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Part – A
3x
1
x 3x
G.S : y e 2
A cos B sin where A, B are arbitrary constants.
2 2
Problem 2 Find the particular integral of D 2 a 2 y b cos ax c sin ax.
Solution:
Given D 2 a 2 y b cos ax c sin ax.
1 1
P.I b cos ax c. 2 sin ax.
D a
2 2
D a2
bx sin ax cx cos ax
2a 2a
x
b sin ax c cos ax .
2a
Solution:
1
P.I e x cos x
D 1
2
e x
cos x
D 1 1
2
1
e x cos x
D2
1
e x sin x
D
e cos x.
x
2
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m 3, 3
C.F: A Bx e 3 x
1
e 2 x x 3
D 3
2
e 2 x
x3
D 2 3
2
e 2 x
x 3 e 2 x 1 D x 3
2
1 D
2
P.I e 2 x 1 2D 3D 2 4D 3 x 3
e 2 x x 3 2 3x 2 3 3.2x 4 3.2.1
e 2 x x 3 6x 2 18x 24
G.S. y A Bx e 3 x x3 6x 2 18x 24 e 2 x .
3
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Problem 6 Solve D 2 2D 1 y x
Solution:
2 4 4
The A.E is m 2 2m 1 0 m y
2
m 1 2
1 2 x 1 2 x
C.F: Ae Be Ae x e 2x
Be x e 2x
1
P.I 2 x
D 2D 1
1
x
1 2D D 2
1
1 2D D 2 x
P.I 1 2D D x x 2
2
G.S: y e x Ae 2x
Be 2 x x 2 .
1
e 2 x cos x
D 2 1
2
1
e 2 x cos x
D 2 2 1
2
1
e 2 x cos x
D 1
2
xe 2 x
P.I sin x.
2
4
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2 D2 1
1 1
P.I 2 2
D 2
1
G.S: x A cos t B sin t 2.
Problem 9 Solve D3 3D 2 6D y x .
8
Solution:
The A.E is m3 3m 2 6m 8 0
m 1 m 2 m 4 0
m 1, 2, 4
C.F is C1e x C2 e 2 x C3e 4 x
1
P.I 3 x
D 3D 2 6D 8
1
x
D 3D 2 6D
3
8 1
8
1
1 D 3 3D 2 6D
1 x
8 8
1 D 3 3D 2 6D
1 .. x
8 8
1 6 1 3
x x .
8 8 8 4
Complete solution is y C.F P.I
1 3
y C1 e x C2 e 2 x C3 e 4 x x .
8 4
1
P.I. e2 x
D 4D 13
2
1 1
e2 x e2 x
4 8 13 9
G.S: y C.F P.I
e2 x
y e 2 x A cos 3x B sin 3x .
9
1
12e x Replacing D by 1
1 1
x
4 12e x Replacing D by 1
5D 1
x x
12e x 12e x 3xe x
5 1 4
G.S. y C.F P.I
C1 C2 ex C3e x C4 cos x C5 sin x 3xex .
6
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7 x e e 3 x
3x
1
e
D 2 5D 6 2
1
e 4 x 2
1 1
e 10 x
2 D 5D 6
2
D 5D 6
1 e 4 x
e 10 x
2 16 20 6 10 50 6
1 e 4 x e 10 x
2 2 34
4 x
e e 10 x
G.S. y C1e 2 x C2 e 3 x .
4 68
1
3 ex Replacing D by 1
1 3 1 4 1 2
2
1 1
ex ex
1 3 4 2 0
x
2 ex
3D 6D 4
1
e x Replacing D by 1
3 6 4
xe x
G.S: y C.F. P.I
Ae x e x B cos x C sin x xe x .
d2 y dy
Problem 14 Solve the equation 2
4 4 y e 2 x
dx dx
Solution:
Given D 2 4D 4 y e 2 x
The A.E is m 2 4m 4 0
m2 2 m 2 0
7
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m 2, 2
C.F.: Ax B e 2 x
1
P.I e 2 x
D 4D 4
2
Replacing D by - 2
1
e 2 x
2 4 2 4
2
1
e 2 x Dr is 0
48 4
x
e 2 x Replacing D by -2
2D 4
x
e 2 x
2 2 4
x 2 2 x
e Dr is 0
2
x 2 2 x
G.S is y Ax B e 2 x e .
