ACE Engineering Publications Solutions for Engineering Mathematics Volume I

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(Solutions for Volume : I Classroom Practice Questions)
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Chapter
1 Linear Algebra
Arthur Cayley
(1821 – 1895)
01. Ans: (d) For the product (PQ)10×20

1  2 1 0 Number of elements in PQ = 200.
1 0 0 3 To compute each element of the matrix PQ,
Sol: A 
1 2 1 3 we require ‘5’ multiplications.
0 2 3 4  Number of multiplications = 200×5
C4 → C4 – 3C1 = 1000
1  2 1 3 For the product [(PQ)R]10×10
1 0 0 0 Number of elements in (PQ) R = 100
A = –12
1 2 1 0 To compute each element of the matrix
0 2 3 4 (PQ)R, we require 20 multiplications.
By expanding the above determinant along  Number of multiplications = 100  20
the 2nd row, we get = 2000
2 1 3 Hence, the total number of multiplication
A   1 2  1 0 = – 12 operations to find the product [(PQ)R]1010
2 3 4 = 1000 + 2000
= 3000
02. Ans: 1500 Similarly, if we find the product
Sol: Given that P is 10×5 matrix. [P(QR)]10×10 by above method, the total
Q is 5×20 matrix number of multiplication operations to find
and R is 20×10 matrix the product [P(QR)]10×10 = 1000 + 500
Now PQR is 10×10 matrix. Total number of = 1500
elements in PQR = 100. Here, we can find  The minimum number of multiplication
the product PQR only in two ways operations to find PQR = 1500.
i.e., (PQ)R and P(QR) because PQ  QP.
So, to find the product matrix PQR first we 03. Ans: 324
find PQ and then find (PQ)R (or) we, first Sol: Det Mr = 2r – 1
find QR and then find P(QR) Det M1 + Det M2 + ...... + Det M18
= 1 + 3 + 5 + ..........+ 37
= 324

Arthur Cayley was probably the first mathematician to realize the importance of the notion of a matrix and in 1858
published book, showing the basic operations on matrices. He also discovered a number of important results in matrix theory.

: 2 : Postal Coaching Solutions
04. Ans: –3
Sol: Given that |A10| = 1024 cos x x 1
f x  2 sin x
 |A10| = 210 = x 2
x2 x
 |A|10 = 210 tan x
1 1
 |A| = 2 x
 –3 – 25 = 2 1 0 1
f x 
 3 + 27 = 0 or 3 + 33 = 0 Lt = 2 0 2 =0
x 0 x 2
1 1 1
 (  + 3) (2 + 3 + 32) = 0
 The real value of  is – 3
07. Ans: (b)
05. Ans: 0.5 Sol: Here, determinant of A = –8
1 1 1 adj A
 A–1 =
Sol: Given that  = 1 1  sin  1 |A|
1 1 1  cos  1
c= (cofactor of the element 6 in A)
8
R2 – R1, R3 – R1
1 1 1 c=
1
8

.  1 
31 2 3
0 4
= 0 sin  0
0 0 cos   c = –1
= sin . cos 
08. Ans: (d)
sin 2 Sol: Giving that
=
2 (I – A + A2 – ....+ (–1)nAn) = O ........ (i)
1 Multiplying by A–1, we get
 The maximum value of  =
2 A–1 – I + A – A2 + ....+ (–1)n–1An–1 = O .....(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii), we get
06. Ans: 0
A–1 + (–1)nAn = O
cos x x 1
2
 A–1 = (–1)n+1. An
Sol: Given that f(x) = 2 sin x x 2x
tan x x x
R2 R
Applying and 3
x x
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: 3 : Linear Algebra
09. Ans: 0.04 R3 → 2R3 – 5R2

1 2 2 1  1 0 2
Sol: Now A  2 1 2  5 
~ 0 2 2 2 
2 2 1 0 0  4  10
∵ adjA nn   A
n 1
∴ (A34) = 3
 adjA 33   A
31 2
A
12. Ans: (c)
 
 adj A 1  A 1  A
2 2

1
2
 1 2

5   1 2
 
5 

A Sol:  2  4 a  4  ~  0 0 a  6 
 1  2 a 1  0 0 a  6
 
∴ adj A 1 
1
25
= 0.04
   
 1 2 5
 
=  0 0 0  if a = –6 and Rank = 1
10. Ans: (c)  0 0 0
 
Sol: In a skew symmetric matrix, the diagonal
If a  –6 then Rank of the matrix is 2
elements are zero and aij = –aji for i  j.
 Option (c) is correct.
Each element above the principal diagonal,
we can choose in 3 ways (0, 1, –1).
13. Ans: 1
Number of elements above the principal
Sol: If the vectors are linearly dependent, then
n n  1
diagonal = 1 t 0 0
2
1 1 t 0 0
 By product rule,
1 1 1 t
Required number of skew symmetric
n  n 1  (1 – t)3 = 0
matrices = 3 2
. t=1
11. Ans: 3 14. Ans: 1

1  1 0  2  Sol: If the vectors are linearly independent, then
Sol: Given A  2 0 2  2 1 1 0 1
4 1 3  8 1 0 0 1
0
R2 → R2 – 2R1; R3 → R3 – 4R1 1 1 0 t
1  1 0  2  0 0 1 0
~ 0 2 2 2 
0 5 3 0 

Expanding by third column 1 1 1 6 

 
1 1 1 ~ 0 1 2 4 
 (–1) 1 0 1  0 0 1   1   6
1 1 t
R3 – R2
 (–1). (1 –(t–1)–1)  0 1 1 1 6 
t1  
~ 0 1 2 4 
0 0   3   10
15. Ans: (b)
 The system has a unique solution if   3.
Sol: The augmented matrix of the given system
is
17. Ans: (a)
1  1 2  1 1 
[A|B] = 1 0 1 1 0  1 2 0 
 
0  1 1  2  1
Sol: Given A = 1 0  1  and n = 3
2 0  2
R2 – R1
R2  R2 – R1; R3  R3 – 2R1
1  1 2  1 1 
~ 0 1  1 2  1 1 2 0 
 
0  1 1  2  1 ~ 0  2  1 

0  4  2
R3 + R2
1  1 2  1 1  R3  R3 – 2R2
 
~ 0 1  1 2  1  1 2 0
0 0 0 0  2 ~ 0  2  1

0 0 0 
Here, Rank of coefficient matrix A = 2 and
rank of [A|B] = 3 Here, r = (A33) = 2 and n = number of
 (A)  (A|B) variables = 3
 The system has no solution The number of linearly independent
solutions of AX = O is given by
16. Ans: (c) p=n–r=3–2=1
Sol: Let the given system be AX = B
The augmented matrix of the system
1 1 1 6 
[A|B] = 1 2 3 10
 
1 2   
R2 – R1, R3 – R1

18. Ans: (a) The system is inconsistent

1 1 3 2  if c – b – 3a  0
 
Sol: Consider (A |B) = 1 2 4 3 or 3a + b – c  0
2 3 a b 
20. Ans: (c)
R2  R2 – R1; R3  R3 – 2R1
Sol: If the system has a non trivial solution, then
1 1 3 2  a b c
 
~ 0 1 1 1  b c a 0
0 1 a  6 b  4 c a b
R3  R3 – R2 C1  C1 + C2 + C3
1 1 3 2  abc b c
 
~ 0 1 1 1   abc c a 0
0 0 a  7 b  5 abc a b
If a – 7 = 0 and b – 5 = 0 then R2 – R1, R3 – R1

(A) = 2 = (A|B) < n = 3 abc b c
 0 cb a c  0
 Many solutions exist if a = 7 and b = 5
0 a b bc
19. Ans: (b)  (a+b+c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = 0
Sol: Let the given system be AX = B  a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c
The augmented matrix of the system
1 2  3 a 21. Ans: (d)
  3 
[A|B] = 2 3 3 b  1 1
 
5 9  6 c  Sol: A =  5 2 6 
  2  1  3
R2 – 2R1; R3 – 5R1  
1 2  3 a  R2 – 5R1; R3 + 2R1
~ 0  1 9 b  2a  1 1 3 
   
0  1 9 c  5a  ~  0  3  9
R3 – R2
0 1
 3 
1 2  3 a  3R3 + R2
~ 0  1 9 b  2a 

3 
  1 1
0 0 0 c  b  3a   
~ 0  3  9
0 0
 0 

R2 – 3R1, R3 + 2R1
Here, [A] = 2 3 4 2
If B is a linear combination of columns of A,  0 1 1 0
then [A] = [A|B] 0 x 1 0
 The system has infinitely many solutions  3(1 – x) = 0
x=1
22. Ans: (a)
1 2 24. Ans: (d)
Sol: Let A =  
0 2  Sol: The given characteristic equation is
The eigen values of A are 1, 2 3 – 62 + 9 – 4 = 0
The eigen vectors for  = 1 are given by  |A| = product of the roots of the
[A – I] X = O characteristic equation = 4 and
0 2   x   0  Trace of A = sum of the roots of
     
0 1   y   0  characteristic equation = 6
y=0  option (d) is correct
1  25. Ans: 3
 X1 = c1  
0  Sol: Sum of the eigen values = Trace of A = 14
The eigen vectors for  = 2 are given by  a + b + 7 = 14 ...... (i)
[A – 2I] X = O product of eigen values = |A| = 100
  1 2   x  0   10ab = 100
     
 0 0   y  0   ab = 10 .....(ii)
 –x + 2y = 0 solving (i) & (ii), we have
 2  a = 5 and b = 2
 X2 = c2  
1   |a – b| = 3
1   2 26. Ans: (c)

 The eigen vector pair is   and  
0  1  Sol: The characteristic equation is
a  1 0
23. Ans: 1
1 a  1 0
Sol: Product of eigen values = |A| = 0
0 1 a 
3 4 2
 (a – ) [{(a – )2 –1} – (a – )] = 0
 9 13 7 0
6 9 x 4  = a, a  2

27. Ans: –6 29. Ans: 0

Sol: The given matrix has rank 2 3 4 
Sol: Let A =  
 There are only 2 non zero eigen values 4  3
The characteristic equation is |A – I| = 0 The characteristic equation is |A – I| = 0
1  0 0 0 1 3 4
 0
0 1  1 1 0 4 3
 0 1 1  1 0 =0
  = 5
0 1 1 1  0
The eigen vectors for  = 5 are given by
1 0 0 0 1 
[A – 5I] X = O
R1  R1 + R5 and
 2 4   x  0 
R2  R2 + R3 + R4     y   0 
 4  8    
2 0 0 0 2
 x – 2y = 0
0 3 3 3 0
 0 1 1  1  2
0 =0  X1 = c1  
0 1 1 1  0 1 
1 0 0 0 1  The eigen vectors for  = –5 are given by
[A + 5I] X = 0
 (2 – ).(–3 – ).
8 4   x  0 
1 0 0 0 1       
0 1 1 1 0  4 2   y  0 
 2x + y = 0
0 1 1  1 0 0
1
0 1 1 1  0  X2 = c2  
  2
1 0 0 0 1 
Hence, a + b = 0
  = 2, –3
30. Ans: 3
 Product of the non zero eigen values = –6
Sol: If  is an eigen value of a matrix A
28. Ans: (b) then AX = X
Sol: A is a real symmetric matrix. 4 1 2  1  1 
 The eigen vectors of A are orthogonal.  17 2 1   2     2 
   
For the given eigen vector, only the vector 14  4 10 k  k 
given in option (b) is orthogonal.  6 + 2k =  ............ (1)
 option (b) is correct. 21 + k = 2 ............. (2)
Solving (1) & (2), we get
 = 12 and k = 3

31. Ans: (c) three different eigen values 1 = 0, 2 = 2 &

Sol: If A is singular then 0 is an eigen value of A. 3 = 1.
 The minimum eigen value of A is 0.
The eigen vectors corresponding to the eigen 33. Ans: 3
value  = 0 is given by  2 0 1
[A – 0I]X = O Sol: Let A = 0 2 1
0 0 3
3 5 2  x  0 
 5 12 7   y   0 
   
Here, A is an upper triangular matrix
2 7 5  z  0  The eigen values are = 2, 2, 3
Applying cross multiplication rule for first The eigen vectors for  = 2 are given by
and second rows of A, we have [A –2I]X = O
x y z 0 0 1  x  0
  
11  11 11  0 0 1  y   0
x y z 0 0 1  z  0
  
1 1 1  Here Rank of [A – 2I] = 1
1  Number of Linearly independent eigen
 The eigen vectors are X = k  1
vectors for  = 2 is p = n – r = 3 – 1 = 2
 1 
For since,  = 3 is not a repeated eigen
32. Ans: 3 value, there will be only one independent
eigen vector for  = 3.
2 0  4
Sol: Given matrix is A  0 0 8   The number of linearly independent eigen
0 0 1  vectors of A is 3.
 The eigen values of A are  = 2, 0, 1

34. Ans: 2
which are different.
1 1 0 
By the property of eigen values and eigen
Sol: Given A  0 1 0
vectors, if the nth order matrix A has 'n' 0 0 1
different eigen values 1, 2, ........ n then
  = 1, 1, 1 which are repeated eigen
nth order matrix A will have 'n' linearly
values
independent eigen vectors X1, X2, ........ Xn.
Consider the characteristic matrix of A33
 The given matrix A33 has '3' linearly
matrix.
independent eigen vectors corresponding to

1   1 0  a + b = 5…….(3)

A – I =  0 1   0  c + d = 5…….(4)
 0 0 1    Solving (1) and (3), we get
a = 1 & b = 4.
0 1 0 
 A – I = 0 0 0 for  = 1
Again Solving (2) and (4), we get
0 0 0 c=3&d=2
a b 1 4
 r = (A – I) = 1  The required matrix is A =   
 c d  3 2
 P = n – r = (order of matrix A33) – r
P=3–1=2 36. Ans: (c)
 The number of linearly independent eigen Sol: The characteristic equation is |A – I| = 0
vectors of the given matrix A33  (2 – 4) (2 + 4) = 0
corresponding to 3 repeated eigen values  4 = 16
 = 1, 1, 1 is 2. By Caley Hamilton's theorem, we have
A4 = 16I
35. Ans: (c)
a b  37. Ans: (d)
Sol: Let A    be the required matrix.
c d  Sol: The characteristic equation is a matrix A
The given eigen vectors of a matrix A22 is 4 = 
corresponding to eigen values 1 = – 2 and  4 –  = 0
  4 1  (3 –1) = 0
2 = 5 and X1 =   and X2 =  
3 1   = 0, 1, –0.5  3 i
respectively.   = 0, 1, –0.5  (0.866)i
Consider Ax1 = 1x1 38. Ans: (a)

a b    4   4 Sol: Let the given vectors X1 = [2, 2, 0],
c d   3   2 3
     X2 = [3, 0, 2] and X3 = [2, –2, 2]
–4a + 3b = 8…….(1) Suppose X1 = a X2 + b X3
–4c + 3d = –6……(2)  [2, 2, 0] = a[3, 0, 2] + b[2, –2, 2]
 2 = 3a + 2 b ......... (i)
Consider Ax2 = 2x2 2 = –2 b ........ (ii)
a b  1 1 0 = 2a + 2b ........(iii)
c d  1  51
    

From (i) and (ii), we get 39. Ans: k  0

a = 0 and b = –1 Sol: If the given vectors form a basis, then they
But, equation (iii) is not satisfied for these are linearly independent
values. k 1 1
 The given vectors are linearly  0 1 1 0
independent k 0 k
 k2 + k – k  0
k0

Chapter
2 Calculus
(With Vector Calculus & Fouries Series)
Sir Isaac Newton G. W. Von Leibniz
(1643 – 1727) (1646 – 1716)
01. Ans: (d) 03. Ans: (a)

Sol: By the definition of modulus function, x  sin x 0 
Sol: Lt
x  0 1  cos x   0 form
x , x  0
we have y = f(x) = |x| = 
 x , x  0 Now, we have to evaluate it by using the
|x| x L-Hospital's rule.

L.H.L = Lt  Lt  Lt  1  1
x  0 x x  0 x x0 x  sin x  1  cosx  0 
Lt = Lt  0 form 
x  0 1  cosx  x  0 0  sin x 
|x| x
R.H.L = Lt  Lt  Lt 1  1 x  sin x  0  sin x 
x0 
x x0 x x0
 Lt = Lt
x  0 1  cosx  x  0 cos x 
Here, L.H.L = –1  R.H.L = 1
x  sin x  0
|x|  Lt = =0
 Lt does not exist x  0 1  cosx  1
x0 x
04. Ans: (b)

02. Ans: (d)
Sol: By the definition of step function, we have  1   1 1 
Sol: Lt  sec x    Lt   
x

 1  sin x  x  0  cos x 1  sin x 
 1,  1  x  0
2

y  f x   x  0, 0  x  1 1  sin x  cos x   0 
= Lt    0 form
1, 1  x  2 x   cos x 1  sin x  

 2
5, 5  x  6   cos x  sin x 

Now, [x] =  = Lt 
  sin x  cos 2 x 
6, 6  x  7 x 
2

L.H.L = Lt  x   Lt 5  5 (by L' Hospital's Rule)
x 6 x 6
=
R.H.L = Lt  x  Lt 6  6
x 6 x 6
05. Ans: (c)

Here, L.H.L = 5  R.H.L = 6
 Lt [ x ] does not exist
Sol: Lt
x
1  x 2 e x
  0 form
x 6
Let y = Lt
x
1  x 2 e x
 0
Then log y = Lt e  x log1  x 2   0. 

x 
Issac Newton(most influential scientist) and Leibniz (universal genius) independently developed calculus which leads to
the development of differential and integral equations of mathematical physics


 

log 1  x 2  Again, by L' Hospital's rule

 log y = Lt 
x ex   8 cos 2 x  2 cos x
Lt b
By L-Hospitals rule, we have x 0 6
1  b=–1
2x
 log y = Lt 1 x2  a = – 2 & b = –1
x ex
2x  08. Ans: (a)
 log y = Lt 
x 
1  x 2 ex   Sol: If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then
2 2 Lt f ( x )  f (0)
 log y = Lt 
x  1  x e 2 x
 e 2x x

x 0
1
1 x  x
 log y = 0  Lt   = f(0)
x0 1  x
 
 y = e0 = 1 = Lt 1  x e 2 x
x
 1  x 1x 
 Lt  1
 = f(0)
x 0 
06. Ans: (a)  1  x x 
1
 5 n
 e 1
Sol: Lt 7 n  5n   Lt 7 1   
n
   f(0)
n  n   7  e
 
 f(0) = e–2
=7  Lt r n  0, | r |  1
 n   
09. Ans: (a)

