24th International Conference On Dental Public Health & Dental Hygiene

JOINT EVENT
August 2018 | Volume 6

ISSN: 2329-9126
Journal of General Practice
August 2018 | Volume 3

ISSN: 2576-392X
Dentistry and Craniofacial Research
Proceedings of
3rd International Conference on
GENERAL PRACTICE
& PRIMARY CARE
&
24th International Conference on
DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

& DENTAL HYGIENE
August 16-17, 2018

Madrid, Spain
Scientific Program
General Practice 2018 & Dental Public Health 2018
Page 2
DAY-1
August 16, 2018
Meeting Hall: Sorolla
08:30-09:00 Registrations
Opening Ceremony 09:00-09:15

Keynote Forum
09:15-09:20 Introduction
Title: A clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat: Mistik score

09:20-10:05
Selcuk Mistik, Erciyes University, Turkey
Title: What makes out-of-pocket prescriptions for benzodiazepines and z-drugs so attractive
10:05-10:50
Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr, University Medical Center Gottingen, Germany
Group Photo
Networking & Refreshments 10:50-11:05 @ Velazquez
Title: Rehabilitation of patients with pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction

11:05-11:50
Malgorzata Pihut, Jagieollonian University, Poland
Sessions: Prosthodontics | Dental Hygiene and Oral Health | Pediatric Dentistry
Chair: Rosa Tarrago Gil, Hides Aragon, Spain

Co-Chair: Elena Martinez Sanz, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
Introduction
Title: Clinical evaluation of the two- stage procedure of rehabilitation of edentulous patients with
11:50-12:15 functional disorders of the masticatory system
Magdalena Orczykowska, Jagieollonian University, Poland
Title: Treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders in children and young adults

12:15-12:40
Ewa Ferendiuk, Jagieollonian University, Poland
Title: An assessment of the frequency of dentally unregistered paediatric patients requiring

12:40-13:00 hospital admittance for dental infections
George Jones, James Cook University Hospital, UK
Lunch Break 13:00-13:45 @ Velazquez
Page 3
Sessions: General Practice and Family Practice | General Practice and Education & Research | General Practice and
Public Health | General Practice and Cancer & Palliative Care
Chair: Jorgen Lous, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Co-Chair: Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr, University Medical Center Gottingen, Germany
Title: Primary care organization and performance: A cross sectional study of outpatients’
13:45-14:10 experience in Malawi
Luckson Wandani Dullie, University of Bergen, Norway
Title: E-referrals to ENT: How have these changed our practice and how can we be more NICE?
14:10-14:35
Grant S Nalon, UK
Title: Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evaluation and management in primary care

14:35-15:00
John Malaty, University of Florida Gainesville, USA
Title: Predictors for weight loss after patient-focused preventive consultations in general practice
15:00-15:25 to over-weight vulnerable young adults
Jorgen Lous, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Title: The comparison of three methods in hypertension management: Normal variations in blood
15:25-15:50 pressure in ambulatory blood pressure measurements
Title: Methods on how we did a patient-focused primary prevention to younger vulnerable patients
16:05-16:30 in general practice, Denmark
WORKSHOP
Title: Treatment protocols in molar incisor hypomineralization: New remineralizing agents and
sealants
16:30-18:00
Rosa Tarrago Gil, Hides Aragon, Spain
Elena Martinez Sanz, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
Panel Discussion
Page 4
DAY-2
August 17, 2018
Meeting Hall: Sorolla
Keynote Forum
09:00-09:10 Introduction
Title: Chronic cough in adults: Evaluation and management in primary care

09:10-09:55
Title: Treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction with the intra-articular injection

09:55-10:40
Malgorzata Pihut, Jagieollonian University, Poland
Sessions: General Practice and Child Health | Prosthodontics | General Practice and Education & Research | Dental
Hygiene and Oral Health | General Practice and Public Health | Geriatric Dentistry | General Practice and Infectious
Disease | Dental Research and Dental Marketing
Chair: Michele Aubin, Laval University, Canada

Co-Chair: Malgorzata Pihut, Jagieollonian University, Poland
Introduction
Title: Evaluation of the quality of life of edentulous patients using complete dentures
10:55-11:20
Title: Temporomandibular joint disorders: Challenge or everyday life in clinical practice

11:20-11:45
Title: Is Jordan ready to adopt evidence based practices in pediatric primary prevention?
11:45-12:10
Muna Kilani, Hashemite University, Jordan
Title: Geiatric dentistry, prothodontics and general health new approaches and methods
12:10-12:35
Omid Tavakol, Shiraz Islamic Azad Dental School, Iran
Title: Can a pragmatic intervention improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with
12:35-13:00 cancer? Results of a randomized trial
Michele Aubin, Laval University, Canada
Lunch Break 13:00-14:00 @ Velazquez
Title: The role of social media in health and scientific awareness

14:00-14:25
Elham Khalid, Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia
Title: ED and CVD in primary care. Are we missing screening and intervention opportunities?
14:25-14:50
Rehana Ahmed, University of Limerick, University College Cork, Ireland
Page 5
Title: Lymphatic malformation
14:50-15:15
Omar Amer Elhag Abdalla, Gezira University, Sudan
Title: Waminda: Leading the way with aboriginal health worker retention rate
15:15-15:40
Sara Deroy, University of Wollongong, Australia
Title: Reasons for falling among the elderly and the preventive measures: A public health survey
15:40-16:05
Rabia Mahmood Khan, Liaquat National Hospital, Pakistan
Poster Presentations 16:20-16:50

Video Presentations
Title: Morphology and prevalence of c-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars in north
16:50-17:10 iranian population: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Narjes Hoshyari, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Iran
Title: Dental implant

17:10-17:30
Rohit Agrawal, Agrawal Hospital & Research Institute, India
Panel Discussion
Awards & Closing Ceremony
Bookmark your dates

General Practice and Primary Care

April 15-16, 2019 Berlin, Germany
E-mail: generalpractice@healthcarespeakerexperts.org Website: generalpractice.conferenceseries.com

Dentistry and Dental Practice
January 28-29, 2019 Barcelona, Spain
E-mail: dentalpractice@euroannualsummit.com Website: dentalconference.euroscicon.com
Page 6
JOINT EVENT

General Practice & Primary Care
&
Dental Public Health & Dental Hygiene
August 16-17, 2018 Madrid, Spain
Supporting Journals
Page 7
Supporting Journals

www.omicsonline.org/general-practice.php
General Medicine: Open Access

www.omicsonline.org/general-medicine.php
Journal of Dental and Craniofacial Research

www.imedpub.com/dentistry-and-craniofacial-research/
Page 8
JOINT EVENT

&
Keynote Forum
Day 1
Page 9
JOINT EVENT Selcuk Mistik, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-007
3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

&
24th International Conference on Dental Public Health & Dental Hygiene
Selcuk Mistik
Erciyes University, Turkey
A clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat: Mistik Score

Analysis of data from Sore Throat in Primary Care Project provided a scoring system, called the Mistik Score, to diagnose
viral sore throat. The predictive model for positive viral analysis included the following variables: absence of headache, stuffy
nose, sneezing, temperature of ≥37.5°C on physical examination, and the absence of tonsillar exudate and/or swelling. The
probability of a positive viral analysis for a score of 5 was 82.1%.
Modified Centor Score-Suggestion of use

1. 0 and less score-no need for further
test or antibiotics
2. 1-3 score-throat culture or rapid
antigen test, antibiotics for positive
test
3. 4 and over-empirical antibiotic use
Recent Publications
1. Mistik S, Gokahmetoğlu S, Balci E and
Onuk F A (2015) Sore throat in primary care project: a clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat. Family Practice
32(3):263-268.
Biography
Selcuk Mistik graduated from Tarsus American College. He became a medical doctor after finishing Hacettepe University Medical School in 1994. He completed his
residency in family medicine with the thesis ‘Assessment of nutritional status and its effects on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients’ at Ankara Numune Training
and Research Hospital in 1999. He started working at Erciyes University as a Medical Faculty in 2001, and was appointed as a full professor of family medicine in 2011.
He has many studies published in international journals on various subjects concerning family medicine. He still works on university funded research projects. He has been
the member of many scientific societies. He is the head of Department of Family Medicine in Erciyes University Medical Faculty.
smistik@erciyes.edu.tr

ISSN: 2329-9126
General Practice 2018 Volume 6
Dental Public Health 2018

August 16-17, 2018 Page 10
JOINT EVENT Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-007

&
Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr
University Medical Center Gottingen, Germany
What makes out-of-pocket prescriptions for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs so attractive

Purpose: In Germany, almost every second prescription for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs is issued as an out-of-pocket
prescription (“private prescription”). These prescriptions have to be funded by the patient, although almost 90% of the
population has statutory health insurance (SHI) that covers medication costs. The purpose of this study is to understand why
primary care physicians (PCPs) choose out-of-pocket prescriptions since a needed medication would be covered by the SHI
and an unnecessary medication should not be given at all.
Methods: In this qualitative study, 17 semi-structured interviews with a regional sample of PCPs were conducted, audio-
recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory was used to analyze the interviews and to develop a theoretical model
to explain the PCPs’ behavior (“coding paradigm”: see image).
Figure 1: The coding paradigm of the phenomenon ‘Creating a barrier for the use of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs’
Results: We found a strong ambivalence toward the use of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, caused by the PCPs’ perception that
these drugs are effective but have significant risks as well. PCPs used different strategies, such as an out-of-pocket prescription
to cope with this ambivalence. A closer look revealed the central phenomenon for this strategy: PCPs hoped to create a barrier
for the patients by generating costs which, in their mind, should lead to a reduced medication intake. They found this strategy
also attractive as they feared to be held accountable for the costs by the SHI if they prescribed these drugs too often and over a
longer period than recommended.
Conclusion: In contrast to guidelines, PCPs developed own strategies to cope with the risk-benefit ratio of benzodiazepines
and Z-drugs, to avoid compensation claims and to maintain the doctor to patient relation. It is, however, rather unlikely that
out-of-pocket prescriptions really limit the use of hypnotics and sedatives.
Biography
Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr is a general practitioner. She completed her post-graduate training at the Cleveland Clinic affiliated Akron General Hospital in Ohio, USA be-
fore returning to Germany. Since 2015 she holds a research position at the Department of General Practice at the University Medical Center Göttingen. One of her research
interests focuses on prescribing hypnotics in general practice. She is also the German research coordinator of the SCREEN-AF trial, an international collaboration with
Canada that explores an ambulatory screening method for arterial fibrillation. Furthermore she is involved in teaching medical students.
Katharina.Schmalstieg@med.uni-goettingen.de

ISSN: 2329-9126

August 16-17, 2018 Page 11
JOINT EVENT Malgorzata Pihut, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-004

&
Malgorzata Pihut
Jagiellonian University, Poland
Rehabilitation of patients with pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction
T emporomandibular joints dysfunctions are functional disorders consisting in abnormal functioning and pain of the
mastication’s muscles, temporomandibular joints involved in dynamic movements of the mandible and surrounding
structures, often associated with abnormal tooth occlusion in opposite arches. Main etiologic factors are; chronic excessive
stress, parafunctional activity (teeth clenching, grinding-muscle hyperactivity) and occlusive abnormalities. Dysfunctions do
not include all diseases related to the musculoskeletal system in the chewing organ, such as inflammation, degenerative states
and joint tumors, as well as muscle lesions (multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and fibromyalgia). The aim of the presentation
is to discuss general principles of staged prosthetic treatment and supportive physiotherapeutic treatment, used in therapy of
pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The use of relaxation and repositioning splints together with the principles
of their use and devices used in the treatment of dysfunctions during orthodontic treatment will be presented. Intramuscular
injection with botulinum toxin type A are often used to relax the chewing muscles as well. The aim of physiotherapeutic
procedures is to reduce muscle and joint pain and restore the proper mobility of the mandible. Among physiotherapeutic
methods often are used; manual therapy, kinesiotherapy, laser biostimulation, ultrasound therapy and soft tissue mobilization.
Biography
Malgorzata Pihut has completed her Graduation in Faculty of Medicine at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. She is the Head of the Consulting Room of
Temporomandibular Joints Dysfunction, Jagiellonian University Medical College. She is a Specialist in the field of General Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics, conducts
training of students and has completed her Post-graduation in the field of Prosthetics. She is the author of over 150 publications, congress reports, and research in national
and international journals. She is a Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of modern form of functional disorder in the stomatognathic system. She is a member of the ten
national and international scientific societies, winner of the several prizes from Polish Ministry of Education.
m.pihut@op.pl

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 12
JOINT EVENT

&
Workshop
Day 1
Page 13
JOINT EVENT Rosa Tarrago Gil, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
Rosa Tarrago Gil