2
1
e x
1 2 1
x
e x Dr is 0
2D 2
x
e x Replacing D by -1
2 1 2
1
PI 2 2 3e0 x
D 2D 1
8
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1
3e0 x Replacing D by 0
0 2 0 1
2
x2 x
G.S is y Ax B e x e 3.
2
Part-B
Solution:
The A.E. is m2 2m 8 0
m 4 m 2 0
m 2, 4
C.F.: Ae 2 x Be 4 x
2
R.H.S 4 cosh x sin 3x e 2 x e x 1
e x e x e3 x e 3 x
2
4 e e
2x x
1
2 2
e 4 x e 2 x e 2 x e 4 x e 4 x 2e3 x e 2 x 1
e 2 x e 4 x 2e 3 x 1e 0 x
P.I.
1
D 4 D 2
e 2 x 1
D 4 D 2
e 4 x 2e3 x e0 x
1 e 4 x 2e 3 x 1
e 2 x
2 4 D 2 8 2 1 5 4 2
xe 2 x e 4 x 2e3 x 1
6 16 5 8
2 x
xe e 4 x 2e3 x 1
G.S is y Ae 2 x Be 4 x .
6 16 5 8
cos 6 x cos 4 x 1 cos 2 x
1
4
2 cos A cos B cos A B cos A B
A 3x, B 2 x
1
P.I. sin 2 x cos x cos 2 x cos 3x
D 12
e0 x cos 2x cos 6x cos 4 x cos 2 x e0 x
1
D 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4
1 cos 2 x cos 6 x cos 4 x cos 2 x 1
2 4 1 2
4 36 1 4 16 1 4 4 1 4
3 cos 2 x cos 6 x cos 4 x cos 6x 3
.
4 6 140 60 140 4
cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x 3
G.S. is y A cos x B sin x .
12 60 140 4
d2 x
Problem 3 Solve 10x cos 8 y.
dy 2
Solution:
Here y is independent and x is dependent variable
d
Let D .
dy
The A.E is m 2 10 0
m 2 10
m 10i
C.F.: A cos 10 y B sin 10 y
cos 8 y cos 8 y
P.I 2
1
cos 8 y
D 10 64 10 54
cos 8 y
G.S. is x A cos 10 y B sin 10 y
54
d 2y dy
Problem 4 Solve 2
6 9 y sin x cos 2x .
dx dx
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 6m 9 0
m 3 0
2
m 3, 3.
C.F.: A Bx e 3 x
sin 3x sin x
2 sin x cos 2x 1
R.H.S
2 2
10
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sin 3x sin x
1
2
2 sin A cos B sin A B sin A B A x, B 2 x
1 1 1 1
P.I. 2 sin 3x
sin x
2 D 3 2 D 32
1 1 1 1
sin 3x sin x
2 D 6D 9
2
2 D 6D 9
2
sin 3x
1 1 1 1
P.I. sin x
2 9 6D 9 2 1 6D 9
1 1 1 1
sin 3x sin x
12 D 2 8 6D
cos 3x 4 3D sin x
12 3 4 4 3D 4 3D
1 1 1
cos 3x 4 sin x 3 cos x
36 4 16 9D 2
1 1 4 sin x 3 cos x
cos 3x
36 4 16 9
cos 3x sin x 3 cos x
36 25 100
1
2 D 4
2
2 D2 4
4
x sin 2 x
1
1 D 2 4
1
1 x
4 4 2 4 2 2 2
1 D 2 D 4 4 1 x sin 2 x
1 x
4 4 16 8 8
x 4 12 x 2 4.3.2.1 1 x sin 2 x
4 16 64 8 8
11
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4 3x 2 x 4 x sin 2 x
G.S. is y A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
8 4 4 8
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 2m 1 0
2 4 4
m 1 2
2
C.F.: Ae Be
1 2 x 1 2 x
e e x
x
P.I.
