptics had electron spray ionization ( ESI), performed
BDI-II score >14 indicating depression, this on Purospher star C18 Column (50
difference was statistically significant. x4.6mm, 3.5 µm,).using gradient elution
mode with a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and
Conclusion: Antiepileptic drugs increases injection volume 20 µL. In vivo oral
risk of depression in patients with epilepsy pharmacokinetic studies done; dose
500mgkg-1 (Ru of AM-
-1
HM:1.973±4.932µgmL ) on wistar rats.
rd
The Tmax/h, Cmax/ngmL-1, t1/2 (h), AUC Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All
(h*ng-1) and AUC0-α (h*ng-1) were found to India Institute of Medical sciences, New
be 1.5±0.866, 15.3±8.022, 0.077±0.019, Delhi-110029, INDIA
60.612±16.558 and 74.268 ±18.502,
respectively. Further our study compares Background: Studies from our laboratories
events over two time periods spanning has already proved the efficacy
from weaning to either puberty (4 weeks) ofAngiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
or adulthood (8 weeks). Study I&II with (ACEI) in ischemic retinopathy. However,
normal control (NDR), chow+drinking the safety of intravitreal ACEI is of concern
water), fructose control (FDR, in therapeutics.
chow+fructose,15%), and treatment (AMR,
chow+fructose,15%+ AM-HM 500mg/kg/d, Objective: The present study was carried
po) for 4/8 week. Both assessed for out to evaluate the toxicity, safety and
changes in metabolic milieu. pharmacokinetics of ACEI (lisinopril) in
rabbits.
Results:FDR increase in feed, fructose
drink, body weight, HOMA IR in both but Methods: For the safety study, following
Study I shown no significant (p<0.05) the baseline ERG recording and fundus
increase in leptin& ghrelin but reverse in photography, 40µg/50µl of lisinopril sterile
Study II. Increased activity of glycolytic injection was injected unilaterally in the
enzymes, glycogen, were seen in rabbit eyes (n=4). The electroretinogram
hepatocytes along with expression of and fundus images were obtained at 24,
GLUT -2 in FDR, changes in TEM& H&E 48, 72 and 168 hours following the
recorded, this more in Study II as intravitreal injection. For pharmacokinetics
compared to control group that were evaluation, one eye of each rabbit (n=4)
favourably reversed by AMR. This indicate received an intravitreal injection of
metabolic cascade initiated even after lisinopril (40µg/50µl). The concentration of
acute fructose intake, although fairly easy lisinopril in the ocular tissues, humours,
to revert by restore downstream signaling plasma, lung, kidney and liver were
pathways to act on fructose transport measured through ESI-LC-MS/MS.
system.
Results: Upon the electroretinography
Conclusion: A.marmelos protects against studies, no significant difference was
fructose induced hepatic insulin resistance observed in the ERG pattern in the
lisinopril injected eye when compared to
Keywords: Adulthood; Aegle marmelos; the baseline of the respective animals till
Fructose;Rutin; Pharmacokinetics, Insulin the 7th day of the study. In the fundus
resistance imaging, no morphological changes were
observed in the retina of the animal. The
FPP-PH-168 concentration of the lisinopril was found
to be above to the IC50 in the retina-
Ocular Kinetics and Safety of Intraviterally choroid till 36 hours. The concentration
Injected Angiotensin Converting Enzyme found in the plasma and body tissues were
Inhibitor Lisinopril many folds less than the IC50 .
Madhu Nath1, Nabanita Halder1, Atul Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of