Hides Aragon, Spain
Elena Martinez Sanz

Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
Treatment protocols in molar incisor hypomineralization: New remineralizing agents and sealants
Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a pathology whose prevalence has been growing in recent years.
These are qualitative defects of the enamel, with different degrees of involvement, which involve at least one of the first
permanent first molars. Often, permanent incisors are also affected, although to a lesser extent. The MIH is a great challenge
for the dental hygienist.
Objective: The main objective of this workshop is to make practice on the treatment and prevention of MIH all based on the
scientific evidence MIH is, emphasizing the remineralization of the affected tissue, following the protocol of the health unit of
the care center health seminar (Aragonese health service).
Material & Methods: These protocols have been based on a narrative review, based on a systematic search for information.
The PubMed (MEDLINE) and SciELO databases, as well as the Cochrane Library, were consulted. The key words used, in
Spanish and English: molar incisor hypomineralization, remineral, fluorine, calcium, arginine, xylitol, hydroxyapatite, cement,
resin and sealers. The inclusion criteria were: a) All the methodological designs; b) Publications in English and Spanish; c)
Publications between 2007 and 2017. After reviewing the abstract, a total of 80 articles were selected for full-text analysis.
Results & Discussion: Currently the etiology of MIH is unknown. In any case, the differential diagnosis is fundamental to
not confuse the lesions with other entities to the MIH and its treatment. Currently, clinical management is oriented towards
prevention and minimally invasive methods, consisting of remineralizing agents, to reinforce and protect the existing dental
structure. In the mildest and most moderate cases, pit and fissure sealants may be indicated by previous remineralization
treatments.
Biography
Rosa Tarrago Gil is a Dental hygienist publishes Aragon’s health service, and also a member of Holy Sunday School of Silos. She is a Social delegate and Secretary
of solidarity dentistry and the President of Hides Aragon (Professional Association of Dental Hygienists of Aragon). Also she is Oral hygienist teacher of Miguel Catalan
secondary school.
Elena Martínez Sanz is Associate Professor in Anatomy and Embryology at Complutense University of Madrid (Madrid, Spain) since 2017. Currently she serves as councillor
at “Association of Basis Science Teachers in Dentistry” (ABSTD) and also serves as a vocal member of the committee board at “Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral
Public Health” (SESPO). She has extensive experience in teaching and research in basic sciences in dentistry. Her research interests are in the palate development and
cleft palate. Current focus is on different epidemiological factors in cleft palate and the impaired craniofacial growth in cleft patients. She has published 16 scientific and is
a frequent speaker in national and international scientific meetings. She is also a member of the International Association for Dental Research.
rosatarrago.formacion@hotmail.com
emartinez-sanz@med.ucm.es

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JOINT EVENT

&
Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

Day 1
Page 15
Sessions
Day 1 August 16, 2018
Prosthodontics | Dental Hygiene and Oral Health | Pediatric Dentistry
Session Chair Session Co-Chair
Rosa Tarrago Gil Elena Martinez Sanz
Hides Aragon, Spain Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
Session Introduction
Title: Clinical evaluation of the two- stage procedure of rehabilitation of edentulous patients with
functional disorders of the masticatory system
Title: Treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders in children and young adults
Title: An assessment of the frequency of dentally unregistered paediatric patients requiring hospital
admittance for dental infections
George Jones, James Cook University Hospital, UK
Page 16
JOINT EVENT Magdalena Orczykowska et al, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
Clinical evaluation of the two-stage procedure of rehabilitation of edentulous patients with functional
disorders of the masticatory system
Magdalena Orczykowska, Malgorzata Pihut, Ewa Ferendiuk and G Wisniewska
Aim: In edentulous patients using complete dentures with incorrect construction, the symptoms of the temporomandibular
system may occur. This is due to the unsymmetrical effects of chewing muscles and overloading of the temporomandibular
joints. The aim of the study is to assess whether the proposed method of clinical-laboratory management affects the recovery
of symptoms of masticatory system dysfunction in edentulous patients with functional disorders of the masticatory system.
Materials & Methods: The study involved a group of 60 edentulous patients (58 to 68 years) using complete dentures up to
1.5 years with symptoms of functional disorders of the masticatory system. The patients underwent a physical examination,
physical examination, a functional examination of the masticatory system and a clinical evaluation of the used dentures. In
the first stage of treatment, patients underwent a modification of the occlusal surface of the used dentures with the use of a
composite material in the position of the centric relation. Then the patients were divided into two groups. Group I (examined)
- 30 patients with complete dentures made according to the bio functional system. Group II (control) - 30 patients who were
eventually treated with dentures made according to the conventional method. After three months of using new dentures,
clinical examinations were repeated in both groups. The obtained test results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: After the implementation of the therapeutic procedure, the pain was eliminated already in the first stage of treatment.
The use of new complete dentures has improved the range of jaw movements and regression of pain.
Conclusions: The applied method of rehabilitation influences the restoration of the proper relation in the musculoskeletal
system and the disappearance of symptoms of the masticatory system.
Biography
Magdalena Orczykowska is a specialist in prosthodontics education in University of Jagiellonian, Medical College. She is a Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry in
1997-2002. She worked as an Private dental practician in 2002. Her research interests and achievements are Participation of numerous dental courses, national
and international conferences and of their own. Since 2004 she is an author of several original papers printed in Polish magazines and also a member of the Polish
Society of Dentistry.
m.orczykowska@op.pl
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 17
JOINT EVENT Ewa Ferendiuk et al, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
Treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders in children and young adults

Ewa Ferendiuk, Malgorzata Pihut and Magdalena Orczykowska
T emporomandibular joint disorders are characterized by pain located in temporomandibular joints or masseter muscles,
acoustic symptoms and restricted mandibular movements- the classic triad of TMJ-dysfunctions. Our experience and data
from the literature indicate decreasing the age of patients reporting for prosthetic treatment because of functional disorders
of masticatory system. Therapy of TMJ-dysfunction in children and young adults requires separate treatment due to the
masticatory system developing.
The aim of study is to present methods of treating temporomandibular joint disorders in child and young adult using an
interdisciplinary approach by cooperation with an orthodontist, osteopath and physiotherapist. Application of individual
prosthetic and orthodontic appliances would provide a proper functioning of masticatory system according to the stage of it
growth and development.
Biography
Ewa Ferendiuk graduated in Faculty of Medicine at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow/Poland. She is a member of team of the Consulting Room of
Temporomandibular Joints Dysfunction, Jagiellonian University Medical College. She conducts training for students in the field of prosthetics, and author of several
publications in national and international journals. She is a participant of conferences, courses and trainings in the field of TMJ-disorders, dental prosthetics,
esthetic dentistry and implant prosthetics. She is a member of Polish Society of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, International Team of Implantology, Society
of Physiotherapists and Polish Dental Society.
ewa.ferendiuk@hotmail.com
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 18
JOINT EVENT George Jones, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
An assessment of the frequency of dentally unregistered paediatric patients requiring hospital

admittance for dental infections
George Jones
James Cook University Hospital, UK
A n assessment of the frequency of dentally unregistered paediatric patients requiring hospital admittance for dental
infections: In 2014-2015, more than 26,000 hospital admissions were for dental infections in children age 5-9. The
Royal College of Surgeons of England state that 42.1% of children did not visit an NHS dentist between 2015-2016. Based
on “Delivering Better Oral Health” and NICE Guidelines, all children should be registered and have a recall frequency of no
more than 1 year. We aimed to assess how often paediatric patients in our region were registered with a dentist, and how often
hospital admittance and emergency surgery for dental abscesses was required, which is a serious dental public health issue in
the UK.
Results/Statistics:
• 211 A+E maxillofacial presentations between March 2017-September 2017
• 49 dental swellings
• 27/49 patients (55.1%) require admission into hospital for emergency surgery
• 63.3% (31/49) GDP registered vs 36.7% (18/49) not GDP registered
• 0% (0/18) of GDP unregistered children were given advice of how to register with a GDP
Conclusions/Clinical Relevance: The results show that not all paediatric patients have regular exposure to dental care by not
being registered with a GDP. Without regular recall and examination, dental swelling will continue to be a frequent presentation
in A+E in the UK.
Recommendations:
1. Staff to discuss with all paediatric patients and parents how to register with a dentist
2. Education advice on oral health to be sent to all nurseries/schools
3. Reaudit 6 months
Biography
George Jones graduated from the University of Manchester in 2015. He completed General Professional Training in 2017, working in emergency care, oral surgery,
paediatric dentistry and restorative dentistry. During this time, he was awarded the TC White Medal Award by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of
Glasgow for outstanding achievements as a postgraduate. He now works as an Oral and Maxillofacial Trainee in Middlesbrough, UK. He has published papers in
the British Dental Journal and for the Royal College of Surgeons.
g_a_jones92@hotmail.com
Notes:

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Sessions
General Practice and Family Practice | General Practice and Education & Research | General
Practice and Public Health | General Practice and Cancer & Palliative Care
Jorgen Lous Katharina Schmalstieg-Bahr
University of Southern Denmark, Denmark University Medical Center Gottingen, Germany
Title: Primary care organization and performance: A cross sectional study of outpatients’ experience in
Malawi
Luckson Wandani Dullie, University of Bergen, Norway
Title: E-referrals to ENT: How have these changed our practice and how can we be more NICE?
Grant S Nalon, UK
Title: Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evaluation and management in primary care
Title: Predictors for weight loss after patient-focused preventive consultations in general practice to over-
weight vulnerable young adults
Title: The comparison of three methods in hypertension management: Normal variations in blood pressure
in ambulatory blood pressure measurements
Title: Methods on how we did a patient-focused primary prevention to younger vulnerable patients in
general practice, Denmark
Page 20
JOINT EVENT Luckson Wandani Dullie et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

&
Primary care organization and performance: A cross sectional study of outpatients’ experience in
Malawi
Luckson Wandani Dullie1,2,3, Eivind Meland1, Oystein Hetlevik1, Thomas Mildestvedt1 and Sturla Gjesdal1
1
University of Bergen, Norway
2
Partners in Health, Malawi
3
University of Malawi College of Medicine, Norway
Background: Assessing patients’ experience with primary care compliments measures of clinical health outcomes in evaluating
its performance. Measuring patients’ experience and satisfaction are among Malawi’s health sector strategic goals. The purpose
of this study was to investigate patients’ experience with primary care and to assess associated patients’ sociodemographic,
healthcare and health characteristics.
Methods: This was a cross sectional survey using questionnaires administered in primary care facilities in Neno district, Malawi.
Face to face interviews using a validated Malawian version of the primary care assessment tool (PCAT-Mw) were carried out
to collect data on patients’ primary care experience and their sociodemographic, healthcare and health characteristics. Total
primary care and domain mean scores were derived for access, continuity, comprehensiveness and community orientation.
Linear regression models were used to assess association between primary care attribute scores and patients’ characteristics.
Results: From 631 completed questionnaires, first contact-access, relational continuity and comprehensiveness of services
available scored below the accepted minimum. Sex, geographical location, self-rated health status, duration of contact with
facility and facility affiliation were associated with patients’ experience with primary care. These factors explained 10.9% of the
noted variance in total primary care scores; 25.2% in comprehensiveness of services available and 29.4% in first contact access.
Conclusion: This paper presents results from the first use of the validated PCAT-Mw. The study provides a baseline for defining
quality improvement gaps and can be used alongside clinical health outcome studies to provide comprehensive evaluation of
primary care performance in Malawi
Biography
Luckson Wandani Dullie is a current Executive Director of Partners in Health (APZU) in Malawi, in the remote and rural district of Neno. His specialties include
experiential understanding of the challenges of rural medicine, development of training programs for effective delivery of comprehensive community oriented
primary health care, negotiating public sector partnerships and an array of clinical skills spanning tropical medicine, obstetrics, and general surgery. At present he
is a PhD Fellow at the Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary care of the University of Bergen in Norway. His research
interest is in understanding patients’ perspectives of primary care interventions.
ldullie@pih.org
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 21
JOINT EVENT Grant S Nolan, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

&
E-referrals to ENT: How have these changed our practice and how can we be nice?
Grant S Nolan
UK
Background: In 2014, Oosthuizen audited ENT referrals to a Dublin hospital against the Irish College of General Practitioners
(ICGP) referral template and found that they only included on average 16/37 recommended details. They suggested that
standardized referral forms may provide superior information.
Aim & Methods: Five years later, in Benfield Park Medical Group, Newcastle upon Tyne, and all referrals to secondary care are
electronic and most are standardized. We audited 183 referrals to ENT against the same ICGP guidelines to investigate if the
addition of e-referrals has improved compliance. We also investigated if e-referrals were in line with current UK guidelines and
how this affected definitive surgical management from ENT.
Results & Conclusions: Our data shows that e-referrals have dramatically improved the quality of referrals from 16/37 to
26/37 details. We also found referrals in line with UK guidelines were more likely result in an ENT procedure and may be more
likely to require an operation. Interestingly there are still patients being operated on whom does not fit into a nice criterion and
GPs must continue to be allowed the flexibility to refer these patients if they see fit.
Recent Publications
1. Oosthuizen J, Mc Shane D, Kinsella J and Conlon B (2015) General practitioner ENT referral audit. Irish Journal of
Medical Science 184(1):143-146.
Biography
Grant S Nolan is a junior surgeon from United Kingdom. His research Interest is Plastics and ENT Surgery.
grantnolan@me.com
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 22
JOINT EVENT John Malaty, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

&
Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evaluation and management in primary care