07. Ans: (a) 5, if x  3

sin 2x  a sin x Sol: Given f x   2x  1, if x  3
Sol: Lt b
x 0 x3 x  7
 , if x  3
By L' Hospital's rule  2
2 cos 2x  a cos x x7
Lt b L.H.L = Lt  f x   Lt 5
x 0 3x 2 x 3 x 3 2
2+a=0 ( b is finite) R.H.L = Lt f x   Lt 2 x  1  5
x 3 x 3
 a=–2
and also f(3) = 5
By L' Hospital's rule,
Here, L.H.L = 5 = R.H.L = f(3) = 5
2 cos 2x  2 cos x
Lt b  f(x) is continuous at x = 3
x 0 3x 2
 4 sin 2 x  2 sin x
Hence, option (A) is correct.
Lt b
x 0 6x

: 13 : Engineering Mathematics

10. Ans: (d) ax 2  1 , x 1
Consider f x    2
Sol: Given f(x) = x2 , x  0 x  ax  b, x 1
= –x2 , x < 0
f(1–) = f(1+) ( f(x) is continuous at x = 1)
f (x)  f (0)
LHD = Lt  a+1=1+a+b
x 0 x0
b=0
x 2  0
= Lt = Lt  x  0
x 0 x  0 x 0
12. Ans: (d)
f (x)  f (0) Sol: Given f(x) = |x – 4| on [0, 5]
RHD = Lt 
x 0 x 0
y
x2  0
= Lt   Lt x  0
x 0 x  0 x 0
Here, LHD = RHD for f(x) at x = 0

A
 f(x) is differentiable once at x = 0
B
Let g(x) = f1(x) = 2x , x0
=  2x , x < 0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5
Test for second derivative
g(x)  g(0) 2x  0 From the above graph of the function
LHD = Lt   Lt = 2
x 0 x0 x 0 x  0
y = f(x) = |x – 4|, the given function f(x) is
g(x)  g(0) 2x  0 continuous from a point A to point B and the
RHD = Lt  = Lt =2
x 0 x0 x 0 x  0
graph of the function f(x) has a sharp corner
Here, LHD  RHD for g(x) at x = 0 at x = 4 in [0, 5].
 g(x) is not differentiable at x = 0,  The function f(x) = |x – 4| is continuous
1
i.e., f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0 in [0, 5] but not differentiable in [0, 5].
 f(x) is differentiable once at x = 0, but not Hence, option (D) is correct.
twice.
13. And: (b)
11. Ans: (c) Sol: Let
1
Sol: Now, f (x) = 2ax, x  1 8
f (x) = sin (x) + 2.sin (2x) + 3. sin (3x) – =0
= 2x + a, x > 1 
Consider f1(1–) = f(1+) be the given equation.
(  since f(x) is differentiable at x = 1) Then,
2a = a + 2  a = 2 8
f(x) = –cos(x) – cos (2x) – cos(3x) – (x) + k



Here, if the function f(x) satisfies the all the f (2)  f (0)
 c  (0,2)  f 1 (c) 
three conditions of the Rolle's theorem in 20
[a, b]. 1 f (2)
 
Then, f (x) = 0 has at least one real root in 1 c 2
2
(a, b). ∵ c  (0, 2)
As cos(ax) is continuous & differentiable 0<c<2
function and a0 + a1x is continuous &
 02 < c2 < 22
differentiable function for all x, the function
 1 + 02 < 1 + c2 < 1 + 22
f(x) is continuous and differentiable for all
1 1 1
x.   
1 0 2
1 c 2
1  22
  1 1 1
Here, (i) f(x) is continuous on 0,    
 2 1 2 2
1 c 2
1  02
  1 f (2) 1
(ii) f(x) is differentiable on  0,    
 2 5 2 1
 2
(iii) f(0) = – 3 + k = f     f (2)  2 (or) f(2)  (0.4, 2)
2 5
 By a Rolle's theorem, the given equation

16. Ans: (a)
  Sol: By Cauchy's mean value theorem
has at least one root in  0,  .
 2
f c  f (3)  f (1)

Hence, option (B) is correct. gc  g(3)  g (1)
14. Ans: (d)  

 3 1
2  –c =  
Sol: Here, the given function f(x) = x 3
is not  1  1
defined at x = 0 in [–1, 1].  3 
 f(x) is neither continuous nor c= 3

differentiable in the interval [–1, +1].
 Option (d) is correct.
15. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let f(x) be defined on
1
[a, b] = [0, 2]  f 1 ( x )  x .
1 x2 17. Ans: (c)
Then by Lagrange’s mean value theorem, Sol: Let f(x) = logx & a = 2


Then the coefficient of (x–a)n in the Taylor Here, tan(u) is a homogeneous function of
series expansion of f(x) about x = a is given degree 2.
f (n)
(a ) By Euler's theorem, we have
by a n 
n! u u f u   tan u 
x y 2 = 2 2  = sin 2u
 The coefficient of (x – 2) is given by 3
x y f  u   sec u 
f 111 (2) 1  2  1
a3    3 
3! 3!  x  x 2 24 21. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given u(x,y) = x2 tan–1(y/x) – y2tan–1(x/y)
18. Ans: (d) Then, u(x, y) is a homogenous function of
Sol: Let x –  = t degree 2
Then x =  + t By Euler's theorem, we have
sin x sin   t   sin t   2u    2u 
x 2  2   2 xy
  2u 
  y 2  2  = 2(2 – 1)u
Now,  =
x t t  x   xy   y 
1  t3 t5  =2u
= t    .........
t  3! 5 ! 
22. Ans: (b)
2 4
t t
= 1   ....... Sol: Let u = x 2  y 2  z 2 or u2 = x2 + y2 + z2
3! 5!
2x x
 x    x   
2 4 Then, ux = =
= 1   ....... 2 x y z
2 2 2 u
3! 5!
u2  x2
 uxx =
19. Ans: (c) u3
Sol: e x  x  1  x  x   x  x   x  x 
2 2 2 2 3 u 2  y2 u 2  z2
2
 .... Similarly, uyy = and uzz =
1! 2! 3! u3 u3
2
 exx = 1 + x +
3x 2 7 3
 x Now, uxx + uyy + uzz =

3u 2  x 2  y 2  z 2 
2 6 u3
2
20. Ans: (b)  uxx + uyy + uzz =
u
 x 3 y3 
Sol: Let u = tan 1  4 
4 
x y 
x 3 y3 23. Ans: 2.718
Then f(u) = tan u = 4
x  y4
Sol: Given u = x ey z, where y = 1  x 2


and z = sin2 x
    22ba yx 
2
du
 2x. cos x 2  y 2 . 1  2 y cos x 2  y 2 2
du u u dy u dz dx  
Now,   .  .
dx x y dx z dx
du  a 2 
 x  dx  b 

  1  2  2 x. cos x 2  y 2 
= e z + x e z . 
y y
 + x ey sin 2x
 1 x
2

 dy  26. Ans: (b)
   e = 2.718
 dx  0,1,1 Sol: Given f(x) = (x – 2)2 (x – 1)
 f(x) = (x –2)2 + 2(x – 1) (x –2)
24. Ans: –1 Consider f(x) = 0
Sol: Let f(x, y) = xy + yx = c  x = 1, 2
 f  Now, f (1) = 1 > 0 and f (2) = 0
 
dy x y x y1  y x . log y
Then   =  y  f(x) has a minimum at t = 1
dx  f  x . log x  x y x 1
 
 y  27. Ans: 12
 dy  Sol: Given f(x) = 3x3  7x2 + 5x + 6 in [0, 2]

    1
 dx  1,1  f (x) = 9x2 14x + 5 & f (x) = 18x  14
Consider f (x) = 0 for stationary points
25. Ans: (c)
2 2
 9x2  14x + 5 = 0
Sol: Given u = sin(x + y ) …….(1)
 (x 1)(9x 5) = 0
a2x2 + b2y2 + c2 ……..(2)
5
dy u dx u dy  x = 1, are stationary points
Now,   ………(3) 9
dx dx dx dy dx
At x = 1, f (1) = 18  14 = 4 > 0
Differentiating (2) w.r.t ‘x’, we get
 Local minimum exists at x = 1
dy
2a x  2b
2
0
2
dx 5 5 5
At x = , f ''    18    14 = –4  0
9 9 9
dy  2a 2 x
  …….(4)
dx 2b 2 y 5
 Local maximum exists at x =
9
5
Now, f(0) = 6 , f(2) = 12 and f    7.13
9
From (1) & (4) , (3) becomes


 The maximum value of f(x) in Consider x2 = x12
  5   2a = a2
[0, 2]= max f (0), f (2), f   
  9   a = 0 or 2
= max {6, 12, 7.13} = 12 Clearly f has a local maximum at x = 2 and a
local minimum at x = 4
28. Ans: (c)
 a = 2 (  a > 0)
Sol: Given y = a log |x| + bx2 + x
dy 1 |x| 30. Ans: 5
  a. .  2 b x 1
dx |x| x Sol: z = 2 + 2 = ( + )2 – 2
dy a  bx 2  x = a2 – 2a + 6
 
dx x = (a –1)2 + 5  5
 dy  z is least iff a = 1
Consider   0
 dx  x  1 least value of z = [z]a=1 = 5
 – a –2b + 1 = 0 ........... (1)
 dy  31. Ans: (b)
Consider    0
 dx  x  2 Sol: Given f(x, y) = xy + x – y
a  fx = y + 1 & fy = x – 1
  4b  1  0 ............... (2) Consider fx = y + 1 = 0 and fy = x –1 = 0
2
solving (1) & (2), we have  x = 1, y = –1
1  P(1, –1) is a stationary point
a = 2, b =
2 Here, r = fxx = 0, s = fxy = 1, t = fyy = 0
Now, rt – s2 = –1 < 0
29. Ans: 2  P(1, –1) is a saddle point
Sol: Given f(x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2x+ 1, a > 0
 f (x) = 6x2 – 18ax + 12a2x 32. Ans: (a)
and f (x) = 12x – 18a Sol: Given f(x, y) = 2(x2 – y2) – x4 + y4
Consider f(x) = 0  x = a or 2a are Consider fx = 4x – 4x3 = 0
stationary points.  x = 0, 1, –1
Now, f (a) = –6a < 0 Consider fy = –4y + 4y3 = 0
and f (2a) = 6a > 0  y = 0, 1, –1
If x1 = a then x2 = 2a Now, r = fxy = 4 – 12x2, s = fxy = 0
and t = fyy = –4 + 12y2


 5.3.13.1  

At (0,1), we have r > 0 and (rt – s2) > 0

=  .
 f(x, y) has minimum at (0,1)  10.8.6.4.2  2
At (–1, 0), we have r < 0 and (rt – s2) >0 32
=
 f(x, y) has a maximum at (–1, 0) 512
33. Ans: 4 36. Ans: 0.523

2

b b
Sol: | x sin x | dx = k
0 Sol: We have, 
a
f ( x ) dx =  f (a  b  x ) dx
a
 2
 0
x sin x dx  

  x sin x  dx = k
Here, f(x) =
1
=
cos 4 x
1  tan 4 x cos 4 x  sin 4 x
 x  cos x   sin x 0   x cos x  sin x 2  k
  sin 4 x
  – [–3] = k Now, f(a+ b –x)=f   x  =
 sin x  cos x
4 4
2
k=4
5 5
cos 4 x
 
12 12
Let I =  f ( x ) dx =  dx
34. Ans: 39 12 12
cos 4 x  sin 4 x
 x  dx
10
Sol: again
4
5 5
4 x  dx  5 x  dx  ........  9 x  dx
5 6 10
sin 4 x
= I=  f (a  b  x ) dx = 
12 12
  dx
12 12
sin x  cos 4 x
4
5 6 10
= 4
4 dx   5 dx  ........  
5 9
9 dx adding
5
= 4 + 5 +......+ 9 4
2I =  dx 
12

= 39 12
12

35. Ans: (a) I=
6
Sol: Let f(x) = sin6(x). cos4(x)
Then, f( – x) = [sin( – x)]6. [cos( – x)]4 37. Ans: (a)
6 4
 f( – x) = (sin(x)) (– cos(x)) 0 0
0 e x  e x
 f( – x) = (sinx) (cosx) = f(x) 6 4 Sol:  sin hx dx  cos hx 

 2 
 

 x.sin 6 x . cos 4 x  dx   sin 6 x . cos 4 x  dx 2  e   e  
0
20    
2  2 
  
 2 6  e
 2. sin x . cos x  dx 
4
 1 0   
2 0 2
 
 


38. Ans: (b) 41. Ans: (a)
  2  2
 2 xe  x  2 xe  x 3
1  x2
 x e dx   2 0  2 dx
2

x
Sol: dx  Sol: Given I = dx
 1 x  12
0 
 1 2    1 x 2  1 x2
=  e x    e  Let f x   , f x    as x  1
 2    2 0 x  12
 1 1  1
= 0      0 Let gx  
 2 2  x  12
=0 f x  1 x
 x  1  2
2
Lt  Lt
x 1 g x  x 1 x  12
39. Ans: (a) 3

1
dx 1 dx 1 1
Sol:  2  2 2 ( 2 is even function)
But  x  1
1
2
is known to be divergent.
1 x 0 x x
 By comparison test, the given integral also
dx 1 1
= 2 Lt   2 (since 2 is not defined at x = 0) divergent.
x 0 0 x x
1
 1 42. Ans: (a)
= 2  = 2{(–1) – (–)}
 x 0 2
x3  1
=  (Divergent) Sol: Given I = 
1 2x
dx
40. Ans: (d) x3 1

Let f(x) =
 2x
Sol: Gamma function is n   e  t . t n 1 dt f  x    an x  2
0
 
1
Let g(x) =
Now  t 3 / 2 . e  t dt   e  t . t 3 / 2 dt 2x
0 0
f x   x3  1 

3 2 11 Lt  Lt   2  x   9 finite
x  2 g x 
  e t . t dt x 2
 2x 
0
2

1 1 But  gx  dx is known to be convergent
  e t . t 2
dt 1
0
 By comparison test, the given integral also
  1  2 convergent.
 2 . 
  12   2  & 1  
2



43. Ans: (d)  y4 

1
   
ex  4 0
Sol: Given I = 1 x 2 dx
1 0
 
e x 4 4
Let f(x) = 2
x 1

1 4
Choose g(x) = 2
x
 
1
 gx  dx  
1 1
x2
dx  1 is known to be 46. Ans: (c)

2 a cos 
  r sin  dr d
2
convergent. Sol:
0 0
 By comparison test, the given integral

 2 a cos 
also convergent.  r2 
= 
0
2 sin   
 2 0
d
44. Ans: 1

  2 
 1  sin  2 a 2 cos 2  d
1 2
= 2
Sol:  x 0xy dx dy    x dx  .   y. dy  0
   
x 0  x 0   y 0 
0
1 2
= –2a2 
1
t 2 dt Put cos  = t
x 2
 y 2

   .  
 2 0  2 0 1 2a 2
= 2a2  t dt =
2
0 3
1  4 0
=   0 .     1
2  2 2
47. Ans: 0.1143
1 1 1 x
45. Ans: (c) Sol:  0 y 2
0
x dz dx dy
y2 y 
2
1 1
   x1  x  dx  dy

1 1
Sol:  0 y dx dy   x 0  dy

y 0 
y dx =
0 y2
0  
1
1 1  x2 x3 
  y (x)
y
0
2
dy = 
0
   dy
 2 3  y2
y 0
1  1 y4 y6  4
0  6  2  3  dy = 35
1
=
  y [y  0]dy
2
y 0


48. Ans: 0.0536  y2 
 q.s = a.  = y2
 x y  xy 2 dxdy  a 
2
Sol:
s
   x y  xy 2 dy dx
1 x
= 2 51. Ans: (a)
0 x2 
Sol: The area of the region R bounded by the
 y 2

x
y   3 x
1
curves y =x3 & y  x is given by
0 x  2   x    dx
2
=
  x2  3  x 2  1
 
1
 x 3/ 2 x 4  5
Area = x  x dx  
3
  =
 x2 2 
= 
0 2
1 x

x  x 4  x 3  x 6  dx
3
   x 0  3 / 2 4  0 12
  y y = x3
 0.054
y x
(1,1)
49. Ans: 32 R
x
Sol: The volume =  z dx dy
R
(0,0)
  4  x  dx dy
6 2
2
=
0 0 52. Ans: (d)
2
2 3  dy 
= 
6 
 4 x 
x3 
dy
Sol: Length =  1    dx
3  0  dx 
0
0

3
= 32
=  0
1  x dx
3
2 14
= 1  x 2  =
3
3 0 3
50. Ans: (c)
a a
Sol:   x, y dydx
0
53. Ans: 25.12
ax
4
By changing the order of integration the Sol: Volume =  0

 y 2 dx
y2 4
a a =   x dx
x, y  dydx
0
above integral becomes   0 = 8 cubic units
0
Now,
y2
q s a a
  x, y  dxdy =   x, y dydx

p r 0
0


54. Ans: 1.88 57. Ans: (a)

1 Sol: The Directional Derivative is maximum in
x
2
Sol: Volume = dy
0
the direction of 
2
1
Given (x, y, z) = x2y2z4
=  y
0
3
dy  1.88
  = (2xy2z4) i + (2x2yz4) j + (4x2y2z3) k
55. Ans: (a) At (3, 1,–2),  = 96 i  288 j  288 k
Sol: T = xy + yz + zx = 96i  3 j  3k 
 T = i y  z   jx  z   k x  y 
at (1, 1, 1),T = 2i  2 j  2k 58. Ans: (b)
f1 f 2 f 3
Given a  3i  4k Sol: Div f   
x y z
a
 Directional Derivative = T. = ex + e–x + 2 sin hx
|a|
= 2i  2 j  2k .
3i  4k  59. Ans: (a)
9  16
i j k
2   
= Sol:  × V =
5 x y z
y  x  y x 2 y  1 0
2 2
56. Ans: (b) = i 0  0  j[0  0  k2 y  1  2 y  1

2 2 2
Sol: f(x, y, z) = x + y + 2z
= 0
f = 2x i  2 yj  4zk
at (1,1,2), f = 2i  2 j  8k 60. Ans: (b)
Given a  f Sol: Given V  x 2  yz i  y 2  zx  j  z 2  xy  k
a Div V = 2x + 2y + 2z  0
Directional Derivative = f.
|a|  V is not divergence free
f i j k
= f.
| f |   
Curl V =
x y z
= | f | = 4  4  64
x 2  yz y 2  zx z 2  xy
= 72
= i x  x   jy  y  kz  z   0
= 2 18
 V is irrotational
 Option (b) is correct