Kumar1, Thirumurthy Velpandian2 40µg/50µl of lisinopril found to be safe in
the rabbit eye as evidenced by the
1 electroretinography and fundus imaging
Dept. Of Ophthalmology, 2Ocular
studies.
pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra
rd
Key words: Lisinopril, Intravitreal injection, subjected to whole genome expression
ocular safety, electroretinography, microarray. The hybridized arrays were
pharmacokinetics scanned with Agilent’s G2505B microarray
scanner system and the raw data were
MISCELLANEOUS imported into GeneSpring v14.8 software
for further analysis. The differentially
FPP-MISC-169 expressed genes were inferred statistically
(p < 0.01) and by fixed threshold cut-off
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide method at >2-fold change. Differentially
8,13,18 (i.e., FC >2.0 at p < 0.01) expressed genes
Ala -Magainin II Amide (AMA)
were imported to Thompson Reuter’s
Affects Cellular Homeostasis in database using GeneGO MetaCore portal
Cytotrophoblast Cell Line for enrichment, network and pathway
analyses.
Bashir M, Sengupta J, Mehta N, Ghosh D
Results: Treatment with AMA for 24 hours
Department of Physiology, All India resulted in differential (FC >2-fold and P <
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 0.01) expression of 2601 genes. Post-hoc
India analysis of differentially expressed genes
revealed their involvement in molecular
Background: Widespread antibiotic processes, like Apoptosis (BAD, Bax, Bcl-2,
resistance poses a huge challenge to the JunB, JunD), Inflammation-IL6 signaling
modern medicine in recent times and has (gp130, IKK-beta, JAK3, NF-kB, p21, α1-
brought cationic antimicrobial Globin) and Cell adhesion-Integrin-
peptides(CAMPs) on forefront as novel mediated cell-matrix adhesion (Alpha-
antimicrobial drugs.Substantial evidence actinin 4, Collagen IV, Tubulin alpha 1A,
suggests that CAMPs like Ala8,13,18- Tubulin alpha-4A, Tubulin beta 1, Tubulin
magainin II amide (AMA) can exert beta 3). The differentially regulated genes
deleterious action on placental were used as input list for the generation
cytotrophoblast during the process of of networks and the most relevant
syncytialization (Sengupta et al 2011). network found was WNT signaling
network (Dsh, LRP6, p21, p85, WNT) with
Objective: The BeWo cell line has been g- score of 346.93 and with 11 active
widely used as a model for mimicking targets from differentially regulated genes.
cytotrophoblast cell fusion in vitro. In the
present study, the effect of a synthetic Conclusions: It appears from the present
AMA on the transcriptome during the study that administration of AMA
process of syncytialization in BeWo cells adversely affects cellular behavior and
exposed to 1000 ng/ml dose of AMA was homeostasis during the process of
examined. syncytialization by altering the expression
of genes involved in process like apoptosis,
Methods: The BeWo cells were cultured in inflammation, cell adhesion and
25-cm2 flasks at 37oC and 5% CO2 in F12K development. Further studies are required
media with penicillin (100 U/ml), towards better understanding and
streptomycin (100 μg/ml), and 10% (v/v) clarification of the role of AMA during
FBS. The BeWo cells were exposed to AMA syncytialization in primary cytotrophoblast
at 1000 ng/ml and cultures were cells.
terminated after 24 hours AMA exposure.
Following termination, total RNA was
extracted from cultured cells and RNA
samples having RIN score > 8.0 were
rd
FPP-MISC-170 54.94% and encounter with injections
71.93%.
World Health Organization Prescribing
Indicators Used to Assess the CONCLUSION: Although usage of
Medication of Patients in Medicine antibiotics was conforming to WHO
recommended standards, there is a need
Department in a Tertiary Care
to improve prescription pattern in regard
Hospital.
to injectables and usage of generic name.
Aparna.S, Shwetha Oommen, Isabella
Key words: WHO core indicators, generic
Topno
drugs, antibiotics, essential drug list
BACKGROUND: Irrational drug
FPP-MISC-171
prescription is a common phenomenon
which occurs in both developed and
developing countries. It leads to different Role of Oro- Cecal Transit Time in
problems such as misuse, over use, poly Irritable Bowel Syndrome
pharmacy and drug-interaction. This
further leads in the path of ineffective Dr.P.Kiranmayi, Dr.Y.Radhakrishna,
treatment, increased economic burden to Dr.M.P.Geethanjali.
society and prolonged duration of illness.
Dept. of.Physiology, ANDHRA MEDICAL
OBJECTIVE: To assess the drug use pattern COLLEGE, Visakhapatnam.
using World Health Organization (WHO)
prescribing indicators in the medication of Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a
patients in medicine department in a common problem all around the world.
tertiary care hospital. Approximately 20 percent population
suffers from this problem. The common
METHODOLOGY: A total of 253 in patient symptoms are diarrhea, constipation,
prescriptions were analyzed from a bloating and abdominal discomfort. Role
tertiary care hospital. WHO core of intestinal transit has been suggested in
prescribing indicators were used to assess the pathophysiology. Oro-cecal transit
the average number of drugs per time (OCTT) in this study is assessed by
prescription, percentage of drugs hydrogen breath tests.
prescribed by their generic name,
percentage of prescriptions with antibiotic Objective: To study the oro- cecal transit
prescribed, percentage of prescriptions time in patients with Irritable bowel
with injections prescribed and percentage syndrome (IBS) and correlate with IBS
of drugs prescribed from essential drug symptoms.
list.
Materials and Methods: The study was
RESULT: Among the prescriptions analyzed done in a tertiary care, teaching hospital in
169(66.8%) were male and 84(33.2%) north Andhra Pradesh. IBS patients were
were female. Age of patients in the range studied in two subsets. Patients with
of 41-60 years (36.7%) was highest in normal bowel movements were included
number, while patients aged >80(1.5%) in one subset (IBS-N) and constipation
years were less in number. Average predominant patients in the other subset
number of drugs per prescription was 4.7, (IBS-C). All subjects were conducted
drugs prescribed by generic name 29.3%, Lactulose Hydrogen Breath Test to assess
drugs prescribed from essential drug list oro-cecal transit time (OCTT). Incidence of
were 74.8%, encounter with antibiotic SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial
rd
overgrowth) was also noted in all groups the study. The questionnaire was pre-
which can also be determined by the same tested in ten intern students and was
breath test. suitably modified.
Results: Thirty patients were studied in Results: 88% of the students had taken an
each group, Average OCTT in IBS-N was antibiotic in the last six months. Most
96.6(40-150), average OCTT in IBS-C was common condition for which antibiotic
114.4 (100-140).Incidence of SIBO was 60 used was respiratory tract infection
% in IBS-N compared to 30 % in IBS-C. followed by fever. The most common self-
medicated antibiotic was Ampicillin,
Conclusions: Constipation in IBS patients Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole. Most
can be due to prolonged OCTT. Small common reason self-medication is less
Intestinal Bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may expensive when compared to prescription
be the main cause of IBS symptoms in IBS by a doctor, followed by illness not
patients with normal bowel movements. considered serious. The most common
source was previous prescription and from
Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, the drug store.
Constipation, OCTT, Breath test.
Conclusion: The practice of irresponsible
FPP-MISC-172 self-medication by medical students can
have serious implications as they are the
Self-Medication of Antibiotics among future prescribers. Drug-related
Medical Undergraduates in South knowledge and easy access might be the
major reasons for SMA practice. The
India
students should be educated about merits
and de-merits of self-medication. At the
Srikanth., Somashekara S. C., Hooli
policy‑ making level, curbing the easy
Tanuja V.
availability of medications across the
pharmacies and enforcing strict laws
Department of Pharmacology, ESIC
restricting access to antibiotic should be
Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka.
the priority.
Background: Antibiotics are one of the
Keywords: Self-medication, Antibiotics,
commonly used drugs worldwide. Self-
Resistance, Medical students
medication with antibiotics (SMA) can be
defined as the acquisition of antibiotics
FPP-MISC-173
and self-administering them with the aim
of treating perceived infection. SMA
assumes a special importance among A Study of Electrolyte Imbalance in
medical students as they are the future Children Suffering from Acute
prescribers and specialists, and have a Gastoenteritis
potential role in educating the patients
and general population about self- Dr.M.Praveena, Dr.M.P.Geethanjali
medication.
Background:Dehydration and electrolyte
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, imbalance are the main factors of death in
questionnaire based study conducted in diarrheal diseases. The loss of fluid is
March 2015 at a medical college in South associated with loss of many electrolytes.
India. A pre-tested, self-administered
questionnaire was distributed among The most important determinant of ECF
students after explaining the purpose of volume is the total amount (not the
rd
concentration) of sodium in the body, that FPP-MISC-174
reflects the osmolality of body fluids which
are always in equilibrium regarding Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric
tonicity. Oxide on the membrane potential of
Bovine articular chondrocytes.
Objectives:This study is aimed to observe
the electrolyte imbalance in children Vasanthakumar Natesan, Vinay
suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Oommen, Anand Bhaskar.
children below 5 years of age.
Christian Medical College, Vellore,India.
Materials & Methods:70 children below 5
years suffering from acute gastroenteritis
Background: Gaseotransmitters Hydrogen
were included in the study. Serum
Sulfide(H2S),Nitric Oxide(NO) play a key
sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine were
role in Bone-Joint pathophysiology.The
calculated by blood investigations.
effect of H2S and NO on the chondrocyte
Nutritional status and type of dehydration
membrane potential has not been studied
were also assessed before starting the
so far.
treatment.
Objectives: To study the effect of H2S &
Results: Isotonic dehydration was 40% in
NO on the membrane potential of bovine
moderately nourished cases.
chondrocytes.
Hyponatremia and hypokalemia were 60%
and 22.8% respectively.
Material and methods: Patch clamp
recordings were done using Axopatch 200
Conclusion: Hyponatremia is the most
B amplifier in whole cell configuration.
common electrolyte imbalance amongst
Membrane potential of the bovine
the malnourished while Isonatremic
chondrocytes (freshly isolated and
dehydration was more common among
cultured) were recorded in current clamp
normal nourished children. The severity of
mode. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, a
hyponatremia was proportionate to the
potassium channel blocker), L-
degree of dehydration and grade of
Arginine(substrate for nitric oxide
malnourishment. Hypokalemia was more
synthases),Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaHS,a
marked among severely dehydrated cases.
H2S donor) & N-nitro-L-arginine(LNNA,
nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) were used
Thus Isotonic saline could be started in all
to assess their effect on the membrane
cases of diarrhea with dehydration
potential. Standard extracellular & pipette
without waiting for serum sodium report. solutions were used.
In developing countries where
hyponatremic dehydration with potassium
Results: Results expressed as mean ± SEM.
loss is prevalent, Ringer’s Lactate solution
Resting membrane potential of bovine
should be proffered for initial therapy.
articular chondrocytes was -24.26±3.63
mV(n=14).Chondrocyte membrane
Keywords: Isotonic dehydration,
potential with the addition of 500uM
Osmolalilty, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia. NaHS changed from -31.10±7.52 to -
29.19±8.36mV (P=0.600,n=6),with 2mM
NaHS from -33.55±6.83 to -
30.43±7.80mV(P=0.173,n=6),with 1mM L-
Arginine from
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-23.98±6.43 to -27.83±5.01mV (P= perception with child’s perception of
0.374,n=9),with 10mM TEA from weight was evaluated.
-24.99±3.67 to -20.21±3.26mV Results: Parents correctly identified their

(P=0.221,n=14), with 2mM LNNA from - child’s weight status in 75% of normal
30.03±9.80 to 0.53±1.86mV(P=0.109,n=3). weight children, but in only a third of
underweight and overweight /obese
Conclusion:TEA results suggests that children (60% in underweight, over 50% in
potassium channels are involved in overweight). Non-city parents were more
chondrocyte membrane potential likely to identify their children as normal
regulation.LNNA depolarization suggests weight compared to city parents (P=0.01).
that NO plays a key role in chondrocyte There was moderate agreement (Kappa
membrane potential regulation. =0.43; P<0.001) between parent’s
perception of body weight and their child’s
Keywords: Chondrocytes, membrane perception across all weight categories.
potential,hydrogen sulfide,nitric Parents were 80% more likely to want
oxide,LNNA,L-Arginine. their children to be fatter if their children
were underweight. There was a moderate
FPP-MISC-175 agreement (Kappa =0.43; P<0.001)
between perception of body weight by the
parents and the children. Parents (74.5%)
Parental Perception of Child’s Body
and children (62.2%) were likely to
Weight in Urban and Rural School
perceive ‘overweight’ status as “normal/
Going Indian Children thin”, while 76.3% of the parents and
65.9% of the children perceived
Maria Pauline, Sumithra Selvam, Sumathi ‘underweight’ as either ‘normal’ or
Swaminathan, Mario Vaz ‘overweight’.
Department of Physiology, St John’s Conclusions: Parent and child perception

