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Model Question Paper for the Post of Section Engineer(Design)

Questions Related to B&S Directorate:

1. Write steps for design of pre stressed concrete girders.


2. Describe different type of losses in pre stress encountered in the pre
tensioning and post tensioning systems.
3. Describe advantages of pre stressing concept. Differentiate between pre
tensioning and post tensioning systems.
4. Write different types of bearings used in PSC girders.
5. Write short notes:- (any four)
(a) Limit State Design & working stress design.
(b) Seismic Design of bridges.
(c) Transmission Length & Burting Zone.
(d) Thrust Lime.
(e) Partial Pre-stressing.
6. Describe different types of cement.
7. What is different type of tests of cement?
8. Differentiate between major, minor and important bridges
9. Write short notes:- (any four)
(a) CDA.
(b) MBG Loading.
(c) HM Loading.
(d) Longitudinal forces.
(e) Under Reinforced & over Reinforced beam.
(f) Singly Reinforced & Doubly Reinforced beam.
10. Define the following:- (any four)
(a) Influence line Diagram.
(b) Balanced section of RCC beam.
(d) Long column & short column.
(e) Yield point & Elastic limit .
(f) Poison ratio.
11. Draw shear Force & Bending Moment Diagram – (any three)
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
12. A Rectangular beam is 20 cm wide and 40 cm deep upto the center of
reinforcement. Find the reinforcement required if it has to resist a moment
of 40 kNm. Assure M20 mix and Fe 415 steel.
13. Design a short column square in section to carry an axial load 2000 kN
using Fe 415 grade steel and M20 mix.
14. A beam is pre-stressed by a cable carrying an initial pre-stress of 500
N/mm2. Calculate % loss of pre-stress due to shrinkage of concrete if the
beam is (i) pre-tensioned and (ii) post-tensioned. Age of concrete at
transfer 7 days.
15. Calculate forces in all members:

16. An I section as shown in figure below has been used as beam on an


effective span of 6m and to any a uniformly distributed load 2t/m on the full
span. Determine the maximum bending stresses and average shear
stress.
17. Describe the following:- (any two)
(a) Reasons for failures of riveted joints.
(b) Strength of riveted joint.
(c) Efficiency of Riveted joint.
(d) Rivet value (RV).
18. Calculate the strength of one 22mm diameter rivet (a) in single shear (b) in
double shear. The allowable shear stress in rivets is 100N/mm2.
19. Calculate the value of a 20mm dia rivet used in a double covered butt
joint. The thickness of the Main Plates is 16mm and that of cover plates is
9mm each. – Assume – Ps = 90N/mm2, Pbr = 270N/mm2.
20. Calculate the value of a 30mm dia rivet in a Lap Joint Connecting Plates
of thickness 20mm & 25mm. Assume Ps = 100N/mm2, Pbr =300N/mm2.
21. Design a lap joint to connect a plate 150mm x 10mm with the flange of a
column. The joint should be designed to develop full strength of the plate -
Allowable tensile stress Pt= 150N/mm2, Ps = 90N/mm2 and Pbr =
270N/mm2.
22. Write down the forces to be considered in the design of PCC Bridge pier.
23. Write down the forces to be considered in the design of PCC Bridge
abutment.
24. Enumerate the load combinations as per IRS Bridge Substructure Code to
be considered in the design of pier/abutment.
25. List out the design steps for the design of mass Concrete Bridge Piers.
26. List out the design steps for the design of man Concrete Bridge
Abutments.
27. Find out the force due to water current in the direction of flow of water,
acting on the area of pier as shown in the diagram:-
Assume
Velocity of water current = 3 m/s
K for semi circular cut = 35
28. Find out the maximum & minimum stresses at the base of the mass
Concrete pier for the forces & moments given below:-
Total vertical load P = 522.72 t
Moments about x-x (max.) = 323.89 tm
Moments about y-y (max.) = 44.64 tm