61. Ans: (c)  F is irrotational
Sol: Given f = x2 + y2 + z2, r  x i  yj  3k  Work done by F is independent of path
 f r  fx i  fyj  fzk of curve
 F = 
div f r  

fx    fy   fz 
x y z where (x, y, z) is scalar potential
= x.2 x   f   [ y.2 y   f ]  z.2 y   f   2xy  z 3  i  x 2 j  3xz 2 k   i   j   k
x y z
= 2(x2 + y2 + z2) + 3f = 5f
 d = (2xy + z3) dx + x2 dy + 3xz2 dz
62. Ans: (b)  
  d =  2 xy  z 3 dx  x 2 dy  3xz 2 dz
 dx 
B
Sol: L.I   f .d r   f1 dx  f 2 dy  f 3 dz    d = y  xz 3
2
C A
( 4 ,1, 1)
 (x, y, z) = x2y + xz3
  (2z)dx  (2y)dy  (2x)dx 
( 0 , 2 ,1)
 Workdone =  F. dr = (3,1,4)–(1, –2,1)
C
( 4 ,1, 1) = [9(1)+3(64)] – [1(–2) + 1(1)]

  2z dx  2x dz   (2y)dy
( 0 , 2 ,1)
= 202
( 4 ,1, 1)
 2z dx  x dx   (2y)dy
 64. Ans: (d)
( 0 , 2 ,1) Sol: Y
( 4 ,1, 1) (2,4)
  2
( 0 , 2 ,1)
d ( xz)  2 y dy y=2x
( 4 ,1, 1)
 y2  (0,0) X
  2( xz)  2 
 (2,0)
 2  ( 0, 2,1)
By Green's Theorem,
= [2 (4) (–1) + (1)2] – [(2) (0) (1) + (2)2]
 N M 
= –11
 M dx  N dy    x 
C R
y 
dx dy
63. Ans: 202 where M = x + y, N = x2 and


Sol: Given F  2 xy  z 3 i  x 2 j  3xz 2 k  N M
 = 2x –1
x y
i j k
  
Curl F 
x y z
2 xy  z 3 x2 3xz 2
  2x  1 dy dx
2 2x
The given integral=

= i 0  0  j 3z 2  3z 2  k2x  2x   0  x 0 y 0


 2xy  y
2
=
2x
dx x 2 y2
0 0 i.e.  A.dr  0 , where C : 4

9
 1 is a
 4x 
C
2
= 2
 2 x dx closed curve.
0
20
= 67. Ans: (b)
3
Sol: Using Gauss-Divergence Theorem,
65. Ans: (c)  F.N
S
ds   div F dv
V
Sol: By Green's Theorem, we have
 N
=  V
3 dv  3 V
M 
 M dx  N dy    x  y  dx dy
C R
4
= 3  r 3
3
Here, M = 2x – y and N = x +3 y
= 4(4)3
N M
 =2 = 256
x y
Y
68. Ans: 264
(0, 1)
Sol: Using Gauss-Divergence Theorem,
(–2, 0) (2, 0)
X
 xy dy dz  yz dzdx  zx dx dy  
S
V
div F dv
 y  z  x  dv
(0, –1) =
V
   x  y  z  dzdydx
4 3 4
The given integral =  2 dx dy
R
=
x 0 y 0 z 0
  4x  4y  8 dy dz
4 3
= 2 Area of the given ellipse =
x 0 y 0
= 2 (. 2. 1) = 4
 12 x  18  24 dx
4
=
x 0
66. Ans: 0
= 264
Sol: Given A  
 Curl A  0
 A is Irrotational
Line integral of Irrotational vector
function along a closed curve is zero


69. Ans: 0 71. Ans: (d)
Sol: By Stokes' theorem, we have Sol: The function f(x) = x.sin x is even function
 F. dr =    F  . n ds  The fourier series of f(x) contain only

C S
cosine terms.
i j k The coefficient of sin 2x = 0
  
Here,  × F = 0
x y z 72. Ans: (b)
ex 2y 1
Sol: Let f(x) =
  x 2
 F is an irrotational 4
  F. d r  0 The fourier series of f(x) in (0, 2) is

f(x) =
a0

2 n 0
a n cos nx   b n sin nx  
70. Ans: (d)
1 2
 0
Now, ao = f ( x ) dx
i j k
  
Sol: Curl F = 1 2    x 
2
x y z =  dx
2 xy  y  yz2  y2z  0 4
2
1    x  
3
= i  2 yz  2 yz  j0  k0  1 =  
   12  0
 Curl F  k
Using Stokes' theorem, =
1
12

 3  3 
 F.dr   curl F.N ds   k.N ds
C S S =
2 3
=
2
12 6
Let R be the protection of s on xy plane
a 0 2
 The constant term = 
dxdy 2 12
  k.N ds =  k.N
S R
| N.k |
73. Ans: (b)
= 1 dx dy
R
Sol: The given function is odd in (–, )
= Area of Region  Fourier series of f(x) contains only sine
terms.
= r2 = (1)2 = 


74. Ans: (b) = 2 x  x 2  cos x     2 x  sin x    2  cos x 0

k  2  2 1 
 n
Sol: f(x) =    sin nx  =
8
n 1  n  

At x =
2 76. Ans: (b)
k 1 1 1  Sol: f(x) = (x – 1)2
k = 1     ......
 3 5 7  The Half range cosine series is
a0 
1 1 1
 1     ........ =
 f(x) =   a n cos nx 
3 5 7 4 2 n 1
2 
an =  x  12 cos nx  dx
75. Ans: (c)  0
1
Sol: f(x) = x – x2 = 2 x  12 . sin nx   2x  1. cos2 n2x  2 sin3n3 x 
   n  n  n  0
f(x) =  b n sin nx 4
n 1 =
n 2
2
bn =
2 
 0
 
x  x 2 sin nx dx
b1 =
2 
 0

x  x 2 . sin x dx  

Chapter
01.
3 Probability & Statistics
15 5
C. R. Rao
P ( D)  
Sol: A die is rolled two times. Then sample space 36 12
S is
S  { (1,1) (1,2) (1,6) 02.
(2,1) (2,2) (2,6) Sol: As given four fair six sided dice are rolled
 So sample space S = 64
(6,1) (6,2).......(6,6)} = 3636
S = 36 = 1296
(i) Let A = same face appear (i) Let A = sum is 22
A = {(5,5,6,6)
= 6  {(1,1) (2,2) (3,3) (4,4) (5,5) (6,6)}
(5,6,5,6)
6 1
P(A)   (6,5,5,6)
36 6
(ii) Let B = sum of neither 8 nor 9 (6,5,6,5)
(6,6,5,5)
B = sum is 8 or 9
(5,6,6,5)
= {(2,6) (3,5) (4,4) (5,3) (6,2)
(6,6,6,6)
(3,6) (4,5) (5,4) (6,3)}
(6,6,4,6)
=9
(6,4,6,6)
9 3
P(B)  1  P(B)  1   (4,6,6,6)}
36 4
A = 10
(iii) Let C = sum is either 7 or 11
10
= {(1,6) (2,5) (3,4) (4,3) (5,2) P(A) 
1296
(6,1) (5,6) (6,5)}
(ii) Let B = sum is 21
=8
(6,6,6,3)  4 combinations
8 2
P ( C)   (5,5,5,6)  4 combinations
36 9
(iv) Let D = the second toss results in a (6,6,5,6)  6 combinations
value that is higher than first toss (5,6,5,6)  6 combinations
D = {(1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6) So total combinations to get sum 21 is 20
(2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6) (4,5) 20 20
P(B)  
(4,6) (5,6)} = 15 36  36 1296
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, FRS known as C R Rao (born 10 September 1920) is an Indian-born, mathematician and statistician.
The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend whose work has influenced not just statistics, but has had far
reaching implications for fields as varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and
medicine.
03. Ans: (c) 1 a 

= ( sum of infinite terms
Sol: Total cases = 6 = 216 3
2 1  r 
Let x = Number of dice show same face of geometric series)
P(x  2) = P(x = 2) + P(x = 3) 1
where a = 1, r =
3
C2 6 5 6 3
= 
216 216  
96 1 1 
= =  
2 1
216 1
 3
4
  
9 11
=  
22
04. Ans: (c) 3
Sol: H = event of getting head 3
=
T = event of getting tail 4
X = event of getting 5 or 6
05.
X = event of getting number except 5 or 6 Sol: Urn contains 12 Red, 16 Blue & 18 Green
1 balls
P(H) 
2 (i) Let A = 3 red, 2 blue and 2 green balls
1 are withdrawn
P (T ) 
2
3  C2  C2
C12 16 18
2 1 P(A) 
P(X)   C 746
6 3
(ii) Let C = atleast 2 red balls are withdrawn
2
P(X) 
3 C 12
2  C 34  
5  C3  C 4  C 4  C3
12 34 12 34
  
Let Y = event of gets head before gets 5 or 6
P ( C) 

 C C 12
5
34
2   C 12
6 C34
1  C
12
7
46
on the die C 7
P(Y)  P(H)  P(T) P(X) P(H)  P(T) P(X) P(T)PX P(H)  ........ (iii) Let D = all withdrawn balls are of the
 P(H) (1  P(T) P(X)  P(T) P(X) P(T )  ....) same colour
1 1 2 1 2 1 2  7  C7  C7
C12 16 18
P(Y)  1        ..... P ( D) 
2 2 3 2 3 2 3  C 746
1  1 1 
2
(iv) Let E = either exactly 3 red balls or
 1      ......
2  3  3   exactly 3 blue balls are withdrawn
P(E) 
C 12
3  C 34 
4  C3  C 4
16 30

C 346
: 29 : Probability
06. Ans: (a)

Sol: Urn contains 5 red and 7 green balls
P(R1) = Probability of getting red ball in
first draw
5 pole 100m
=
12
P(R2) = Probability of getting red ball in
A
6 60m
second draw (extra red ball added) =
13
A
P(G1) = Probability of getting green ball in 40m
first draw
7
=
12
 (60) 2  
P(R3) = Probability of getting red ball in P(A)  1  P(A)  1   2 

 (100)  
second draw (extra green ball added)
36 64 16
5  1  
= 100 100 25
13
The probability of getting a red ball in the 08. Ans: (d)
next draw Sol: p = Probability of birthday on Sunday
= [P(R1)  P(R2)] + [P(G1)  P(R3)] 1
=
5 6 7 5 7
    
12 13  12 13  q = Probability of birthday on any day
30  35 65 except Sunday
 
12 13 156 6
=
7
07. Ans: (a) Then probability in a family of 5 members,
Sol: Let A = The cow is atleast 60m away from exactly 2 members have birthday on Sunday
the pole  C 52 p 2 q 3
A = The cow is 60m away from the pole 2 3
1 6
C    
5
2
7 7
5! 1 63
  2 3
3! 2! 7 7

5  4 6 3 10 6 3 C  C   C  C   C
13 13 13 13 13
 
 C13
1  C1  C1
13 13

  5 
1 1 1 1 1
2 7 75  C  C   C  C 
13 13 13 13
P(B)  1 1 1 1
C 52
2
09. 6  13  13  50!2!

Sol: Two cards are drawn from a pack of 52 52!
cards 6  13 13  2

(i) Let A = Two cards drawn from pack of 52  51
52 cards, both of them from same suit. 13

In a pack of 52 cards there are 4 suits  17
clubs, diamonds, hears and spades.
Each suit contains 13 cards 10.
Sol: A card is selected at random from a pack of
2  C2  C2  C2
C13 13 13 13
So, P(A)  52 cards then
C 52
2
Sample space S = 52
4 C13
 52
2
(i) A part of 52 cards contains 13 spade
C2
cards and 16 face cards
4  13! 50!  2!
 A = A spade card selected from pack of
11!  2!  52!
52 cards
4 13 12 B = A face card selected from pack of

52  51
52 cards
4
 13 12
17 P(A)  , P(B) 
52 52
(ii) Let B = Two cards drawn from a pack of
In a pack of 52 cards 4 cards are common
52 cards both of them from different
means 4 spade cards are face cards.
suits.
3
[ (Club, Diamonds) PA  B 
52
(Club, Heart)
P(A  B) = probability of selected card
(Club, Spade)
is spade or face
(Club, Heart) = P(A) + P(B) – P(AB)
(Diamond, Heart) 13 12 3 22
   
(Diamond, Spade) 52 52 52 52
(Heart , Spade) ]

: 31 : Probability
(ii) K = A king card selected from 52 cards = P(A) + P(B) – P(C)

4 33 25 8
P(K )    
52 200 200 200
R = A red card selected from 52 cards 50 1
 
26 200 4
P(R ) 
52
2
PK  R   12. Ans: (b)
52
Sol: S = sample space of ticket number
PK  R   P(K )  P(R )  PK  R 
= { (0,0) (0,1)……..(9,9)}
4 26 2 X = sum of digits on tickets = 9
  
52 52 52 = { (0,9) (1,8) (2,7) (3,6) (4,5) (5,4) (6,3)
28 7 (7,2) (8,1) (9,0)}
 
52 13
Y = product of the digits on the tickets = 0
(iii) Q = A queen card selected from a
= { (0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (0,4) (0,5) (0,6)
52 cards
(0,7) (0,8) (0,9) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) (4,0)
4
P (Q)  (5,0) (6,0) (7,0) (8,0) (9,0) }
52
10 19 2
4 P(X)  P(Y)  P(X  Y) 
P(K )  100 100 100
52
PX  Y  2 / 100 2
P(QK) = 0 P x  9 / y  0    
P(Y) 19 / 100 19
P(QK) = P(Q) + P(K) – P(QK)
4 4 8 2 13. Ans: (b)
  0  
52 52 52 13 Sol: S = sample space of a die thrown three times
= (6)3 = 6  6  6 = 216
11. Ans: (a)
Let A = sum of the numbers found to be 16
Sol: A = Integers divisible by 6 = 33 (6 to 198)
= {(6,6,4)
B = Integers divisible by 8 = 25 (8 to 200)
(6,4,6)
C = Integers divisible by both 6 and 8
(4,6,6)
= Integers divisible by 24 (LCM of 6 and
(6,5,5)
8)
(5,6,5)
= 8 (24 to 192)
(5,5,6)}
So, probability that the number divisible by
6
6 or 8 P(A) 
216
= P(A) + P(B) – P(AB)
Let B = 5 appears on the third row 15. Ans: 0.4

= 36 Sol: Given P(A  B) = 0.64 and
36 P(A  B) = 0.16
P(B) 
216 Now, P(A  B) = 0.64
AB = {(6,5,5) P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) = 0.64
(5,6,5)} P(A) + P(B) – 0.16 = 0.64
2 P(A) + P(B) = 0.80 ......... (1)
PA  B 
216 P(A  B) = P(A) P(B)
PB  A  ( ∵ A & B are independent events)
PB / A  
P(A)
0.16 = P(A) P(B)
2 / 216 0.16
 PB 
6 / 216 PA 
2 1 0.16
  (1)  P(A) + = 0.80
6 3 PA 
 (P(A))2 + 0.16 = 0.80 P(A)
14. Ans: (d)
 (P(A))2 – 0.80 P(A) + 0.16 = 0
80
Sol: P(A)   0.8  [P(A) – (0.4)]2 = 0
100
60  P(A) = 0.4
P(B)   0.6
100
16.
 
P A  1  P(A)  0.2
Sol: B1 = sum of the outcomes is 12
PB  1  P(B)  0.4 B2 = sum of the outcomes is 7
The probability that atleast one of them will B3 = sum of the outcomes is neither 7 nor
solve a problem 12
= 1 – probability that no one will solve A = Lunch offered at a five star hotel
problem 1 6 1 29
PB1   , PB 2    , PB3  
=1– PA PB     36 36 6 36
2 1 1
= 1 – [0.2  0.4] PA | B1   , PA | B2   , PA | B3  
3 2 3
= 1 – (0.08)
= 0.92

: 33 : Probability
(i) P(A) = P(B1) P(A|B1) + P(B2) P(A|B2)  1  2

  0.3     0.1 
+ P(B3) P(A|B3)  3  3
 1 2   6 1   29 1  0.3  0.2 0.5 1

           0.1667
 36 3   36 2   36 3  3 3 6
10 (ii) P(A/B) = Probability that the system is

27 overloaded given that your call is
(ii) blocked.
PB1 P(A | B1 )
PB1 | A   P( B / A ) P(A )
P(A / B) 
P(B1 )P(A | B1 )  P(B 2 )P(A | B 2 )

P(B / A) P(A)  P B / A P(A) 
 P(B3 )P( A | B3 )
1
0.3 
 3
2 1
  1   2
 0.3     0.1 
 3 36  3  3
10
27 0.3

1 0.3  0.2

20 0.3
  0.6
0.5
17.
Sol: Let A = event of cell in a wireless system 18.
overloaded. Sol: First we draw venn diagram:
A = event of cell in a wireless system is
not overloaded. physics
B = event of call is blocked a
1
P(A) 
3 d e
i
1 2
P(A)  1   f
3 3 b c
maths
P(B/A) = 0.3
chemistry
 
P B / A  0.1
(i) P(B) = Probability that your call
is blocked 40 students failed in mathematics
40 = c + e + f + i……..(1)
P(B)  P(B / A) P(A)  P B / A P(A)  
30 students failed in physics The probability that he passed in all three

30 = a + d + e + i…….(2) subjects
25 students failed in chemistry 45
  0.45
25 = b + d + f + i…….(3) 100
20 failed in mathematics and physics (ii) The number of students failed in atmost
20 = e + i…….(4) one subjects is
15 failed in physics and chemistry = 45 + a + b + c
15 = d = i……..(5) = 45 + 0 + 5 + 15 = 65
10 failed in mathematics and chemistry The probability that the a selected students
10 = f + i…….(6) 65
failed in atmost one subject   0.65
5 failed in mathematics, physics and 100
chemistry (iii) Number of students failed exactly one
5 = i……..(7) subject
By using equation (6) & (7)  f = 5 =a+b+c
By using equation (5)  d = 10 = 0 + 5 + 15
= 20
By using equation (4)  e = 15
Probability of a student selected at random
By using f, d, e and i value we find a,b,c
20
value as failed in exactly one subject   0.2
100
a = 30 – (d+e+i)
(iv) Number of students failed in exactly the
= 30 – (10+15+5)
subjects
a=0
=d+e+f
b = 25 – (d+f+i)
= 10 + 15 + 5
= 25 – (10+5+5)
= 30
b=5
Probability of a student selected at random
c = 40 – (e+f+i)
30
= 40 – (15+5+5) failed exactly two subjects   0.3
100
c = 15
(v) Number of students failed in atleast two
(i) Number of students passed in all three
subjects
subjects is
=d+e+f+i
= 100 – [a+b+c+d+e+f+i]
= 10 + 15 + 5 + 5
= 100 – [0+5+15+10+15+5+5]
= 35
= 100 – [55]
= 45

: 35 : Probability
Probability of a student selected at random (ii) var (x) = E(x2) – (E(x))2