Medical College, Koramangala, Bangalore, of body weight was comparable for
Karnataka, India normal weight, while misperception was
greater in parents of underweight or
Objectives: Parental perception of a overweight children.
child’s body weight is important in the
management of underweight and obesity. Keywords: body image, overweight,
This study aimed to explore parental underweight, children
perception their child’s body weight, with
actual and desired body weight and
FPP-MISC-176
discordance between parental and child’s
perception of body weight.
Comparative Study of Ocular
Methods: The parents of 1579 children Perfusion Presure in Normal Tension
consented to participate in this cross- Glaucoma and Primary Open Angle
sectional study of school going children Glaucoma
aged 8 to 14 years from 7 city and non-city
schools in Karnataka, South India. Parental Banerjee A
perception of their child’s current and
desired/ideal body weight was assessed Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi.
using questionnaires. Height and weight of
children were measured. The Background: Differences in the risk factors
concordance/discordance of parental associated with primary open angle
glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension
rd
glaucoma (NTG) suggest that these two FPP-MISC-177
forms of glaucoma may represent distinct
clinical entities, each with their own Assessment of Depression among
pathogenesis; however the relationship Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A
between them is not clear cut. Cross-Sectional Study.
Objectives: To compare mean ocular
Dr Divyashree C R, Dr Nalini G K
perfusion pressure in POAG and NTG with
healthy controls.
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan
Institute for Medical Sciences, Karnataka
Material & methods: The study was
573201
conducted on 20 patients with NTG (group
ІІ), 20 patients with POAG (group ІІІ) and
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease is a
20 age and sex matched healthy controls
disease that is frequently diagnosed in
(group І) of age between 45-65 years. The
advanced stages when dialysis and renal
basal intraocular pressure (IOP) and
transplantation are the only options.
arterial blood pressure were recorded,
Depression is common in these patients
then mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
due to its high prevalence, reduction in
mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP)
quality of life, and potential to increase
were calculated at rest and in response to
mortality. Large part of the health risk is
stress tests; handgrip testing (HGT) and
associated with depression among the
passive head up tilt (HUT). Data obtained
patients undergoing dialysis due to their
was statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.
inability to adhere to the prescribed
dialysis regimen, diet, and/or medications.
Results: Basal MOPP in group ІІІ was
significantly less (43.52 ± 2.76. p<0.001). In
Objectives: This study aims to assess the
group ІІІ the rise in MOPP was significantly
prevalence & severity of depression
less (p < 0.000) in comparison to group І in
among patients on haemodialysis.
response to handgrip. On passive head up
tilt a highly significant decrease in MOPP
Material and methods: 100 Patients
in group ІІІ , during recovery phase also
admitted in haemodialysis centre at Sri
MAP and MOPP remained significantly
Chamarajendra Hospital, HIMS, Hassan
less in group ІІІ (p <0.000 ) as compared to
were interviewed. Patients were
controls.
requested to complete Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI) &Zung Self - rating
Conclusion: Basal values of MAP and
Depression Scale (Zung SDS), a self-report
MOPP and changes observed during stress
questionnaire to assess depression.
tests and during recovery period indicated
Informed consent was obtained from all
ocular vascular alterations more in POAG
the participants. Descriptive statistics was
than in NTG as compared to normal
applied to infer the findings.
healthy subjects.
Results & Conclusion: The data is
Keywords: perfusion pressure, handgrip,
currently under statistical analysis and the
head up tilt
results will be duly presented at the
conference.
Keywords: Chronic renal failure,

depression, dialysis, treatment adherence,
Beck Depression Inventory, Zung Self -
rating Depression Scale
rd
FPP-MISC-178 girl’s health in the later life restriction of
its usage might delay menarche.
Relation between Age of Menarche
and Exposure to Mass Media: Keywords: age of menarche, exposure to
A Cross Sectional Study mass media
DR T. Sowjanya, Dr Bhagyalakshmi K FPP-MISC-179

Kmc Mangalore, Manipal University
Colour Quantification of Red Cells
Exposed to Synthetic Unconjugated
Background:The timing of menarche is Bilirubin by Computerized Image
crucial in girl’s life and influenced by Analysis
multiple factors .One such factor under
study is excessive use of mass media Prathap M Baby1, Sanu Susan Jacob2,
which could serve as permissive signal to Keerthana Prasad3, Asha Kamath4,
neuroendocrinal system, which controls Chithra George1
onset of puberty.
1
Department of Physiology, Melaka
Objective: To find out relationship Manipal Medical College (Manipal
between age of menarche and exposure to campus), Manipal University, Manipal,
mass media. 2
Department of Physiology, Kasturba
Materials and method: Cross sectional Manipal, 3School of Information Sciences,
study done on 701 school girls of Manipal University, Manipal, 4Department
Mangalore.Systematic random sampling of Community medicine, Kasturba Medical
method was used to select study subjects. College, Manipal University, Manipal.
Data was collected with the help of a
validated questionnaire. Background: Erythrocytes are themselves
capable of binding unconjugated bilirubin
Result :Age of menarche was positively to their membranes, inducing
associated with age at which participants morphological alterations and can also
started viewing mass media (r= 0.228, lead to haemolysis. Bilirubin-erythrocyte
p=0.0001) and we also found that interaction alters the physical, in addition
participants who watched mass media for to the chemical characteristics of the
more than 2 hours had lesser age of erythrocyte membrane. This study
menarche compared to those who explores the colour intensities of live
watched mass media for less than 2 hours erythrocytes when exposed to different
( t=11.71, p=0.03) .There was a significant concentrations of synthetic unconjugated
association between duration of exposure bilirubin.
to mass media and early (<12
years),average(12-13years) and late Objective: To compare the colour
menarche intensities of RBCs exposed to synthetic
groups(≥14years).*X2=10.7732,p=0.004 ] bilirubin with RBCs suspended in
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), using
Conclusion:These findings suggest that computerized image analysis.
early exposure to mass media and
excessive viewing of mass media especially Materials and methods: RBCs from
television could hasten menarche. healthy volunteers (n=17) were exposed to
Sinceearly menarche is well correlated PBS and three concentrations of
with number of detrimental outcomes in unconjugated bilirubin, 1mg%, 5mg% and
20mg%, in vitro. Photo micrographic
rd
images of RBCs were acquired under a Medical Sciences, Karwar,Karnataka. A
100X oil immersion objective at 30 prospective sleep quality of the students
minutes interval of suspension for 2hrs was assesses using Pittsburgh sleep quality
and the images of RBCs were analyzed by index (PSQI) questionnaire. Similar
a modified version of ‘Tissue Quant 1.0’ assessment of sleep quality was done on
software designed for colour the same participants after 10 weeks on
quantification at School of Information one day in the last week of Dec 2016.
Sciences, Manipal University.
Results: On comparing the average scoring
Results: RBCs suspended in all three of various components of PSQI of the
bilirubin solutions exhibited scores of participants during initial and after 3
colour intensities that were significantly months, statistically insignificant
different from RBCs suspended in PBS difference was noted. Improvement in
(p<0.05). At the end of 2hrs of suspension, global PSQI score was seen in 39.67% of
maximum colour score was shown by RBCs participants. On the contrary,
in 20mg% bilirubin solution and the least deterioration in global PSQI score was
by those suspended in 1mg% bilirubin noted in 41.32%. 19.01% of them showed
solution. no change. There is no significant
difference in the prevalence of poor sleep
Conclusion: These findings suggest that quality after 3months. But the subgroup of
image analysis tool is capable of participants with global PSQI score >/5 did
differentiating RBCs among different not remain the same after 3 months.
bilirubin solutions. This study could help
pave way in learning effect of bilirubin on Conclusion: Knowing that sleep
membrane characteristics of erythrocytes disturbance among newly joined medical
in jaundiced patients. students could be due to variety of
stressors in the due course of their
Keywords: Erythrocyte, Bilirubin, Image academics, would help the academic
analysis, counselors, teachers to monitor and
control these stressors to reduce stress
FPP-MISC-180 experienced by these students.
Key words: Sleep Disturbance, PSQI, Stress