Section at the base of the pier


29. What is the purpose of providing surface reinforcement in the design of
mass concrete/masonry bridge substructure?
30. What is the advantage of well foundations over pile foundations?
31. List out the type of foundations normally provided in Railway Bridges.
32. Explain the significance of LWL & HFL (Low water level & highest flood
level) for checking foundation pressure.
33. Write down the provision in IRS Code to increase the design discharge in
case of foundation design.
34. How the depth of foundation is decided in case of well foundations?
35. What is the specification for backfill material to be provided behind the
abutment.
36. Write down the various seismic zones in the country based on IS: 1893.
37. Define major and minor Bridges.
38. Write down the condition when modal analysis is required for the design of
bridge substructure as per provision in IRS Code.
39. Write short notes on the following:- (any four)
(a) Pier and abutment.
(b) Well foundation.
(c) Pile foundation.
(d) Hydrodynamic forces.
(e) Force due to water current.
(f) Highest flood level.
(g) Components of well foundation.
40. Write short notes on the following:- (any four)
(a) Low water level.
(b) Maximum scour depth.
(c) Founding level of well.
(d) Seismic forces.
(e) Major and minor bridge.
(f) Back fill material behind the abutment.
(g) Bed block for abutment & piers.
(h) Dynamic augments.
41. Draw a sketch of well foundation showing its various components.
42. What is the provision in IRS Code for Factor of Safety to be adopted
against overturning and sliding in foundation design of bridges.
43. What are the conditions which will give rise to the secondary stresses.
44. Describe the centrifugal forces for a bridge on curve.
45. Describe the design procedure of open web girder bridges.
46. Write short notes on the loads to be considered for the design of open
web girder.
47. Describe the following in details in open web girder:-
(a) Truss Girder Bridges.
(b) Types of Truss.
(c) Bracing of Truss Girder Bridge.
(d) Lateral Bracing.
(e) Portal Bracing.
48. Draw a neat sketch of a through type truss bridges components.
49. Describe General Requirements for compression Members in open web
girder.
50. Describe General requirements for tension members in open web girder.
51. Describe the following in open web girder-
(a) Connection at intersection.
(b) Intersection at joints.
52. What is the maximum minimum pitch of rivets & bolts in Open Web Girder.
53. Describe the procedure for preparation of camber diagram in open web
girder.
54. Write short notes on:-
(a) Transverse load.
(c) Eccentricity in the connections.
(d) Moments due to out of plane members.
55. Draw influence lines of forces for various members in the given diagram
(Assume suitable data).