John Malaty
University of Florida, USA
C hronic Rhinosinusitis can be refractory and significantly impact loss of work productivity, work absence, disease-specific
quality of life measures and annual health care costs. It is not felt to simply be an infectious problem and various inflammatory
pathways and host factors play an important role in addition to biofilms. Medical management should be tailored to the
specific comorbidities and concerns of an individual patient, while treating acute exacerbations with amoxicillin-clavulanate;
second or third generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones. Treatment of nasal polyposis is important when present; and
treatment of additionally targeting pertinent pathophysiology in asthma and cystic fibrosis improve treatment efficacy. In
this presentation, I will discuss how to evaluate and effectively treat causes of chronic sinusitis in the primary care setting, in
addition, discussing when to refer these patients for specialty care.
Recent Publications
1. Holmes R L and Fadden C T (2017) Evaluation of the patient with chronic cough. American Family Physician
69(9):2159-2166.
2. Marlow N H, Malaty J, Jo A, Tanner R J, Beau de Rochars V M, Carek P J and Mainous A G (2017) Hearing impairment
and undiagnosed disease: the potential role of clinical recommendations. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing
Research 60(1):231-237.
3. Carek P J, Malaty J, Dietrich E, Lombardi J, Porter M B, Blanc P and Samraj G (2016) Addressing hospital readmissions:
impact of weekly meeting. Family Medicine 48(8):638-641.
4. Malaty J (2016) Medical management of chronic Rhinosinusitis in adults. Sinusitis 1:76-88.
5. Dieuvil M and Malaty J (2016) An uncommon cause of acute encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis. BMJ Case Reports.
Biography
John Malaty is an academic family Physician, who is board certified by the American Board of Family Medicine and who also has prior Residency training in
Otolaryngology, where he learned specialized clinical care skills about evaluating and managing ear, nose and throat problems that are frequently encountered in
primary care. He has expertise in ear, nose and throat conditions in primary care. His expertise has led him to publish and present nationally and internationally in
this field, with a number of solicited articles and presentations and to teach these skills to Family Medicine Residents in an academic Family Medicine Residency
training program at the University of Florida.
malaty@ufl.edu
Notes:

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JOINT EVENT Jorgen Lous et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Predictors for weight loss after patient-focused preventive consultations in general practice to over-
weight vulnerable young adults
Jorgen Lous1 and Kirsten S Freund2
1
University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
2
Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark
Objective: Obesity and inequality in health is an increasing problem in Denmark. The objective was to evaluate the effect
of structured well-prepared preventive consultations on weight loss in younger adults with over-weight and psycho-social
problems.
Method: A total of 495 younger adults (20-44 years old) with several psycho-social and lifestyle problems were randomized to
preventive health consultations or control at their own GP after completing a 23 pages questionnaire on different life style and
psycho-social issues. All were randomized to intervention or control. A total of 218 had overweight or obesity.
Results: The 56 (26%) of the 218 were lost to follow-up after one year. The 77 with overweight in the control group were not
asked about goals. The rest, 85 with overweight or obesity, were asked to prioritize one or two goals for a better life the next
year. 22 had weight loss as the highest prioritized goal. One year after the first health consultation the 22 had a mean weight
loss of 4.73 kg (95% Cl: 1.8 to 7.7) and the rest had lost 1.56 kg (-0.05 to 3.2). The over-weighty in the control group had a mean
weight loss of 1.57 kg (0.12 to 3.0). In a logistic regression model the degree of overweight, consideration of a quick weight
loss (within 30 days) at inclusion in the study, weight loss a high prioritized goal at the preventive consultation, having many
problems, being a female, and being in the oldest half of the participants were predictors for weight loss.
Conclusion: A significant change in weight loss could be obtained with well-prepared patient-focused consultations. Predictors
for weight loss (yes/no) after 1 year in logistic regression model (n=159).
Recent Publications
1. Freund K S and Lous J (2012) the effect of preventive consulations on young adults with psychosocial problems; a
randomized trial. Health Educ Res 27(5):927-45.
2. Hansen E, Fonager K, Freund KS and Lous J (2014) The impact of non-responders on health and lifestyle outcomes in
an intervention study. BMJ Res Notes 7:632-40.
3. Lous J and Freund K S (2016) Predictors of weight loss in young adults who are over-weight or obese and have
psychosocial problems: a post hoc analysis. BMC Fam Pract 17(43):11.
Biography
Jorgen Lous is a Doctor of Medicine and since from 1984. He has been working at the University of Aarhus and University of Southern Denmark. He worked part-
time in General Practice and retired in 2016.
jlous@health.sdu.dk
Notes:

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JOINT EVENT Selcuk Mistik et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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The comparison of three methods in hypertension management: Normal variations in blood pressure
in ambulatory blood pressure measurements
Selcuk Mistik1, Kevser Goktas1, Demet Unalan2, Abdurrahman Oguzhan3 and Bulent Tokgoz4
Erciyes University, Turkey
Statement of the Problem: Hypertension is very common in primary care patients. The diagnosis of hypertension is made by
office measurements and home blood pressure measurements. The aim of this study was to define the normal variation levels
of blood pressure in individuals in primary care by using ambulatory blood pressure measurement.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study was performed in primary care. Individuals who had no hypertension
history were included in the study. Subjects were evaluated by using three office measurements, seven days home blood pressure
measurements and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure measurement. The ambulatory blood pressure gave us the variations
in blood pressure values. This study was funded by the Scientific Research Council of Erciyes University (ERUBAP, Project No.
TTU-2017-7092)
Findings: The study started in January 2018 and ended in May 2018. Of the 38 subjects, 71.1% were women and 28.9%
were men. The mean age was 40.51. The most common educational level was elementary school graduates (35.1%). The most
common occupation was housewives with 52.6%. Of the participants, 84.2% were married. At ambulatory blood pressure
measurements, 37.0% of the subjects had mean systolic blood pressures (24 hours) between 120-129 mmHg. Of the diastolic
blood pressure 24 hours mean values, 15.3% had values between 80-89, where 50.0% were between the 71-79 mmHg groups.
The mean value of twenty four hours variation in systolic blood pressure was 15.75±18.59 (median 11.40, min. 8.80, max.
106.00). The 24 hours variation in the mean values of diastolic blood pressures was 12.12±10.90 (median 9.70, min. 6.80, max.
64.00).
Conclusion & Significance: The results of this study demonstrated us that many individuals are in high risk group for
hypertension according to some recent guidelines on the management of hypertension.
Biography
Selcuk Mistik was born in Tarsus, Turkey in 1967. He has graduated from Tarsus American College. He became a medical doctor after finishing Hacettepe
University Medical School in 1994. He completed his residency in family medicine with the thesis ‘Assessment of nutritional status and its effects on morbidity and
mortality in hemodialysis patients’ at Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital in 1999. He started working at Erciyes University Medical Faculty in 2001,
and was appointed as a full professor of family medicine in 2011. He has many studies published in international journals on various subjects concerning family
medicine. He still works on university funded research projects. He has been the member of many scientific societies. He is the head of Department of Family
Medicine in Erciyes University Medical Faculty.
smistik@erciyes.edu.tr
Notes:

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JOINT EVENT Jorgen Lous et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Methods on how we did a patient-focused primary prevention to younger vulnerable patients in

general practice, Denmark
Jorgen Lous1 and Kirsten S Freund2
1
University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
2
University of Copenhagen and Aalborg, Denmark
S everal elements have to be fulfilled to achieve a success in prevention in general practice. Motivated GPs got education:
50 (15%) of invited GPs from the County of North Jutland, Denmark participated in the 40 hour training program and
8.6% (28) recruited patient into the study. Exercise in patient-focused preventive consultation was an important part of the
training. Fee for extra time: The GPs got a fee for courses and preventive health consultations. Find patients who need some
intervention: A screening Questionnaire (Q33) on own resources, network, lifestyle and social conditions was completed by
2.056 patients 20-45 years old when coming to the clinic for any other reason. The 30% with most psychosocial problems (>7)
were invited to participate and were randomized to control or intervention (two consultations with their GP). All had one-
year postal follow-up. Motivate patients who feel they need some changes in their daily life: A baseline-questionnaire (QB)
with 84 questions on life conditions, health, life style and social problems was priming the participants to the patient-focused
consultation. Patients might choose one or two goals for a better life. Discuss resources, barriers and time schedule for chosen
changes: important to explore the patient's own agenda and resources and support self-efficacy. A 20 minutes follow-up within
three months: How is it going? What is difficult and why?, support self-efficacy again and A one-year questionnaire (Q1) like
QB. What has changed during the year? After one year the intervention group had significant better SF-12 mental score 4.3
(95% confidence interval), fewer problems (from 10.0 to 8.2=1.8 problems) and the overweight who had prioritized weight-
loss had mean weight loss of 4.73 kg (95% Cl: 1.8 to 7.7).
Recent Publications
1. Freund KS and Lous J (2012) The effect of preventive consulations on young adults with psychosocial problems; a
randomized trial. Health Educ Res 27(5):927-45.
2. Hansen E and Fonager K Freund KS and Lous J (2014) The impact of non-responders on health and lifestyle outcomes
in an intervention study. BMJ Res Notes 7:632-40
3. Lous J and Freund KS (2016) Predictors of weight loss in young adults who are over-weight or obese and have
psychosocial problems: a post hoc analysis. BMC Fam Pract 17(43):11.
Biography
Jorgen Lous is a Doctor of Medicine and since from 1984. He has been working at the University of Aarhus and University of Southern Denmark. He worked part-
time in General Practice and retired in 2016.
Jlous@health.sdu.dk

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JOINT EVENT

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Keynote Forum
Day 2
Page 27
JOINT EVENT John Malaty, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-007

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John Malaty
University of Florida, USA
Chronic cough in adults: Evaluation and management in primary care
A lthough chronic cough in adults can be caused by many etiologies, these patients can be effectively evaluated in primary
care by considering the most common causes, which alone, or in combination, make up the vast majority of cases:
upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)/laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR),
asthma and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB). These should be evaluated clinically and spirometry performed if
indicated. Empiric treatment should be initiated while considering angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, environmental
triggers, tobacco use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as potential causes.
Chest X-ray can rule out concerning infectious, inflammatory and malignant thoracic conditions and empiric treatment of
the aforementioned etiologies can also be diagnostic. In rare cases, chronic refractory cough may be present and one may
then consider referral to pulmonology and/or otolaryngology, in addition to trial with gabapentin, pregabalin and/or speech
therapy. In this presentation, the author will discuss how to evaluate and effectively treat these causes of chronic cough in the
primary care setting, in addition to discussing when to refer these patients for specialty care.
Recent Publications
1. Michaudet C and Malaty (2017) Evaluation of the patient with chronic cough. American Family Physician 96(9):575-580.
2. Marlow N H, Malaty J Jo A, Tanner R J, Beau de Rochars V M, Carek P J and Mainous A G (2017) Hearing impairment
and undiagnosed disease: the potential role of clinical recommendations. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing
Research 60(1):231-237.
3. Carek PJ, Malaty J, Dietrich E, Lombardi J, Porter MB, Blanc P and Samraj G (2016) Addressing hospital readmissions:
impact of weekly meeting. Family Medicine 48(8):638-641.
4. Malaty J (2016) Medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults. Sinusitis 76-88.
5. Dieuvil M and Malaty J (2016) An uncommon cause of acute encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis. BMJ Case Reports.
Biography
John Malaty has expertise in ear-nose-and-throat conditions in primary care. He is an academic family Physician, who is board-certified by the American Board of Family
Medicine and who also has prior Residency training in Otolaryngology and recently made a Fellow of the American Academy of Family Physicians (FAAFP). He learned
specialized clinical care skills about evaluating and managing ear-nose-and-throat problems that are frequently encountered in primary care. His expertise has led him
to publish and present his research work nationally and internationally in this field, and to teach these skills to family medicine residents in an academic family medicine
residency training program at the University of Florida.
malaty@ufl.edu

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 28
JOINT EVENT Malgorzata Pihut, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-004

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Malgorzata Pihut
Treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction with the intra-articular injection

Aim: Temporomandibular joints dysfunctions are functional disorders consisting in abnormal functioning and pain of the
mastication muscles, temporomandibular joints involved in dynamic movements of the mandible and surrounding structures,
often associated with abnormal tooth occlusion in opposite arches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regression of
temporomandibular pain as a result of intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid to patients
with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (disc displacement with reduction) subjected to prosthetic treatment.
Materials & Methods: The baseline study material consisted of 60 patients, males and females, aged 28 to 53 years, treated
due to disc displacement with reduction. All patients were carried out to a specialist functional examination of stomatognathic
system. The intensity of pain (muscles and temporomandibular joints) was measured by VAS+WNRS score. Group I consisted
of 30 patients, who had 1.5% hyaluronic acid intra-articular injections and group II 30 patients as well, who used platelet
rich plasma obtain from own blood. The injection places were determined by the method used during arthroscopic surgical
procedures. Following aspiration, 0.4 ml of PRP or hyaluronic acid was injected into both temporomandibular joints.
Results: The comparison of the intensity of pain and the result of clinical examination during all visits suggests a beneficial
effect of both procedures.
Conclusion: Application of the intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid into the temporomandibular
joints have a positive impact on the reduction of the intensity of pain experienced by patients treated for temporomandibular
joint dysfunction.
Biography
Malgorzata Pihut has completed her Graduation in Faculty of Medicine at Jagiellonian University, Poland. She is the Head of the Consulting Room of Temporomandibular
Joints Dysfunction, Jagiellonian University Medical College. She is a Specialist in the field of General Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics, conducts training of students and
has completed her Post-graduation in the field of Prosthetics. She is the author of over 150 publications, congress reports, and research in national and international
journals. She is a Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of modern form of functional disorder in the stomatognathic system. She is a member of the ten national and inter-
national scientific societies, winner of the several prizes from Polish Ministry of Education.
m.pihut@op.pl