Does Sleep Quality Gets Affected
among Newly Joined Medical
Students: A Cohort Study FPP-MISC-181
Dr. Clevin Rashmi Rebello Cross-Sectional Study of

Anthropometric Parameters in
Dept of Physiology, Karwar Institute of Normotensive Offspring of
Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka- Hypertensive Parents
581301
Dr. Seema Tanaji Methre, Meera Dattani
Background: Medical students are
exposed to variety of stressors during the Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital &
course of their study. Research Centre, Sant Tukaram Nagar,
Pimpri, Pune.
Objectives: Prospectively to assess the
sleep quality of newly joined medical Background: Hypertension is a major
students and to compare their initial sleep contributor to the global non
quality with that after three months communicable disease burden affecting
nearly one billion people worldwide.
Materials and Methods: The study was Globally 13% of deaths are related to
conducted over newly joined Ist MBBS hypertension. In the year 2000, India had
medical students of Karwar institute of 41.5 million people with hypertension and
rd
the number is projected to increase by Dr.M.MUHIL, Dr.Nachal Annamalai,
another 5 million by the year 2025. Family Dr.Umapathy sembian
history is an important non-modifiable risk
factor for hypertension. The hereditary Chennai medical college Hospital
nature of hypertension is well known by &Res.centre, Irungalur, Trichy, Tamilnadu
numerous family studies.
Observational cross sectional
Objectives: To measure and correlate the questionnaire based study. This study was
anthropometric parameters of conducted in tertiary teaching Hospital –
normotensive offspring of hypertensive Chennai medical college Hospital &
parents and normotensive offspring of Research centre.
normotensive parents.
Inclusion criteria: Medical students
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional (Undergraduates –I year –final year &
study was carried out in 200 healthy Postgraduates), CRRI & Faculty.
subjects in the age group of 18-20 years
after the approval of the ethical Exclusion criteria: medicos who don’t give
committee of the institute. Height, weight, consent.
body mass index, waist circumference, hip
circumference, fat percentage and blood Duration; Three months
pressure was measured with standard
technique and analysed using chi- square The study has been started after getting
test. Informed consent from the participants
and with the approval of IRB and
Results: 71.4% of males & 45.5% of Institutional Ethical committee clearance.
females of hypertensive parents showed
increased BMI (p = 0.002**). 57.1% of Professionalism is an ancient concept in
males & 56.4% of females of hypertensive medicine exemplified by Hippocratic oath.
parents showed increased body fat Medical Professionalism is a fundamental
percentage (p = 0.01*). 50% of males & aspect of competence which entails
41.8% of females of hypertensive parents positive, identifiable qualities, behavior
showed increased waist circumference (p and attitude that professional should
= 0.000***). 21.4% of males & 10.9% of strive for.
females of hypertensive parents showed
increased diastolic BP (p = 0.04*). Professionalism includes a set of
values and behaviors that reinforce the
Conclusion: Offspring of hypertensive social relationship between the patients
parents should be considered as a special and physicians. The elements of
group with early dietary adjustment and professionalism are Altruism,
lifestyle modifications. Accountability Excellence, Duty, Integrity,
honor and Respect for others.
Keywords: Hypertension, family history,
special, lifestyle modifications The overall goal of Indian medical
education programme (GMR2012) is to
FPP-MISC-182 create an Indian Medical Graduate (IMG)
possessing requisite knowledge, skills,
Assessment of Knowledge of Medical attitudes, values and responsiveness. In
Professionalism among Medical order to function appropriately and
Students &Faculty. effectively in his role as clinician, leader,
member of health care team,
communicator, lifelong learner and a
rd
Professional. IMG must obtain a set of Key words: Altruism, Accountability,
competencies during his/her graduation. Competency, Excellence, IMG, medical
Weak professionalism is the major cause malpractice, professionalism.
for medical malpractice and mortality and
morbidity in patients. Medical students FPP-MISC-183
should learn these values during their
education, but many previous studies Electrophysiological Characterization
showed that certain aspects of of Ion Channel Expression in Cultured
professionalism is not understood
Bovine Chondrocytes
completely by the medical students,
residents and also by the doctors . Medical
Vinay Timothy Oommen, Sathya
students and doctors need to be targeted
Subramani
for teaching and assessment in order to
develop professionally responsible
practitioners. Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore
Methodology:
Background: Culture of articular cartilage
is often performed aiming to increase the
This study includes 870 participants
yield of cells for articular cartilage
including Undergraduate and
transplants. There is a possibility that the
postgraduate medical students, both
functioning of these cells can be altered
males and females (from I- yr MBBS-Final
with prolonged culture.
yr(450+25) including the residents(100)
and Faculty(250) . Pretested validated
questionnaire developed by General Objectives: To analyze the change in
medical council to assess the knowledge of electrophysiological characteristics of
Professionalism was given to the bovine chondrocytes with culture.
participants. The questionnaire will be
based on the honesty, concern about Materials and Methods: Freshly isolated
patient safety, maintaining boundaries bovine chondrocytes were cultured until
with patients, confidentiality, self- confluence. Patch clamp recordings were
appearance & own health, professional performed in the whole cell configuration
excellence. The response was analyzed on freshly isolated cells (day 0), mid
(Descriptive analysis) by SPSS21 software culture (day 4-6) and at confluence (days
to assess their knowledge about 9-11). As the data were not normally
professionalism. distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis test was
used for analysis.
Results &conclusion: the awareness of
professionalism is not completely Results: A significant increase in surface
understood by the preclinical and area (as measured by capacitance) was
paraclinical students. The Junior faculty noted from day 0 to day 4-6 and day 9-11,
&CRRI and need to be sensitized & median value at day 0 was 4.49pF, n=21,
motivated by the senior Faculty members at day 4-6 was 13.6pF, n=24, and at day 9-
who have better acquired the positive 11 was 13.89pF, n=19, p<0.001. A
values of professionalism. Future plan:
depolarizing voltage protocol applied to
With the permission of higher authorities
the cells caused large outward currents,
Separate session can be arranged to
create awareness about professionalism activating at -40mV, inhibited by 10mM
and what the right thing they should do. TEACl, suggestive of currents through
delayed rectifier potassium channels. No
inward currents were noted. There median
rd
current density at +40mV on day 0 was demands of medical education are placed
302.9pA/pF, n=9, on day 4-6 was on students at time of their life when they
50.1pA/pF, n=13 and on day 9-11 was are also involved in issues related to life
332pA/pF, n=13. Although the median style and careers. There is very limited
current density mid culture was low, the data available as of on Indian population
differences between the current densities regarding the link between stress and ABO
in all three groups was not found to be blood groups.
statistically significant (p=0.138).
Objective: To compare stress levels in
Conclusion: The predominant ion channel students with different ABO blood groups.
in bovine chondrocytes was the delayed
rectifier potassium channel. Expression of Materials and Method: Blood grouping
this channel was largely unaltered during was done. The Medical Student Stressor
culture. Questionnaire (MSSQ) is a validated
instrument used to identify sources of
keywords: bovine chondrocyte, patch stress. The items in MSSQ represent 20
clamp, delayed rectifier potassium possible sources of stress in medical
channels students identified from the literature
grouped into six main domains: Academic
FPP-MISC-184 Related Stressor (ARS), Intrapersonal and
Interpersonal Related Stressor (IRS),
Comparative Assessment of Stress among Teaching and Learning Related Stressor
Medical Students in Relation to Abo (TLRS), Social Related Stressor (SRS), Drive
Blood Groups and Desire Related Stressor (DRS) and
Group Activities Related Stressor (GARS).
Dr. Vijaya Vageesh Y, Dr. Rajeshwari L, Dr. Data collected was analysed using SPSS
Rajalakshmi R version 23. Descriptive analysis of levels of
stress in all six domains were presented as
Department of Physiology, JSS Medical frequency & percentages using ANOVA.
College (constituent college of Jagadguru
Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Results: No significant difference was
found in stress levels in students with
S.S. Nagar, Mysuru-570015 different blood groups.
Background: Stress is a term that refers to Conclusions: The study showed that
the sum of physical, mental and emotional students with different blood groups have
strains or tensions on a person. Medical same levels of stress
education can impose significant
psychological stress on undergraduates. Key words: Stress, MSSQ, Blood Groups
Considerable degree of psychological
morbidity has been reported among
medical students ranging from stress,
interpersonal problems and suicidal
ideation to psychiatric disorders and they
tend to have greater psychological distress
than general population. The academic
rd
FPP-MISC-185 Conclusion and Interpretation: Most of
MP measures being normal in those with
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess CTS suggests that they are at early stages
Motor Performance of the Hands in of development of CTS. If proper
the Laboratory Workers of preventive measures are not initiated,
they may progress and lead to late stages
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
which can be quite debilitating. Also
Belgaum workplace factors may affect their work
performance.
Dr. Seema V Kamaraddi
Keywords: Motor Performance (MP),
J.N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, Median Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity
India. (MNCV), Mosso’s Ergography, Hand Grip
Strength, Bimanual Coordination.
Background: Human motor performance
(MP) and motor skills are essential aspects FPP-MISC-186
of the various daily activities. Skilled
laboratory workers are involved in
prolonged duration of skillful, repetitive
Evaluating Functional Gastro
work involving the hands and CTS is Intestinal Disorders in Patients of
associated with sensory and motor Chronic Abdominal Pain- A
abnormalities. However, no previous Prospective Study
studies have assessed the MP in their
hands. Gaurav Gupta1, Sangeeta Gupta 2
1
Objectives: Objectives were to assess MP Department of Surgery, 2Department of
of the hands and relation between MP and Physiology, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala,
workplace factors. Haryana, India
Material and Methods: Present cross- Background: Chronic abdominal pain