56. What is the function of bridge bearings in open web girder?


57. Write short notes on:- (any three)
(a) Sliding Bearing.
(b) Rocker Bearing.
(c) Roller Bearing.
(d) Gusset plates.
(e) PTFE Pot Bearing (PTFE).
58. (a) What do you understand by the master list of drawings.
(b) What is the difference between the drg. No. i.e. RDSO/B and
RDSO/BA.
59. What do you understand by the BGML, RBG, MBG, and HM standard
bridge loadings. Give axle load and TLD of these loadings.
60. (a) What is the latest Bridge Rules criteria for dispersion of longitudinal
forces on bridges as per IRS Bridge Rules?
(b) How an item in BSC is included and how it is recommended to be
followed on Zonal Railways.
61. Write down the advantage and disadvantage of welding joints. How may
types of welding joints are used normally.
62. Write Short Notes on any four-
(a) Different loading standards on Indian Railways.
(b) Rivet value.
(c) Major and Miner bridges.
(d) Advantage and disadvantages of welding joints.
(e) Lap and Butt riveted joints.
(f) EUDL.
Objective types Questions (fill in the blanks/choose right answer)
1. If two equal forces F act at angle 120 0 (degrees), their resultant will be
equal to ----------------------.
2. One MPa is equal to ………………..KN/mm2
3. The materials which have the same elastic properties in all directions are
called …… .
4. The concrete and steel used in pre-stressed concrete member are of
……….
5. The pre-stressing steel in a pre-stressed concrete element is normally
referred as ………….
6. Grouting is necessary in ……….. Pre-stressed member.
7. The minimum 28 days cube compressive strength prescribed in IRS: CBC
for pre-tensioned pre-stressed member………….
8. Modules of Elasticity of IS: 14268 low relaxation class-II pre-stressing
steel is …… as per IRS: CBC.
9. Modulus of elasticity if M45 grade concrete is ……… as per IRS: CBC.
10. As per IRS: CBC tensile strength of M25 grade concrete will be………… .
11. Design crack width for pre-stressed concrete member is ………. As per
IRS: CBC
12. 76th BSC was held on ……….. at ……
13. In IRS:CBC …………. A&C Slips have been issued till Jan. 2007.
14. As per IRS:CBC, minimum deck width is ……………
15. The stress produced by a suddenly applied load is ………. the static
stress.
16. The capacity for being drawn out plastically before breaking is called
………… of the material.
17. The ratio of maximum and average shear stress in circular section is
………..
18. The ratio of maximum and average shear stress in rectangular section is
………. .
19. Which type of pre-stressed member has more amounts of losses, pre-
tensioned or post-tensioned.
20. At a section of beam, where bending moment is maximum ……… is zero.
21. At a section of beam, where bending moment is minimum, shear force
is………
22. At a point of centre flexure in a beam the bending moment is ……
23. The graphical representation of principal stresses is ……..
24. A cantilever of span L has a moment M acting at the free end. The shear
force at the free end will be…….
25. A simply supported beam L has two loads W acting L/4 from both ends,
the shear force at mid span will be. ……….
26. Where the rate of loading is zero, the BM will very ………..
27. A simply supported rectangular beam loaded transversely, the maximum
tensile stress develops at ……...
28. The moment of inertia of triangular section with base as b and height as h,
