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Effect of Climate Change on Groundwater Resources in India

Poster · October 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25462.45125

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Ritesh Kumar Rakesh Kumar

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International Conference on Environmental Challenges and Sustainability (ICECS 2018) 31st Oct.- 2nd Nov. 2018, CUJ
Effect of Climate Change on Groundwater Resources in India
Introduction
• Climate Change (CC) is the long
term change in component of
climate.
• Climate change affects
components of the water cycle.
• Effects of CC on groundwater
water relates to the changes in its
recharge and discharge rates plus
changes in quantity and quality of
water in aquifers[1].
• Groundwater is one of the most
utilized resources in India for
drinking and irrigation purposes.
• About 85% of the rural water
supply is dependent
groundwater and groundwater
levels are falling down due to
unplanned discharge[2].
• India accounts for 2.45% of land
area and 16% of the world
population, whereas only 4% of
freshwater re-sources of the world
are available in India, of which
38.5% is groundwater.
• India has the largest extent of
areas equipped for irrigation with
groundwater in the world, and
groundwater irrigation is increasing
in India in both absolute terms and
in percentage of total irrigation[3].
Objective
• To study effect of global climate
change on groundwater resources
in India.
Methodology
• Methodology studied to assess
impact of climate on groundwater[4]
Ritesh Kumar & Rakesh Kumar
School of Ecology and Environment Studies
Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar-803116, India
Results and Discussion Conclusion.
• Impact of climate change severe for
India, already suffer from water
scarcity, to begin with, and largely
depend on groundwater for
irrigation.
• Indo-Gangetic aquifer system has
been getting a heavy recharge from
the Himalayan snowmelt.
• Due to the melting of the Himalayan
Fig: 2 Influences of global hydrological cycle in context of climate change glaciers, the Indo-Gangetic Plains
will experience increased water dis-
charge till the 2030s but will face
gradual reductions thereafter.
• Groundwater has a dominant place
on in India’s agricultural system and
food security and now accounts for
over 60% of the irrigated area in
the country and the production of
Fig: 3 Map of Indian major river basins Fig: 4 Changes in the characteristics of over 70% of India’s food grain
in context of water availability rain events in India[5]
irrigation[7].
• Impact of future climatic change
• India’s agriculture is rain-fed, more may be felt more severely in
than 60% making highly dependent developing countries such as India,
on groundwater. whose economy is largely
• More demand expected increase dependent on agriculture and is
demand from growing population. already under stress due to current
• Climate change impact may add population increase and associated
existing pressure on groundwater by i) demands for energy, freshwater
impeding recharge capacities; ii) being and food.
called on to fill eventual gaps in
surface water availability due to
increased variability in precipitation; iii) References
groundwater contamination.
• India would require more water around
1. Panwar, S., & Chakrapani, G. 2013. Climate change
and its influence on groundwater resources. Current
Science, 37-46.
2025 and global net irrigation 2. Shah, T. 2009. Climate change and groundwater:
requirements would increase relative India’s opportunities for mitigation and adaptation.
Environmental Research Letters, 4(3): 035005.
to the situation without climate change 3. Siebert, S., Burke, J., Faures, J. M., Frenken, K.,
by 3.5–5% by 2025 and 6–8% by
Hoogeveen, J., Döll, P., & Portmann, F. T. 2010.
Groundwater use for irrigation–a global inventory.
2075[6]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14(10): 1863-
1880.
4. Olsson, Jonas et al. 2016. Hydrological climate change
impact assessment at small and large scales: key
messages from recent progress in Sweden. Climate 4(3):
39.
5. Dash, S. K., Kulkarni, M. A., Mohanty, U. C., & Prasad,
K. 2009. Changes in the characteristics of rain events in
India. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,
Fig: 1 Steps for 114(D10).
hydrological impact
assessment:
6. Kumar, C. P. 2012. Climate change and its impact on
(1) climate modelling groundwater resources. Int J Eng Sci, 1(5):43-60.
(global and
regional); 7. Zaveri, Esha, et al. 2016. Invisible water, visible impact:
(2) tailoring and groundwater use and Indian agriculture under climate
hydrological
modelling; change. Environmental Research Letters 11(8): 084005.
(3) impact assessment 8. Gandhi, V. P., & Namboodiri, N. V. 2009. Groundwater
irrigation in India: gains, costs and risks.
Fig: 5 Trends of ground water levels (GWL) between 1979–2000 and 2029–2050[7]