sectional study was conducted on 94 (CAP) is a common condition and is often
laboratory workers (technicians and associated with significant health care
attenders). MP was assessed by median utilization and impact on the quality of life.
MNCV, work done and fatiguability, hand A functional etiology particularly,
grip strength and bimanual coordination. Functional abdominal pain syndrome
(FAPS) in adults has psychosocial
Results: Mean values of median MNCV, comorbidity and is a less extensively
work done and time for onset of fatigue studied condition than other common
were normal, but hand grip strength and functional gastro intestinal disorders
efficiency index were slightly less and (FGIDs).
duration of error in executing the task was
slightly more in CTS group, though these Objectives: To evaluate the patients with
differences were statistically not functional gastro intestinal disorders and
significant.. to obtain a data for FAPS in adolescents
and adults in a population from North
Study showed that work pattern as India.
attenders and increased years of
employment were associated with decline Materials and methods: 150 patients in
in MP and increased working hours with the age group of 10-60 years with chronic
better MP. abdominal pain were selected. A careful
history, clinical examination and
rd
investigations were performed to find the for the survival. This treatment of
etiology. transfusion of blood itself has its own side
effects of which infections like hepatitis
Results: 105 out of 150 patients with CAP are dreadful and lead to lifelong infection
were found to be having underlying to the person with no treatment available.
organic causes. FAPS was diagnosed in 3
patients (2%) on the basis of Rome III Hence the study was planned to see find
diagnostic criteria. The treatment of FAPS out the prevalence of hepatitis in the beta
was commenced with a bio psychosocial thalassemia patients who have been
approach with emphasis on an effective receiving blood transfusions since more
doctor patient relationship and specific than 5 yrs. which will help to guide the
measures. blood bank authorities for the screening of
the blood for TTIs.
Conclusion: CAP has an extensive etiology,
yet a detailed history coupled with a Aims and objectives: To study the
complete physical examination and prevalence of hepatitis in patients of beta
investigative profile help to a great extent thalassemia who have been receiving
in diagnosing the cause. FAPS should be regular blood transfusions since more than
diagnosed on the basis of a careful clinical last 5yrs.
history and characteristic pain behavior
during physical examination and only Materials and Methods:This is a cross
targeted investigations should be sectional, single centric, open labeled,
undertaken. observational study in which patients of
beta thalassemia of last five years
Keywords: Chronic abdominal pain, attending thalassemia OPD for the regular
Functional abdominal pain syndrome, blood transfusions were taken in account
Functional gastro intestinal disorders. by taking data from HMIS, electronic
record section of our tertiary care hospital
FPP-MISC-187 as well as patients of beta thalassemia
were attended personally after taking
informed permission from institutional
Study of Prevalence of Hepatitis in
ethics committee. Data collected in a
Multi- Transfused Beta Thalssemia questionnaire with main focus on
Patients complications like HBV & HCV.
Dr. P.A. Sinha, Dr. S. H. Mulkutkar All the collected data is compiled in F
Department of Physiology, Grant Govt. Materials and Method:This study was

Medical College, Byculla, Mumbai – 08 done using cross sectional design. 100
voluntary blood donors coming for
Introduction: The thalassemia is an replacement donation were screened and
inherited hemoglobin chain disorder selected after obtaining informed consent.
characterised by defective synthesis of Information regarding basic demographic
hemoglobin chains, which hence causes variables and personal habits like smoking
hemolysis and impairs erythropoiesis. of each subject were recorded in a pre-
Alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia designed pro-forma. 2 ml of blood was
characterised by defect in alpha chain and collected and analysed using Sysmex
beta chain of hemoglobin respectively. automated analyzer.
Alpha thalassemia is dreadful disorder and
is not compatible with the life while the Result: The MCV and MCH values of in
affected children of beta thalassemia group of smokers was higher than the
require regular lifelong blood transfusions
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values of non-smokers, which were Material & Method: Cross sectional study
statistically significant (p<0.05). Increase in on Second Professional MBBS students
MCHC in smokers was found less marked (142 students) & 24 Interns has been
and non-significant (p>0.05). undertaken. Students were given pre
validated questionnaire & their feedback
Conclusion:It has been concluded that received & analyzed.
smoking causes persistent state of hypoxia
in the body due to smoke contents which Results:86.75% participants in present
cause increase in MCV and MCH. This study term level of hygiene & cleanliness
effect should be considered while in mortuary as poor. 90.36% do not agree
interpreting red cell indices values in that infrastructure in mortuary is adequate
different clinical scenarios.Early changes in for PM demonstration. 85.54% felt that
hematological values could be used to real cadaver have to be preferred over
encourage a healthier lifestyle. virtual alternatives. 55.42% consider
present pattern of postmortem
Key Words: Smoking, MCV, MCH, MCHC demonstrations to be effective in
achieving desired outcomes. Majority (60-
FPP-MISC-189 80%) rate the competence & confidence to
undertake autopsy independently from 2-
Perception of Undergraduate Medical 3 on a scale of 0-5.
Students on Medicolegal Autopsy
Conclusions:The present study suggests
Demonstrations as Teaching-Learning
that medical students appreciate the
Medium in Second Professional MBBS importance of autopsy demonstrations as
Curriculum a teaching learning method. They feel that
there is immense scope for improvement
Dr. Shashidhar Prasad Garg1, Dr Vidya with regards to infrastructure, timing &
Garg2, Dr D. K. Mishra1 active participation of students.
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Key Words: Autopsy Demonstration,
2
Department of Physiology, S. S. Medical MBBS Curriculum
College, Rewa (MP)
FPP-MISC-190
Background: Forensic Medicine subject is
part of MBBS curriculum for Second
Introduction of Case Based Learning in
Professional (3rd to 5th Semester). Learning
of concept & technique of postmortem the Department of Physiology at
examination is imparted to medical IGIMS, Patna.
students during autopsy demonstrations.
Present study therefore is undertaken to Manish Kumar, Ashok Sharan, Tarun
study perception of undergraduate Kumar, Sunita.
medical students of S. S. Medical College,
Rewa (M.P.) on educational outcome & Indira Gandhi institute of Medical
suggested improvements on medicolegal Sciences, Patna.
autopsy demonstrations to students.
Background: Case Based Learning (CBL) is
Objectives: To determine perception of student centric and it allows for interactive
undergraduate medical students regarding teaching, self-directed and motivated
current scenario & practice of practical learning. CBL requires students to recall
teaching & demonstration of medicolegal previously covered material to solve
autopsy to students clinical cases.
rd
Objectives: To assess effectiveness of CBL Department Physiology, Seth G S Medical
over Lecture based learning (LBL) College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai
To assess perception of the Students Background: Inclusion of simulations

