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• Chapter 2
= 10 N = 10 N = 10 N = 12 N
East West East West
If the book is at rest, it will continue If the book is at rest, it will start
to stay at rest because Fnet=0 moving toward the west since
(translational equilibrium).
|F2|>|F1| (Fnet ≠ 0).
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 2
Equilibrium
• When an object is in equilibrium (either at rest or
moving with constant velocity), the net force
acting on it zero. A vector can only have zero
magnitude if all of its components are zero.
F1 + F2 = F2 + F1
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 6
Vector Addition Using Components
D=A+B+C
if and only if
D x = Ax + Bx + C x
D y = Ay + By + C y
B A) (3cos45°, 3sin60°) N
B) (5cos45°, 5sin45°) N
60° C) (3cos45°, 3sin45°) N
45° D) (3cos45°, –3sin45°) N
E) (–3cos45°, –3sin45°) N
A
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 8
Example
Two forces A and B of magnitudes |A| = 3 N and |B| =
5 N are applied to an object at the origin. We want to
find the total force. The components of B are:
B A) (–5cos60°, 5sin60°) N
B) (–5cos60°, 3sin60°) N
C) (5cos60°, 5sin60°) N
60°
D) (5cos60°, –5sin60°) N
45°
E) (–3cos60°, 5sin60°) N
A
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 9
Example
We now found A = (2.12 N, –2.12 N) and B = (–2.5
N, 4.33 N). The components of the total force A+B
are:
A) (–0.38, 6.45) N
B
B) (–4.62, 6.45) N
C) (–0.38, 2.21) N
60°
D) (–4.62, 2.21) N
45°
E) (–0.38, -2.21) N
A
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 10
Example
• We now found A + B = (–0.38 N, 2.21 N)
• The magnitude is
• A – B = A + (–B)
(A) B - D
(B) B + C
(C) C + D + E
(D) (D - C)/2
(E) D + C
(A) A + B
(B) C + A
(C) C – A
(A) –2(B+C)
(B) –(C+D) C
(C) –2A
(D) –(A+B+C) C+D
(E) All of these
choices
h 1 = h2
h 1 = h2
A) Stops abruptly
B) Stops during a short time interval
C) Changes direction
D) Continues at constant velocity
E) Slows down gradually
A) YES
B) NO
Sum of forces: 2N
Lecture 4 Purdue University, Physics 149 21
Third Law
• All forces come in pairs
• Third law forces involve TWO OBJECTS.
• The two forces are:
– the force object one exerts on object two
– the force object two exerts on object one
• Three ways to state the 3rd law:
– Forces on each other are equal and opposite
– For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
– You can’t push on something without it pushing back on
you
-N