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Page 30
JOINT EVENT

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Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

Day 2
Page 31
Sessions
General Practice and Child Health | Prosthodontics | General Practice and Education & Research
Dental Hygiene and Oral Health | General Practice and Public Health | Geriatric Dentistry
General Practice and Infectious Disease | Dental Research and Dental Marketing
Michele Aubin Malgorzata Pihut
Laval University, Canada Jagieollonian University, Poland
Title: Evaluation of the quality of life of edentulous patients using complete dentures
Title: Temporomandibular joint disorders: Challenge or everyday life in clinical practice
Title: Is Jordan ready to adopt evidence based practices in pediatric primary prevention?
Muna Kilani, Hashemite University, Jordan
Title: Geiatric dentistry, prothodontics and general health new approaches and methods
Omid Tavakol, Shiraz Islamic Azad Dental School, Iran
Title: Can a pragmatic intervention improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with cancer?
Results of a randomized trial
Michele Aubin, Laval University, Canada
Title: The role of social media in health and scientific awareness
Elham Khalid, Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia
Title: ED and CVD in primary care. Are we missing screening and intervention opportunities?
Rehana Ahmed, University of Limerick, University College Cork, Ireland
Title: Lymphatic malformation
Omar Amer Elhag Abdalla, Gezira University, Sudan
Title: Waminda: Leading the way with aboriginal health worker retention rate
Sara Deroy, University of Wollongong, Australia
Title: Reasons for falling among the elderly and the preventive measures: A public health survey
Rabia Mahmood Khan, Liaquat National Hospital, Pakistan
Page 32
JOINT EVENT Magdalena Orczykowska et al., J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
Evaluation of the quality of life of edentulous patients using complete dentures

Magdalena Orczykowska, Malgorzata Pihut, Ewa Ferendiuk and G Wisniewska
Aim: The quality of life conditioned by the state of health defines the patient's self-assessment regarding the impact of the
disease and the treatment used on its functioning in the physical, mental and social spheres. Edentulousness is a disease
that significantly affects the proper functioning of the body and adversely affects the mental sphere of the patient. The aim
of the study was to evaluate the impact of the construction of dentures made according to two different methods of clinical-
laboratory proceedings on improving the quality of life of edentulous patients.
Material and Methods: The study involved a group of 60 edentulous patients (58 to 68 years) of both sexes, using complete
dentures. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (30 patients) using complete dentures made according to the bio
functional system. Group II (30 patients) using dentures made according to the conventional method. All patients underwent
a physical, physical and clinical examination of the used dentures. For a subjective assessment of the quality of life associated
with oral health, the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used. The questionnaire study was conducted in
patients of both groups before and after the treatment. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Conclusions: Improvement of the quality of life of patients using complete dentures is associated with the construction of
dentures, which improves the chewing capacity, aesthetic appearance. The quality of life of patients using full dentures is
statistically significantly better after the use of dentures made according to the biofunctional system.
Biography
Magdalena Orczykowska is a specialist in prosthodontics education in University of Jagiellonian, Medical College. She is a Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry in
1997-2002. She worked as an Private dental practician in 2002. Her research interests and achievements are Participation of numerous dental courses, national
and international conferences and of their own. Since 2004 she is an author of several original papers printed in Polish magazines and also a member of the Polish
Society of Dentistry.
m.orczykowska@op.pl
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 33
JOINT EVENT Ewa Ferendiuk et al., J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

&
Temporomandibular joint disorders: Challenge or everyday life in clinical practice

Ewa Ferendiuk, Malgorzata Pihut and Magdalena Orczykowska
T emporomandibular joint disorders are a common problem in clinical practice. Therapy of TMJ-dysfunctions using occlusal
splints and other supporting methods are only pre-treatment stage of subsequent occlusion reconstruction. The key to
success in rehabilitation patients with functional disorders is to create the correct jaw placement with condyles centralization
that will guarantees proper functioning of masticatory system.
The aim of study is to present methods of comprehensive treatment patients with TMJ-disorders based on own clinical cases.
The work described the combined orthodontic, prosthetic and implant-prosthetic treatment patients with functional disorders
of masticatory system.
Biography
Ewa Ferendiuk graduated in Faculty of Medicine at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow/Poland. She is a member of team of the Consulting Room of
Temporomandibular Joints Dysfunction, Jagiellonian University Medical College. She conducts training for students in the field of prosthetics, and author of several
publications in national and international journals. She is a participant of conferences, courses and trainings in the field of TMJ-disorders, dental prosthetics,
esthetic dentistry and implant prosthetics. She is a member of Polish Society of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, International Team of Implantology, Society
of Physiotherapists and Polish Dental Society.
ewa.ferendiuk@hotmail.com
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 34
JOINT EVENT Muna Kilani et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Is Jordan ready to adopt evidence based practices in pediatric primary prevention?

Muna Kilani, Heather L Harvey, Eman AlKamil, Mustafa Saad and Azmi Abdullah Qudsi
Hashemite University School of Medicine, Jordan
Statement of the Problem: Primary prevention is a key component not only for the health of the individual but for the health
of the community at large. While primary prevention and wellness check-ups are a major component of health services in the
US and Western Europe they have not been readily adopted in Jordan. It may in part be due to a cultural knowledge gap in the
community as well as due to the limited clinical training physicians receive towards primary prevention services.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The research focused on assessing family readiness to adopt the use of primary
prevention and well child check-ups in Jordan, and which primary prevention programs families were more likely to participate
in. Using a prospective study design, parents attending a regional government hospital for pediatric visits participated in a
short personal interview, then parents were told about 3 evidence based programs they could choose to participate in that day
during their wait with medical students.
Findings: Of 505 families surveyed 66.7% expressed a desire for child primary prevention visits, with 63.8% wanting to have
access 1-2 times annually. However, only 35.6% chose to participate in a primary prevention class during their waiting time.
Of those who participated the majority chose a child development program, followed by nutrition and lastly injury prevention.
Conclusion & Significance: There appears to be an expressed interest in pediatric prevention visits for families in Jordan and
a recognized need for them. However there is still a gap between this desire and access/utilization to such services.
Recommendations: Programs need to be developed that increase awareness and access to pediatric primary prevention
services and regional medical schools should adopt new ways of integrating primary prevention into their clinical training,
and increasing the opportunities for families to have access.
Recent Publications
1. Dev Peters, R Petrunka, K Khan, S Howell-Moneta, A Nelson, G Pancer M and Loomis C (2015) Cost saving analysis
of the better beginnings, better futures community based project for children and their families: a 10 year follow-up.
Prevention Science
2. Beaglehole R, Jordan J, Patel V, Chopra M, Ebrahim D, Kidd M and Haines A (2008). Improving the prevention and
management of chronic disease in low-income and middle-income countries: a priority for primary health care The
Lancet 372(9642):940-949.
3. Mond JM (2016). Optimizing prevention programs and maximizing public health impact are not the same. Eating
Disorders, 24(1):20-28.
4. Parbhoo A, Louw Q A and Gimmer-Somers K (2010). Burn prevention programs for children in developing countries
require urgent attention a targeted literature review. Burns, 36:164-175.
5. Mercy J A and Saul J (2009). Creating a healthier future through early interventions for children Jama, 301(21):2262-
2264.
Biography
Muna Kilani has completed her Graduation at University of Jordan in 1996. Then she finished a Pediatric Residency at Case Western Reserve (Metro Health
Medical Centre) in Cleveland, USA in 2001, from there she went on to finish a Pediatric Pulmonology Fellowship at Indiana University (Riley Hospital for Children),
in 2004. She worked as a Clinical Assistant Professor at Riley Hospital for Children for five years before moving on to work at CGH Medical Centre in Sterling
Illinois. In 2016, she moved to Jordan and joined the faculty of medicine at Hashemite University. She is interested in integrating evidence-based medicine into the
medical field in Jordan as well as incorporating primary preventive pediatric medical care into the Jordanian health system, both the public and the private sectors.
kilani_muna@hotmail.com

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 35
JOINT EVENT Omid Tavakol, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

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Geriatric dentistry, prosthodontics and general health: New approaches and methods
Omid Tavakol
Shiraz Islamic Azad Dental School, Iran
T oday, despite of modern oral and dental care and preventive dentistry, the prevalence of partial and total edentulism
is increasing every year. According to Micsh’s dental implant text book, there are more than 20,000,000 patients in the
United States who suffer from complete edentulism. The consequences of edentulism can vary from lack of ability to chew, to
psychological effects which affects all aspects of patient’s life and patient’s appearance in society. The effect of edentulism on
general health and psychological health of patients is of great importance. Inability to take hard foods, vegetables, not only
induces the feeling of disability but also induces nutrition deficiency which causes serious problems like avitaminosis which
could lead to depression or other disease like GI problems. The role of prosthodontics in replacement the missing tissues
and structures of dentomaxillofacial area is so important in reconstruction of both the appearance and the function of oral
and maxillofacial area. There are several methods to replace missing teeth and surrounding structures such as old removable
dentures or new implant supported prosthesis. The field of maxillofacial prosthesis is gone under big revolution by introducing
dental implants. All these prosthesis are to be maintained by oral hygiene procedures that are different by the type of prosthesis.
In this lecture, author is going to explain the consequence of edentulism on general health and psychological health of patients
and the relationship of edentulism and the relevant diseases introduced by. Then he is going to introduce new methods in
prosthodontics which improves oral care. After that he is going to introduce the new methods in maintaining prosthesis, which
includes new appliances, new materials and drugs and the way the patients should use.
Biography
Omid Tavakol Graduated from high school with ‘A’ grade. He entered Shiraz dental school in 2000 and graduated in 2006, he started post-graduation program in
prosthodontics in 2008 and graduated as a board certified Prosthodontist in 2012. He got approval from bu ICOI as implant fellowship in 2016. He is also a Head
of prosthodontics department of Shiraz Azad dental school since 2015 and Head of Dr Tavakkol dental clinic since 2013.
fa_moayedi@yahoo.com
Notes:

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 36
JOINT EVENT Michele Aubin et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Can a pragmatic intervention improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with cancer?
Results of a randomized trial
Michele Aubin, Lucie Vezina MA, Rene Verreault, Sebastien Simard, Lise Tremblay, Jean-François Desbiens, Serge Dumont, Maman Joyce Dogba and
Pierre Gagnon
University of Laval, Canada
Statement of the Problem: Family caregivers (FC) of patients with cancer often report high distress. The purpose of this
study is to assess the effectiveness of an intervention to improve supportive care for FCs. Methodology: FCs of patients with
lung cancer were randomized to the intervention or the control group. The intervention included: 1) systematic FC distress
screening and problem assessment near their relative´s cancer diagnosis, and every 2 months; 2) privileged contact with an
oncology nurse (ON) to further identify and address FC problems; 3) liaison by the ON with the family physician of FCs
reporting high distress (thermometer score ≥ 4/10). FCs completed validated questionnaires every 3 months, up to 9 months.
The primary outcome was distress. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, preparedness to the caregiving role and
perceived burden. Individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of FCs from the experimental group (EG) to
assess the perceived usefulness and relevance of the intervention. Findings: A total of 109 FCs were enrolled from of a single
center specialized in lung cancer, in Quebec, Canada. Compared to baseline level, FC distress decreased over time, but no
difference was found between groups. Similarly, there were no differences on any of the secondary outcomes. However, FCs
from the GE felt better prepared to play their caregiving role than the controls (p=0.05). Ten FCs from the EG were interviewed
and they all considered the intervention useful and relevant, even though they under used it. Knowing they could contact the
ON served as a security net. Conclusion & Significance: Although the intervention was not found effective, some of its aspects
were positively perceived by FCs. Building on these results, an improved intervention may be developed to support FCs in their
role and address their distress, as it remains an important problem.
Recent Publications
1. Girgis A, Lambert SD, McElduff P, Bonevsky B, Lecathelinais C, Boyes A, Stacey F (2013) some things change, some
things stay the same: a longitudinal analysis of cancer caregivers’ unmet supportive care needs. Psycho-Oncol 22(7).
2. Chambers SK, Girgis A, Occhipinti S, Hutchison S, Turner J, Morris B, Dunn J (2012) Psychological distress and
unmet supportive care needs in cancer patients and carers who contact cancer helplines. Eur J Cancer 21(2): 213-223.
3. Bee PE, Barnes P, Luker KA (2009) A systematic review of informal caregivers’ need in providing home based end of
life care to people with cancer. J Clin Nurs; 18(10): 1379-1393.
4. Aubin M, Vézina L, Verreault R, Simard S, Tremblay L, Desbiens JF, Dumont S, Fillion L, Dogba MJ, Gagnon P (2017)
Effectiveness of an intervention to improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with lung cancer: study
protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 18(1): 304.
5. Northouse L, Williams AL, Given B, McCorkle R (2012) Psychosocial care for family caregivers of patients with cancer.
J Clin Oncol 30(11): 1227-1234.
6. Fridriksdorrir N, Saevarsdottir O, Halfdanardottir SI, et al. (2011) Family members of cancer patients: needs, quality
of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Acta oncologica 50: 252-258.
Biography
Michele Aubin is a family physician working in a family medicine teaching unit affiliated to the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval
University, Quebec, (QC), Canada. She is also professor in that department, and she holds the Research Chair of Palliative Care at the Faculty of Medicine, Laval
University. Finally, she is a clinical researcher working in projects related to improvement of primary care and of palliative care services, as well as health services
organization (implementation and evaluation of innovative interventions).
Michele.Aubin@mfa.ulaval.ca

