Symptoms of a car that is out of alignment

Uneven or rapid wear

Pulling or Drifting away from a straight line

Wandering on a straight level road

Spokes of the steering wheel off to one side while driving on a straight and level road.

Symptoms of wheel that is out of balance

Vibration in the steering wheel at certain highway speeds.

Vibration in the seat or floorboard at certain highway speeds.

Scalloped or cupped wear patterns on the tires.

COMMON HAND TOOLS

Adjustable Wrenches - 6" and 12"
Allen Wrench Set
Chisel Set
Combination Wrenches
Crowfoot Wrench Set
Drill Motors
Flare Nut (tubing) Wrenches:
Flashlight and batteries
Hack Saw and blades
Hammers: Rubber Mallet
Ignition Wrench Set
Impact Wrenches
Inspection Mirror
Pickup Tool - magnetic and claw type
Pliers: Combination, Hose Clamp, Locking Jaw, Needle Nose, Side Cutting
Punch Set
Socket Set
Flex Handle
Impact Sockets Standard
Impact Driver
Ratchet
Jack Tire
Torque Wrenches
Balance is not 1. Sensor damp or damage 1. Calibrate again,oven and then
accurate & difficult 2. Program chore calibration or change.
to reach “00” 2. Calibration again
When second 1. Wheel internal hole irregular 1. Change the wheel
mount & demount, 2. Flange disk assemble not properly 2. Check the assemble surface
the error will exceed and try again.
10g.

7.4 ACCESSORY

STANDARD ACCESSORY

ACCESSORY DESCRIPTION QUANTITY ACCESSORY DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

CONE 1 SET BR SCALER 1 PIECE

THREAD
PLIER 1 PIECE 1 PIECE
SHAFT

QUICK NUT 1PIECE WEIGHT 1PIECE

BOWL 1PIECE BOWL EDGE 1PIECE

OPTIONAL ACCESSORY

ACCESSORY DESCRIPTIUON ACCESSORY DESCRIPTIUON

HOOD 4-POSITION ADAPTOR

15
 LARGE CONE FLANGE DISK

CENTERLESS RIM
WEIGHT STICK SCALE
CALIP

DK-W-1 DK-W-2

MJ-I MJ-I I

8. MAINTENANCE
WARNING
The manufacturer will not bear any responsibility
in the event of claims resulting from the use of
non-original spare parts or accessories.
WARNING
Unplug the machine from the socket and make
sure that all moving parts have been locked
before
performing any adjustment or maintenance
operation.
WARNING
Do not remove or modify any part of the machine
(except for service interventions).
16
CAUTION
Keep the work area clean.
Never use compressed air and/or jets of water to
remove dirt or residues from the machine. Take
all possible measures to prevent dust from
building up or rising during cleaning operations.
Keep the wheel balancer shaft, the securing ring
nut, the centering cones and ange clean. These
components can be cleaned using a brush
previously dripped in environmentally friendly
solvents. Handle cones and anges carefully so
as to avoid accidental dropping and subsequent
damage that would affect centering accuracy.
After use, store cones and anges in a place
where they are suitably protected from dust and
dirt. If necessary, use ethyl alcohol to clean the
display panel. Perform the calibration procedure
at least once every six months.
LUBRICATION
The only rotating parts of the wheel balancer are
the motor and balance shaft. These parts must be
periodically lubricated by the operators. If the
machine is used very frequently, more than
SYSTEM DIAGRAM

Reserve tank

Steering wheel
Front steering gear

Steering angle transfer shaft

Small bevel Control valve

gear
Main bevel
gear
Stepper motor Control rod Input rod

86U 1 0X-539

10-15
MAIN COMPONENTS AND FUNCTION OF REAR STEERING

Part
Integral with speedometer and cable; detects vehicle speed and sends data to control
unit
Control unit 1) Sends step signals indicating steering ratio (corresponds to vehicle speed) to step-
per motor
2) Detects abnormalities in steering ratio signal, speed signal, and other electric
sysrems
3) Controls the following when problem s detected
I a) Warning light ON

I control system
b) Solenoid valve open
Incorporates control yoke and bevel gear
Controls valve and direction and amount of rear wheel steerinq
Inase
Stepper motor Rotates control yoke in u""orO-o*" *tf-, step signal tron', ,nit
"-trot
Steering angle transfer Rotates pinion gear and bevel gear in phase control system in relation to steering
shaft wheel operation
Regulates hydraulic pressure to control amount of power cylinder stroke and rear
wheel steerino ooeration
Power cylinder 1) Receives hydraulic pressure from control unit and moves rear wheels
2) Fixes rear wheels in straight-ahead position by built-in self-centering spring in case
of electrical or hydraulic failure
1 Provides hydraulic pressure to front and rear steering systems
86U 1 0X-51 5

10-16
 FRONT STEERING SYSTEM

Reserve tank
Oil pump (with level sensor)

Control valve
Power
nder Right tire

Input pinion shaft

Steering angle transfer shaft

To power cylinder of
rear steering system

86U10X-516

This is an ordinary rack and pinion power steering system in whrch the steerrng efforts of the driver
are hydraulically assisted. This system consists of a steering wheel, an input pinion shaft connected
to the steering wheel by a steering shaft, a rack, an oil pump, and a control valve. A steering angle
transfer shaft for controlling the rear steering system is geared to the rack and connects with the phase
control system of the rear steering system.

