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Introduction
Script
Devanagari
Combinations
(Conjuncts)
Grammar
Gender
Honorifics
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Parts of speech
Conjugation
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Word order
Negation
Nouns
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Pronouns
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In Hindi the pronouns are inflected depending on the number and case. The pronouns in Hindi may be classified into 7 categories, the
most important of which is the personal pronoun category. We'd learn only about them here, reserving the rest for later chapters on
pronouns.
a)Direct Case
Ex: म खे लता हू ँ - I play आप िलखते ह - You write रमे श सुनता है - Ramesh listens
Tip - If you had followed the lessons so far then you must have noticed that there always are separate forms of intimate and honorary
2nd persons and that the honorary 2nd person uses the same the form for both sing. And plural. This originates from the practice in
Sanskrit to use plural forms for a higher authority/elders/respected people to show them respect and honor
.
b)Dative case The dative case is generally used to indicate the noun/pronoun to whom something is given. For example, in "John
gave Mary a book". The thing being given may be a tangible object, such as "a book" or "a pen", or it may be an intangible
abstraction, such as "an answer" or "help". The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb.
"He built a snowman for me" can also be rendered as "He built [for] me a snowman". In this example, the generic objective pronoun
"me" functions as a dative pronoun.
Ex: मुझे एक कलम चािहए - I need a pen उसे एक खत िमला - He got a letter इ ह पानी दो - Give them water
c)Genitive/possessive ('s/of)
Ex: ये िकताब मे र ह - These books are mine मे र िकताब पुरानी ह - My books are old तु हारा घर बड़ा है - Your house is big उसके पे ड़
हरे ह - His trees are green
d) Ablative
Ablative pronoun/nouns in general represent a motion away from something as "ablative" is derived from the Latin ablatus, the
(irregular) perfect passive participle of auferre "to carry away". Their use in Hindi sentences however can be roughly correspond to
some work done by somebody/something.
Ex: मुझसे गलती हो गई - I made a mistake (lit:A mistake was committed by me) मे रा तुमसे भरोसा उठ गया - I've lost faith on you
आपसे यही उ मीद थी - This was expected of you
e)Locative
Locative case indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by" combined with
nouns/pronouns.
Ex: मुझपर भरोसा करो - Have faith in me ई र तुमपर दया करे - May God have pity on you सार उ मीद उसपर टक ह - All hopes
rest on him
f)Ergative
Note – Often the word 'लोग' which means people is added to plural pronouns for emphasizing and/or indicating the plurality itself.
Such as वे लोग खाते ह, हम लोग खे लते ह and so on.