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JOINT EVENT Elham Khalid, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

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The role of social media in health and scientific awareness

Elham Khalid
Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia
S ocial networks or social media are all terms that have made the world as a small village in terms of its impact on the world
of communication, exchanging ideas among people and facilitating the transmission of information and news with others.
There is no doubt how important the social media or the social networks have become in the last years; whether in terms of
their impact on our daily life or our practical life through the exchange of information or the easy way of accessing to it. The
social network websites are one of the most prominent aspects of the modern media that did make a quantum leap in the field
of communication and the transfer of information in a synchronization with the revolution of the Internet that crystallized in
forums, blogs and many of the programs have become one of the most important ways in introducing and knowing the news
and the science such as: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and many more. The social media has been able to impose a itself in the
modern media world as it became a reliable source for many media people and media institutions. And it became a beacon of
interest in public opinion to identify the issues of society where most of the people resort to it to participate, to know about
events and to exchange ideas.
From this point of view I started my career in raising awareness and advising the society by:
1. Making simple lessons and explanations for people in how to maintain teeth at home.
2. Educating people about the ways to maintain children's teeth.
3. Explaining some of the wrong habits that people doesn’t aware of.
4. And so many other important topics with simple explanations
Results: Information is easier to be spread and increasing interaction, participation of members of the community and public
demand for attendance and continuous communication. Ease of expression and freedom of opinions, also breaking barriers
and red lines. It’s eliminating cultural differences between communities, dissemination of ideas that aim to raise the awareness
and the consciousness of people. So our role as dentists is not limited to treatment only. But it begins to intensify efforts to
educate the community about the correct methods of treating teeth and to clarify preventive methods that reduce the diseases
and the problems of the mouth and the teeth. Prevention is the basis of any treatment and the axis from which it starts the spirit
of the profession of a doctor through all the ways that it’s available if it’s digital or else.
Biography
Elham khalid holding a bachelor degree in dentistry. Since she was a student and so much interest in public health, she always investigated the methodologies
for conducting important and updated medical topics to the mass, and so she found her way through social media. With knowledge, time, effort and discipline she
became as consequence an important medical figure in social media mainly in the field of dentistry. Major health sectors (governmental & private) noticed her social
activities, the interest & respond of the public to her statues regarding health and her personal signature in providing the medical information. And so she started to
cover major conferences, updated mass directed dental health topics.
elham.k.140@gmail.com
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August 16-17, 2018 Page 38
JOINT EVENT Rehana B Ahmed et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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ED and CVD in primary care: Are we missing screening and intervention opportunities?
Rehana B Ahmed and David Molony
University of Limerick and University College cork, Ireland
E rectile dysfunction (ED) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) tend to share similar risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes,
smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, the extent of cardiovascular disease has been
shown to have a connection with the prevalence of ED. Early intervention to modify these risk factors may reduce the risk of
future vascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ED and its relationship with coronary artery
disease in a patient population between the ages of 35-75 who received a prescription for erectile dysfunction. We tested the
hypothesis that ED prevalence is related to coronary artery disease, resulting in a cardiac event, such as stroke, myocardial
infarction, or documented ischemic heart disease. The end goal was to determine the connection between erectile dysfunction
and cardiovascular disease and implement those changes into our primary prevention cardiovascular risk program. This study
is a retrospective descriptive study analysing the electronic medical record (EMR) from year 2007 to 2017. A search was done
to identify any patients prescribed Sildenafil, Tadalfil or Vardenafil in the last 10 years. Further analysis of EMR consisted of the
following information at diagnosis and prescription of ED: smoking history, alcohol abuse, BMI to determine if patients were
overweight or obese, Framingham risk score at the beginning of the study and at the end of the ten years was included, Blood
Pressure (BP), total cholesterol and HDL, evidence of established CVD and a diagnosis of diabetes. The average Framingham
at the beginning of the 10 year study was 17% and at the end of the 10 years was 25% which showed a progression of disease
and risk of an 8% increase in 10 years. We determined that ED is a cardiovascular disease rather than a sexual dysfunction.
Hypertension, diabetes and a HDL<1 are all directly correlated with erectile dysfunction, which leaves us with a change in
perspective. It’s time we start to look at ED as a cardiovascular risk factor. There was a statistical significance (p value<0.05) in
patients with a diagnosis of a hypertension, an HDL<1 and in type II diabetics and having established CVD/CAD/IHD. We
have recommended that all patients that have documented ED be screened for CVD.
Biography
Rehana B Ahmed is a General Practitioner from Edmonton, and is currently working in Ireland. She recently qualified with registration of MICGP in Ireland. She has
a strong interest in primary prevention and her main interest in general practice is modifying risk factors rather than treating disease.
rehana.b.ahmed@gmail.com
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August 16-17, 2018 Page 39
JOINT EVENT Omer Amer Elhag Abdalla, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

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Lymphatic malformation
Omer Amer Elhag Abdalla
Gezira University, Sudan
Background: Lymphatic malformation (LM) is rare vascular malformations.

Objective: To define the clinical characteristics of children with (LM) and their management
Methods: We performed a retrospective hospital based cross – sectional study with descriptive & analytic component using
data collection sheets stating the name , age ,gender and residence of the patients . Demographic and clinical features diagnostic
imagining treatment and complications were recorded.
Result: Nine males and eleven females patients with LM were identified .the anatomical location of LM involved the right site
of the neck and the lip more frequently 30% followed by the tongue and check with equal 20% . According to the consistency
soft swelling presented in 11 patients 55% seven patients presented with firm 35%. According to the surface 80% smooth and
4% non smooth .blue and normal skin texture were the most common color 30%,pink 20% red 10% yellowish 10% . Half of
the LM found compressible .according to the shape 75% diffuse in shape 25% rounded the main age was 14.8 (6 months to
49 years ) . Infants and and children were more affected than anther age groups. Adult patients who were exposed to trauma
or radiation may be at risk. Patients treated either by surgery or sclerotherapy. LM causes morbidity and death in one child.
Conclusion: LM is heterogeneous vascular malformations that may result in significant morbidity diagnosis is often delayed.
And cystic hygroma is risk factor for air way obstruction Multidisciplinary approach to management including dermatology,
diagnostic and interventional radiology, paediatric surgery is important.
Biography
Omar Amer Elhag Abdalla is a faculty member of Dentistry department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in University of Gezira. He completed his M.D oral and
maxillofacial surgery in Sudan medical specialization Board 2009. FSAOCMF oral and maxillofacial surgery in Medical University centre, Hamburg, Germany and
BDS in Khartoum University 1997. His research interest includes oral and maxillofacial surgery.
tukar1@yahoo.com
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August 16-17, 2018 Page 40
JOINT EVENT Sara Deroy et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Waminda: Leading the way with aboriginal health worker retention rate
Sara Deroy, Heike Schütze and David Kampers
University of Wollongong, Australia
Introduction: Aboriginal Health Workers are key to prevention efforts for Aboriginal peoples by providing appropriate health
care. Aboriginal Health Workers are often affected by high rates of employment turnover, stress and burnout. Waminda South
Coast Women's Health and Welfare Aboriginal Corporation is leading the way with very high staff retention rates (94%).
Exploring Waminda’s strengths can help provide leadership for other health services.
Methods: Qualitative case study: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with current and past staff (last
5 years) employed as health and wellbeing workers at Waminda. Participants were asked six broad questions exploring what
factors influenced their length of employment at Waminda. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Themes were identified
using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework.
Results: Five main themes were identified. Staff valued: The satisfaction they received by giving back to Community; the
culturally safe working environment; strong relationships with co-workers and management, and trusting relationships with
other service providers allowing for successful collaborations; strong leadership and management from supervisors and the
CEO, and support from counsellors and psychologists; flexible working arrangements, opportunities for further study and role
progression as well as recognition for work performed.
Conclusion: Implementing strategies to reduce staff burnout and turnover is paramount to a healthy workforce and continuity
of patient care. Showcasing exemplar organisations can assist other health services to implement similar effective strategies.
Biography
Sara Deroy is a Public Health Honours student at the University of Wollongong, NSW, and Australia. Sara also works at an Aboriginal Health Service on the south
coast of NSW. Her research interests include health services research in regards to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. She is passionate about closing
the health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and other Australians.
scd230@uowmail.edu.au
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JOINT EVENT Rabia Mahmood Khan, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-008

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Reasons for falling among the elderly and the preventive measures: A public health survey
Rabia Mahmood Khan
Liaquat National Hospital, Pakistan
Background: Our elders are at a high risk of falling within their homes rather than outside homes. To be able to help prevent
falls people need to know what actually causes them and then ways to help reduce the risks. This public survey will help identify
areas we as physicians can highlight in our consultations to educate our public regarding prevention of falls among the elderly.
Method: A questionnaire was administered through the social media (Facebook, email, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger). The
questionnaire investigated knowledge related to falls among the elderly and its prevention at home.
Results: 400 people, 75% of whom belonged to Pakistan and the rest from different parts of the world, participated in the
survey with age ranging from 19 years to >65 years. 43% and 27% respondents were not sure if poor hearing and multiple
medications, respectively, were possible reasons for falls among the elderly. Residents belonging to countries with high income
status were twice as likely to take the elderly for assessment of their mobility problem to a general practitioner, than residents
of Pakistan, who were just as likely to take the elderly to a specialist like orthopedic surgeon, neurologist or a rheumatologist,
than to a general practitioner.
Conclusion: Through the questionnaire, certain knowledge gaps were identified regarding the reasons for falls among the
elderly. It was clear that the public was well aware of prevention of falls within homes, but in case of mobility assessment of the
elderly, the role of general practitioner needs to be highlighted more.
Biography
Rabia Mahmood Khan is a Staff Family Physician and also a Lecturer of Department of Medical Education in Liaquat National Hospital, Pakistan.
rabia.md@gmail.com
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Video Presentations
Page 43
JOINT EVENT Narjes Hoshyari, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

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Morphology and prevalence of C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars in north Iranian
population: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Narjes Hoshyari
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Aim: In order to achieve a successful root canal treatment, it is essential to be familiar with root canal morphology and
anatomy. For this purpose, we investigated the prevalence and morphology of the C-shaped canal in the mandibular second
molar in northern population of Iran using CBCT.
Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, we used CBCT images of 260 patients which were taken in a radiology
center in city of Sari because of diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Root canal images of mandibular second molar were
examined in cross sections of each 1 mm of root canal. We examined the gender of patients and the morphology and prevalence
of C-shaped canal. Teeth with C-shaped canal were classified according to Fan et al. classification and the statistical analysis
was performed using the chi-square Test and T-test.
Results: From the 260 mandibular second molars studied, 30 teeth (11.5%) had C-shaped canals and C1 type was the most
common form among those teeth. In this study, gender had a significant impact on the prevalence of C-shaped canals, so that
women showed a much higher prevalence.
Conclusion: Considering the fact that the prevalence of C-shaped canals among molar teeth in northern population of Iran is
relatively high, it is important for dentists to be familiar with this root canal anatomy and to consider the referral of these cases
to an endodontist.
Biography
Narjes Hoshyari has completed her Graduation as a General Dentist in 2009 and as an Endodontist in 2013 in the School of Dentistry at Tehran University of
Medical Science. She is working as an Assistant Professor in Endodontic Department of Sari Dental School, Mazandaran University of Medical Science from 2013.
She has published several papers in reputed journals. She is a Reviewer of two peer-reviewed scientific journals.
narjeshoshyari@rocketmail.com
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August 16-17, 2018 Page 44
JOINT EVENT Rohit Agrawal, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-005

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Dental implant
Rohit Agrawal
Agrawal Hospital & Research Institute, India
D ental caries and periodontal disease have historically been considered the most important global oral health burdens.
More recent epidemiological data seem to show an increasing trend of tooth loss due to periodontal reasons rather than
caries; the presence of initial attachment loss, bone height and the habit of smoking significantly increase the risk of tooth
mortality. A dental implant is a titanium screw which is placed into bone to replace missing teeth. The implant mimics the root
of a tooth in function. A key advance in dentistry has been the flourishing replacement of lost natural teeth by osseointegrated
implants and the current and future application of implants to support intra- and extra-oral prostheses is a great implication
in restoring dental health.
Biography
Rohit Agrawal completed his Bachelor of Dental surgery (BDS) from MS Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, and Karnataka. His Post Graduation (MDS) in Oral
Medicine and Radiology from People’s College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal and he is a Reader in the Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology
at the Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior. He is a Permanent member in Indian Academy of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indian
Dental Association, international congress of Dento-maxillofacial radiology and also an Affiliate member in “American Dental Association.
rhtagrawal83@gmail.com
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Posters
Page 47
JOINT EVENT Abubaker Elsiddig Talha Mohamed, J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-009