about base and about centre of gravity will be…………..
29. Which has more modules of elasticity, rubber or steel..
30. In suspension cable bending moment at any point is …..
31. RCC beams designed as under reinforced section will fail in
tension/compression………….
32. The poison ratio for concrete is ……..
33. What is the size of type I sleeper for BG as per IRS Bridge Rules.
34. What is the axle load & trailing load for BGML loading. .
35. What is the axle load & trailing load for RBG loading.
36. What is the axle load & trailing load for MBG loading.
37. What is the axle load & trailing load for HM loading.
38. What will be coefficient of dynamic augment for 400 mm ballast cushion &
12.2m effective span.
39. What is coefficient of thermal expansion for RCC?
40. What is coefficient of thermal expansion for PCC?
41. What will be value of basic vertical seismic coefficient for zone-V.
42. The Minimum pitch of rivets should be-
(i) 3d.
(ii) 1.5d.
(iii) 2.0d.
(iv) 2.5d.
43. The nominal diameter of rivet is 20mm. Its gross dia will be-
(a) 20mm.
(b) 21.5mm.
(c) 22mm.
(d) 18.5 mm.
44. The Permissible longitudinal Pitch in a riveted joint in tension is-
(a) 16t or 200mm which ever is less.
(b) 4t + 100mm.
(c) 12t or 200mm which ever is less.
(d) 2.5D.
45. The strength of riveted joint is equal to-
(a) Tearing Strength of the Plates.
(b) Bearing Strength of the Rivets.
(c) Shearing Strength of the Rivets.
(d) Least of (a) and (c).
46. The Efficiency of a riveted joint is equal to the ratio of-
(a) Least strength of a riveted joint to the strength of the solid plate.
(b) Least strength of a riveted plate to the greatest strength of the joint.
(c) Greatest strength of a riveted joint to the strength of the solid plate.
(d) All the above.
47. The size of the butt weld is denoted by its effective throat thickness, but in
the case of incomplete penetration, the effective throat thickness is taken
as-
(a) Half the thickness of the thinner part connected.
(b) Half the thickness of the thicker part connected.
(c) Five eights thickness of the thinner part connected.
(d) Three fourth thickness of the thinner part connected.
48. The cross section of a standard fillet weld is a triangle with base angle of-
(a) 300& 600.
(b) 400& 500.
(c) 450& 450.
(d) 350& 550.
49. The throat in a fillet weld is -
(a) Perpendicular distance from the root to the hypotenuse.
(b) Longer side of the triangle of fillet.
(c) Smaller side of the triangle of fillet.
(d) The length of the hypotenuse triangle of the fillet.
50. The effective length of the fillet weld is taken as-
(a) l-4S.
(b) l-2S.
(c) 0.8l.
(d) 0.9l.
Where l = actual length of the fillet weld.
S = Size of weld.
51. The minimum size of fillet weld is-
(a) 5mm.
(b) 3mm.
(c) 1mm.
(d) 2mm.
52. The minimum thickness of steel members exposed to weather and
accessible for painting shall not be less than-
(a) 2mm.
(b) 4mm.
(c) 5mm.
(d) 6mm.
53. The maximum permissible slenderness ratio of steel ties is.
(a) 180.
(b) 250.
(c) 350.
(d) 400.
54. Net cross sectional area of a tension member is the area of cross section-
(a) Area at the mid section.
(b) Area of the member divided by the area of the rivet holes.
(c) Area of the member minus twice the area of the rivet holes.
(d) Area of the member minus the area of the rivet holes.
55. The permissible stress in axial tension is given by-