towards CBL into the curriculum of medical students
has seen significant growth. Simulations
Methodology: Case based learning was can be classified into low, moderate or
introduced along with didactic lectures in high fidelity. As most of the simulators are
the Physiology teaching curriculum, during expensive so in this study we have made
a tutorial class. an attempt to develop an inexpensive, low
fidelity simulators& explore its usefulness
Modified “Seven Jump’’ method was in teaching clinical examination (cranial
adopted for CBL. The study group (n=80) nerves III, IV, VI & free fluid in the
was divided into Group A (40 students) peritoneal cavity)
and Group B (40 students). In tutorial for
regulation of blood pressure for Group A Objectives:
was conducted using CBL and for Group B,
it was conducted using LBL method. 1. To develop a low fidelity
Methodology was reversed for groups in simulator.
tutorial class for basal ganglia.
2. To assess the effectiveness of low
Assessment test in form of MCQ was fidelity simulators.
conducted. Inter group comparison was
done using unpaired t- Test Three-point Material and methods: This study is a pilot
Likert scale questionnaire having nine study. Questionnaire based on five points
questions was used to assess their Likert’s scale. Total number of 30 students
perceptions about effectiveness of CBL. were randomly recruited from the first
MBBS & divided into batches of 10-15. A
Result: In case of regulation of Blood session of 20 to 30 minutes was
Pressure the difference in scores of the conducted for each examination &
assessment test was not statistically feedback was collected thereafter. Data
significant (Group A15±0.84, Group B analyzed.
16±0.67). Similar result was obtained for
basal ganglia. Analysis of questionnaire Results: Of the 30 subjects,
favoured CBL in tutorials. 96.5%=effective, 93.4%=engaging,
66.7%=motivated to read more about the
Conclusion: In tutorial classes’ students topic, 93.3%= better understanding of
preferred CBL as preferred mode of clinical examination by this modality,
instruction. 96%=found it to be a better teaching
modality.
Key Word: Case Based Learning, Lecture
based leaning Conclusion: The above result has proven
that the use of low fidelity simulators in
FPP-MISC-191 teaching Physiology to 1st MBBS students
is beneficial for their understanding of
Students’ Perception of “Low Fidelity clinical examination.
Simulators’’ in Teaching Physiology.
Keywords: Simulation, Physiology, clinical
Kate M, Hirkani M,Kamath R examination, Likert’s scale, peritoneal
cavity, cranial nerves
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FPP-MISC-192 more informative and interesting for the
medical students.
Approach of Medical Students
towards Physiology Learning: A Material and Methods: A pre-tested
Feedback Study from Two Medical Questionnaire prepared by the authors
was used to seek the information from
Schools in a Sub Himalayan State of
medical students regarding various
India.
parameters of learning and their
difficulties while learning Physiology and
Sabita Yograj1, Anjali Nadir Bhat2, Geetika also their opinion regarding the
Gupta1,Leela Kalsotra1, Rajiv Kumar improvement in teaching the subject. It
Gupta3 was administered to 1000 MBBS students,
1
500 each from ASCOMS & Hospital, Sidhra,
Dept. of Physiology, ASCOMS & Hospital, Jammu and Govt. Medical College (GMC),
Sidhra, Jammu (J&K), 2Dept. of Physiology, Jammu (J&K). Data thus collected was
3
Dept. of Community Medicine, GMC, analysed and Chi-square test was used as
Jammu (J&K). test of significance.
Background: Demands of best health care Results: Approximately, 80% of students