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Assessment of knowledge and attitude of evidence based medicine in medical doctors’ at tertiary
hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan 2018
Abubaker Elsiddig Talha Mohamed
Dar Al Uloom University, Saudi Arabia
E BM is of increasing importance and worldwide usage now-a-days for better medical practice with updated doctors,
data and practice guidelines supported by evidence. This is a non-interventional descriptive study conducted at tertiary
hospitals medical doctors. The aim was to assess knowledge and attitude about evidence based medicine among doctors. To
determine commonest barriers facing their practices to be Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) practice. Data was collected with
self-administered questionnaires which include general practice information, knowledge of EBM, attitude and barriers, also
how to implement EBM in their practice. The study reported that the majority of doctors 55% know EBM, many barriers facing
them from learning and implementing EBM in their practice especially lack of time and lack of knowledge about a reliable
source for evidence. Promoting Evidence based medicine in Sudan by teaching EBM in the medical curriculum and improving
access to summarized reliable evidence.
Biography
Abubaker Elsiddig Talha Mohamed is faculty member of Dar Al Uloom University. He worked as lecturer in University of medical Science and Technology and also
a medical officer at Ministry of Health.
bakritalha@gmail.com
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JOINT EVENT Khawla Abu Hammour et al., J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126-C1-009

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An exploration of parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the use of antibiotics in
childhood upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Jordanian hospital
Khawla Abu Hammour, Mariam Abdel Jalil and Walid Abu Hammour
University of Jordan, Jordan
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use of
antibiotics for childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), at the Jordanian University Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. During the study period, 1301 parents of young children completed a validated –
structured questionnaire.
Results: Gaps in common knowledge related to antibiotics and their use were noted among participants. Nearly half of
respondents believed that antibiotics are void from adverse effects, while 72.4% of them believed that a child should be given
an antibiotic if it develops fever, even though 60% of them were aware that most URTIs were viral in nature. Parents reported
that they administered antibiotics to children without medical advice most of the time for various causes, including using a
previously prescribed antibiotic for a similar illness (27.1%), or based on pharmacist's recommendation (23.8%).
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the need for educational interventions to increase the awareness of parents about
antibiotics to reduce inappropriate use and its consequences.
Biography
Khawla Abu-Hammour currently an assistant professor in the Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy at the School of Pharmacy, University of
Jordan. She obtained her PhD degree from Queen's University Belfast (QUB)/the United Kingdom in 2012 under the supervision of professor Carmel Hughes. She
finished her undergraduate degree in Pharmacy from the University of Jordan with excellent grade and master degree in clinical pharmacy from the same university.
Her research interest is employing research in improving the clinical practice at the hospital settingand in the community pharmacies in Jordan and areas of drug
safety such as pharmacovigilance, drug therapy problems, and medications reconciliations. Other research interests involve clinical pharmacy, pharmacy practice,
adherence to medications/ compliance with guidelines, medication errors.
k.hammour@ju.edu.jo
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e-Posters
Page 51
JOINT EVENT Mirian M Dang, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-006

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An eight-year systematic review of restoration techniques: Incremental versus bulk filling

Mirian M Dang
Smiles Initiative, Canada
T he purpose of this systematic review was to examine the marginal discoloration and adaptation in incremental layering
or bulk fill associated posterior composite resin restorations in adult patients. The fracture risk and the postoperative
sensitivity risk were also systematically reviewed. A comprehensive search spanning 1994 to March 2018 was performed
in PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Web of Science and SIGLE without restrictions. The abstracts
of the annual conference of the IADR (1994-2018) were searched. Dissertations and theses were searched via the ProQuest
Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses Databases. After the removal of duplicates and the reading of title and abstracts, a
total of 12 articles were included in the analysis. Randomized clinical trials were included which compared incremental layering
and bulk fill of posterior composite resin restorations of cavities in patients age 22-51 years old. The random effects statistical
model and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias were used. Of the 12 articles that were analyzed, nine
studies were deemed an unclear risk of bias, and three studies were assessed to be at low risk of bias. There was no evidence of
differences between bulk fill and incremental layering observed in any of the study follow-ups for fracture risks, postoperative
sensitivity and marginal adaptation and discoloration (p=0.08). In conclusion, postoperative sensitivity is not influenced by
bulk fill and incremental layering for up to six weeks in posterior composite resin restorations. Marginal discrepancies and risk
of fractures are not influenced until eight years of evaluation.
Biography
Mirian M Dang has completed her BSc Hons at York University. She is the Founder and President of Smiles Initiative, a non-profit organization dedicated to
advocating healthy oral routines and rising funds to assemble and distribute dental kits to vulnerable communities. She has designed and delivered programs
ranging from informal workshops to hosting formal events such as the 2017 Annual Dental Health Fair.
mirian.dang@gmail.com

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August 16-17, 2018 Page 52
JOINT EVENT Stanley C Onwubu, J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-006

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A novel application of nano eggshell/titanium dioxide composite on occluding dentine tubules: An in

vitro study
Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu
Durban University of Technology, South Africa
T he present study is the report of the remineralization potential of a novel eggshell-titanium dioxide (EB-TiO2) composite
in occluding opened dentine tubules. EB-TiO2 was synthesized through balling milling process. Nine prepared dentine
tooth were treated with EB-TiO2. The dentine tooth was agitated in 1wt% citric acid for 30 min to simulate sensitive tooth. Each
specimen was then subjected to remineralization protocol. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the
dentine surfaces pre-post-treatment and post-acid exposure. In addition energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze
the elemental composition of the occluded tubules. Notable differences were observed in the remineralization characteristics
pre-post-treatment. The SEM images show that EB-TiO2 effectively occluded the tubules. The occluded tubules in the EB-TiO2
samples remain intact post acidic exposure. The EDX results revealed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon and
titanium in the occluded tubules. The salient features of this study suggest that EB-TiO2 can effectively remineralise exposed
dentine tubules while remaining effective in acidic environment.
Biography
Stanley C Onwubu has completed his Graduation and his Masters at the Durban University of Technology in 2016. He is currently pursuing his PhD at Durban
University of Technology. He has published articles and book chapters in reputed journals. He has passion in the development of new dental materials from recycled
materials. He has previously worked on a new abrasive material using waste eggshells for polishing poly methyl methacrylate resin dentures. His current doctoral
research focuses on remineralization of damaged teeth using nano-sized titanium dioxide modified eggshell powder with a view of developing a mathematical
model to predict dentine remineralization.
profstan4christ@yahoo.com
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Accepted Abstracts
Page 55
JOINT EVENT J Dent Craniofac Res 2018, Volume 3
DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-006

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Diagnosis, nonsurgical and surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea

James D Bates
Texas Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dallas, USA
S leep-disordered breathing is a hot topic in dentistry and medicine today. Dentists are in a unique position to screen for,
diagnose and treat their patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition
which can result in hypertension, congestive heart failure and even death. This presentation will cover the screening, diagnosis
and contemporary management of sleep-disordered breathing in a comprehensive format, both for the general restorative
dentist, the orthodontist and the oral and maxillofacial surgical specialists. From the medical history and clinical examination,
to radiographic and diagnostic imaging ﬁndings, to a detailed discussion of the clinical polysomnogram and sleep medicine
consultation referral, to mandibular advancement oral appliance therapy and CPAP therapy, to upper airway surgery including
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), laser-assisted uvuloplasty (LAUP), nasal septoplasty, inferior turbinectomy, tonsillectomy
and adenoidectomy, radiofrequency tongue and soft palate ablation, to maxillomandibular advancement and genioglossus
advancement, to tongue and hyoid suspension, this presentation will provide direct and practical real life ways to improve the
health and prolong the life of your patients with maximal fulﬁlment in return.
info@texasoms.com
Study of effect of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-iodine (PVP-I) 2% as an anti-oedematous agent in third molar

surgery
Kanwaldeep Singh Soodan
M M University, India
A single blind randomized control trial was carried out on 50 healthy outpatients who required surgical removal of
mandibular third molars under local anesthesia were selected. The patients were divided into two groups (n=25), the
treatment (PVP-I) and control group (normal saline). The treatment group patients were irrigated using PVP-I 2% (w/v)
(Betadine, Win- Medicare, India) during bone guttering and tooth sectioning. The control group patients were irrigated with
saline (sodium chloride 0.9%, w/v; parental drugs, India) only. Procedures that exceeded more than one hour were excluded
from the study. Using Pedersen difficulty index, patients with moderately difficulty index were chosen. All parameters for
swelling were recorded preoperatively, on the first, second and seventh postoperative days for both procedures. The data were
statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0) software. Independent t-test was applied for operative time in minutes and the
two groups matched (p>0.05) for operative time. For change in swelling, T-tests was applied and we found increase in swelling
in saline group which was highly significant for change from preoperative to day two (p=.005) and from preoperative to day
seven (p-value<.001). Mean for Pedersen index for Betadine and saline group was found out to be same (P=1). PVP-I 2% was
found out to be significantly reducing swelling as compared to saline suggesting that it acts as an anti-oedematous agent in
mandibular third molar surgery.
dr.kanwal@rediffmail.com

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DOI: 10.21767/2576-392X-C2-006

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Substance use and misuse by high-risk adolescents: A vulnerability evaluation

Azmina Hussain1, Sidra Zaheer1 and Kashif Shafique1,2
1
Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
2
University of Glasgow, UK
Background: Both 600 million consuming betel quid (BQ) and growing smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in South Asian countries
are mounting public health concern. This substance consumption is proven risk factor for oral cancer. Adolescents formulate
high-risk group for its use as habit commences at an age as early as 13 years. We aimed to observe determinants of SLT and/or
BQ use to identify the fundamental influencers of its consumption in adolescents.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 2140 adolescents of secondary schools of Karachi, Pakistan. SLT and/or BQ
consumption was the main outcome variable. After adjusting for other determinants, both univariate and multivariate binary
logistic analyses were used to report outcome as both crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The p-value
was set to be significant at <0.05 for all analyses.
Results: The overall use prevalence of SLT and/or BQ consumption was 42.6% (n=912). There were more male users than
females. A substantial percentage of users (61.2%) were from co-education schools. Students whose peers used SLT and/
or BQ were six times more likely to use them (OR=6.79, 95% CI 4.67–9.87, p-value<0.001). The use of SLT and/or BQ by
parents made adolescents’ use more probable (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.73–2.65, p-value<0.001). Students who never attended any
awareness session regarding the harmful effects of SLT and/or BQ were more likely users. The availability of these products
with outside hawkers increased the odds of it use by six times amongst youth.
Conclusion: The use of SLT and/or BQ use by peers and parents, students studying in co-education, lack of awareness sessions
based on deleterious effects of the product and the easy access to the product from outside school hawkers, all play positive
contributing role towards increased risk of SLT and/or BQ use in high-risk youth.
Azmina.hussain@duhs.edu.pk
The association between oral health behavior reports and clinical measurement among Iranian
adolescents
Imaneh Asgari
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
O ne of the most common studies in oral health is evaluating the oral hygiene behaviors including daily self-care. Although
the best way for assessing oral hygiene is measuring plaque and calculus indices, many studies are based on individual
reports. In current study, the relation between the common self-care behaviors and plaque index plus diagnostic values of self-
reported tool are evaluated. For this cross-sectional study, we examined 260 students 13 to 15 year-old of Isfahan female's high
school, by two-stage randomized sampling. The common tool for oral health behavior was disseminated among both students
and their parents. Thereafter a calibrated-examiner assessed dental plaque by 'Sillness and Loe' index. After transformation the
responses to binary variables, sensitivity and specificity of self-reported tools was measured in according to the clinical plaque
index. The association between 'plaque index' and self-reported brushing frequency was significant (Pv=0.017). Mean 'plaque
index' has a significant difference in various groups of parents report on brushing and flossing (Pv respectively: 0.001, 0.005).
Sensitivity and specificity of students and parents reports about brushing were about 35% and 83%. Moderate PPV (71%) and
low NPV (52%) was achieved. Parents report on flossing was highly sensitive (85%) and low specific (26%). Findings of this
study showed unfavorable self and parent reports about brushing is highly presenting weak plaque index. Also whenever the
parents report good flossing habits, it is reliable as good plaque index.
asgari_i@yahoo.com

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JOINT EVENT J Gen Pract 2018, Volume 6
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Implementation and evaluation of a peer review process for advanced practice providers in a university
hospital setting
Elizabeth Gall, Shelly K Bergum, Talitha Canaan, Christi Delemos, Elizabeth Funke Gall, Bonnie McCracken, Dave Rowen, Steve Salvemini and
Kimberly Wiens
UC Davis Medical Center, USA
Statement of the Problem: Over the past decade, implementation of the peer review process for the development of the
advanced practice provider (APP) has been emphasized. However, little exists in the literature regarding APN peer review. The
peer review process is intended to help demonstrate competency of care, enhance quality improvement measures, and foster
the professional growth of the APN.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: APP’s serving on a professional governance council within a university teaching
hospital developed a model of peer review for APPs. Nine months after the tool was implemented, an anonymous follow up
survey was conducted. A follow up request was sent four weeks later to increase the number of respondents. Likert scales were
used to elicit subjective data regarding the process.
Results: Survey results show that the peer review process affected APP professional practice positively. Additional research
might include pathways for remediation and education of staff, evaluation of alternate methods to improve application to clinical
practice and collection of outcome data. The models presented provide a foundation for future refinement to accommodate
different APP practice settings. As a result of the wide variation of peer review experiences encountered during our peer review
process as well as the different APP practice environments and backgrounds, it would be useful for APPs to share peer review
best practices in a more formal setting on a regular basis, such as at regional or national APP conferences and meetings.
Conclusion & Significance: Of 81 APPs who participated in the survey, more than half (52%) felt that the process would
directly improve their professional practice.
egall@ucdavis.edu