35 4
failed in atleast two subjects   0.35 E(X 2 )   x i2 f ( x i )
100 i 1
(vi) The number of students failed in atmost = (10.3) + (40.4) + (90.2)

two subjects + (160.1)
= (d + e + f) + (a + b + c) + 45 = 0.3 + 1.6 + 1.8 + 1.6 = 5.3
= 30 + 20 + 45 Var(x) = E(x2) – (E(x))2
= 95 = 5.3 – (2.1)2
Probability of a student selected at random = 0.89
95
failed in atmost two subjects   0.95
100 21. Ans: 150
Sol: P(H) = Probability of 1 head occur
19. Ans: 0 and 0.4
1
Sol: Here f (x) is an even function 
2

E (X)   x. f ( x ) dx  0 P(T) = Probability of 1 tail occur
 1

( x f(x) is an odd function) 2
 Probability of three heads occur
E (X 2 )   x 2 f ( x ) dx 3 0
 1 1 1
P(3H)  C      
3
3
0 1
1 2 2 8
  x (1  x ) dx   x 2 (1  x ) dx 
2
1 0
6 Probability of two heads occur
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 3
Variance of X = E (X ) –(E (X)) =2 2 P(2H)  C 32       3   
6 2 2 4 2 8
1 Probability of one head occur
Standard deviation =
6 1 1
1
1 3
2
P(1H)  C13       3  
20. 2 2 8 8
4
Sol: (i) E(X)   x i f ( x i ) Probability of no head occur
i 1 0 3
1 1 1
P(0H)  C 30      
= x1 f(x1) + x2 f(x2) + x3 f(x3) 2 2 8
+ x4 f(x4)
= (10.3) + (20.4) + (30.2)
+ (40.1)
= 2.1
j1, k 3
Expected value of game
= [500P(3H)] + [300P(2H)]
(ii) PX  1   Px y 
j0 , k 1
j k
+ [100P(1H)] + [–500P(0H)] = P(x0 y1) + P(x0 y2) + P(x0 y3) + P(x1 y1)
 1  3  3  1 + P(x1 y2) + P(x1 y3)
  500     300    100     500  
 8  8  8  8 = 3k + 6k + 9k + 5k + 8k + 11k
500  900  300  500 = 42k

8 1 7
 42 
1200 72 12

8 j 2 ,k  2
= 150
(iii) PY  2    Px y 
j0 ,k 1
j k
= P(x0 y1) + P(x0 y2) + P(x1 y1)

22. Ans: (d) + P(x1 y2) + P(x2 y1) + P(x2 y2)
–x
Sol: f(x) = e 0x = 3k + 6k + 5k + 8k + 7k + 10k
2
= 39k
The probability of f ( x )   f ( x ) dx
0 1
 39 
2 72
  e  x dx 13
0 
24
2
e x j 2 ,k 3

1 0
(iv)  Px y 
j1,k 1
j k
= –1 (e–2 – 1) = P(x1 y1) + P(x1 y2) + P(x1 y3) + P(x2 y1)

–2
=1–e + P(x2 y2) + P(x2 y3)
= 0.865 = 5k + 8k + 11k + 7k + 10k + 13k
= 54k
23. 1 3
 54  
Sol: (i) We know   P ( x , y)  1
x y
72 4
3k + 6k + 9k + 5k + 8k + 11k + 7k 24.
+ 10k + 13k = 1  1
1 1
Sol: (i) P x      (x  y) dx dy
72k = 1  2  y 0 x 1 / 2
1
k  x2
1

1
72     yx  dy
y 0 
2  x 1 / 2

: 37 : Probability
1
 1  1   1  (iii)
 y0  2 1  4   y1  2 dy y
1
3 y 3 1 ( y 2 )10
  8 2  8 ( y) 0  4

y 0 
 dy 
(0,1)
3 1 5 x+y=1
  
8 4 8
x
y=1 (0,0) (1,0)
In the given figure, we have indicated the

square region 0  x  1, 0  y  1, within
y=0
x=0 x = 1/2 x=1 which the joint density function shown.
The required probability
P(x > 1/2) = P(1/2 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1) P(X  Y  1)    f (x, y) dx dy
1/ 2 1 R
 1
(ii) P y      (x  y) dx dy 1 (1 y )
2  y 0
 x 1 / 2    (x  y) dx dy
y 0 x 0
1
1/ 2
 x2  1
1 
     yx  dy     y dy
  x2
1

(1 y )
y 0 
2  x 0 y 0 
2      yx  dy
y 0 
2  x 0
1/ 2
1 y2  3
  y   1
2 y  y 0 8 (1  y) 2
 y0 2  y(1  y) dy
y=1 1 1 1
(1  y) 3 y2  y3
  
y = 1/2 6 0 2 0 3 0
(0  1) 1  1
y=0   
x=0 x=1 6 2 3
1 1 1 1
P(y < 1/2) = P(0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1/2)    
6 2 3 3
1
PX  Y  1 
3

25. Ans: (b) 27. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let A = Event of getting a total of 7 atleast 1
Sol: Probability of getting head is p =
once in three tosses of a pair of fair dice. 2
The probability of getting total of 7 is 1
Probability of getting tail is q =
6 1 2
P(B)  
36 6 The probability of getting sixth head at the
The probability of not getting total of 7 is eleventh toss is given by
5 5
1 5 1 1 1
10
C
P(B)  1   = 10 C 5     = 11 5
6 6 2 2 2 2
P(A) = 1 – probability of not getting a seven
three times in a row 28.
5
3 Sol: In case of poisson’s distribution
P( A )  1   
6 x e  
PX  x  
x!
125
 1 v eh 30
216   240  (hr )
hr 3600
91
P(A)  =2
216
(i) Probability of one vehicle arriving over a
30 second time interval
26. Ans: (b)
Sol: If the person is one step away, then we have (2)1 e 2
  2 e 2  0.27
1!
two cases:
Case1: 6 forward steps and 5 backward (ii) Probability of atleast one vehicle
(or) arriving over a 30 sec time interval
Case2: 6 backward steps and 5 forward. = 1 – [probability of no vehicle arriving
Required Probability over a 30 sec interval]
= C(11,6)(0.4)6 + C(11,5)(0.6)6 (0.4)5  e   0   e 2 
 1    1     0.8647
= C(11,5) (0.4)5 (0.6)5 (0.4 +0.6)  0!   1 
= 462 × (0.24)5 (iii) probability of more than two vehicles
arriving over a 30 sec time interval
= 1 – (P(0) = P(1))
 e   0 e   1 e   2 
 1    
 0! 1! 2! 

: 39 : Probability
 2  P(1 misprint) = f(1; 0.6)

 1  e  1    
 2
=
0.61 e 0.6 = (0.6) (0.549)
= 1 – e–2 (1+2+2) 1!
= 1 – 5e–2 = 0.329
= 0.3233 Required probability
= 1 – (0.549 + 0.329)
29. Ans: 0.0046 = 0.122
Sol: n = 1000, p = 0.0001
 = np = 0.1 31. Ans: 0.2
Let x = Number of accidents occur in a Sol: The area under normal curve is 1 and the
week. curve is symmetric about mean.
p(x  2) = 1 – p(x < 2)
= 1 – px  0   px  1
0.3 0.3
 e e 
0  1 
=1–    80 100 120
 0! 1! 
 P(100 < X < 120) = P(80 < X < 120) = 0.3
= 1 – {e–0.1 + 0.1 e–0.1}
Now, P(X < 80) = 0.5 – P(80 < X < 120)
= 1 – 1.1 e–0.1
= 0.5 – 0.3 = 0.2
= 0.0046 (approx)
32.
30. Ans: 0.122
Sol: The parameters of normal distribution are
Sol: We view the number of misprints on one
 = 68 and  = 3
page as the number of successes in a
Let X = weight of student in kgs
sequence of Bernoulli trials. Here n = 300
X 
1 Standard normal variable = Z =
since there are 300 misprints, and p = , 
500
(i) When X = 72, we have Z = 1.33
the probability that a misprint appears on a
Required probability = P(X > 72)
given page. Since p is small, we use the
= Area under the normal curve to the right
Poisson approximation to the binomial
of Z = 1.33
distribution with  = np = 0.6.
= 0.5 – (Area under the normal
We have
curve between Z = 0 and Z = 1.33)
P(0misprint) = f(0; 0.6)
= 0.5 – 0.4082
=
0.60 e 0.6 = e–0.6 = 0.549 = 0.0918
0!
Expected number of students who weigh 2 = npq = (3500) (0.04) (0.96)

greater than 72 kgs = 300 × 0.0918 2 = 134.4,   11.59
= 28 Let X = number of people having
(ii) When X = 64, we have Z = –1.33 Alzheimer's disease
Required probability = P(X  64)  X   150   
PX  156  P  
= Area under the normal curve to the    
left of Z = – 1.33  150  140 
 P Z  
= 0.5 – (Area under the normal curve  11.59 
between Z = 0 and Z = 1.33) = P(Z < 0.86)
(By symmetry of normal curve)
= 0.5 – 0.4082
= 0.0918
Expected number of students who
Z = 0 Z = 0.86
weigh less than 68 kgs = 300 × 0.0918
= 28 = 0.5 + Area between z = 0 & z = 0.86
(iii) When X = 65, we have Z = –1 = 0.5 + 0.3051
When X = 71, we have Z = +1 = 0.8051
Required probability = P(65< X < 71)
= Area under the normal curve 34.
1
to the left of Z = – 1 and
Sol: (i) E ( x )   x f ( x )dx
Z = +1 0
= 0.6826 1
f (x)  1
(By Property of normal curve) ba
Expected number of students who 1
x2 1
weighs between 65 and 71 kgs E( x )  
2 0 2
= 300 × 0.6826 1
 205 (ii) E ( x )   x 2 f ( x )dx

2
33. Ans: 0.8051 1 1

f (x)   1
Sol: The probability of population has b  a 1 0
1
Alzheimer's disease is x3 1
E( x ) 
2

p = 0.04, q = 0.96, n = 3500 3 0 3
 = np = (3500) (0.04) = 140

: 41 : Probability
1 36.
(iii) E ( x 2 )   x 3 f ( x )dx
0
Sol: Given that passenger derives at a bus stop at
1 10 AM:
x4 1
  While stop arrive time is uniformly
4 0
4
distributed between 10AM to 10:30AM
(iv) Variance = E(x2) – (E(x))2 1 1 1
2 f (x)   
1 1 1 1 1 b  a 30  0 30
     
3 2 3 4 12 (i) As we know passenger arrives bus stop
at 10:00AM. But as given he want to
35. Ans: (d) wait more than 10 minutes means
Sol: If point chosen is (0,0) then length of 10:10AM to 10:30AM
position vector (minimum value of P can be 30
O) will be 0 and the maximum value of P be PX  10 min    f ( x ) dx

10
5 when point chosen is (1,2) 30
1
Minimum value of P = 0 at (0,0) point   30 dx
10
Maximum value of P = 5 at (1,2) point
1
5  30
( x )10
30
E(P 2 )   P 2 f (p) dp
0 20

1 1 30
f ( p)   as p is random
5 0 5 2

variable 3
5 (ii) As per given condition passenger will
1
E(P )   P
2 2
dp has to wait 10 : 15 AM to 10 : 25 AM.
0 5
25
P(15  x  25) =  f x  dx
5
1 P 3

  
5  3
15
0
25
1

1 1 1
 ( 5 )3   5  5 =  30 dx
5 3 3 15
5 10
E(P 2 )  =
3 30
1
=
3

37. Ans: (b) 

  f ( x ) dx
Sol: In case of exponential distribution 3
 e  x
x0 
f ( x )   2 e 2 x dx
0 otherwise
3
1 
Mean =  e 2 x 
  2  
1  2 3
Variance =
2 = –1 ( 0 – e–6)
f(x) = 2 e–2x = e–6
1 1 = 0.0025
mean  
 2
40.
1 1
variance  2  Sol: Given data: 27, 35, 40, 35, 36, 36, 29
 4
27  35......  29
(i) Mean is x 
38. Ans: 0.3678 7
Sol: The probability density function is x  34
–x
P(x) =  e x0 (ii) Arrange the data points in ascending
=0 x<0 order 27, 29, 35, 35, 36, 36, 40
Probability that x exceeds th expected value Median = 35
 1
 (iii) Modes = 35, 36
P X      e x dx
  1
x
 41.
 e x 
 Sol: Given:
   Class Frequency
    x1

0-10 4




0  e 1  10-20 5
20-30 7
= e–1
30-40 10
= 0.3678
40-50 12
39. Ans: 0.0025 50-60 8

Sol: f(x) = 2 e–2x 60-70 4
The probability that shower more than three
minutes

: 43 : Probability
(i) mean is
5  4  15  5  25  7  35  10  45  12 (iii)
 55  8  65  4
x
4  5  7  10  12  8  4 Class Frequency
x  37.2 0-10 4
10-20 5
N  1 50  1 20-30 7
(ii)   25.5
2 2 30-40 10
40-50 12 ← modal class
Cumulative
Class Frequency 50-60 8
frequency
60-70 4
0-10 4 4
10-20 5 9 l = 40, f = 12, f–1 = 10, f1 = 8
20-30 7 16 1 = f– f–1 = 2, 2 =f – f1 = 4
30-40 10 26 ← Median class  1 
Mode      C
40-50 12 38  1   2 
50-60 8 46
 2 
60-70 4 50  40    10
24
= 43.33
Where l = 30, f = 10, m = 16; N = 50 c = 10
N  42.
 2  m
The median     c Sol: The regression line of x and y is
 f  2x – y – 20 = 0
 
2x = y + 20
 50 
 2  16  x=
1
y  10
 30   10 2
 10 
  The regression coefficient of x and y is
= 39 1
bxy =
2
The regression line of y on x is
2y – x + 4 = 0
2y = x – 4
1
y= x2
2
y
1.6  0.8
The regression coefficient of y on x is x
1 y 1.6 2
byx =  
2 x 1.8 1
(i) The correlation coefficient is
  x = 1 and  y = 2
1
r= b yx b xy  The angle between two regression lines is
4
1 r2   x y 
1 tan      
r=
 r   2  2 
2  x y 
(ii) Given  y 
1 1  0.82   1 2  
=  2 2
= 0.18
 0.8   1  2 
4
y
byx = r
x
44. Ans: (b)
1 Sol: Null Hypothesis H0: The sample has been
1 1 4
 drawn from a population whit mean  = 280
2 2 x
days
1
 x = Alternate Hypothesis H1: The sample is not
4
drawn from a population with mean  = 280
(iii) Both regression lines passing through
i.e.   280
x, y  , we have
Two-tailed test should be used.
2 x  y  20  0
x 
2y  x  4  0 Now the test statistic z 

By solving these two equations, we get n
x  12 and y  4  = 280, x = mean of the sample = 265
 = 30, n = size of the sample = 400
43. Ans: 0.18
265  280
Sol: Given: byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 Z  10
30
r  b yx b xy 400
r  1 .6  0 .4  |Z| = 10
Z = 1.96
r = 0.8
Since |Z| = 10 > 1.96, we reject null
y
Now, byx == r hypothesis
x
The sample is not drawn from population.
: 45 : Probability
45. Ans: (c) which we are trying to find the confidence

Sol: H 0 : P  1 , i.e., 20% of the product limits and P is nearly equal to p.
5
 pq   pq 
manufactured is of top quality. i.e.  p   1.96   P   p   1.96 
 n   n 
1
H1 : P  .
5  1 7 1 
i.e.  0.125     1.96 P
p = proportion of top quality products in the  8 8 400 
 
sample
 1 7 1 
50 1   0.125     1.96 
   8 8 400 
400 8
From the alternative hypothesis H1, we note i.e. 0.093  P  0.157
that two-tailed test is to be used. Therefore, 95% confidence limits for the
Let LOS be 5%. Therefore, z = 1.96. percentage of top quality product are 9.3 and
1 1 15.7.

pP 8 5
z 
PQ 1 4 1 46. Ans: (d)
 
n 5 5 400
Sol: H0: p = P, i.e. the hospital is not efficient.
Since the size of the sample is equal to 400. H1: p < P
3 One-tailed (left-tailed) test is to be used.
i.e., z   50  3.75
40
Let LOS be 1%.
Now |z| = 3.75 > 1.96.
Therefore, z = – 2.33.
The difference between p and P is significant
pP 63
at 5% level. z , where p   0.0984
PQ 640
Also H0 is rejected. Hence H0 is wrong or the n
production of the particular day chosen is P = 0.1726, Q = 0.8274
not a representative sample.
0.0984  0.1726
95% confidence limits for P are given by z   4.96
0.1726  0.8274
pP 640
 1.96
pq  |z| > |z|
n
Therefore, difference between p and P is
Note:
significant. i.e., H0 is rejected and H1 is
pq accepted.
We have taken in the denominator,
n That is, the hospital is efficient in bringing
because P is assumed to be unknown, for down the fatality rate of typhoid patients.
Chapter
4 Differential Equations
(With Laplace Transforms)
Leonhard Euler
(1707 – 1783)
01. Ans: (a) dt


t 4 
2
 dx  c
Sol: Given y 1  x 2 dy  x 1  y 2 dx  0
1 t
y xdx  tan 1    x  c
 dy  0 2 2
1  y2 1 x2
1  4x  y  1 
y xdx  tan 1    x  c is a G.S of (1)
  1  y2
dy  
1 x2
c 2  2 
1 2y 1 2x 03. Ans: (b)

