PIPENG.COM : ASME B31.4 Section A842.

2 Pipe Wall Thickness Offshore Pipelines

This example should be used with the Pipeng calculators :
http://pipeng.com/index.php/ts/itdmotdiam003a : Pipeng ASME B31.4 oil pipeline calculators
Copyright Pipeng Ltd : www.pipeng.com : Creative Commons attribution license

Data Values

OD := 0.3238⋅ m Nominal Outside Diameter

tc := 0.003 ⋅ m Corrosion Allowance

SMYS := 450⋅ MPa SMYS Yield Stress

FF := 0.6 Design Factor

Select : Line Pipe Stress Type [11] API 5L

Select : Material Type [8] L450 450 MPa
Select : Pipe Location Class [1] Offshore Platform
Select : Line Pipe Schedule Type [11] NPS DN ASME API Schedule
Select : Line Pipe Diameter Type [19] 12 NPS DN 300 323.8 mm OD

Methodology

The pipeline wall thickness should be calculated for the maximum local pressure difference at all points
on the pipeline or pipeline section.

In many cases the the maximum pressure is defined at a reference location (and elevation).
The reference location might be a relief valve, pump/compressor station, wellhead, etc.
The local pressure must be calculated from the reference pressure, fluid density, and relative elevation.
The wall thickness should be calculated for the maximum pressure difference.
Use the calculate local pressure option.
For offshore platforms external pressure is ignored.
The maximum local pressure occurs at the lowest dry point on the pipeline or pipeline section.
For subsea pipelines with internal fluid lighter than the external fluid (eg oil).
The maximum local pressure difference occurs at the highest submerged point on the pipeline or pipeline
section.
For risers the highest submerged point and the lowest dry point is at the water line.
Valves and other fittings should also be specified according for the maximum local pressure difference.

In other cases a fluid flow / fluid pressure analysis has been performed to determine the maximum internal
pressure in the pipeline or pipeline section.
A design pressure can be defined which is >= the maximum pressure in the section.
The wall thickness is designed for the design pressure (minus the external pressure).
Use the user defined local pressure option.
Set the user defined local pressure equal to the design pressure.
Valves and other fittings are also specified according to the design pressure (minus the external pressure).
Calculate Wall Thickness From Pipeline Reference Pressure

Calculate local internal pressure from reference pressure, internal fluid density and local elevation.
Calculate external pressure from internal fluid density and local elevation relative tot he surface.
For wall thickness calculations the lowest surface elevation should be used.
Typically LAT (lowest astronomical tide) minus storm surge.
Variations in fluid density should be accounted for.

Local Internal Pressure From Reference Pressure

Select : Internal Pressure Type = [1] Calculate Local Internal Pressure From Reference Pressure
Input : User Defined Reference Internal Pressure = 11.7e6 [Pa]
Input : Internal Fluid Density = 730 [kg/m^3]
Input : Reference Elevation = 25.4 [m]
Input : Local Elevation = 121.3 [m]

Note : The elevation datum is arbitrary.

Mean Sea Level (MSL) is often used as a datum

−3
ρf := 730 ⋅ kg ⋅ m Internal Fluid Density

Zr := 25.4⋅ m Reference Elevation

Zl := −121.3 ⋅ m local Elevation

Pri := 11.7⋅ MPa Reference Internal Pressure

Pli := Pri + ρf ⋅ g ⋅ ( Zr − Zl) Pli = 12.750204MPa Local Internal Pressure

∆z := Zl − Zr ∆z = −146.7 m Difference In Elevation

External Pressure From Elevation

Select : External Pressure Type = [1] Calculate Local External Pressure

Input : External Fluid Density = 1027 [kg/m^3]
Input : Surface Elevation = 4.5 [m]

−3
ρe := 1027 ⋅ kg ⋅ m External Fluid Density

Zs := −4.5 ⋅ m Surface Elevation

d := max ( 0 ⋅ m , Zs − Zl) d = 116.8 m Water Depth

Ple := ρe⋅ g ⋅ d Ple = 1.176343MPa Local External Pressure

∆P := Pli − Ple ∆P = 11.573861MPa Local Delta Pressure

wd := Zs − Zl wd = 116.8 m Water Depth

Calculate Wall Thickness : Barlows Equation Dm Mid Wall
Select : Hoop Stress Type = [2] Barlow's Equation From Dm Mid Wall Diameter
Select : Wall Thickness Calculation Type = [1] Calculate Wall Thickness

Sd := SMYS⋅ FF Sd = 270MPa Allowable Stress

∆P ⋅ OD −3
t := t = 6.794405 × 10 m Pressure Design Wall Thickness
2 ⋅ Sd + ∆P
−3
tn := t + tc tn = 9.794405 × 10 m Nominal Wall Thickness

−1
ID := OD − 2tn ID = 3.0421119 × 10 m Nominal Inside Diameter

OD 1
dot := dot = 4.765686 × 10 Diameter Over Pressure Thickness
t

∆P ⋅ ( OD − t) 8
Sh := Sh = 2.7 × 10 Pa Hoop Stress
2⋅ t

Sh 0
sos := sos = 1 × 10 Hoop Stress Ratio
Sd

Select Wall Thickness : Barlows Equation Dm Mid Wall Diameter

Select : Hoop Stress Type = [2] Barlow's Equation From Dm Mid Wall Diameter
Select : Pipe Wall Thickness Type = [16] 12 NPS 12.7 mm Wall XS
Select : Wall Thickness Calculation Type = [2] Wall Thickness Specified

tn := 0.0127⋅ m Nominal Wall Thickness

ID := OD − 2tn ID = 0.2984m Nominal Inside Diameter

−3
t := tn − tc t = 9.7 × 10 m Pressure Design Wall Thickness

OD 1
dot := dot = 2.549606 × 10 Diameter Over Nominal Thickness
tn

∆P ⋅ ( OD − t) 8
Sh := Sh = 1.873892 × 10 Pa Hoop Stress
2⋅ t

Sh −1
sos := sos = 6.940339 × 10 Hoop Stress Ratio
Sd
Calculate Wall Thickness From Inside Diameter : Barlows Equation OD

Select : Hoop Stress Type = [1] Barlow's Equation From OD Outside Diameter
Select : Line Pipe Schedule Type = [1] User Defined Pipe Diameter And Wall Thickness
Select : Line Pipe Diameter Type = [2] User Defined Inside Diameter
Input : User Defined Inside Diameter =0.2905 [m]
Select : Wall Thickness Type = [1] Calculate Wall Thickness

ID := 0.2905⋅ m Nominal Inside Diameter

∆P ⋅ ( ID + 2 ⋅ tc) −3
t := t = 6.6395176 × 10 m Pressure Design Wall Thickness
2 ⋅ (Sd − ∆P)

−3
tn := t + tc tn = 9.639518 × 10 m Nominal Wall Thickness

OD := ID + 2tn OD = 0.309779m Nominal Outside Diameter

OD 1
dot := dot = 4.665686 × 10 Diameter Over Pressure Thickness
t

∆P ⋅ OD 8
Sh := Sh = 2.7 × 10 Pa Hoop Stress
2⋅ t
Sh −1
sos := sos = 10 × 10 Hoop Stress Ratio
Sd