(a) 0.5fy.
(b) 0.6fy.
(c) 0.66fy.
(d) 0.75fy.
Where fy = minimum yield stress of steel in N/mm2.
56. The Sectional area for a compression member is given by its-
(a) Gross area.
(b) Net area.
(c) Net effective area.
(d) Either of a, b or c.
57. The permissible stress in axial compression depends mainly upon-
(a) Effective length.
(b) Sectional area.
(c) Radius of gyration.
(d) Slenderness ratio.
58. Which is the concerned IS code for the design of pile foundation:-
(a) IS: 2911.
(b) IS: 1893.
(c) IS: 456.
(d) IS: 800.
59. What is the minimum factor of safety to be considered while calculating
load carrying capacity of pile by static formula using IS Code?:-
(a) 1.5.
(b) 2.5.
(c) 3.5.
(d) 2.0.
60. Write down the minimum individual span exceeding which the wind forces
are required to be considered for substructure design:-
(a) 15m.
(b) 18m.
(c) 28m.
(d) 120m.
61. Write down the minimum individual span exceeding which the seismic
forces are required to be considered for substructure design:-
(a) 15m.
(b) 18m.
(c) 28m.
(d) 100m.
62. How many seismic zones are there as per IRS Bridge Rules.:-
(a) 4.
(b) 5.
(c) 3.
(d) 7.
63. Hydrodynamic forces and water current forces on substructure are
considered simultaneity in seismic case - Yes/No.
64. In seismic design the discharge greater than mean annual flood should be
considered - Yes/No.
65. Normally what should be minimum value of ‘f’ for cohesion loss soils?
(a) 100.
(b) 260.
(c) 400.
(d) 350.
66. What is the maximum value of coefficient of dynamic augment (CDA)
which can be adopted in the design of bridges?
(a) 1.5.
(b) 1.
(c) 0.5.
(d) Any value.
67. How much maximum increases in permissible stress is permitted while
considering wind/Earthquake forces (Load Combination II & III)?
(a) 40%.
(b) 33 1/3%.
(c) 30%.
(d) 50%.
68. How much maximum increases in permissible stress is permitted while
considering erection forces (Load Combination IV)?
69. Width of uniform distribution at formation level for MBG loading in
calculation of Earth pressure due to surcharge is considered as:-
(a) 3m.
(b) 4m.
(c) 6.85m.
(d) 1.76m.
70. For gravity type substructure, upto which depth below bed block, dynamic
Augment is considered?
(a) 2m.
(b) 3m.
(c) 6m.
(d) 10m.
71. What should be the minimum lineal waterway for important bridges?
(a) 300m.
(b) 100m.
(c) 1000m.
(d) 500m.
72. As per IRS Code, ……………% buoyancy should be considered for the
design of submerged concrete substructure.
73. For well foundation the grip length below maximum scour depth is taken
as …………. Of normal scour depth calculated by lacey is formula. (1/3 rd,
2/3rd ½, ¾th etc.)
74. The formula for calculating force due to water current on submerged
bridge substructure is…………..
(a) KAV.
(b) KA2V.
(c) KAV2.
(d) K2AV.
75. In the case of well foundation, for calculating foundation pressure, only
such proportion of live load which exceeds ……….% the dead lead after
deducting buoyancy need be taken into account.
76. If the Value of horizontal seismic coefficient (α h) is 0.04, then the value of
vertical seismic coefficient (α v) will be ………. as per IRS Bridge Rules.
77. If Case of open foundation, the minimum depth of bridge foundation shall
be …………….. .
78. If ‘t’ be the thickness of the main plate in cm and ‘d’ be the dia of the rivets
in cm than in design of riveted joint ‘d’ will generally be taken as-