necessitate the revamping of the medical each from both the colleges were
curriculum including Physiology which is affirmative of importance of lectures and
the core of medical teaching in first practicals also and about 60% each voted
profession MBBS. Prior to revamping the that the lecture notes were useful. Higher
curriculum we need to study the merits proportion of ASCOMS students reported
and demerits of the old curriculum. tutorials as tool in subject learning
Students’ feedback is considered as one of (p<0.05).More than 80% students of either
the best methods for this, due to their colleges emphasized the need of reference
direct involvement and remains the books in case of difficulty while very few
cornerstone of this revamp students interacted with their class
fellows, seniors and teachers during this.
Objectives: Students’ feedback regarding Lower proportion of GMC students used
the learning methodology, difficulties previous physiology exam papers for help
towards learning Physiology and opinion (p<0.05).About 40%, 30% and 20% of the
regarding the improvement in teaching students from each medical college were
will be collected from two medical schools in favour of the use of overhead
in the Jammu province of Jammu projector(OHP), power point presentation
andKashmir (J&K). (PPT) and chalk and blackboard
respectively while teaching Physiology.
Then comparing this data from two Students of either colleges underlined the
medical schools to see if their opinions importance of clinical problems in
differ or not? understanding physiology and laid stress
on its use more often along with the
The information gathered by the authors integrated teaching (p>0.05).
will give a feedback regarding the medical
student’s favoured methods of learning Conclusion: Students underscored the
Physiology, the drawbacks involved and importance of lectures, tutorials and
their perspective of teaching practicals in physiology learning while
improvement. clinical problems were elicited to be highly
useful. Students also opined in favour of
The information so gathered might help integrated teaching. Authors emphasise
the medical fraternity in mapping the the use of hybrid methods like OHP, PPT
Physiology curriculum in a way to make it
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and chalk and blackboard while teaching test and P<0.05 was considered the level
with addition of interactive teaching of significance.
sessions like group discussions and
problem based learning along with the Results: The PBL group showed a better
integrated teaching. Further, teacher outcome in the academic scores (8.93)
student relationship needs to be more compared to LBL group academic scores
open, encouraging and friendlier. (4.43), which was statistically significant
(P<0.001).
Key words: Physiology, Curriculum,
learning methodology, medical students, Conclusion: This study showed that PBL
medical schools. compared to traditional LBL has a positive
impact on academic performance in
FPP-MISC-193 Medical education. PBL results in
numerous benefits like greater depth of
Comparative Study of Lecture Based understanding of concepts, broader
Learning versus Project Based knowledge base and improved
Learning on Academic Performance communication skills.
among Medical Undergraduates.
Keywords: PBL, LBL, academic
1 2 performance, MCQ’s, SAQ’s,
Sunitha.G , Pooja Sarmah
communication
1
of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of
FPP-MISC-194
Medical Sciences and Research Centre,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The Study of Emotional Intelligence
and Perceived Stress in First Year
Background: In today’s world, students MBBS Students
should be globally competent, problem
solvers, critical thinkers, technology Dr.Shirin Bashir Attar1, Dr. Dhangauri
literate and collaborative. These Shenvi2
characteristics cannot be taught through
1
traditional lecture based learning (LBL) and Department of Physiology, R.C.S.M.
therefore, Project based learning (PBL) can Government Medical College,Kolhapur,
be one of the best ways to that. There is Maharashtra, 2Department of Physiology,
very limited research on the impact of PBL Seth G. S. M. C. and K.E.M. Hospital,
in medical education, therefore this study Mumbai, Maharashtra
is designed to assess whether the
academic performance is better in PBL Background: Emotions have effect on
than LBL. almost all aspects of life i.e. decision
making, behavior, interpersonal relations,
Materials and methods: The present study profession, etc. and are accompanied by
was a quantitative interventional study physiological and behavioral changes in
consisting of 96, 2nd Year MBBS Students. the body. Emotional intelligence is
Among 96 students, 48 were randomly increasingly discussed as having a
selected for traditional LBL and another 48 potential role in Medicine, Nursing and
for PBL. Academic performance was other healthcare professions. Stress has
assessed through MCQ’s (Multiple Choice been identified as being high for students
Questions) and SAQ’s (Short Answer in healthcare courses.
Questions). The parameters were analysed
for statistical significance using paired ‘t’ Objectives: This study is aimed to
calculate the Emotional intelligence and
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perceived stress and also to study their Objective: To study whether CTRP3 Levels
relationship with each other in first year are related to cardiac autonomic tone in
MBBS students. obesity.
Materials and Methods: All apparently Materials and methods: Sixty subjects
normal and healthy 180 volunteers of first were recruited from general population
year MBBS students of tertiary health into the studyand control groups, based
center were included in the study. The on Body mass index (BMI as kg/m2). There
emotional intelligence score was were no drop outs. Newly diagnosed, drug
calculated with the help of Schutte EI naïve obese subjects with BMI 25-
scale. The perceived stress score was 35kg/m2 of both genders, aged 18-40yrs,
calculated with PS scale. The scores were with no associated co-morbidity or
calculated at two occasions, first on substance abuse, were grouped as CASES
admission and second just before final first (n=30) and compared with age, sex and
year MBBS exam. socioeconomic status matched CONTROLS
(n=30) with BMI 19-22kg/m2 . Autonomic
Result: There is significant inverse function tests including heart rate
correlation between perceived stress scale variability (HRV) were assessed in both
(PSS) and emotional intelligence (EI) score groups using AD Instruments Finometer-
among both on admission and before final Midi system (Model 2) and lead-II ECG
exam group. using standard limb leads, and analyzed
offline on Labchart Pro 8 software,
Conclusion: We can conclude that medical alongwith anthropometric and fasting
students showing higher Emotional serum CTRP3 levels.
intelligence scores suffered less perceived
stress and higher EI might serve as a buffer Statistical analysis: Unpaired Student’s t-
for stress. test and Pearson’s correlation and linear
regressionusing SPSS-20 software. Data
Key Words: Emotional Intelligence (EI), was presented as mean ± SD. p<0.05 was
Perceived Stress (PS) considered significant.
FPP-MISC-195 Results: CTRP3 levels correlated inversely

with LF/HF ratio(p<0.01)in obese group.
Correlation of C1q/TNF-Related We alsofound increased LF/HF
ratio(p<0.001) and lower serum CTRP3
Protein-3 (CTRP3) Levels with Cardiac
levels(p<0.001), HRV variables–
Autonomic Tone in Obesity – A Case
RMSSD(p<0.001), pRR50(p<0.001), E:I
Control Study. ratio(p=0.02), 30:15 ratio(p=0.003) and
valsalva ratio(p=0.01) in cases.
Dr Neha Bindlish, Dr Asha Yadav, Dr.
Nilima Shankar, Dr. Rafat Ahmed Conclusion: As the CTRP3 levels decrease
in obesity, there is decreased
University College of Medical Sciences & parasympatheticcardiac autonomic tone in
Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, India. obesity. Henceforth, improving CTRP3
levels may be beneficial for cardiovascular
Background: CTRP3 is a novel adipokine, implications in obesity.
physiological functions of which are
largelyunknown. To the best of our Key words: CTRP3, obesity, heart rate
knowledge, no study yet explored the variability-HRV parameters(RMSSD,
clinical characteristics of CTRP3 with pRR50, LF/HFratio), E:I ratio, 30:15 ratio,
autonomic functions in obesity. valsalva ratio
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FPP-MISC-196 in endometrium: 21/47weredifferentially
regulated with FC >2.0 and p value < 0.05
Expression of genes involved in and these were validated in qRT-PCR
epithelial-mesenchymal transition analysis. Of these, 18 genes were up-
(EMT) is dysregulated in eutopic regulated in eutopic endometrium: 3 genes
(DAB2, ILK and TGFBR2) being overtly
endometrium of patients with ovarian
linked with EMT, 9 genes (TWIST1, SMAD3,
endometriosis RHOA, RAC1, LEF1, ID2, GRB2, CDC42, and
ACTA2) linked with cellular processes
BHAT MA1, SHARMA JB2, SENGUPTA J1, requiring EMT involvement and 4 genes
GHOSH D1 (BCL2, DDX5, TANK, and TRADD) indirectly
1
linked with EMT. However 5 genes (BMP7,
Department of Physiology, 2Department CREB1, DOCK2, ITGB3 and IL6) were down-
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India regulated in eutopic endometrium but
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, these were distantly linked to EMT.
India
Conclusions: Dysregulation of genes
Background: Various physiological involved in EMT process may render
processes are reportedly altered in eutopic enhanced migration and attachment of
endometrium of women with endometrium at ectopic sites, contributing
endometriosis, which render it to attach at to the distinct pathophysiology of
ectopic sites such as ovary and endometriotic lesions.
peritoneum. Epithelial -mesenchymal
transition (EMT) is one such important FPP-MISC-197
process which helps in migration and
attachment of eutopic tissue to the
ectopic sites.
A Pilot Study to Assess the Effect of
BhramariPranayama on Heart Rate
Objectives: Expression levels of genes Variability
involved in EMT were examined among
women with and without ovarian Kankan Gulati, Sachin Kumar Sharma,
endometriosis based on whole human Niranjan Kala, Shirley Telles and Acharya
transcriptomic analysis followed by their Balkrishna
validation using qRT-PCR protocol.
Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar,
Methods: Endometrial samples were India.
collected from patients with stage IV
ovarian endometriosis (n = 27) and Background: Pranayamais one of the most
patients without endometriosis (n = 26). important yogic practices. Previous studies
Total RNA was extracted, followed by suggest that following pranayama practice
expression microarray from samples with there is a shift towards parasympathetic
RIN > 8.0 (n = 50). EMT- related genes (243) activity and decreased LF/HF ratio.
were selected from Thompson Reuter’s However, all the studies have limited
database using GeneGO MetaCore portal intervention time to five minutes only.
followed by customized in-silico
microarray data analysis using GeneSpring Objectives: To study the immediate effect
v14.8. Differentially (i.e., FC >2.0 at p < of bhramari pranayama on HRV.
0.05) expressed genes were validated by
qRT-PCR. Materials & Methods: Ten healthy male
volunteers with at least six months of prior
Results: Out of 243 EMT assosciated experience of yoga with mean and
associated genes, 47 genes were expressed standard deviation age of 25.8 ± 2.98 years
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were recruited. Assessments were taken voluntary force that the subject is able to
before and immediately after the practice exert under normal biokinetic conditions.
of pranayama. Participants performed
bhramari pranayama for three sessions, Objectives: This study reveals the hand
five minutes each followed by one minute grip strength in persons work outing in
of rest period after each session. The study gymnasium.
was self as control study where each
participant was assessed for two Methods and Materials:My study
interventions on consecutive days i.e., population consists of 60 adult subjects
bhramari pranyama and quiet sitting. The with age ranging from 20 to 50 years .The
two interventions were assigned randomly participant is asked to be in a standing
using an online randomizer. This study has position,arms at their side,not touching
been approved by ethics committee of their body and keeping their elbow bent
Patanjali Research Foundation. slightly, the test is administered on both
hands.The participant to squeeze the
Trends/Inferences: Considering that this dynamometer with as much force as
was a pilot study with a sample size of ten possible.Three trials are made with a
subjects, no statistics was attempted. pause of about 10-20 seconds between
Trends indicate that there was an increase each trial to avoid the effects of muscle
in low frequency spectrum, reduction in fatigue. The results of each trial are
high frequency spectrum of HRV and an approximated to the nearest kilogram.The
increase in LF/HF ratio when compared to best 3 measurements (i.e. the highest
the baseline recording. three)are measured.The results are
compared between before and after
Conclusion: The study shows a trend of exercise.
increased sympathetic activity and
reduced parasympathetic activity Results: There is significant
immediately after the practice of bhramari change(p<0.01) in the hand grip strength
pranayama. of the persons before and after isometric
exercise.There is also a significant result
Keywords: bhramari pranayama, heart between the dominant and non dominant
rate variability, yoga hand grip strength(p<0.05).There is
difference in hand strength between age
FPP-MISC-198 and gender.
Assessment of Hand Grip Strength Conclusion:We conclude that the factors