10-17
REAR STEERING SYSTEM

From rack of front

steering system Fr om ol

o o
Power cylinder
Rear-to-f ront steeri n g
ration sensor

Self-centering Output rod

spnng Control valve
Stepper motor

86U10X 517

This is a hydraulically-assisted power steering system which is electronically controlled according to

ctoorinn
oL99r il rv r,yhool annlo
vvr r9vr qr anr{
rvrc dl vul llulu onaad
l\,1 'rahinla DPuvll, Thic crrctom| | uvt
I I ilo oyoLgt r-nnqiqtq n{:u qtoorinn
roroLo vr annlo
Jrvvr rr rv qr rvru tranc{or cheft
Lrqr roiur or cnoo|
rqtr. Jvuvu
sensors, control unit, stepper motor. phase control system. control valve, oil pump, and power cylinder
a nn a' '*n' '* .^n
d.r rLl uutput IUU.

As a fail-safe system. the rear steering system is equipped with a self-centering spring which fixes the
UULpUL "^"r ;^
a' '*n' '* lU\l ll I +h^ ^+"rinht-ahead
Ll lti JLIaTVIr nosition| ilif |hvdrarrlic
qr rvqu pvorLrvr ryur quilv nrcssr tn thp nn\^/trr nvlinr^i9f is lost. Also incor-
PrvgQururre L\J Ll lc VUvvul uylll lu(
^^'^+^r i^ ^ JUIEI
pL/l d.LttLl lJ d, ^^r^^^id Vd,lVU which
l\Jl\l valve off the hydraulic pressure if there rs a system electrical failure
cuts \Jl
vvl lltJl I UULD
I

10-18
 ADVANTAGES OF 4WS
Low-speed turning
I

2WS 4WS

86U1 0X-51 B

For 2WS vehicles turning at low speed, the center of the turn is point O (the extended line of the rear
axle shaft). The minimum turning radius is shown by line R
lf the front and rear wheels are steered in opposite phases, the change in location of point O makes
it possible for the minimum turning radius and inner/outer wheel difference (W) to be lessened; thus,
improving the turning capability during small-radius turns.

10-19
High-speed turning and cornering

Direction of travel

Side slippage

Friction effort
2WS 4WS

86Ur 0X-5r I
The centrifugal force acting upon the vehicle booy increases with high speed turning and cornering.
As a result, a greater cornering force (C) is necessary, and the side-slip angte (a) of the tires is increased.
Ordinarily, when a 2WS vehicle turns or corners under high speed conditions, the side-slip angle of
the tires is increased as the driver turns the steering wheel, with the result that the vehicle's rear end
yaws to a great extent and the side-slip angle of the rear tires becomes greater.
For 4WS vehicles, the rear wheels are steered in the same phase as the front wheels, with the result
that there is reduced yawing of the rear end, and there is a corresponding reduction of the yawing
time of the vehicle's rear end.
I

10-20
Lane change

2WS 4WS

86U 1 0X-520

As a result of the 4WS characteristics described, when the 4WS vehicle makes, for example, a lane
change, there is the dif{erence (shown in the illustrations above) of the path of the 4WS vehicle and
the 2WS vehicle. This is because the length of time of rear end yawing and attitude change are less
for the 4WS vehicle.
Moreover, such factors as cornering balance, steering wheel response, and steering precision are
better for the 4WS vehicle.
The relationshrp between vehicle speed, steering wheel angle, and angle of the rear wheels is described
on the following page.

10-21
Amount and Direction of Steering Angle of Rear Wheels

F
q)

Same phase
(g
t
-
'=
o
Br
f(V) =-ol o
lOppotite phase Vehicle speed (V)
35km/h (22mPh)

o
tr

86U 1 0X-52 1

Rear-to-front steering angle ratio (r/f) is decided by the control unit according to vehicle speed The
general characteristics are as follows.
Under 35 km/h (22mph) the rear wheels are steered in the opposite direction asthe front wheels,
at 35 km/h (22 mph) the rear wheels point straight-ahead as in 2WS, and at speeds over 35 km/h
(22 mph) they are steered in the same direction as the front wheels.
The maxrmum steerino anole of the rear wheels is 5o

10-22
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