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Role of dentist in detection and reporting child abuse and neglect

Marwa Sabry
Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
Background & Aim: Child abuse and neglect is a very serious problem that has long consequences for those involved and for
society in general. Dental professionals are in an exceptional position to identify and report these cases. Statistics of previous
studies revealed that only one percent of dentists reported suspected cases. Aims of the study are to help dentists to learn about
their ethical responsibilities and legal obligation toward child abuse cases and how to detect and report them.
Methods: This study will demonstrate types and consequences of child abuse and neglect and the prevalence worldwide. In
addition, ethical and legal concerns of different health care organizations related to dentists’ are reporting suspected cases. Oral
symptoms of child abuse and neglect will be discussed and classified according to the type: physical abuse, sexual abuse and
neglect. Physical abuse may results in lacerations of tongue, oral mucosa, palate, gingiva alveolar mucosa or frenum; fractured,
displaced, or avulsed teeth; facial bone and jaw fractures; burns; or other injuries. Sexual abuse may represents significant oral
manifestations as oral and perioral gonorrhoea, unexplained erythema or petechiae of the palate, particularly at the junction
of the hard and soft palate, pseudomembranous and condylomatous lesions of lips, tongue, palate and nose-pharynx. Dental
neglect is detected by untreated early Childhood Caries, odontogenous infection or pain, periodontal diseases.
Conclusion: Child abuse and neglect can be prevented by dentist’s awareness about their roles of reporting these cases and
strengthen their abilities to detect them in early stage.
dr.marwasabry7@gmail.com
The relationship between oral lichen planus and blood group antigens
Maryam Moshaverinia
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
T he aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral lichen planus and ABO blood group and Rh system in
patients referred to Shiraz dental school. This study was a cross sectional-descriptive study. 50 patients with oral lichen
planus that knew their type of blood groups and Rh system participated in this study. The disease was diagnosed by clinical
trial in reticulo-popular form and both clinical and histopathology exam in erythematous and atrophic forms to diagnose the
lesions. Finally, the type of oral lichen planus, type of blood groups and the type of Rh system were recorded for each subject.
Results revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between ABO blood groups and oral lichen planus disease,
also no significant relationship is seen between Rh system and this disease. In conclusions, according to the results, ABO blood
groups and Rh system are not risk factor for oral lichen planus.
m.moshaverinia@gmail.com

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National governments collaborating to improve the health and well-being of migrants and refugees
Paul Douglas
International Organization for Migration, Switzerland
Statement of the Problem: The nature of migration is rapidly changing. It is more complex and multidirectional than ever
before, raising implications for global public health where population movements serve as a bridge for passage of disease
between countries and the management of these risks. Undiagnosed, misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed conditions can affect
migrants’ health before travel and delivery of services after arrival. Existing approaches to manage these risks have not always
kept pace with growing challenges associated with volume and complexity of modern migration patterns. Many governments
across the globe assess the health of migrants prior to travel through pre-migration health assessments (PMHA) undertaken
by panels of local health professionals in countries of origin, mainly working in primary health care. The convergence of more
rigorous international protocols across governments presents a unique opportunity to indirectly contribute to meeting global
health elimination agendas.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This presentation outlines how collaboration between governments of Australia,
Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States of America have improved pre-migration health screening in
primary health through information sharing, collaborative learning and increased capability in countries of origin, to not only
screen for illness and disability, but to more effectively put measures in place to address these before, during and after arrival.
We reviewed current screening and treatment protocols of all countries to identify areas of collaboration and synergies that
may lead to benefits in health outcomes and integration post-arrival and explore post arrival programs that assist well-being.
Findings: Through comprehensive training of primary health providers, increased capacity of diagnostics and immunization,
standardized screening and treatment protocols, health assessments were found to be an effective way of identifying disease
to initiate early treatment and improve settlement. Improved, synergized screening protocols across governments enable local
family physicians to meet the public health standards of receiving countries, while maximizing program effectiveness through
capacity building and delivering the highest standards in host countries.
Conclusion & Significance: Many of these issues cannot be solved by one country alone, and key learning’s and resources can
be leveraged by working together to address our common challenges. International collaboration between countries, through
shared learning and resources for improved health outcomes, helps to understand and respond to migration health issues.
pdouglas@iom.int

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Who do i see when i’m sick?

Herring B, Welman T and Ala A
Grafton Medical Practice, UK
Statement of the Problem: In an already overstretched health service, it is getting ever more important to make sure that
healthcare encounters are rationed appropriately. Unnecessary appointments waste valuable GP consultations and increase
waiting times for patients in need. This in turn puts pressure on emergency departments when patients use the service to get
access to a doctor when no accident or emergency has occurred.
Methodology: 120 GP appointments over a one-week period were analysed to identify whether the presenting complaint
was appropriate to be booked in to see a GP or whether the patient would be better served by an appointment with a different
healthcare professional
Findings: Of the 120 GP consultations only 67% were deemed appropriate. Of the remainder, 33% could have self-cared with
the suitable information, 33% could have been managed by the practice nurse, 22% could have been seen under the community
pharmacy minor ailments scheme and 12% could have seen the in-house practice pharmacist. One in three patients did not
need to be seen by a doctor
Implementing Change: A patient leaflet was designed detailing common conditions and the most suitable healthcare
professional to see. A traffic light system was used that ranged from ‘green’ (self-care) diagnoses, through conditions needing
pharmacy, nursing or GP care, to ‘red’ emergencies as well as extra information on certain conditions and local services. These
leaflets were available at the reception in the GP practice and given out at all consultations. Posters and information leaflets
were also developed for reception staff to aid telephone triage to the most appropriate healthcare professional when taking
bookings from patients.
Leaflets have been given out at all appointments at Grafton Medical Partners, which has a total of nearly 40,000 patients.
Bethan.herring@nhs.net

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Who clinical relevant polymorphisms affecting clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics:

insights from the puerto rico newborn screening program
Héctor J Nuñez-Medina, Dagmar F Hernandez-Suarez, Angelica Cuevas, Anyelis N Rosario-Berrios, Nannette Rivera, Jennifer Liriano, Dariana
Padilla-Arroyo, Jorge Duconge, Rocio K Vega-Roman, Jessicca Y Renta and Kyle Melin
University of Puerto Rico Medicine Sciences Campus, USA
Aim: Variations in several clopidogrel pharmacogenes have been linked to clopidogrel response variability and clinical
outcomes. We aimed to determine the frequency distribution of major polymorphisms on CYP2C19, PON1, ABCB1 and
P2RY12 pharmacogenes in Puerto Ricans.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population based study of 200 unrelated Guthrie cards specimens from newborns
registered in the Puerto Rican Newborn Screening Program (PRNSP) between 2004 and 2014. TaqMan® SNP assay techniques
were used for genotyping.
Results: Minor Allele Frequencies (MAF) were 46% for PON1 (rs662), 41% for ABCB1 (rs1045642), 14% for CYP2C19*17,
13% for CYP2C19*2, 12% for P2RY12-H2 and 0.3% for CYP2C19*4. No carriers of the CYP2C19*3 variants were detected.
All alleles and genotype proportions were found to be in Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Overall, there were no
significant differences between MAFs of these variants in Puerto Ricans and the general population (n=453) of the 1000
genome project, except when comparisons to each individual parental group were performed (i.e., Africans, Europeans and
East-Asians; p<0.05). As expected, the prevalence of these markers in Puerto Ricans most resembled those in the 181 subjects
from reference populations of the Americans.
Conclusions: These prevalence data provide a necessary groundwork for future clinical studies of clopidogrel pharmacogenetics
in Caribbean Hispanics.
hector.nunez@gmial.com

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Detecting non-adherence to antenatal antiretroviral therapy in primary health care facilities with
limited resources
Admirabilis Kalolella
Ifakara health institute, Tanzania
Introduction & Objective: Tanzania is implementing ARV triple therapy for life; Zidovudine+Lamivudine +Nevirapine /
Nelfinavir among pregnant women with HIV to prevent transmission from mother to child. The regime is now faced with
the challenges of non- adherence, while the current method to detect non-adherence, the laboratory detection of viral load
invisible to our primary health care services with inadequate laboratory facilities. There is need for clinical indicator tool to
detect non-adherence. The objective of this study was to describe and establish opportunistic infections (OIs) clinical symptoms
as indicators of detecting non-adherence to ARV triple therapy among HIV positive pregnant women.
Method: The cross section descriptive method, using medical assessment and self report questionnaire was used to identify
most common OIs clinical symptoms among pregnant women receiving ARV therapy during antenatal period in Dar es
Salaam Tanzania.
Results: Among 105 participants, 63(60%) of them developed either early AIDS, WHO clinical stages 1 and 2 OIs symptoms
or late symptoms, WHO clinical stages 3 and 4, while 42(40%) did not. The most common OIs early stage symptoms, results of
non-adherence are; frequently fatigue 46(43.8%), persistent profuse night sweats 43(40.9%), persistent muscle aches 41(39%),
and unexplained recurring fever 39(37.1%), while the late stage symptoms; extreme and unexplained tiredness 43(40.9%),
recurrent severe pneumonia 37(35.2%), recurring fever with profuse night sweats 33(31.4%) and unexplained rapid weight loss
>10% 27(25.7%). The women aged 26-40 years are likely to non-adherence compared to other age groups. Women living with
their partners are more non-adherent compared to these living without partners.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of pregnant women receiving ARV are non-adherents to their treatment. The most
common OIs clinical symptoms represent non-adherence indicators during antenatal ARV therapy. Clinicians can use these
OIs symptoms as clinical diagnosis of non-adherence to ARV treatment regime for further actions.
kalolella@hotmail.com

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Recent advances in smart materials and its applications in pediatric dentistry

Mohamed Saber Ibrahim Elsherbini
Asyut University College of Dentistry, Egypt
T he recent technologies for life time efficiency and improved reliability include the use of smart materials and structures.
Smart materials are materials that are able to be altered by stimuli and transform back into the original state after removing
the stimuli. Smart materials are being used, and are continually being developed, for medical, defensive and industrial purposes.
The recent advances in the design of smart materials have created novel opportunities for their applications in bio-medical fields.
One of the important applications is dental restoratives. Smart materials support the remaining tooth structure to the extent
that more conservative cavity preparation can be carried out. These dental materials may be altered in a controlled fashion by
stimulus such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic field. Some of these are biomimetic in nature as their
properties mimic natural tooth substance such as enamel or dentin. Such smart materials include smart composite, smart
ceramics, compomers, resin modified glass ionomer, pit and fissure sealants etc. This presentation attempts to highlight the use
of smart materials in pediatric dentistry to get maximum advantage by restorations in dentistry. The benefit for the patient and
the quality of dental therapy will undergo a significant improvement if such materials are developed and introduced.
dr_saber1@hotmail.com
Different storage media for avulsed teeth: A literature review

Narjes Hoshyari
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Avulsion is complete displacement of tooth from its alveolar socket. And immediate replantation is the best choice at the site
of accident. If this isn’t possible; it’s better to maintain it in a storage medium. The storage media keeps periodontal cells with
less damage to be able to regenerate and attach and to prevent root resorption. The medium that can be selected as a storage
medium should have adequate osmolality, appropriate pH, and nutritional metabolites without bacterial content availability
and fair price. In the literature, HBSS (as gold standard) natural products such as water, aloe vera, propolis, pomegranate
juice, coconut juice, green tea, white egg, milk (high- medium-low fat milk, butter milk, soy milk, probiotic milk, whole milk,
pasteurized milk, skim milk and milk-egg white mixture), rehydration solutions such as ringer lactate serum, cell culture
medium such as eagle culture medium or EMT, medical media used for maintaining organs such as via span, commercial
media such as GC tooth mousses, growth factor treatment and laser irradiation before tooth replantation are named. Due to
study limitations and heterogeneous data, there is nothing to be determined as an ideal medium.
narjeshoshyari@rocketmail.com

