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δ)

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δ)

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δ δ

δ
δ δ

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TERRESTRIAL
NORTH POLE

AZIMUTH OF THE STAR

AZIMUTH OF THE LINE

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φ φ

δ δ
δ
h

TERRESTRIAL
NORTH POLE

z z
WEST EAST

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φ
δ

δ=
δ=

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δ φ

φ
δ

δ φ
φ

δ φ
δ
φ
φ
h

δ φ φ

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δ φ=

δ φ φ

φ
δ)

δ
δ

AFTERNOON MORNING

TERRESTRIAL
NORTH POLE

A
WEST EAST

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𝑨
cot ( ) = √ sec (S) sec (S-P) sin (S-H) sin (S-L)
𝟐

𝑷+𝑯+𝑳
S=
𝟐

P : NORTH POLAR DISTANCE

H : ALTITUDE
L : LATITUDE

TANGENCY METHOD
One of the methods in solar observation in which four altitude
readings were being taken to complete a set of observation.

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°
° °
° °
°

°
° °
° °
°

°
°

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𝑷+𝑯+𝑳 𝑨
S= cot ( ) = √ sec (S) sec (S-P) sin (S-H) sin (S-L)
𝟐 𝟐

° ° °
°

°
°
°
°

° °
°

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