1
x 2
2 xe e
x x
D
1
cos 2 x
D 2
2D 1 2
2D 1 2
1 1
x 2 x2
D 2D 1
2
1 2D D 2
1 2D D 2 2D D 2 .... x 2
2
1 2D D 2 4D 2 x 2 x 2
x 2 4 x 5 2
1
x 2 x 2 4 x 10
D 2D 1
2
2 2e x
xe x
x
D 2 2D 1 D 1 2 2 D 1 1
1
2e x 2 x
D 2D 1 2D 2 1
2e x
2 x
D 4D 2
2e x 1
x
2 D 2
1 2D
2
1
D
2
e 1 2D
x
x
2
D2
e 1 2D
x
... x
2
e x 1 2D x
2
xex ex x 2 x 2 e x
D 2D 1
2
12
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1 1 e2 x
e 2x
e 2x
D 2 2D 1 4 4 1 7
1 e x cos 2 x 1 e x cos 2 x
D 2 2D 1 2 D 2 2D 1 2
e x
1 e x 1
cos 2 x cos 2x
2 D 1 2 D 1 1
2
2 D 1 2 D 1 1
2
ex 1 e x 1
cos 2 x cos 2 x
2 D 2 2D 1 2D 2 1 2 4 2
e x 2D 1 cos 2 x e x
cos 2 x
2 2 2D 1 2D 1 12
ex 1 e x cos 2 x
2.2 sin 2x cos 2 x
2 2 4D 2 1 12
e x
4 sin 2 x cos 2 x e x cos 2x
4 16 1 12
e x cos 2x 4 sin 2 x e x cos 2x
17 12
The General Solution is
1 2 x 1 2 x e2 x
y Ae Be 10 4 x x
2
x 2 ex
7
x x
e e
cos 2 x 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x
17 12
1
P.I. R.P of e 2ix x2
D 4iD 4 4
2
1 1
R.P of e 2ix 2 x 2 R.P of e2ix x2
D 4iD D D 4i
13
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1 1
R.P of e 2ix x2
D D
4i 1
4i
1
e 2ix 1 D 2
R.P of 1 x
4i D 4i
e 2ix 1 D D 2 2
R.P of 1 x
4i D 4i 16
ie 2ix x 3 x 2 x
R.P of
4 3 4i 8
ie 2ix x 3 ix 2 x
R.P of
4 3 4 8
e 2ix x 3i x 2 ix
R.P of
4 3 4 8
x 2 ix
cos 2 x sin 2x x3i
R.P of
4 3 4 8
1 x 2 cos 2x x 3 sin 2 x x sin 2x
4 4 3 8
1 x 2 cos 2x x 3 sin 2 x x sin 2x
P.I.
4 4 3 8
x 2 cos 2 x x3 sin 2x x sin 2 x
G.S.: y A cos 2 x B sin 2x .
16 12 32
sec a x 1
1
P.I
D ai D ai
Using partial fractions
C1 C
2
1
D a
2 2
D ai D ai
1 C1 D ai C2 D ai
1 1
C1 , C2
2ia 2ia
14
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1 1 1 1
P.I. sec ax sec a x
2ia D ai 2ia D ai
1 1 e aix aix
2ia
sec ax e sec a x dx
2ia D ai
e aix aix e aix aix
2ia 2ia
e sec a x dx e sec a x dx
15
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1
1 e 3 x 5D D 2
P.I. e x
sin x 2 cos x 1
24 12 24
x
D 2 4
e sin x 2 cos x e3 x 5D
x
1 x
1 4 24 12
e x e3 x 5
sin x 2 cos x x
5 24 12
ex
esin x 2 cos x x .
3x
5
G.S. is y Ae x Be 3 x
5 24 12
Problem 10 Solve the Legendre’s linear equation
3x 2 2 D 2 3 3x 2 D 36 y 3x 2 4x 1
Solution:
Let 3x 2 D 2 3 3x 2 D 36 y 3x 2 4 x 1
2
Let 3x 2 e or t log 3x 2
t
dt 3
dx 3x 2
3x e 2
z
1 2
x ez
3 3
Let 3x 2 D 3D
3x 2 D 2 9D D 1
2
D 1 3 3D 36 y 3 e z 4 e z 1
1 2 1 2
9D
3 3 3 3
1 4 4 4 8
9D
2
9D 9D 36 y 3 e 2 z e z e z 1
9 9 9 3 3
1 4 4 4 8
9D2 36 y e 2 z e z e z 1
3 3 3 3 3
1 2z 1
e
3 3
A.E is 9m 36 0
2
9m 2 36
m2 4
m 2
C.F Ae 2 z Be 2 z
A 3x 2 B 3x 2
2 2
16
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1 e2 z
P.I1 2
9D 36 3
1 1
. e2 z
3 36 36
1 1 2z
z e
3 18D
1 e2 z
z
54 2
1
ze 2 z
108
1
log 3x 2 3x 2
2
108
1 e0 z
P.I 2 12
9D 36 3
1 1 0z 1
. e
3 36 108
y C.F P.I1 PI 2
1 1
A 3x 2 B 3x 2 3x 2 log 3x 2
2 2 2
108 108
A 3x 2 B 3x 2 3x 2 log 3x 2 1 .