 
2 1 y 2
dy  
2 1 x2
dx  c
dy
Sol: Given that  x tan y  x   1 ........ (1)
dx
1 1
 (2 1  y 2 )  (2 1  x 2 )  c Put y – x = t ........ (2)
2 2
dy dt
   1  ........... (3)
 f ' ( x ) dx  2 f ( x ) 
  f (x) 
dx dx
  Using (2) and (3), (1) becomes
 1  y2  1  x 2  c dt
 1  x tan t  1
dx
is a required general solution
dt
  x tan t
02. Ans: (a) dx
dy   cot t dt =  x dx + c
Sol: Given  (4x  y  1) 2 ...........(1)
dx x2
 log sin t = c
Put t = 4x + y + 1 …………….(2) 2
dt dy x2
 4 0  log [sin(y – x)] = c
dx dx 2
dy dt
   4 …………..(3)
dx dx 04. Ans: (c)
Using (2) & (3) equation (1) becomes dy y2 y2 / x 2
Sol:   ………..(1)
dt dx xy  x 2 y / x  1
 4  t2
dx Put y/x = v (or) y = vx …………(2)
dt dy dv
  (4  t 2 ) ……….(1)  = vx ……………..(3)
dx dx dx
Leonhard Euler is considered to be the pre-eminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest
mathematicians to have ever lived. He made important discoveries in every branch of mathematic
Using (2) & (3), (1) becomes 06. Ans: (a)

dv v2 dy
v x  Sol: Given x 2  (2xy  x  1)
dx v  1 dx
dv v2 v2  v2  v v dy  2 y 1 1
x  v      2
dx v  1 v 1 v 1 dx x x x
1 dy 2 y  1 1 
  dv   dv  log x  log c       …………..(1)
v dx x  x x 2 
 v – log v = log x + log c  dy 
  P( x ).Y  Q( x ) 
y  dx 
  log( y / x )  log x  log c
x 2
 x dx 2
If e  e 2 log x  e log x  x 2 then the G.S of
y
  log y  log x  log x  log c (1) is
x
1 1 

y
 log(cy) (or) y = x log(cy) is a GS of (1) yx 2     2  x 2 dx  c
x x x 
 yx 2   ( x  1)dx  c
05. Ans: (d)
x2
dy y  yx 2  xc
Sol: Given   cot( y / x ) …………(1) 2
dx x
1 1 c
y y   is a G.S of (1) &
Put  v or y = vx …………..(2) 2 x x2
x
1 1 2 1
dy dv y   2 for c  is a particular
  vx ………………(3) 2 x x 2
dx dx
solution of (1)
Using (2) & (3), (1) becomes
dv
vx  v  cot( v) 07. Ans: (c)
dx
Sol: Given that
dv
x  cot v (siny–y sinxy)dx+(x cosy – x sinxy) dy = 0
dx
 (sin y) dx + x cos y dy – sin xy (y dx+xdy)= 0
dx
  tan v    log c  d (x sin y) – sin(xy) d(xy) = 0
x
 log (sec v) = log x + log c   d (x sin y) –  sin(xy) d(xy) = c
 log (sec v) = log (xc)  x sin y + cos(xy) = c is a required general
 sec (y/x) = xc is a G.S of (1) solution

: 48 : Differential Equations
08. Ans: (c) The solution is

Sol: Given that (x3y2 + x) dy + (x2y3 – y) dx = 0 (5x4 +3x2y+2xy2)dx = c
 (x2y2 – 1) y dx + (x2y2 + 1) x dy = 0
 x5 + x3y + x2y2 = c
Let M = x3y2 + x and N = x2y3 – y
1 1 10. Ans: (b)
I.F = =
Mx  Ny 2xy dy 2x
Sol: Given that  2
Multiplying the given differential equation dx 
x  y2  2y 
by I.F, we get  2x dx = (x2+y2 – 2y) dy
 xy 2 1    x2y 1   2(x dx + y dy) = (x2 + y2) dy
    dx     dy = 0
 2 2x   2 2y   2 x dx  2 y dy 
    dy
 x y
2 2
Integrating 
  x 2y2  1 1  d(log(x2+y2)) = dy
   log x  log y  c
 4  2 2 Integrating both sides, we get
y x 2 y2 log(x2+y2) + c = y
 log   + c
x 2  y = log(x2+y2) + c is a general solution
09. Ans: (a) 11. Ans: (d)

Sol: The given equation is Sol: Given
(5x3 + 3xy + 2y2)dx + (x2 + 2xy)dy = 0 r sin d + (r3 – 2r2 cos + cos)dr = 0
Let M = 5x3 + 3xy + 2y2 and N = x2 + 2xy Let M = r sin & N = r3 – 2r2 cos + cos)
M N M N
  3x  4 y and = 2x + 2y  sin  and  2r 2 sin   sin 
y x r 
M N 1  N M   1 
  = x + 2y     2 r  
y x M   r   r 
1  M N  x  2y 1 Integrating factor is
     2 
N  y x  x  2xy x  1 2
 2 r  r  dr er
1 I.F = e = 2
 dx r
 I.F = e x
=x
k=1 12. Ans: (a)
Multiplying the given Differential Equation Sol: Given x dy + y dx – x4y5dy = 0 ….(1)
by the integrating factor, we get  (x dy + y dx) – (x4y4) . y dy = 0
4 2 2 3 2
(5x +3x y+2xy )dx +(x +2x y)dy = 0
which is exact
xdy  ydx x 4 y 5 0 d  xy  y y


( xy) 4

( xy) 4
dy 
( xy) 4
  xy
  tan  
x
d   + lnc
x
1   y 
 d( xy)  ydy  0  ln(xy) = ln sec  + lnc
( xy) 4   x 
1   y 
 d ( xy)   ydy  c  ln(xy) = ln  c sec   
( xy) 4   x 
1 y2 y
   c is a G.S of (1)  xy = c sec  
 3( xy) 3 2 x
y
 xy cos   = c is a required solution of (1)
13. Ans: (b) x
x dy  y 
Sol: Given that   2  1 dx
x y
2 2

x y
2
 15. Ans: (d)
x dy  y dx dy y
  dx Sol: Given   log x with y(1) = 1
x 2  y2 dx x
1
 x dx
 y I.F = e =x
  d  tan 1       dx  c
 x The solution is
 y xy =  log x. x dx
 tan 1     x  c
x  x2  x2
 xy = log x.    c
 y = x tan (c – x) is general solution  2  4
5
y(1) = 1  c=
14. Ans: (c) 4
Sol: Given differential equation is The solution is
y y x x 5
x  y dx  x dy  cos    y  x dy – y dx  sin   y= log x  
x x 2 4 4x
y y
 x d(xy) cos   = y(x dy – y dx) sin   16. Ans: (a)
x x
dy
y y Sol: Given x 2  3x 2  2xy  1 ....... (1)
 d(xy) =   (x dy – y dx) tan   dx
x x
dy
Dividing both sides by ‘xy’, we get  x2  2xy  3x 2  1
dx
dxy   x dy  y dx   y 
  tan   dy 2 3x 2  1
xy  x2  x   y
dx x x2

2
 x dx Using (2) and (3), (1) becomes
I.F. = e = x2
1 dt t
   5x 2
4 dx 2x
The solution is
dt t
  2  20x 2
 3x 2  1  2 dx x
y.x 2    2
.x dx  c
 x  2
 x dx
I.F = e = x2
1 C
y=x+  is a G.S of (1) The solution is
x x2
t.x2 =  –20x2 .x2 dx + c
17. Ans: (c) x2 x5
  20 c
 dy  y4 5
Sol: Given that (x + 2y3)    y
 dx   x2 + (4x5 + c)y4 = 0 is a general solution
 y dx – x dy = 2y3 dy
19. Ans: (b)
y dx  x dy
  2 y dy dy
y2 Sol: Given tan y  tan x  cos y cos 2 x
dx
x dy
 d   2 y dy sec y tan y  sec y tan x  cos 2 x ...... (1)
y dx
x Put sec y = v ......... (2)
  d    2 y dy + c
y dy dv
 sec y tan y  .......... (3)
dx dx
x y2
  2 c Using (2) and (3), (1) becomes
y 2
dv
 x = cy + y3 is a general solution  tan x v  cos 2 x
dx
I.F = etan x dx = sec x
18. Ans: (d)
The solution is
Sol: Given that 2xy1 = (10x3y5 + y)
v. sec x =  cos2 x .sec x dx + c
dy y
   5x 2 y 5  sec y = cos x(sin x + c) is a G.S
dx 2x
1 dy y 4 20. Ans: (a)
   5x 2 ........ (1)
y 5 dx 2 x Sol: Given f(D)y = 0 ……….(1)
Put y–4 = t ............. (2) where f(D) = D2 + 2D – 5
dy dt The auxiliary equation (A.E) is f(m) = 0
 – 4 y–5  ............ (3)
dx dx  m2 + 2m – 5 = 0

 m  1  6  a  b Consider f(m) = 0
 The G.S of (1) is y = yc  m2 + 4 m + 4 = 0
 m = – 2, – 2
i.e. y = C1 e 1 6 x  C 2 e 1 6 x
21. Ans: (d)  The G.S of (1) is y = (c1 + c2x)e–2x
Sol: Given f(D) y = 0 …………(1)  y = c1 e–2x + c2 xe–2x …………(4)
where f(D) = D3 – 4D2 + 5D – 2  y1 = 2c1 e–2x + c2 (–2x) e–2x + c2e–2x ….(5)
Consider A.E, f(m) = 0 Using (2), (4) becomes
 m3 – 4m2 + 5 m – 2 = 0 1 = c1 + 0 (or) c1 = 1 ………… (6)
 m = 1, 1, 2 1 = – 2 + 0 + c2 (or) c2 = 3 ……….(7)
 The G.S of (1) is Using (6) & (7), (4) becomes
i.e. y = C1 e2x + (C2 + C3 x)ex y = y(x) = e–2x + 3xe–2x
 y = y(1) = e–2 + 3e–2 = 4e–2 = 0.541
22. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given f(D)y= 0 ……… (1) 25. Ans: –1
2
where f(D) = D – 2D + 5 Sol: Given f (D)y = 0 where = D2 + 9___ (1)
Consider f(m) = 0 with y(0) = 0 _______ (2)
2
 m – 2m + 5 = 0 
and y   2 _______ (3)
 m = 1  2i 2
 The G.S of (1) is Consider A.E, f(m) = 0
y = ex [C1 cos (2x) + C2 sin(x)]  m2 + 9 = 0
 m = 0 ± 3i = a ± ib
23. Ans: (c)
∴ The general solution of (1) is
Sol: The given equation is (D2 – 2D + 5 )2 y = 0
The auxiliary equation is(D2 – 2D + 5 )2 = 0 y = [C1cos(3x) + C2 sin (3x)].eox ........ (4)
Using (2), (4) be comes
 D = 1  2i, 1 2i
0 = C1 _____ (5)
The solution is
Using (3) and (5), (4) becomes
y = ex [(C1 + C2 x) cos 2x
+ (C3 + C4 x) sin 2x]  3 
2  0  C 2 .sin  
 2 
24. Ans: 0.541  C2   2 ______ (6)
Sol: Given f(D) y = 0 ………….(1), Using (5) & (6), (4) becomes
2
where f(D) = D + 4D + 4
y = y (x) =  2 .sin (3x)
with y(0) = 1 ………..(2)
& y1 (0) = 1 ………….(3)
  3  Here, f(D) = f(a) = f(4) = (4)2 –7(4) + 9 = –3

∴ y  y    2 .sin    1
4  4  1 1 4x
∴ yp  Q x   e
f a  3
26. Ans: (b)
Hence, the general solution of (1) is
Sol: If e- x (C1 cos 3x + C2 sin 3x ) + C3 e2x
y = yc + yp
is the general solution then the roots of the
= e 2 C1 cosh  13  x  C 2 sinh  13  x   1 e 4 x
7x
auxiliary equation are –1  i 3 , 2.    

  2   2    3
The corresponding differential equation is
(D – 2) [D – (–1 + i 3 ] [D – (–1 – i 3 ]y = 0 29. Ans: (a)
 (D3 – 8)y = 0 Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x)
d3y where f(D) = D3 – 11D2 + 11D – 1
 8 y  0
dx 3 & Q (x) = 24 = 24.eox + 0 = keax+b
 a=0
27. Ans: (b)
Here, f(D) = f(a) = f(0) = –1 ≠ 0
Sol: The roots of the auxiliary equation are
1 1
1,  2i. ∴ yp  Q x   24
f a  1
The differential equation is
(D –1) (D + 2i) (D – 2i) y = 0
30. Ans: (a)
 y111 – y11 + 4y1 – 4y = 0
x
 1  2
Sol: P.I =  2 e
28. Ans: (a)  4D  4D  1 
x
Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x) _____ (1)  1  2
= x. e
where f(D) = D2 – 7D + 9 & Q (x) = e4x  8D  4 
CF: Consider f(m) = 0 (By Case of failure formula)
2
 m – 7m + 9 = 0 x2 2
x
1
= e (Replacing D with )
7  13 8 2
 m
2
31. Ans: (d)
∴ The Complementary function is
1
Sol: Particular Integral (P.I) = cosh 3x
7x
  13   13   D 1
2
y c  e 2 C1 cosh  x  C 2 sinh  

2   2  x 1  e 3 x  e 3 x  1  e3x e 3 x 
      =   =  2  2 
4x
PI: Q(x) = e = ke ax + b D 2  1  2  2  D  1 D  1
a=4
1  e 3x e 3 x   y = ex + C1 x + C2
=  
2  10 10 
32. Ans: (d) 34. Ans: (c)
2
d y Sol: The auxiliary equation is D2 + 1 = 0
Sol: The given equation is 2
 ex
dx D=i
dy Complementary function (C.F)
  e x  C1
dx
= C1 cos x + C2 sin x
 y = ex + C1x + C2 ........... (i) 1
 y(0) = 1 P.I = sin x
D 1
2
 C2 = 0 1 x
1 = x. sin x = cos x
 y (0) = 2 2D 2
 C1 = 1 The solution is
Substituting the values of C1 & C2 in (i), x
x
y = C1 cos x + C2 sin x  cos x ...... (i)
we get y = e + x 2

y   0  C2 = 0
33. Ans: (a) 2
Sol: For the solution y = C1 cos x + C2 sin x the y(0) = 1  C1 = 1
corresponding roots of the auxiliary
substituting the values of C1 & C2 in (i),
equation are D =  i . x
The auxiliary equation is (D + i) (D – i) = 0 we get y = cos x – cos x
2
 (D2 + 1) = 0
d2y 35. Ans: (b)
The differential equation is y0
dx 2 Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x) _______ (1)
Comparing above equation with the given where f(D) = D + 1 = D.D2 + 1 =  (D2)
3
d2y dy & Q (x) = cos (2x) = k. cos(ax + b)

equation P  Q y  0 , we have
2
d x dx  a=2
P = 0 and Q = 1 Here, f(D) = (D2) = (–a2) = (–4)
2
= 1 – 4D ≠ 0
Now, the equation d 2 y  P dy  Q  1 y  e x
d x dx 1
Now, yp  Q x 
2
d y  a 2 
becomes 2
 ex
d x 1
 yp  cos2x 
dy 1  4D
  e x  C1
dx

1 1  4D Collect the terms upto D2 and operate.

 yp   cos2x 
1  4 D 1  4D 1  D 2 4D 16D 2 
 yP  1     ( 2 t  3t )
2
1  4D
 yp  cos2x  3 3 3 9 
1  16D 2
1  4D  1 
1 4 13 
 1  D  D 2  2t  3t 2  
 yp   cos2x  3 3 9 
1 1  16D 2

1 4 13 
 1   2 t  3t 2  (2  6t )  (6)
 y p  1  4D  cos2 x  3 3 9 
1  16 4  
1 8 
1

 3t 2  6 t  6 
∴ y p  cos2x   sin(2x) is a general 3
65 65  yp = – t2 – 2t – 2
solution of (1)
38. Ans: (c)
36. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x)……(1)
 1  5 4 –1 5
Sol: P.I =  4  x = (1 + D ) x where f(D) = D2 + 4D + 10
 D 1
4 8 5
& Q(x) = e–2x cos(4x) = ecx . V(x)
= (1 – D + D – .........)x
= x – D x = x5 – 120x
5 4 4 Now, y P 
1
f ( D)
e 2 x . cos(4x ) 
37. Ans: (a)  1 
 y P  e 2 x  cos(4x )
Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(t)……..(1)  f (D  2) 
where f(D) = D2 – 4D + 3 & Q(t) = 2t – 3t2  1 
 y P  e 2 x  cos(4x )
 (D  2)  4(D  2)  10
2
1 
Now, y P  Q( t )
f ( D)  1 
 y P  e 2 x  2 cos(4x )
D  6
D  4D  3 2t  3t 
1 
 yp  2
2
 1 
 y P  e 2 x  cos(4 x )
1   16  6 
 yP  (2 t  3t 2 )
  D  4D   2
 1 
31     YP  e  2 x  cos(4x )
  3    10 
1
1   D 2 4D  
 y P  1     (2t  3t 2 ) 39. Ans: (a)
3  3 3 
Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x) …………(1)
1 D  2
4D   D
2
4D  2
where f(D) = D2 + 4D + 4
 y P  1         ...... (2 t  3t 2 )
3  3

3   3 3   & Q(x) = x4 e–2x = e–2x .x4 = ex . V(x)

Now, y P 
1
f D 

e 2 x x 4  41. Ans: (b)
Sol: The given equation is
 1   d 2 y   dy  e2x
 y P  e 2 x  x4   2   4   4 y 
 f D  2    dx   dx  x
 1  The auxiliary equation is
 y P  e 2 x  x4 
 D  2   4D  2   4  (D –2)2 = 0  D = 2, 2
2
 yP  e 2 x  
1 x 4  C.F = (C1 + C2x)e2x
 D2  = C1e2x + C2 xe2x
 
= C1 y1 + C2y2
x6
 y P  e 2 x . where, C1 = e2x & C2= xe2x
30
P.I = A.y1 + B.y2 ............ (i)
40. Ans: (c) Py 2
where, A =   dx
Sol: Given f(D)y = Q(x) ……… (1) W
where f(D) = D2 + 1 where, W = y1.y2 – y2.y1 = e4x

& Q(x) = x. sin(3x) = x. V(x) e2x x e2x
A=  . 4 x dx = – x
1 x e
Now, y P  x.sin 3x 
f D  Py e2x e2x
B=  W1 dx =  x . e 4 x dx = log x
 1   f 1 D  
 y P  x. sin 3x    sin 3x  Substituting the values of A & B in (i)
 f D    f D 
2

P.I = –xe2x + xe2x log x
 1   2D  The solution is
 y P  x. 2 sin 3x    sin 3x 
D 1   1  D 2 2
  y = (C1 + C2x + xlogx – x) e2x
 1   2D  1 
 y P  x. sin 3x    sin 3x   42. Ans: (b)
  9  1   1 
 1 D
2 2
 


y+ 2y +y = e-x log x
 1   2D  1 
 y P  x. sin 3x     sin 3x 
8   1  1  9  The auxiliary equation is
2

(D + 1)2 = 0  D = –1, –1
x 6 
 yP  sin 3x    cos3x  C.F = (C1 + C2x)e–x
8  64 
= C1e–x + C2 xe–x
x 3
 yP  sin 3x   cos3x  = C1 y1 + C2y2
8 32
where, C1 = e–x & C2 = xe–x
P.I = A.y1 + B.y2 ............ (i)
Py 2 d
where, A =   dx where D 
W dx
where, W = y1.y2 – y2.y1 = e–2x Let x = ez (or) logx = z
2
e  x log x. xe  x & xD = , x2 D2 =  ( – 1)
A=  dx
e 2 x d
where  
x2 dz
A= 1  2 log x  Using equation (2), (1) becomes
4
Py e  x log x. e  x [(–1) +  – 1] y = 0
Now, B =  W1 dx =  e 2 x dx  [2 –  +  –1] y = 0
 B = x (logx – 1)  (2 – 1) y = 0
43. Ans: (c)  f() y = 0 ………. (3)
Sol: The given equation is where f() = 2 – 1

x2y11 + 6xy1 + 6y = x Consider A.E, f(m) = 0
d  m2 – 1, –1
Let x = et and D1 =
dt
 m = 1, –1
The given equation becomes
 yc = c1 ez + c2 e–z
D1(D1 – 1) y + 6D1y + 6y = et
 ( D12 + 5D1 + 6)y = et 1
 y c  c1 x  c 2
x
The auxiliary equation is D12 + 5D1 + 6 = 0
 The general solution of (1) is
 D1 = –2, –3
1
C.F = C1 e –2t + C2 e–3t y  y c  c1 x  c 2
x
1 t et
P.I = e =