(a) 1.9√t.
(b) 19√t.
(c) √1.9t.
(d) None of the above.
79. When a body is subjected to a tensile or compressive force (P) it’s
deformation δ l for uniformly tapering body will be given by-
(a) 4PL/π Ed1 d2.
(b) PL/AE.
(c) 4π PL/Ed1 d2.
(d) None of the above.
Where L = length of body, A = area of cross section, E = Mod. of
elasticity of the body and d1 d2 are bigger and smaller dia of
tapering body.
80. The deflection at centre of simply supported beam of span ‘l’ and carrying
UDL of ‘w’ per unit run equal to-
(a) wl4/348EI.
(b) 5wI4/384EI.
(c) 5wl3/438EI.
(d) None of the above.
81. The deflection of free end of a cantilever of length ‘l’ carrying a
concentrated load ‘P’ at the free end is equal to-
(a) Pl2/3EI.
(b) P2l/3EI.
(c) P3l/3EI.
(d) Pl3/3EI.
82. Rankin’s formulas for column is valid when slenderness ratio-
(a) Lies between 0 and 150.
(b) Lies between 150 and 200.
(c) Is less than 80.
(d) Has any value.
83. Which of the following statement is not an assumption in Euler’s theory for
the crippling load-
(a) The section of column is uniform.
(b) The column is initially perfectly straight and is axially loaded.
(c) The self-weigh of the column is considerable.
(d) The column will fail by buckling alone.
84. Total deflection of plate girder in bridge design should not be more than-
(a) l/300.
(b) l/600.
(c) 2l/300.
(d) Note of the above.
85. In welded construction compression flange plate unsupported at their
edge shall not project beyond the line of connections to the web or torque
plate by -
(a) More than 12t.
(b) Less than 12t.
(c) Equal to 12t.
(d) All of the above.
86. What is the minimum and maximum distance of riveted stiffeners in web
plate having depth of girder ‘d’-
(a) 0.33d to 15d.
(b) 33d to 1.5d.
(c) 0.33d to 0.15d.
(d) 0.33d to 1.5d.
87. Effective span of the main girder is -
(a) Distance between two extreme abutments.
(b) Distance between one bearing and one abutment.
(c) Distance between centre of bearing.
(d) All of the above.
88. Lateral bracing of the loaded deck of Railway span shall be designed to
resists-
(a) Racking force.
(b) Centrifugal force.
(c) Wind pressure.
(d) Snow load.
89. The maximum speed for detailed oscillation trial shall be in excess of final
maximum permissible speed by-
(a) 20%.
(b) 10%.
(c) 15%.
(d) Same.
90. As per IRS Bridge Rules, the CG from rail level of BG stock may be
assumed to act at a height of-
(a) 1840mm.
(b) 1820mm.
(c) 2030mm.
(d) 1830mm.
91. At present the design speed of IRS Bridge Rules for any BG
diesel/electrical traction is-
(a) 100kmph.
(b) 160kmph.
(c) 120kmph.
(d) 125kmph.
92. Track loading density (TLD) of any rolling stock is-
(a) Buffer to Buffer length/Axle load.
(b) Buffer to Buffer length/Total load.
(c) Axle load/Buffer to Buffer length.
(d) Total load/Buffer to Buffer length.
93. Which of the following para meter is not related to BOXNM1 wagon-
(a) Axle load.
(b) Tractive effort.
(c) Braking force.
(d) TLD.
94. The authority for according dispensation to detailed oscillation trial of
newly designed any rolling stock lie with-
(a) DG/RDSO.
(b) GM/Zonal Railway.
(c) Sr.ED/MP.
(d) CCRS.
95. At present certification of maximum permissible speed for any rolling stock
are being given by B&S Directorate on the basis of-
(a) Steel Bridge Rules.
(b) Steel Bridge Code.
(c) Policy Circular No. 2.
(d) Policy Circular No.6.
96. Which of the following locomotive is for meter gauge on IR-
(a) WAG7.
(b) ZDM4.
(c) YDM4.
(d) WDG5A.
97. Eulers formulae is valid for-
(a) l/r > 50.
(b) l/r < 50.
(c) l/r > 80.
(d) None of the above.
98. The load which acts on a structure may be-
(a) Wind load.
(b) Snow load.
(c) Live load.
(d) All of the above.
99. From seismic point of new, the country has been divided into seismic
zones-
(a) 5.
(b) 6.
(c) 7.
(d) 8
(e) 9.
100. The maximum load which can be placed prior to the braking of ……… is
called-
(a) Yield load.
(b) Peak load.
(c) Ultimate load.
(d) Safe load.
(e) Elastic limit load.
101. The stress at which stress fails under repeated application is known as -
(a) Yield strength.
(b) Impact strength.
(c) Ultimate strength.
(d) Creep strength.
(e) Fatigue strength.
102. The ratio of the shearing stress to the shearing strain with in elastic limit
range in known as-
(a) Shear modulus of elasticity.
(b) Bulk modulus of elasticity.
(c) Tangent module of elasticity.
(d) Strain hardening of elasticity.
(e) None of the above.
103. The size of the rivet is expressed by-
(a) Dia of cap.
(b) Shape of lead.
(c) Materials.
(d) Length of shank.
(e) Dia of shank.
104. The head of rivet is made by-
(a) Machining.
(b) Welding.
(c) Pressing.
(d) Hot or cold forging.
(e) Any of the above.
105. The number of rivets required in a joint is given by-
(a) Force/Tearing Strength of rivet.
(b) Force/Shearing Strength of rivet.
(c) Force/bearing Strength of rivet.
(d) Force/Rivet value.
(e) None of the above.
106. If ‘d’ is the gross dia of rivet and ‘p’ is the pitch of a riveted joint the
efficiency of joint is giving by-
(a) p-d/d.
(b) p/p-d.
(c) d/p-d.
(d) p+d/d.
(e) p+d/p.
107. As per IS:800, the minimum pitch of rivets in a row is recommended as-
(a) 2d.
(b) 2.5d.
(c) 3.0d.
(d) 4.0d.
(e) 5.0d.
108. As per IS:800, the maximum grip length of rivets is equal to-
(a) 4d.
(b) 6d.
(c) 8d.
(d) 10d.
(e) All of theme.
109. ‘DIN’ standards are used in-
(a) UK.
(b) USSR.
(c) USA.
(d) Germany.
S.C.Jain
Director(B&S)/SB-II

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