2 2 2
1
108
Problem 11 Solve D 2 5D 4 e x sin 2 x x 2 1 where D
d
.
dx
Solution:
The A.E m2 5m 4 0
m 4 or m 1
C.F Ae 4 x Be x
e x sin 2 x 2 x 2 1
1
P.I 2
D 5D 4
e3 x
1
sin 2 x
1 2
D 2 5D
x 1
D 1 5 D 1 4
2
4 1
4
1 5D 5D 2 2
e3 x 2
1
sin 2 x 1
x 1
D 3D 4 4 16
e x
2 sin 2 x 3cos2x x 2 x
1 5 13
26 4 2 8
G.S : y C.F. P.I
17
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e x
2 sin 2 x 3 cos 2 x x2 x
1 5 1 3
y Ae 4 x Be x .
26 4 2 8
d2 y dy
Problem 12 Solve x 2
4x 6 y sin log x .
2
dx dx
Solution:
d2 y dy
Given equation is x 2
4x 6 y sin log x .
2
dx dx
x D 4xD 6 y sin log x 1
2 2
or z log x
Put x e z
xD D 2
d
x 2 D 2 D D 1 3 Where D denotes
dz
18
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D 2 9D 14 y 6e2t 2t
The A.E. is m2 9m 14 0
m 7 m 2 0
m 2, 7
C.F.: Ae 2t Be 7 t
P.I. 2
6 2
e 2t 2 t
D 9D 14
D 9D 14
t
6e 2t 2 1
4 18 14 14 9D D 2
1
14 14
9D D 2 1
6e 2t 1
1 t
36 7 14 14
e 2t 1 9D e 2t 1 9
1 t t
6 7 14 6 7 14
e 2t t 9
G.S. is y Ae 2t Be 7t
6 7 98
To Calculate x
2e 2t 1
Dy 2 Ae 2t 7 Be 7 t
6 7
19
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5e 2t 5t 45
5 y 5 Ae 2t 5Be 7t
6 7 98
7e 2t 5t 1 45
D 5 y 3 Ae2t 2Be7 t
6 7 7 98
2 2x D 5 y e 2t
7e 2t 5t 31 2t
3 Ae 2t 2Be7t e
6 7 98
3 A 2t
e Be7t e 2t
7 5t 31
x
2 72 14 196
The General solution is
3 A 2t e 2t 5t 31
x e Be7t
2 12 14 196
e 2t t 9
y Ae 2t Be 7 t .
6 7 98
d2 y
Problem 14 Solve: y tan x by method of variation of parameters
dx 2
Solution:
A.E is m2 1 0
m i
C.F = c1 cos x c2 sin x
P.I PI1 PI 2
f1 cos x ; f 2 sin x
f1 sin x ; f 2 cos x
f 2 f1 f1f 2 1
Now, P
f2 X
dx
f f f f
1
2 1 2
Q
f1 X
dx
f1 f 2 f1 f 2
= cos x tan xdx
= cos x
y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2
20
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d2 y
Problem 15 Solve by the method of variation of parameters 4 y sec 2 x
dx 2
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 4 0
m 2i
C.F = c1 cos 2x c2 sin 2 x
P.I = Pf1 + Qf2
f1 = cos 2x; f2 = sin 2x
f1 2 sin 2x ; f 2 2 cos 2 x
f 2 f1 f1 f 2 2
Now, P
f2 X
dx
f f f f
1 2 1 2
Q
f1 X
dx
f1 f 2 f1 f 2
= 1 cos 2 x sec 2 xdx 1 x
2 2
y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2
= c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x 1 lo g co s 2 x co s 2 x 1 x sin 2 x .
4 2
21