D12  5D1  6 12  45.
The solution is Sol: The given equation is
–2t –3t et z = ax + by + a2 + b2 ....... (i)
y = C1 e + C2 e +
12 z
  p  a ........ (ii)
C1 C 2 x x
 y  
x 2 x 3 12 z
and  q  b ........ (iii)
y
44. Ans: (c) substituting the values of a & b from (ii) &
2 2
Sol: Given x D + xD – y = 0 ………..(1) (iii) in (i), we get
z = px + qy + p2 + q2
46. p – y = 1(x2 + y2).2x ........ (2)

Sol: The given équation is Differentiating (2) partially with respect to y
z  xy  y x 2  a 2  b 2 q – x = 1(x2 + y2).2y ........ (3)
2x Dividing (2) by (3)
 p=y+ y ...... (i)
2 x 2  a 2  b2 py x

and q = x + x 2  a 2  b2 qx y
 qx – py = x2 – y2
(or) x 2  a 2  b 2 = q – x ............ (ii)
From (i) & (ii), we get
49. Ans: (a)
xy
p=y+  2u  2u
qx Sol: The given equation is   f x , y 
x 2 y 2
 px + qy = pq is the required partial
The general form of 2nd order linear partial
differential equation.
differential equation is given by
47.  2u  2u  2u
A  B  C
Sol: The given equation is x 2 xy y 2
1   u u 
z = y2 + 2f   log y   f  x, y, z ,   0 ...........(1)
x   x y 
1   1  Equation (1) is said to be
 p = 2f1   log y  .   2  ............ (i)
x   x  (i) Parabolic if B2  4AC = 0
1  1 (ii) Elliptic if B2  4AC < 0
and q = 2y + 2f1   log y  .  
x  y (iii) Hyperbolic if B2  4AC > 0
1  1 Here, A = 1, B = 0 & C = 1
 q – 2y = 2f1   log y  .   .........(ii)
x  y B2 – 4AC = –4 < 0
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get  The given differntial equation is Elliptic
p y
 2 50.
q  2y x
 px2 + qy = 2y2
p – q = log(x + y)
48.  The auxiliary equations are
Sol: The given equation can be written as dx dy dz
 
2 2
z – xy = (x + y ) ............. (1) 1  1 logx  y 
Differentiating (1) partially with respect to x
dx dy 52.
Consider 
1 1 Sol: The given equation is
x+y=C q = 3p2 (Type-I)
dx dz Let the solution be
Consider 
1 logx  y  z = ax + by + c ......... (1)
1  p = a and q = b
 dx = dz
log C
Substituting in the equation Type-I, we have
z b = 3a2 ...........(2)
x=  C1
log C
Eliminating b from (1) & (2)
z The solution is z = ax + 3a2y + c
x–  C1
log x  y
 The solution is 53.

 z  Sol: Given p2 z2 + q2 = 1 ………..(1)
 x  y, x  0
 logx  y   where p 
z
, q
z
x y
51. Let q = ap ……… (2)
Sol: The auxiliary equations are p2 z2 + a2 p2 = 1
dx dy dz  p2 (z2 + a2) = 1
  ............ (i)
zy xz yx 1
p
Using the multipliers 1, 1, 1 each of the a 2  z2
dx  dy  dz a
fractions in (i) =  q  ap  
0 a 2  z2
 dx+ dy + dz = 0
 x + y + z = C1 ......... (ii) Consider dz = p dx + q dy
Using the multipliers x, y, z each of the 1 a
 dz  dx  dy
fractions in (i) a 2  z2 a 2  z2
x dx  y dy  z dz
=   a 2  z 2 dz    dx   a dy  c
0
z 2 a2
 x dx+ y dy + z dz = 0  a  z 2  sinh 1 z / a   x  ay   c
2 2
 x2 + y2 + z2 = C2 ........ (iii)
is a required solution.
 The solution is
f(x + y + z, x2 + y2 + z2) = 0
54. k
y
 X = C1 ekx and Y = C 2 e 4
p2 + q2 = x + y (Type-III) Now, the solution is,
k
 p2 – x = y – q2 = a (say) u = C1C2 e kx
e 4
y
p= ax and q = ya k

y
u = C3 ekx e 4 ......... (ii)
Consider dz = p dx + q dy
Given u 0, y   8e 3 y
 dz = a  x dx + y  a dy k
y
 8e–3y = u(0,y) = C3 e 4
Intégrating,
 C3= 8, k = –12
2 2
z   a  x    y  a   b
3/ 2 3/ 2
 u = 8 e–12x–3y
3
  3
 
57.
55.
u u
Sol: The given equation can be written as Sol: The given equation is 3 2  0 ..(1)
x y
1
z = px + qy + (Type-IV) Let u = X(x).Y(y)
pq
u u
The solution is Then = X1Y and = XY1
x y
1
z  ax  by  for p = a & q = b Substituting in equation (1), we get
a  b 
3X1Y + 2XY1 = 0
56.
3X  2Y
Sol: The given équation is   k
X Y
u u
 4 ............. (i)
x y 3X  2Y
  k and k
Let u = X(x).Y(y) X Y
u u
= X1Y and = XY1 k
x
k
y
x y  X = C1 e 3 and Y = C 2 e 2
Substituting in equation (i)

Now, the solution is,
X1Y = 4XY1
X 4Y k k
 k u = C1 e 3
x
C2 e 2
y
X Y
X 4Y
 k and k k
x
k
 y
X Y u = C3 e 3
e 2

Given that u(x,0) = 4e–x X T

 k
k
x X T
 4e–x = C3 e 3
X k T
 C3 = 4 and k = –3  and k
X  T
1
  2 x 3 y 
 u = 4e 2
is a solution of (1)  T = C1 ekt
k k
x x
 
58. Ans: (b) X = C2 e + C3 e
Sol: The one dimensional heat equation is The solution is
u  u 2
    k

 C2 2 

k
x
  x

t x u = C1e C 2 e    

kt 
 C3e
nd  
The general form of 2 order linear partial  
differential equation is given by
 2u  2u  2u 60. Ans: (d)
A 2 B C 2
x xy y Sol: The equation given in option (d) represents
 u u  one dimensional wave equation.
 f  x, y, z ,   0 ...........(1)
 x y 
61. Ans: (d)
Equation (1) is said to be
 2u  2u
(i) Parabolic if B2  4AC = 0 Sol: Given  25
x 2 t 2
(ii) Elliptic if B2  4AC < 0
 2u 1  2u
(iii) Hyperbolic if B2  4AC > 0 (or)  ................. (1)
t 2 25 x 2
Here, A = C2, B = 0, C = 0
with u(0) = 3x ................. (2)
B2 – 4AC = 0
u 0
 The equation is parabolic and = 3 ................. (3)
t
If the given one dimensional wave equation
59. Ans: (b)
 2u 2 u
2
u  2u is of the form  c , – <x < ,
Sol: The given equation is  2 t 2 x 2
t x
t > 0 and c > 0, satisfying the conditions
Let u = X(x).T(t)
u x , 0
 2u u u(x, 0) = f(x) and  gx  , where
= X11T and = XT1 t
x 2
t
f(x) & g(x) are given functions representing
Substituting in equation (i)
the initial displacement and initial velocity,
X11T =  XT1

respectively then its general solution is 

 nx   nct 
u ( x, t )   a n sin  . cos 
given by n 1      
x  ct 
u(x, t) = 1 f x  ct   f x  ct   1  gs  ds  u x, t    a n sin nx . cosnt  ……(4)
2 2c x ct n 1
Comparing the given problem with above (∵ c = 1, l = )

general problem, we have 
 u x,0   a n sin nx  for t = 0
1 n 1
c = , f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 3
5 
 2 sin x    a n sin nx 
Now, n 1
1
(∵ u(x, 0) = 2 sinx)
1
u(1, 1) = 1 f 1  1   f 1  1   1 5
 
2 
 
5 

5  1  3 ds
2  1
1
 2sin(x) = a1 .sinx + a2 sin(2x) + ………
5 5
 a1 = 2, a2 = 0. a3 = 0 ……….(5)
6
1   4   6  5
3   3   3 s  4 Using (5), (4) becomes
5
 u(1, 1) =
2   5   5  2 5 u(x, t) = a1.sin(x) cos(t) + a2 .sin(2x) .cos(2t)
1 3  15  6 4   u(x, t) = 2.sin(x) cos(t) + 0 + ….
 u(1, 1) =   4  6    
2 5  2 5 5  g(t).sin(x) = 2 sin(x).cos(t)
15 2  g(t) = 2.cos(t)
 u(1, 1) = 3   
2 5  g(/3) = 2.cos(/3) = 1
 u(1, 1) = 6
63. Ans: (b)
62. Ans: (a) Sol: Given u tt  2 2 u xx  (1) ( ∵ utt = c2uxx)
Sol: Given utt = uxx ……..(1) (∵ utt = c2 uxx) with B.C’s
with B.C’s u 0, t   0   u 0, t   0
  2  u , t   0
u(0, t)  0   u 0, t   0 u , t   0  
 ...... (2)  u , t   0
u , t   0    and I.C’s
and I.C’s u x , 0   0   u x , 0   0 

u x, 0   2 sin x    ........(3)  u 
 u x , 0  f x  u x , 0  2 sin x   x , 0   g x 
  u  t   t 
  .......(3)
u x , 0   0   x, 0  0  The solution of (1) is given by
t  t  
 nx   nct 
Now, the solution of the wave equation is u x, y    b n . sin  . sin    (4)
n 1      
given by

 
 u x, t    b n sin nx . sin n 2t  a
2
 u(x, t) = n . sin(nx ) e 2 n t
for   
n 1 n 1

(∵ l = ,C = 2)  u ( x, 0)   a n . sin(nx ) (for t = 0)
n 1
 
 u x , t    b n sin nx . cos2nt .2n
t n 1
 sin(x) + 2 sin(4x)
= a1sinx+a2sin(2x)+a3sin(3x)+a4sin(4x)+…..
 
 u x,0   b n sin nx .2n for t = 0  a1 = 1, a2 = 0, a3 = 0, a4 = 2, a5 = 0, ….
t n 1
 sin(x) = b1sin(x). 2 + b2. 2(2). sin(2x) …… The solution of (1) from (4), using (2) & (3)
u(x, t) = a1 sin(x). e–2t + a4sin(4x) e 24  t
2
 2b1 = 1
1 Hence,
 b1 =
2 
u(/2, log 5) = 1. sin( ). e–2log 5
 u(x, t) = b1.sin(x) . sin(2t) + 0 + 0……. 2
1  –32
 sin x . sin 2t  : + 2. sin(4.
2
). e log 5
2
= 5–2= 0.04
    1     2 
Hence, u  ,   sin  . sin  
3 6 2 3  6 
65. Ans: (d)
1 3 3 3 Sol: Given ut = c2 uxx……………(1)
 . . 
2 2 2 8
with B.C's
u (0, t )  0 
64. Ans: (c) ..............(2)
u (, t )  0
Sol: Given ut =  2 u 2
xx ………………..(1)
& I. C u(x, 0) = sinx = f(x) …..(3)
(∵ut = c2 uxx)
with B.C's Now, the solution of (1) is given by

u(0, t)  0   u 0, t   0   n 2  2c 2 
 ...... (2)   
nx  t
u , t   0   u , t   0

u(x, t) =  a n sin
2 
e ……(4)
n 1 
and I.C
u(x, 0) = sin(x)+2 sin (4x)…..(3) 2  nx
where a n  
 0
f ( x ) sin

dx ….…(5)
(∵u(x, 0) = f(x))
The solution of (1) is put t = 0 in (4), we get

2
 nc 

 nx    t 
 nx 
u(x, t) =  a n . sin  . e
 
…..(4) u(x, 0) = a sin  
n 1    n 1
n
  

 nx  Now,
 sin(x) = a n sin 
  
 
n 1 2  nx   nx 
=a1sin(x) + a2 sin(2x) +
bn   sin  . sin 
 nm  0      
 dx
. sinh  
 sin(x) = a1sinx + ...... (  =, n = 1)   
a1 = 1, a2 = 0…. a3= 0 ….
2nx
From (4), the solution of (1) with (2) & (3)  1  cos
2  dx
is

nm  2
. sinh 0
2 
u(x, t) = a1 sin(x). e  c t
2 
u(x, t) = sin(x). e  c t   2nx  
 sin  
2 x 1   
   
66. Ans: (a)  nm   2 2 2n 
. sinh   
Sol: Given uxx+ uyy = 0 …..(1)     0
with B.C's
1
u (0, y)  0  =   0  0  0
 0ym  nm 
u (, y )  0  . sin h  
  
u ( x,0)  0 
 1 1
nx  0x  bn   for m = a
u ( x, a )  sin  nm  sinh na
  sinh  
   
The solution of (1) is given by
y
u(x, m) = g(x) The solution of (1) is
y=m 
1  nx  ny
u(x, y)   . sin  . sinh
n 1  na     
u(0, y) = 0 u(  .y) = 0 sinh  
  
y=0 x
u(x, 0)=0 67. Ans: (a)
x=0 x= 
Sol: Given u xx  u yy  0  (1)

 nx   ny 
u(x, y) =  b n . sin  . sinh   u(0, y) = 0  (2) y>0
n 1      
u (l, y) = 0  (3) y>0
where
u(x, 0) = f(x) = u0  (4) 0<xl

2  nx  u(x, ) = 0  (5)
bn  
 nm  0
g( x ). sin 
  
 dx 0<x<l
 sinh  
  
  2 n 1y 
2. sin  2n  1x  . e 

y 
2u 0 
u x , y     

n 1 2n  1
u(x, ) =0   
y=m=
68. Ans: (c)
u(0, y) = 0 u(  , y) = 0
2, when 0  t  1
Sol: Given f(t)  
y=0 x 2t , when t 1
u(x, y) = f(x)

x=0 x= 
L {f ( t )}   e st . f ( t ) dt
0
The G.S of (1) satisfying above all boundary
1 
conditions is   e st . 2 dt   e st . 2 t dt

0 1
 ny 

 nx   
u x, y    b n sin  .e   
 (6)  e st 
1
  e st   e st  

n 1     2   2  t.  s   1 s 2  

  s 0      1
2  nx 
where b n   f x . sin  dx  e s 1   e s e s 
0    2    2  2 
 s s  s s 

2  nx 
Now, b n   u 0 . sin  dx  e s 1  2  e s 
0     2  2    1  
s s s  s 

  nx  
  cos 
2u 0    69. Ans: (d)
 bn   
  n  Sol: L (1+ t e–t)2
  
0
= L (1+2t e–t + t2 e–2t)
2u 0
 bn  1  cosn 1
 
2

2
n s (s  1) 2
(s  2) 3
 bn 
2u 0
n

1   1
n
  (7) (By first shifting property)
Using (7) (i.e. the value of bn in (6), 70. Ans: (b)

the required solution is), the equation (6) s
Sol: L(cos t ) 
becomes s 12
 nx  2y  
 

2u 0
u x , y    1   1 . sin   By first shifting property
n
.e
n 1 n
  
 
(s  1) s 1
(or) L (e  t cos t )   2
(s  1)  1 s  2s  2
2

By multiplication by tn property 73. Ans: (b)
d  s 1  s
L(t e–t cost) = (–1) Sol: L(cos t) =
  s 1
2
ds  s 2  2s  2 
s 2  2s By fist shifting property
=
s 2
 2s  2 
2
s  1
L(e–t. cos t) =
s  12  1
71. Ans: (a)
1 1 By integral property
Sol: L(1 – et) = 
s s 1
1  s 1 
 L   e t cos dt  =  2
t
By division property
 0  s  s  2s  2 
 1  et   1 1 
L       ds
 t  s
 s s 1 74. Ans: (d)
= log s  log s  1s t , 0  t  1

Sol: f(t) = 
 0, 1  t  2
  s 
= log    f(t) is periodic function with period 2
  s  1  s
1
f t  dt
2
e
st
 s   s 1 L{f(t)} =
= 0 – log   = log   1  e 2s 0
 s 1   s 
1 1
 t. e
st
= dt
72. Ans: (c) 1  e 2s 0
1
Sol: L(sin t) = 1   e st   e st 
1
s 1
2
=  t.   1 2 
1  e 2s   s   s  0
 sin t   1
L
 t 
 = 
s s 1
2
ds
1  e s   e  s  1

= tan 1

ss
 =
1  e 2s

  s
   2
 s
  2 
 s 

=  tan 1 s
2 1  e s  s e s
=
= cot–1 s 
s 2 1  e  2s 
1
L{f (t)} = s. L{f(t)} – f(0)
 sin t 
 L{f1(t)} = s.L   f 0
 t 
L{f1(t)} = s cot–1 s – f(0) = cot–1 s – 1
75. Ans: (c)  1 1 1 

 f(t) = L1   2 
1  s s s  1
Sol: L{et} =
s 1
et u(t – 3) = [et– 3. u(t – 3)]e3 = –1 + t + e–t
By second shifting property 78. Ans: (c)

t 3 t– 3
L[e .u(t –3)] = e . L[e . u(t – 3)] 1
Sol: L1  2   t
e  e 3s 3 3s
s 
= e3.   =
 s 1 s 1 By first shifting property
 1 
76. Ans: (a) L1  2 
 e 2 t .t
 s  2  
1
Sol: L (sin t) = By second shifting property
s 1
2
 e 4s 
 e 2 t  4  .u t  4

L ( t sin t) =  e st
t sin t  dt L1  2 
0
 s  2 
d  1   st
  e t sin t  dt
ds  s 2  1  0
 (–1). 
79. Ans: (d)
2s   1   1 1
   e st t sin t  dt Sol: L1   = L1    = et – 1
s 2
 1
2 0
 ss  1  s 1 s 
Put s = 3
80. Ans: (b)
23 
 
st
  e t sin t dt
3 2
1
2 0 
Sol: L1 
s 
2 
 s   1 
= L1  2  2 
 3 
 s  4 
2
  s  4   s  4 
  0
e st t. sin t dt 
50
 s 
L1  2   cos 2t and
77. Ans: (a) s 4
 1   1  sin 2t
Sol: f(t) = L1  2 L1  2 
 s 4
 s s  1 
2
By convolution theorem,
1 A B C
  2
s s  1 s s
2
s 1  s   1  t sin 2t  x 
L1  2 .  2   0 cos 2x. dx
 s  4   s  4  2
 1 = A (s+1) + B(s+1) + cs2
C = 1, B = 1, A = –1

1   cos 2t  4x   
t
= t sin 2t      83. Ans: (d)

4   4 0
Sol: Given y1(t) +5 y(t) = u(t)……………..(1)
t sin 2t with y (0) = 1 ……………………(2)
= Applying L. T on both sides of (1), we get
4
L {y1 (t)+5 y(t)} = L {u(t)}
1
81. Ans: (a)  L{y1(t)}+ 5 L{y(t)}=
s
 3s  1 
Sol: L1  1
 
 s  1 s  1 
2
  [s.y(s)  y(0)]  5.y(s) 
s
3s  1 A Bs  C 1
  2
 
s  1 s  1 s  1 s  1
2  (s  5) y(s)  1 
s
3s + 1 = A(s2 + 1) + (Bs + C) (s – 1) 1 s 1
 s  5 y s  1  
s = 1  4 = 2A s 5
A=2 s 1
 y (s) 
A + B = 0  B = –2 s.(s  5)
3 = –B + C  C = 1 1 1 4 1
 y (s)  . 
5 s 5 s5
 L1  3s  1   L1  2  2 s  1 
 s  1 s  1
s 1  Applying inverse Laplace transform on both
 s  1 s  1 
2 2 2

= 2 et – 2 cos t + sin t sides of above, we get

1 1  4  1 
L1{y(s)}  L1    L1  
82. Ans: (b) 5 s  5 s  5 
 1  1 4
Sol: L1   y(t)   e 5 t is a solution of (1)
2 
 s  1s  2 
5 5
1 A B C
  
s  1s  2 s  1 s  2 s  22
2
1 = A(s – 2)2 + B(s–1)(s–2) + C(s–1)

s=1 A=1
A + B = 0  B = –1
s=2C=1
 1   1 1 1 
L1  2
 L1    2
 s  1s  2   s  1 s  2 s  2 
= et – e2t + t e2t

Chapter
5 Complex Variables
Augustin-louis Cauchy
(1789 –1857)
01. Ans: (a) functions.