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A time series analysis of the effects of financial incentives and mandatory clinical applications as
interventions to improve spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting by hospital medical staff in china
Yun Lu
China Pharmaceutical University, China
S pontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the most commonly method used in pharmacovigilance.
However, one of its main limitations is under-reporting, which decreases sensitivity, delay detection of new ADRs, and
make the system sensitive to selective reporting. Several studies showed that using a small economic inducement was associated
with an increase in reported ADRs. At the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province (China), we
have been developing and running a pharmacovigilance programme (PhVP) since 2006. This PhVP records ADRs identified
by a systematic and daily review of hospital admission diagnoses and cases of ADRs spontaneously reported by physicians.
Starting in 2009, a bonus of 20 RMB (Chinese currency) was given for each spontaneous ADR report, and a fine of 50 RMB
was given for any withheld ADR report. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of this financial
intervention for improving spontaneous reporting of ADRs by physicians in a hospital setting .A time series analysis using
autoregressive integrated moving average models was performed to assess the changes in the total number of spontaneous
ADR reports between the pre intervention period (2006‐2008) and during the first (2009‐2011) and second (2012‐2014)
intervention periods .The median number of reported ADRs per year increased from 29 in the pre intervention period to
277 in the first intervention period and to 666 in the second . The monthly number of reported ADRs was stable during the 3
periods: 3.56 ± 3.60/month (95% (CI), 2.42‐4.75) during the pre-intervention period, 21 ± 13/month (95% CI, 16.97‐25.80) in
the first intervention period, and 56 ± 20/month (95% CI, 48.81‐62.17) in the second intervention period. The final research
results show that a financial incentive and ADR management regulations had a significant effect on the increase of reported
ADRs.
luyun20159@163.com
Lifestyle index for mortality prediction using multiple ageing cohorts in the USA, UK and Europe
Jing Liao1,2 , Graciela Muniz-Terrera3, Shaun Scholes3, Yuantao Hao1,2 and Yu-ming Chen1
1
Sun Yat-sen University, China
2
University of Edinburgh, Scotland
3
University College London, London
C urrent mortality prediction indexes are mainly based on functional morbidity and comorbidity, with limited information
for risk prevention. This study aimed to develop and validate a modifiable lifestyle-based mortality predication index
for older adults. Data from 51,688 participants (56% women) aged ≥50 years in 2002 Health and Retirement Study, 2002
English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and 2004 Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used to estimate
coefficients of the index with cohort-stratified Cox regression. Models were validated across studies and compared to the
Lee index (having comorbid and morbidity predictors). Over an average of 11-year follow-up, 10,240 participants died. The
lifestyle index includes smoking, drinking, exercising, sleep quality, BMI, sex and age; showing adequate model performance in
internal validation (C-statistic 0.79; D-statistic 1.94; calibration-slope 1.13) and in all combinations of internal-external cross-
validation. It outperformed Lee index (e.g. differences in C-statistic=0.01, D-statistic=0.17, P<0.001) consistently across health
status. The lifestyle index stratified participants into varying mortality risk groups, with those in the top quintile having 13.5%
excess absolute mortality risk over 10 years than those in the bottom 50th centile. Our lifestyle index with easy-assessable
behavioral factors and improved generalizability may maximize its usability for personalized risk management.
chenyum@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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Determination of patient dose and evaluation of ionizing radiation risk from CBCT
Mojdeh Mehdizadeh
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Objective: Although the advanced imaging procedures providing additional information may cause higher radiation doses
to the patient. Although dental radiology is a low-dose technique, with the introduction of volumetric and 3D techniques,
this claim has changed. Patient dose in CBCT is lower than conventional and multi-slice CT scan; however this low dose has
the hazards of ionizing radiation. As the application of the CBCT is increasing in dental radiology and the department with
this equipment is developing, determination of patient dose and evaluation of ionizing radiation risk from CBCT seems to be
necessary. In this study the eyes, thyroid and parotid glands doses in CRANEX® 3D dental CBCT examination and panoramic
has compared.
Methods: In this study the eyes, thyroid and parotid glands doses has calculated in panoramic and dental CBCT imaging
using practical measurement method. Used equipment is: CRANEX® 3D dental CBCT and panoramic device (Soredex,
Tuusula, Finland) ،SOLARO 2A TLD reader and a GR 200 TLD. TLDs were calibrated in individual and batch steps before
measurement. A number of 35 patients for panoramic and 39 patients for CBCT examination being the case of maxillofacial
imaging were evaluated. For any patients 5 TLDs as a pair in the back of eyelid, a pair 2 cm in front of small anterior ear
cartilage and one on neck bumps skin were placed and after imaging removed and were reading. The average absorbed dose
was calculated for comparison of different organ doses in two examinations.
Results: The results in this study show that in CRANEX® 3D panoramic examination, right eye with 0.00203±0.00022 cGy
has the lowest and right parotid with 0.0283±0.0053 cGy has the highest mean dose. Also in CBCT examination, the highest
mean dose is for right parotid (0.465±0.078) and the lowest is for left eye (0.0311±0.004).Mean absorbed dose for eyes, parotid
and thyroid in panoramic respectively is equal to 0.0022±0.00029, 0.027±0.0051, 0.0027±0.0002 and in CBCT is 0.033±0.005,
0.441±0.074, 0.0389±0.0051.
Conclusion: The absorbed dose difference in two examinations for all organs was meaningful (p˂0.001).Because wider beam
(cone beam) and higher exposure factors in CBCT, organs dose in this examination is higher than panoramic (more than
10times). In both examinations, parotid glands receive higher dose due to irradiated whit primary beam. Maxillary CBCT is
result in more eyes and parotid dose, but thyroid dose in mandibular CBCT is 4.5 times the maxillary scan, as in this scan head
position and beam set so that the thyroid received higher exposure rather than maxillary scan.
mehdizadeh@dnt.mui.ac.ir
Endocrown: A new trend in digital dentistry

Safoura Ghodsi and Sasan Rasaeipour
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
P rosthetic treatment of endodontically treated teeth has challenged the dentists for years. The reduced strength of these teeth
accompanied by consequences of available treatment modalities, make complicated situations. Proposed in 1999 by Bindl
and Mörmann as an alternative to the post-and-core supported crown, the endocrown is a one-piece ceramic construction
that is minimally invasive of root canals. Following the sound principals, it could be a reliable and acceptable treatment option.
The purpose of this lecture is to describe the indications, advantages and preparation guidelines for endocrown as well as the
materials used to achieve a reliable and durable result that will be described by step-by-step procedure on the patient.
safura_gh82@yahoo.com

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The effectiveness of a routine versus an extensive laboratory analysis in the diagnosis of anemia in
general practice
Annemarie Schop, M M A Kip, K Stouten, S Dekker, J Riedl, R J van Houten, J van Rosmalen, G-J Dinant, M J I Jzerman, H Koffijberg, P J E Bindels, R
Kusters and M-D Levin
Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Netherlands
Background: We investigated the percentage of patients diagnosed with the correct underlying cause of anemia by general
practitioners when using an extensive versus a routine laboratory work-up.
Methods: An online survey was distributed among 836 general practitioners. The survey consisted of six cases, selected
from an existing cohort of anemia patients (n=3325). In three cases, general practitioners were asked to select the laboratory
tests for further diagnostic examination from a list of 14 parameters (i.e. routine work-up). In the other three cases, general
practitioners were presented with all 14 laboratory test results available (i.e. extensive work-up). General practitioners were
asked to determine the underlying cause of anemia in all six cases based on the test results, and these answers were compared
with the answers of an expert panel.
Results: A total of 139 general practitioners (partly) responded to the survey (17%). The general practitioners were able to
determine the underlying cause of anemia in 53% of cases based on the routine work-up, whereas 62% of cases could be
diagnosed using an extensive work-up (p=0.007). In addition, the probability of a correct diagnosis decreased with the patient’s
age and was also affected by the underlying cause itself, with anemia of chronic disease being hardest to diagnose (p=0.003).
Conclusion: the use of an extensive laboratory work-up in patients with newly diagnosed anemia is expected to increase
the percentage of correct underlying causes established by general practitioners. Since the underlying cause can still not be
established in 31% of anemia patients, further research is necessary.
a.schop2@asz.nl

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Knowledge and behavior of Saudi female university students towards self-medication

Hanan Alahmed, Eman M Almussaed and Shereen Younes
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, KSA
Background: Self-medication is considered a fairly common practice worldwide. A recent study in the UK showed that an
estimated of 20% of the population choose to self-diagnose themselves versus seeking medical advice. It has a harmful side,
since it might lead to wasting of resources, development resistance, drugs reactions or dependency, misdiagnosis, accidental
overdoses and addiction development.
Objectives & Methods: To estimate prevalence of self-medication among university students, determine the population
background, assess the most common symptoms and most commonly used drug categories and analyze the population
experience with self-medication and health care services. Cross-sectional based study conducted to university students aged
18-26 through a self administered questionnaire to collect the data from all college students with no exception over six months.
Results: A total sample size of 500 students, their mean age was from 25-21, most of them were from science faculty 191
(38.8%), bachelor level of education was the most 416 (83.2%), single students made the mass of the study 461 (92.2%). A 413
(82.6%) of total 500 have tried self-medication, 189(37.8%) choose drugs, most common used was Analgesic 227(45.4%), the
most frequent symptoms was stomach pain and headache 150 (30%), 145 (29%) took the medication from their relatives, there
was illness improvement among most of them 363 (72.6%), while least 21(4.2%) went to ER due to it. Most of the responses
regarding health care system were positive.
Conclusion: We found that self-medication practice is highly prevalent in our university, even though most results of their
treatment was improving, the 4% who went to ER is enough indicator that this act is dangerous and thus we need to do more
awareness activities regarding it.
hanan2294@gmail.com
Hepatitis c virus testing and treatment among persons receiving buprenorphine in an office-based
program for opioid use disorders in Nigeria
Adeyemi A Abati
University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
In Nigeria, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is primarily spread through injection drug use. There is an urgent need to
improve access to care for HCV among persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs. The purpose of our study was to
determine the prevalence of HCV, patient characteristics, and receipt of appropriate care in a sample of patients treated with
buprenorphine for their opioid use disorders in a primary care setting. This study used retrospective clinical data from the
electronic medical record. the study population included patients receiving buprenorphine in the office based opioid treatment
(OBOT) clinic within the adult primary medicine clinic at Lagos medical center between October 2008 and august 2015 who
received a conclusive HCV Antibody AB test within A year of clinic entry. We compared characteristics by HCV serostatus
using Pearson’s chi-square and provided numbers/percentages receiving appropriate care. The sample comprised 300 patients.
Slightly less than half of all patients (N = 134, 27.7%) were HCV AB positive, and were significantly more likely to be older
Hausas and Yoruba’s, have diagnoses of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bipolar disorder, have prior heroin or
cocaine use, and be Hi V- infected. among the 134 HCV AB Positive Patients, 126 (67.7%) had detectable HCV Ribonucleic
Acid (RNA) indicating chronic HCV Infection; only 8 patients (2.21%) with chronic HCV infection ever initiated treatment.
Nearly half of patients (47.7%) receiving office-based treatment with buprenorphine for their opioid use disorder had a positive
Hepatitis C virus antibody screening test, although initiation of HCV treatment was nearly non- existent (2.21%).
abati_adeyemi@yahoo.com

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JOINT EVENT

&
INDEX
Abubaker Elsiddig Talha Malgorzata Pihut 12
48
Mohamed Malgorzata Pihut 29
Elham Khalid 38
Michele Aubin 37
Ewa Ferendiuk 18
Mirian M Dang 52
Ewa Ferendiuk 34
Muna Kilani 35
George Jones 19
Narjes Hoshyari 44
Grant S Nolan 22
Omer Amer Elhag Abdalla 40
John Malaty 23
Omid Tavakol 36
John Malaty 28
Rabia Mahmood Khan 42
Jorgen Lous 24
Rehana B Ahmed 39
Jorgen Lous 26
Rohit Agrawal 45
Katharina Schmalstieg-
11 Rosa Tarrago Gil 14
Bahr
Sara Deroy 41
Khawla Abu Hammour 49
Selcuk Mistik 10
Luckson Wandani Dullie 21
Selcuk Mistik 25
Magdalena Orczykowska 17
Stanley C Onwubu 53
Magdalena Orczykowska 33

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Bookmark your dates
General Practice and Primary Care

April 15-16, 2019 Berlin, Germany
E-mail: generalpractice@healthcarespeakerexperts.org Website: generalpractice.conferenceseries.com

Dentistry and Dental Practice
January 28-29, 2019 Barcelona, Spain
E-mail: dentalpractice@euroannualsummit.com Website: dentalconference.euroscicon.com

24th International Conference On Dental Public Health & Dental Hygiene

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24th International Conference On Dental Public Health & Dental Hygiene

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JOINT EVENT

August 2018 | Volume 6

August 2018 | Volume 3

3rd International Conference on

DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

August 16-17, 2018

General Practice 2018 & Dental Public Health 2018

Opening Ceremony 09:00-09:15

Title: A clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat: Mistik score

Title: Rehabilitation of patients with pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Sessions: Prosthodontics | Dental Hygiene and Oral Health | Pediatric Dentistry

Chair: Rosa Tarrago Gil, Hides Aragon, Spain

Title: Treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders in children and young adults

Title: An assessment of the frequency of dentally unregistered paediatric patients requiring

Lunch Break 13:00-13:45 @ Velazquez

Chair: Jorgen Lous, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Title: Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evaluation and management in primary care

Networking & Refreshments 15:50-16:05 @ Velazquez

Title: Chronic cough in adults: Evaluation and management in primary care

Title: Treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction with the intra-articular injection

Networking & Refreshments 10:40-10:55 @ Velazquez

Chair: Michele Aubin, Laval University, Canada

Title: Temporomandibular joint disorders: Challenge or everyday life in clinical practice

Lunch Break 13:00-14:00 @ Velazquez

Title: The role of social media in health and scientific awareness

Networking & Refreshments 16:05-16:20 @ Velazquez

Poster Presentations 16:20-16:50

Title: Dental implant

Bookmark your dates

General Practice and Primary Care

27th International Conference on

3rd International Conference on

General Practice 2018 & Dental Public Health 2018

Journal of General Practice

General Medicine: Open Access

Journal of Dental and Craniofacial Research

General Practice 2018 & Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

A clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat: Mistik Score

Modified Centor Score-Suggestion of use

Journal of General Practice

Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

What makes out-of-pocket prescriptions for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs so attractive

Journal of General Practice

Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

Rehabilitation of patients with pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Dentistry and Craniofacial Research

Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

Rosa Tarrago Gil

Elena Martinez Sanz

Dentistry and Craniofacial Research

Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on

Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care

Dentistry and Craniofacial Research

Dental Public Health 2018

3rd International Conference on General Practice & Primary Care