Before and After Isometric Exercises that influence the strength of the
in Gymnasium grip,includes muscle strength,hand
dominance,fatigue,time of
day,age,nutritional status,restricted
Vinith.M.V,Dr.N.S.Muthiah
motion and pain.
Sree Balaji Medical College
Keywords:Hand grip
strength,gym,isometric muscle strength
Introduction:Hand grip dynamometer is
an instrument used to measure maximal
isometric grip.Reliable and valid evaluation
of hand strength can provide an objective
index of general upper body strength.The
power grip is the result of forceful flexion
of all finger joints with the maximum
rd
FPP-MISC-199 significant increase in the power of Low
Frequency component in normalized units
Heart Rate Variability in children with (LF nu) and significant decrease in power
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity of high frequency(HF) component in
disorder (ADHD) before and after absolute (ms2) as well as normalized units
(nu) after methylphenidate treatment.
treatment with Methylphenidate.
The increase in LF indicates an enhanced
sympathetic activity whereas the decrease
Dogra P1,Mondal S1,Bandhu R1,Kataria D2. in HF indicates a decrease in the
1 Parasympathetic activity. The LF: HF ratio
Department of Physiology, 2Department showed a significant increase after 12
of Psychiatry, Lady Hardinge Medical weeks of MPH treatment indicating shift of
College & Smt.S.K. Hospital, New Delhi. sympathovagal balance towards
sympathetic dominance. On the Time
Background: Attention- Domain Parameters the RMSSD decreased
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is significantly after methylphenidate
one of the most common psychiatric treatment indicating reduced HRV.
disorders in children and adolescents with
estimated worldwide prevalence of 5.29 Conclusion:The present study shows that
%. ADHD is associated with autonomic with methylphenidate therapy as the
dysfunction which gets further modulated ADHD scores improved, the autonomic
with drug therapy. The heart rate balance shifted in favor of sympathetic
variability (HRV) is validated indicator of preponderance. Moreover reduction in
the cardiac- autonomic system activity and RMSSD indicates reduced HRV and
can be used to study the same in ADHD warrants cautious use of methylphenidate
before and after treatment. in patients vulnerable to cardiac
arrhythmias.
Objectives: There are few prospective
studies to evaluate the changes of HRV Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
parameters before and after disorder (ADHD), methylphenidate, heart
methylphenidate treatment in drug naive rate variability (HRV).
patients with ADHD. Thus the present
study was planned with the objective of
studying the same among Indian
population.
Material and methods: The study

approved by IEC for human research
included 52 patients of ADHD diagnosed
by a psychiatrist were recruited from the
Psychiatry OPD of Smt. Sucheta Kriplani
Hospital, New Delhi. After informed
written consent the Baseline ADHD
Conners rating score and HRV were
recorded. The patients then received
methylphenidate therapy. The above
parameters were repeated after 12 weeks
of study period.
Results: There was a significant

improvement (decrease) in the Conners
scores. HRV parameters showed a
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rd
(Official Journal of Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of lndia)
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IJPPAZ 61 (5) (2017) ISSN 0019-5499

Volume 61 - Number 5 - Supplement 2017

63nd Annual Conference of

Editorial Group, APPICON 2017

Based on Research Presentations at the APPICON

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Published by:- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Contents Page No.

2. Key note address 3

3. Symposium Abstracts 4-27

4. APPI Awards 28-34

6. Harish Gupta UG Award 42-43

7. Research Papers Oral Presentation 44-104

8. Research Papers Poster Presentation 105-236

Material and methods: The principal author Acknowledgements: The authors

MicroRNAs in Diabetic Heart: from Biomarker to Target for Therapy

Dr. Rajesh Katare

Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, New Zealand.

SYMPOSIUM 1: Physiological SHA/01

Predicting Susceptibility to High SHA/03

3. A Trilayer Model for Studying the A significant leap in drug delivery is an

Quantificatio Sleep Quality of Sleep Circadian Sleep Sleep-Wake

Technology and Sleep Disorders Several observational studies have shown

With advent of Smart Phones, Watches Computer Assisted Sleep Scoring

Mobile Device Wearable Embedded Desktop Accessory

Sunriser Basis Peak Early Sense SleepyHead Resmed S+

ENTRAIN Sleep Image Sense with Sleep

These Computer assisted scoring systems

Evaluation of Sports persons and In aeronautics and space research: study

Resistance to angular acceleration is Exercise Physiology is the study of how

Metabolic Mill: Two phases of oxygen debt.

Reasons for testing metabolic domains: SYMPOSIUM 6: Slow Deep Breathing:

Common field tests for VO2 max:

Maj. Gen. S L Bhatia Oration Chrono lab at department of physiology

Manish Goyala Conclusion: Decreased heart rate

Asst. Professor, Dept. of Physiology, All C L Malhotra Research Prize

Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.05)

Trial design: Single blind randomized Key words: Pain assessment,

Key words: COPD related gene Conclusion: The study attempted to

Batabyal T1, Muthukrishnan SP2, Keywords: emotional interference,

Objectives:This study was aimed to Department of Physiology, M.G.M.

Material and methods:The present study Background: The hormonal fluctuations

AW-HG-001 cardiovascular parameters on ingestion of

AW-HG-003 Conclusion:These findingsbring to light a

data of two blocksand each trial type in a

FP-NP-001 Results: Face Word block (word as

Methods &Materials: An observational Material & Methods: Twenty-eight newly

Objectives: To study the cortical correlates 1

Background:The herb Gymnemasylvestre Keywords: Gymnemasylvestre, sweet,

Objectives: The present study investigates Tamilselvan K, Nirmala N, Godson Titus

Result: The comparison between the Objective: To compare the thresholds of

D Wave is better than TcMEP Result: D wave was recorded in all 24

Dr.Mamathashree.C, Dr.Prashanth.K.S, Conclusion:Myopes have better mental

Background: Fixed orthodontic therapy FP-NP-014

Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep and Neuronavigation (NeNa) is one of the

Background:Chronic hypoxic stress is Conclusion:Salidroside demonstrates

Methodology:The study was done on Department of Physiology, Amity Institute

Visual Evoked Potential in Non- Conclusion: The increase in the latency of

Background: Parental history of type II Keywords: Visual evoked potential,

Methods: The present cross-sectional Department of Physiology, Sri

Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS

Background:Hypertension is known for its

Results: Association ofserum uric acid Methods:Thirty-five healthy young adults