2 2
Sol: Let u + iv = f(z) = z = (x+iy) 1
Here, is analytic at every point except
2
Then u + iv = f(z) = (x – y ) + i(2xy)2
z 1
 u = x 2 – y2 and v = 2xy at z = 1 because the function
1
is not
 ux = 2x vx = 2y z 1
defined at z = 1.
 uy = – 2y vy = 2x
1
 is not analytic at z = 1
Here ux = vy and vx = –uy at every point and z 1
also u, v, ux, uy, vx, vy are continuous at 1
 is not an entire function
every point. z 1
 f(z) is analytic at every point.
04. Ans: (a)
02. Ans: (a) Sol: Given that z = sin hu.cos v + i coshu. sinv
Sol: Let u + iv = f(z) = z Im (z) = (x + iy) y  z = sinhu.cosh(iv) + coshu.(i sinv)
Then u + iv = f(z) = xy + iy2 ( cosh(ix) = cosx & i sin x = sin h(ix)
2
 u = xy and v=y  z = sinhu. cosh(iv) + coshu.sinh(iv)
 ux = y vx = 0  z = sinh(u+iv)
uy = x vy = 2y ( sinh(A+B) =sinhA coshB+coshA.sinhB)
Here, ux = vy and vx = –uy only at one point  z = sinh(w) ( w = u + iv)
origin. i.e., C.R equations ux = vy and  w = sinh–1(z)
vx = –uy are satisfied only at origin. Further  w = f(z) = sinh–1(z)
u, v, vx, vy, ux, uy are also continuous at 1
 w1 = f1(z) =
origin. 1  z2
 f(z) = z Im(z) is differentiable only at Here, f1(z) is defined for all values of z
origin (0,0).
except at 1  z 2 = 0 (or) 1+z2 = 0 (or)
03. Ans: (d) z = i, –i
Sol: sin(z), cos(z) and polynomial az2 + bz+c are  f1(z) does not exist at z = i, –i
analytic everywhere.  f(z) is not differentiable at z = i, –i
 sin(z), cos(z) and az2+bz+c are an entire f(z) is not analytic at z = i, –i
Augustin-Louis Cauchy was a French mathematician. “More concepts and theorems have been named for
Cauchy than for any other mathematician”. Cauchy was a prolific writer; he wrote approximately eight hundred
research articles and almost single handedly founded complex analysis.
: 69 : Complex Variables
05. Ans: (d)  f1(z) = 2z + c

Sol: Given that v = x3 – 3xy2  f(z) = z2 + cz + k
 vx = 3x2 – 3y2 and vy = -6xy  f(0) = 2
Consider du = ux dx + uy dy k=2
 du = (vy) dx + (–vx) dy  f(i) = 1 + 2i
( ux = vy & vx = – uy)  (i)2 + c(i) + k = 1+ 2i
 du = (–6xy) dx + (–3x2 + 3y2) dy c=2
which is an exact differential form  f(z) = z2 + 2z + 2
2
  du =  (–6xy) dx + (3y ) dy + k  f1(z) = 2z + 2
2 3
 u(x, y) = –3x y + y + k  f1(z) = 2(x+ i y) + 2 = 2(x+ 1) + i(2y)
 Imaginary part of f1(z) = 2y
06. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given u(r, ) = e– cos (log r)
08. Ans: (c)
1 Sol: Given that u = x3 – 3xy2 + 3x2 – 3y2 + 1
 ur = –e– sin (log r). and
r
–
 ux = 3x2 – 3y2 + 6x and uy = –6xy – 6y
u = –e cos(log r)
Consider f1(z) = ux – iuy
 v   v   f1(z) = (3x2 – 3y2 + 6x) –i(–6xy – 6y)
Consider dv =   dr    d
 r    
 f1(z) = (3z2 – 0+ 6z) –i (0 – 0)
 dv = (vr) dr + (v) d
(Replacing 'x' by 'z' and 'y' by '0')
 1 
= u   dr  r u r  d  f1(z) dz =  (3z2 + 6z) dz + c
 r 
z3 z2
 dv = 1 e  cos log r  dr   e  . sin log r  d  f(z) = 3 +2 +c
3 2
r
= z3 + 3z2 + c is a required analytic
1 –
  dv =  e . .cos (log r) dr +  0 d + c function where c = c1 + ic2 is a integral
r
 v(r, ) = e– sin (log r) + c constant & c = 1 + ic2 because given real
part 'u' is containing constant '1'.
07. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given that Re{f1(z)} = 2x + 2, f(0) = 2 and 09. Ans: (c)
f(1) = 1 + 2i Sol: Given u = (x –1)3 – 3xy2 + 3y2
Let f1(z) = u + iv, then u = 2x + 2  ux = 3(x – 1)2 –3y2 and uy = –6xy + 6y

Consider f11(z) = ux + i vx = ux – i uy Consider f1(z) = ux – i uy
=2–i0  f1(z) = 3(x – 1)2 – 3y2 – i (–6xy + 6y)
 f1(z) = 3(z – 1)2 – 0 – i(– 0 + 0)
(Replacing 'x' by 'z' & 'y' by '0') 12. Ans: (a)

1 2
 f (z) dz =  3 (z –1) dz + c, c = c1 + ic2 3
Sol: Given f(z) = and z0 = 1
 f(z) = (z –1)3 + ic2 because the given real 3z  z 2
part does not contain any constant. The given function is analytic at z = 1
 Taylor's series expansion of f(z) is
10. Ans: (a) possible at z = 1
 33  2z 
x
Sol: Given that v = e [y cos y + x sin y] 6z  9
Now, f1(z) = =
x
 vx = e [0 + sin y] + e [y cos y + x siny] x
3z  z 2 2
3z  z 2 2
and vy = ex[–y sin y + cos y + x cos y]

 f11(z) = 3z  z 6  6z  9 23z  z 3  2z 
2 2
1
Consider f (z) = ux – iuy 3z  z 
2 4
 f1(z) = vy + i vx (  ux = vy & vx = – uy)  3 11 18 3

1 x  f1(1) = , f (1) = and f(1) =
 f (z) = e [–y sin y + cos y + x cos y] 4 8 2
+ i ex[siny+ycosy+xsiny] The Taylor's series of f(z) about z = z0 is
1 z z z
  f (z) = ze – e + e +c given by
 f(z) = z ez + c, c = c1 + ic2 is a required f(z) = f(z0) + (z – z0) f1(z0)
analytic function. +
z  z 0 2 f z   ....
0
2!
11. Ans: (b)  f(z) = f(1) + (z – 1) f1(1)
Sol: Let f(z) = ez + sin z and z0 = 
+ z  1 f 1  ....
2
Then Taylor's series expansion of f(z) about 2!

a point z = z0 (or) in power of (z – z0) is
3 3  3 18 1
     z  1  . z  1  ...
2
given by f(z) = a

n (z  z 0 ) n . 
3z  z 2

2  4  8 2!
n 0
where an =
f n 
z 0  13. Ans: 1
n!  z 
Sol: Let f(z) = log  and |z| > 1
Here, the coefficient of (z – z0)n in the 1 z 
Taylor's series expansion of f(z) about z = z0 1
(or) 1
f n  z 0  z
is given by an = .
n!    
 z   1 
f z 0  f  Then f(z) = log   = log 
 a2 = =
2! 2!   1  1 1 
 z1  z   
 z

 
=
e z
 sin z z
=
e
2 2
1
1  1 1 
2
 1  1 1
 f(z) = log1   =  log1   , 1  1        .....
 z  z z z   z   z  
  2 3

 f(z) =    1  1  1   1  1   ........ , 1   n 1 
n  n
1
  z 2z 3z   f(z) =  2       
z  n 0  z  n 0 z 
1
1 
1
n 1 
1
n 1
z (or) f(z) =  2   n
 
n 0 z n 0  z 
1 1 1 1 1
 log (1 - z) =  . 2  . 3  ...... ,
z 2 z 3 z 15. Ans: –1
1 1 1
1 Sol: Given f(z) =  and |z| > 2
z z 1 z  2
Now, |z| > 2
1  |z| > 2 > 1
 The coefficient of is 1
z  |z| > 2 and |z| > 1
2 1
14. Ans: (b)   1 and  1
z z
1
Sol: Given f(z) = in |z| > 2 1 1
z  3z  2
2
Consider f(z) = 
z 1 z  2
(or) |z| > 2 > 1
1 1
1  f(z) = 
 f(z) =  1  2
z  1z  2 z1   z 1  
 z  z
1 1
 f(z) =  in |z| > 2 & |z| > 1 1  1
1
1  2
1
z  2 z  1  f(z) = 1    1  
z  z z  z
1 1 2
 f(z) =  in 1 
 1  2 2
2
 2  1 z 1 1 1
z 1   z 1    1   2  ....  1        ......
 z  z z z z  z   z   z  
1 1 1
and 1  f(z) = (1 – 1) + (1– 2) 2
z z z
1 1
1  2 1  1 1
 f(z) = 1    1   + (1 – 22) +.......
z  z z  z z3
1 2 2
2
 1
 f(z) = 1        .....  The coefficient of = –1
z   z   z  z2


16. Ans: (a) 1  t t

2
 t
1
 f(z) = 1        ..... ,  1
Sol: Given that f(z) = in 0 < |z| < 4 2t   2   2   2
4z  z 2
1 1 1
1 z  f(z) =   t  ...........
 f(z) = in |z| < 4 or 1 2t 4 8
z4  z  4
1 z  1 z  1
2
1
1 1  z
1
z  f(z) =     ....
 f(z) = = 1 in 1 2z  1 4 8 16
 z 4z  4  4
4 z1  
 4
18. Ans: (c)
1  z z 
2
z Sol: The given function f(z) = z2 is analytic at
 f(z) = 1        ..... in 1
4z   4   4   4 every point.
1 
z
n
z  The value of the given integral is
 f(z) =
4z
   in
n 0  4  4
1
independent of the path joining z = 0 and

1 z z=3+i
 f(z) = 4 n 1
z n 1 in 1 3 i
n 0 4 Now, I =  z 0
z 2 dz
3  i 0
3 i
17. Ans: (a)  z3  3

I=   = 
1  3 0 3 3
Sol: Given f(z) = in 0 < |z+1|< 2
z  1z  3 27  27i  9  i 
=
Let z + 1 = t then z = t – 1 and 0 < |t| < 2 3
1 1  26 
Now, f(z) = =  I = 6  i
z  1z  3 t t  2  3 
1
Instead of expanding in 19. Ans: 0
z  1z  3
4z 2  z  5
powers of z + 1 it is enough to expand Sol: Let f(z) =
z4
1
in powers of t in 0 < |t| < 2 Then the singular point of f(z) is given by
t t  2 
z – 4 = 0 (or) z = 4
1 t
f(z) = in 0 < |t| < 2 or  1 Given that C: 9x2 + 4y2 = 36
t t  2  2
9x 2 4 y 2
1 1 1 1  t t
1   1
 f(z) = . = . .1   ,  1 36 36
t  t t 2  2 2
21   x 2 y2
 2   1
2 2 32

21. Ans: (c)

cos z  z 
Sol: Let f(z) = =
z 1 z  z0
z= 2 z= 4
Then the singular point of f(z) is given by
z –1 = 0 (or) z = 1
Here, the singular point z = 1 lies inside the
Here the singular point of the function f(z) given circle C: |z –1| = 2.
2 2
x y
lies outside the ellipse   1.  By Caychy's Integral Formula, we have
4 9
 The given function f(z) has no singular  f z  dz  2i cos z 
C
z 1 = 2i(–1)
inside and on the curve 'C'
= –2i
Hence by Cauch's Integral Theorem, we
have  f z  dz  0 . 22. Ans: (c)
C
1 e z e z
Sol: Let f(z) =  
20. Ans: (a) z 2 e z z 2 z  02
sin 2 z  6 3.sin 2 z Then the singular point of the function f(z)

Sol: Let f(z) = =
z
3
z  3 is given by z2ez = 0 (or) z = 0 ( ez  0 z)
 
 6  Here, the singular point z = 0 of the function
Then the singular point of f(z) is given by f(z) lies inside the circle C: |z| = 1.
(z–)3 = 0 (or) z = .
z=0
z=0 z=1 z=
z  e z
Let f(z) = 
Here the singular z =  lies outside the given z  z 0  z  011
circle C: |z| = 1. Then by Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
2i  d z 
 By Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have
 f z  dz =
C
 e 
1!  dz  z 0
 f z  dz = 0   f z  dz = 2i (–e–z)z=0
C C
  f z  dz = –2i
C

23. Ans: (d)  By Cauchy's Integral formula, we have

e 2z 2i  d 9 2 
Sol: Let f(z) =
z  14  f z  dz =  9 z z 
9!  dz
 
C  z 1
Then the singular point of f(z) is given by 2i
(z+1) = 04 = 0 = 0
9
 z = –1
25. Ans: (d)
ez
Sol: Let f(z) =
z= –1
z=0 z=3
z  2z  32
Then the singular points of f(z) are z = –2 &
z = 3 Of these two singular points z = –2 and
Here, the singular point z = –1 lies inside the z = 3 only z = 3 lies inside the circle
given circle C: |z| = 3. |z –3| = 4.
z  e 2z
Let f(z) = =
z  z 0 n 1
z   131
Then by Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
z= –2 z=3 z=7
2i  d 3 2 z 
C f z  dz =  e 
3!  dz 3  z 1
2i 2 z
  f z  dz =
3!
8e z1  ez 
C  
z   z  2 
8 Let f(z) = =
  f z  dz =   i e 2 z  z 0 n 1 z  311
C 3
Then by Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
24. Ans: 0
2i  d  e z 
z2  z  f z  dz =   
1!  dz  z  2  z 3
Sol: Let f(z) = C
z  110
 z  2e z  e z 1 
Then the singular point of f(z) is z = 1 and = 2i 
 z  22  z3
the singular z = 1 lies inside the circle
|z| = 2.  3  2 e 3  e 3 
= 2i  
z   3  2 
2
z2  z 
Now, f(z) = =
z  z 0 n 1 z  191 8i e 3
=
25
26. Ans: –1.047  1 

Now, f(z) = cos(z2).  
Sol: Let f(z) =
1
=
1  z  2 z  1 
z 9
2
z  3i z  3i 
Then the singular points of f(z) are given by  
 1
= cos z 2  
1 
 z  2 z  1
z2 + 9 = 0 (or) z = 3i, –3i
But only one singular point z = –3i lies  f(z) =
 
cos z 2 cos z 2

 
z2 z 1
inside the given circle C: |z + 3i| = 2
1  By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
z     
= z  3i cos z 2 cos z 2
Consider f(z) =
z  z 0 z   3i   f z  dz =
C

C
z2
dz  
C
z 1
dz
 By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have

= 2i [cos(z2]z=2 – 2i[cos(z2)]z=1
 1 
 f z  dz
C
= 2i 
 z  3i  z 3i
= 2i (1) – 2i (–1)
= 4i
 1 
= 2i 
  3i  3i 
28. Ans: 0

=
3 cos h z  cos h z 
Sol: Let f(z) = =
4z  1
2
 1
= –1.04719 4 z 2  
 4
27. Ans: (d)  cosh z  

 
 4 
Sol: Let f(z) =
cos z 2  =
 i  i
z  2z  1  z   z  
2  2

Then the singular points of f(z) are given by
i
(z –2) (z –1) = 0 Then the singular points of f(z) are z = ,
2
 z = 1 and z = 2 i
.
2
z=i/2
z= 1
z=0 z=1
z=0 z= 2 z=3 z= –i/2
i
Here, the two singular points z = and
Here, the two singular points z = 1 and z = 2 2
lie inside the circle C: |z| = 3 i
z= lie inside the circle |z| = 1.
2
  where 'C' is 16 x2 + 9y2 = 144 (or)

 
Now, f(z) = cos z   1  x 2 y2
 1
4  i    i   32 4 2
  z   z     
 2    2   Let a= i for finding the value of F1(i).
   Then the singular point z = a = i of the
  
 
 f(z) =  cos z  1  5z 2  4z  3
 4  i   i i   function lies inside the ellipse
   z       za
  2   2 2  
 By Cauchy's integral formula, we have

 5z 2  4z  3
+

1
i   i i 
 F(a) = 
C
za
dz
 z    
 2   2 2  
= 2 i (5z2 – 4z + 3)z=a
 cos h z    cos h z    F(a) = 2i (5a2 – 4a + 3)
   
 f(z) =  4i     4i   F1(a) = 2i (10a – 4)
 i    i 
z  2  z   2   F1(i) = 2i (10 i – 4) = –4 (5 + 2i)
  
By Caychy's Integral Formula, we have 30.

z 1
 f z  dz
C
Sol: Given f (z) 
z  1z  3
1 cos h z   1  cos h z   the singular points are z = –1 & z = –3
= 
4i C  i
dz  
  4i  C    i 
 dz
 z = –1 & z = –3 are first order poles.
z  2  z   2 
   If the algebraic function f(z) has a first order
pole at a singular point z = z0 then the
=  1  2i cos z z  i     1  2i cos hz z  i 
 4i   2   4i   2  residue of f(z) is given by
  i        i  Res (f(z): z = z0) = Lt z  z 0  . f (z)
=  cos h     cos h   z z 0
2  2   2    2 
R 1  Re sf (z) : z  1
 i   i  z 1 
= cos h    cos h 
 Lt z  (1).
2 2  2  (z  1)(z  3) 
2 z1

=0 ( cosh(–z) = cosh(z))
 z 1 1
 R 1  Lt  
z1 z  3  2
29. Ans: (b)  
R2 = Res(f(z): z = 3)
5z 2  4z  3
Sol: Given F(a) = 
C
za
dz

 z 1   
= Lt z  3. Here, z = and z =  are simple poles of
z 3
 z  1z  3 2 2
sin z z 
 z 1 1 f(z) = = ,
= Lt 
z 3 z  1
 z cosz  z 
  2
where 1(z) = cos(z)– z sin z
Hence, the sum of the residues of f(z) at its
1 1 
singular points is R1 + R2 =  = 1. R1 = Res(f(z): z = )
2 2 2

 
2 1 2
=   =
31.
=
sin(z) (z)   
Sol: Given f (z)      0
z  3 / 2 z  z 0  2 2
 Singular point is z = 3/2 

R2 = Res(f(z): z =  )
2
3
 z is a 1st order pole
2  
  
2 1 2
(z) =  = =
If the function f (z)  has a 1st order    
z  z 0      0 
 2 2
pole at z = z0 then its residue is given by
Hence, the sum of the residues of the
Res (f(z) : z = z0) = (z0)

 R1 = Res(f(z) : z = z0) = (3/2) function f(z) at given singular points z =
2
= sin(3/2) = –1
 2  2
and z =  is R1 + R2 =   +   =0
2    
32. Ans: 0
sin z 33.
Sol: The singular points of f(z) = are
z. cosz 
sin(z) tan(z)
given by z.cos(z) = 0 Sol: Given f (z)  
z cos(z) z

 z = 0 and z = (2n+1) ,nI  Singular point of f(z) is z = 0
2
tan(z) 1  z 3 2z 5 
 3 Now, f (z)   z    ......
 z = 0 and z =  ,  , .......... z z 3 15 
2 2
  z2 2 4
 z = and z =  are the given  f (z)  1   z  ......
2 2 3 15
singular points of f(z). 1 2
 f (z)  1  (z  0) 2  (z  0) 4  ......
3 15

The above power series of f(z) is a Lanrent

 R1 = Lt
  
z 0  ez  1  ez 
series about z = 0 & z = 0 is a removable z 0  z sin z   cos z   cosz 
singular point. 0 11
 R1 = =1
 Res (f(z): z = 0) = the coefficient 0 11
1
of in Laurent series of f(z) = 0
(z  0) 36. Ans: (c)
1
2
Sol: Let f(z) = z e z
34. Ans: 0.33
Then
z
1 1
Sol: Given f(z) = 3  5 sin 2 z 
z
    1   1  2  1 3  1  4 
         
1 1 1  cos2z   z z z z
f(z) = z 2 1              ....
 f(z) =     1 2! 3! 4! 
z3 z5 2
 
1 1 1 1   
 f(z) =  5   cos2z 
z 3
z 2 2  1 11 1 1
 f(z) = z2 + z +    ......
2! 3! z 4! z 2
1  2z  2z  2z 6  .......
2 4
1 1
f (z)    1     
z 3 2z 5 2 z  2! 4! 6!  1 1 1
 f(z) = (z – 0)2 + (z –0) + 
2 ! 3! z  0
1 1  1 1 24 1 26 
f (z)  3
 5
  5  3
 .  z  ......
z 2z  2z z 2.4! z 2.6!  1 1
+  ........
1 4! z  02
 Res(f(z) : z = 0) = The coefficient of in
z  f(z) has a singular point at z = 0.
24 1 Here, the singular point z = 0 lies inside the
above series =  = 0.333.....
2.4! 3 circle |z| = 1.
R1 = Res(f(z) : z = 0) = The coefficient of
35. Ans: 1 1
in Laurent series
Sol: The given singular point z = 0 is a simple z  0
pole (or) 1st order pole of 1 1
 R1 = Res (f(z) : z = 0) = = .
1 e z
3! 6
f(z) =
z cosz   sin z   By Cauchy's Residue Theorem, we have
Now R1 = Res (f(z) : z = 0) = Lt z  0 f z  1 i
z 0
 f z  dz = 2i(R1) = 2i  6  = 3
1 ez C
 R1 = Lt z  0.
z 0 z cosz   sin z 
0 
 form 
0 
Chapter
6 Numerical Methods
Carl David Tolme Martin Wilhelm
Runge (1856 – 1927) Kutta (1867-1944)
01. Ans: (c) = 0.2576 + 0.6363 –1

3
Sol: f(x) = x – 4x –9 = 0 = –0.1061 < 0
f(2) = –9 < 0, f(3) = 6 > 0
Root lies in (0.6363, 1)
23
Let x1 = = 2.5 is first approximation f x1  x 2  f x 2 .x1
2 x3 =
f x 1   f x 2 
to the root
10.6363   0.10611
 f(x1) = f(2.5) = –3.375 < 0 =
1  0.1061
Now, Root lies in [2.5, 3]
= 0.6711
2.5  3
Let x2 = = 2.75 is second
2 03. Ans: (b)
approximation root. Sol: f(x) = xex – x = 0
f(0) = –2 < 0, f(1) = 2.7183 – 2 > 0
02. Ans: 0.67
Let x0 = 0, x1 = 1
Sol: f(x) = x3 + x –1 = 0
f x1 .x 0  f x 0 .x1
Let x0 = 0.5, x1 = 1 x2 =
f x 1   f x 0 
f(x0) = f(0.5) = –0.375
0.71830   2 .1
f(x1) = f(1) = 1 =
0.7183   2
f x1 .x 0  f x 0 .x1
 x2 = 2
f x 1   f x 0  =
2.7183
is first approximation root = 0.7357
10.5   0.3751 f(x2) = f(0.7357)
=
1   0.375
= 0.7357 .e0.7357 – 2 = –0.4644
0.5  0.375 0.875
= = Take x0 = 0.7357 & x1 = 1
1.375 1.375
f x 2 .x1  f x1 .x 2
= 0.6363  x3 =
f x 2   f x 1 
f(x2) = f(0.6363) 0.9929
= = 0.8395
= (0.6363)3 + (0.6363) – 1 1.1827
C. Runge and M. W. Kutta (German mathematicians) developed an important family of implicit and explicit iterative
methods, which are used in temporal discretization for the approximation of solutions of ordinary differential equations.
In numerical analysis, these techniques are known as Runge–Kutta methods.
04. Ans: (b) 08. Ans: (a)

Sol: f(x) = x4 – x – 10 = 0; f1(x) = 4x3 – 1 1 3 
Sol: xn+1 =  x n  
f(1) = –10 < 0, f(2) = 4 > 0 2 x n 
Let x0 = 2 is initial approximation Let xn+1 = xn = x
f x 0  1 3
 x1 = x0 – x  
f 1 x 0  x=
2 x
4 x2 = 3
= 2 = 1.871
31
09. Ans: (b)
05. Ans: (c)
Sol: f(x) = 3x – cos x – 1
Sol: Trap.rule =
h
2

y0  y 4   2y1  y 2  y3  
f(x0) = f(0) = –2 = 0.01
0.2474  0.2860  20.2571  0.2667  0.2764
1 1 2
f (x0) = f (0) = 3
0.01
f x   2 = 2 = 0.5334  1.6004
 x1 = x0 – 1 0 =  2
f x 0  3 3
= 0.005[2.1338]
06. Ans: (a) = 0.0106
Sol: Let x = N
10. Ans: (a)
2
f(x) = x – N = 0 Sol:
x 2n  N x –1 0 1
xn+1 = xn –
2x n
f(x) = 5x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 1 –9 1 5
x 2n  N
=
2x n h
y 0  y 2   20  4y1 
1
1
f ( x ) dx =
3
1 N
xn+1 =  x n   ......... (i)
2 x n  =
1
 4  41 = 0
3
07. Ans: (b)

11. Ans: (a)
Sol: Taking N = 18 & x0 = 4 in equation (i) of
Sol: Error = Exact value of the integral – The
previous examples(06), we get
value of the integral by the simpson's rule
4  18
2
x1 = = 4.25 =0–0=0
8
12. Ans: (b) 0.5

= 2  2.1  22.7  3  42.4  2.8  2.6
Sol: The area 3
= 7.783
h
= y 0  y 6   2y 2  y 4   4y1  y3  y5 
3
13. Ans: (c)

Sol:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f(x) =
1 x2 2 5 10 17 26 37
dx h
= y 0  y 6   2y1  y 2  y 3  y 4  y 5 
6

0 1 x 2
2
1  1  1 1 1 1 1 
= 1    2     
2  37   2 5 10 17 26 
= 1.4107
14. Ans: (a) 15. Ans: (a)
Sol: The volume of cylinder =   y 2 dy

1
ba 2
0
Sol: Error = Max  h  f x 
12
=
2

y0  y 24   2y 22  4y12  y32 
h 2
 =
1

1
 62.718
12 100
0.25
= 1  1  29  44  1 = 0.0136
3
0.25
= 40 Here,
3 2
f(x) = e x
10
= Max |f11(x)|[0,1] = 6e
3
ba
h=
n
1
=
10
16. Ans: (c) Second iteration will be

ba 4 1
Sol:  h  max f iv x   10 5 x2 = (12 – y1 – z1)
180 10
ba 1 = 0.90
Let h = =
n n 1
y2 = 13  2x 2  10 y1 
1 10
f(x) =
x = 1.00
iv
Max |f (x)|at x = 1 = 24 1
z2 = 14  2x 2  2 y 2 
 1 1  10
  4  24   10 5
 180 n  = 1.00
 n  10.738 The required solution after second iteration
 n  10.738 is x = 0.9, y = 1 & z = 1
17. Ans: x = 0.9, y = 1 & z = 1 18. Ans: 0.6
Sol: Let Sol: y1 = f(x, y) = 4 – 2xy
10x + y + z = 12 x0 = , y0 = 0.2, h = 0.1
2x + 10y + z = 13 By Taylor's theorem,
2x+2y + 10z = 14 and y(x) = y(x0+ h)

h 2 11
x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0 1
= y(x0) + h y (x0) + y x 0 
2!
Then first iteration will be
= 0.2 + 0.1(4) +
0.12  0.4
1 2!
x1 = (12 – y0 – z0)
10
= 0.598 = 0.6
= 1.2
1 19. Ans: 0.6
y1= 13  2x1  10 y 0 
10 Sol: f(x, y) = 4 – 2xy
1
= 13  21.2  0 = 1.06 x0 = 0, y0 = 0.2, f1 = 0.1
10
By Euler's formula
1
z1 = 14  2x1  2 y1  y1 = y0 + h f(x0, y0) = 0.2 + 0.1(4 – 0)
10
= 0.6
1
= 14  21.2  2.1.06 = 0.95
10
20. Ans: 0.04 23. Ans: 1.1165

Sol: By Euler's formula, Sol: f(x, y) = x+ y2,
y1 = y0 + h f(x0, y0) x0 = 0, y0 = 1, f1 = 0.1
y1 = 0 + (0.2) (0 + 0) = 0 k1 = hf(x0, y0) = 0.1
y2 = y1 + h f(x1, y1)  h k 
k2 = hf  x 0  , y 0  1 
y2 = 0 + 0.2(0.2 + 0)  2 2
y2 = 0.04  h  k1  
2
= 0.1 x 0     y1   
 2  2  
21. Ans: 0.095
= 0.1168
1
Sol: y1 = y0 + k1  k 2 
2  k 
k3 = hf  x 0  h, y 0  2 
k1 = hf(x0, y0) = 0.1 (1 – 0) = 0.1  2 
k2 = hf(x0 + h, y0 + k1) = 0.1[0.05 + 1.1185]
= 0.1 (1 – 0.1) = 0.09 = 0.1168
1 k4 = hf(x0+ h, y0 + k3) = 0.1347

y1 = 0 + 0.1  0.09
2 1
y1 = y0 = k1  2k 2  2k 3  k 4 
= 0.095 6
= 1 + 0.1164
22. Ans: 1.1961 y1 = 1.1164
Sol: f(x, y) = x + sin y
x0 = 0, y0 = 1, h = 0.2 24. Ans: 2.6 – 1.3x, 2.3
k1 = h(f0, y0) Sol: The various summations are given as
= 0.2(0+ sin 1) follows:
= 0.2(0.8414) = 0.1682
xi yi x i2 xiyi
k2 = hf(x0 + h, y0 + k1)
–2 6 4 –12
= 0.2(0.2 + sin (1.1682))
–1 3 1 –3
= 0.2(0.2 + 0.9200)
0 2 0 0
= 0.2(1.1200)
= 0.2240 1 2 1 2
1  –2 13 06 –13
y1 = 1+ (0.1682 + 0.2240) = 1.1961
2

Thus, yi = na + b  xi f(x) = f(x0) + (x – x0) f[x0, x1]

xiyi = a  xi + b  x i2 + (x – x0) (x – x1) f[x0, x1, x2]
= 1 + (x –1) 13 + (x –1) (x –3) 8
These are called normal equations. Solving
= 8x2 – 19x + 12
for a and b, we get
n  x i yi   x i  yi p(2) = 6
b
n  x i2   x i 
2
p1(2) = 13
a
y i
b
x i
 y  bx 26. Ans: 8x2 – 19x + 12, 6, 13
n n
Sol:
4   13   2  13
b ⏃p ⏃2p
46  6 x P(x)
= –1.3
a
13
 1.3 
 2  2.6 1 1 27  1
 13
4 4 3 1
Therefore, the linear equation is
37  13
8
y = 2.6 – 1.3x 4 1
3 27
4
64  27
The least squares error =  y  a  bx 
i 1
i i
2
43
 37
4 64
= (6 – 5.2) + (3 – 3.9) + (2 – 2.6)2
2 2
+ (2 – 1.3)2
= 2.3 By Newton's divided difference formula
P(x) = P(x0) + (x – x0) f[x0, x1]
2
25. Ans: i. 8x – 19x + 12 ii. 6 iii. 13
+ (x – x0)(x –x1) f[x0, x1, x2)
Sol: f(x) =
x  3x  4 1  x  1x  4 27  = 1 + (x – 1)13 + (x –1) (x –3).8
1  31  4 3  13  4
= 8x2 – 19x + 12
+
x  1x  3 64 P1(x) = 16 x – 19
4  14  3
P(2) = 6
f(x) = 8x2 – 19x + 12
P1(2) = 13
f(2) = 6
f1(2) = 13

27. Ans: x2 + 2x + 3, 4.25, 3 To calculate forward differences

Sol: Since the given observations are at equal
x f(x) f(x) 2f(x) 3f(x)
interval of width unity.
1 24
Construct the following difference table. 96
3 120 120
x f(x)  f(x) 2f(x) 3f(x)
216 48
0 3 5 336 168
3 384
1 6 2 7 720
5 0
2 11 2
Now by Newton's forward interpolation
7 0
formula, we have
3 18 2
f(a+uh) = f(a) + uf(a)
9
u u  1 2
4 27 +  f(a)
2!
u u  1u  2 3
Therefore f(x) +  f(a)
3!
f(x) = f(0) + C(x,1) f(0) + C(x, 2) f(0)
x 1
 x x  1  y(x) = 24 + 96
= 3 + (x × 3) +   2  2
 2! 
 x 1 x 1 
2    1
f(x) = x + 2x + 3  2  2  120
+
f1(x) = 2x + 2 2
f(0.5) = 4.25  x 1  x 1   x 1 

    1   2
+ 
2   2   2  48
f1(0.5) = 3
6
3 2 = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
28. Ans: x + 6x + 11x + 6, 990, 299
y1(x) = 3x2 + 12x + 11
Sol: Let us apply Newton's forward formula
y(8) = 990
x  a x 1
Let u   y1(8) = 299
h 2

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7 All India 1st Ranks in ESE

01. Ans: (d) For the product (PQ)10×20

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09. Ans: 0.04 R3 → 2R3 – 5R2

11. Ans: 3 14. Ans: 1

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Expanding by third column 1 1 1 6 

18. Ans: (a) The system is inconsistent

If a – 7 = 0 and b – 5 = 0 then R2 – R1, R3 – R1

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y=0  option (d) is correct

1   2 26. Ans: (c)

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27. Ans: –6 29. Ans: 0

31. Ans: (c) three different eigen values 1 = 0, 2 = 2 &

 The eigen values of A are  = 2, 0, 1

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Consider Ax1 = 1x1 38. Ans: (a)

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From (i) and (ii), we get 39. Ans: k  0

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01. Ans: (d) 03. Ans: (a)

|x| x L-Hospital's rule.

04. Ans: (b)

5, 5  x  6   cos x  sin x 

05. Ans: (c)

Then log y = Lt e  x log1  x 2   0. 

log 1  x 2  Again, by L' Hospital's rule

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Here, LHD = RHD for f(x) at x = 0

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 By a Rolle's theorem, the given equation

14. Ans: (d)  

 f(x) is neither continuous nor c= 3

15. Ans: (b)

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 dy  Sol: Given f(x) = 3x3  7x2 + 5x + 6 in [0, 2]

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At (0,1), we have r > 0 and (rt – s2) > 0

33. Ans: 4 36. Ans: 0.523

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39. Ans: (a) 3

40. Ans: (d) x3 1

43. Ans: (d)  y4 

 By comparison test, the given integral

   x1  x  dx  dy

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By changing the order of integration the Sol: Volume =  0

  x, y  dxdy =   x, y dydx

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54. Ans: 1.88 57. Ans: (a)

56. Ans: (b) = i 0  0  j[0  0  k2 y  1  2 y  1

Given a  f Sol: Given V  x 2  yz i  y 2  zx  j  z 2  xy  k

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( 4 ,1, 1) = [9(1)+3(64)] – [1(–2) + 1(1)]

63. Ans: 202 where M = x + y, N = x2 and

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 F. dr =    F  . n ds  The fourier series of f(x) contain only

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