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must be obtained from the ASHRAE Manager of Standards, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. Phone: 404-636-8400, Ext. 1125.
Fax: 404-321-5478. E-mail: standards.section@ashrae.org.
1
2 CONTENTS
3
4 ASHRAE Standard 184
5 Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
6
7 SECTION PAGE
8
9 (Editorial Note: Table of Contents page numbers to be inserted in final document.)
10
11 Foreword
12 1 Purpose
13 2 Scope
14 3 Utilization of Standard
15 4 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
16 5 Equipment Types
17 6 Calculations
18 7 Test Requirements
19 8 Test Procedures
20 9 Data to be Recorded
21 10 Reporting of Results
22 11 Symbols Used in Equations
23 12 Normative References
24 Informative Appendix A: References
25 Normative Appendix B: Measurement Points
26 Normative Appendix C: Calculation of Performance and Uncertainty of Results
27 Informative Appendix D: Instrumentation
28 Informative Appendix E: Additional Information for Measurement Points
29 Informative Appendix F: Pretest Checklist
30 Informative Appendix G: Tips & Tricks For Achieving Test Conditions
ii
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Second Advisory Public Review Draft
31 (This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for
32 conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may
33 contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative
34 material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
35
36 FOREWORD
37
38 (Editorial Note: Foreword to be drafted.)
39
40 1. PURPOSE
41
42 The purpose of this standard is to prescribe methods of field performance testing for liquid-chilling systems.
43
44 2. SCOPE
45
46 2.1 This standard includes the following types of liquid-chilling systems. These system types are further described in
47 Section 5, “Equipment Types.”
48 2.1.1 Vapor compression cycle.
49 2.1.2 Absorption cycle.
50 2.2 This standard does not include systems with a net refrigeration capacity less than 10 Tons [35 kW].
51 2.3 This standard does not include a specification of standardized test conditions under which the liquid-chilling system
52 must operate. Test conditions typically reflect the expected operating conditions and are customer specified.
53
54 3. UTILIZATION OF STANDARD
55
56 (Editorial Note: The final document will define procedures & methods to establish desired test uncertainty levels in
57 advance of the test. Once these values are established, there will be instructions to utilize the uncertainty calculator
58 spreadsheet tool to establish needed efforts to take place with instrument selection, installation, etc., to meet the desired
59 uncertainty. The final test values may be impacted by various site influences which are accounted for in the calculator
60 tool. A fully functional version of this tool will be included in the final document. )
61
62 The standard is intended for use to measure performance of liquid-chilling systems, which may be newly installed
63 equipment or existing systems in any state of operation. The standard is intended to prescribe the testing process given
64 existing site conditions. The standard shall also be used to determine and minimize the resultant level of measurement
65 uncertainty. The standard can also be used by designers of new installations to minimize measurement uncertainty during
66 field performance testing.
67
68 4. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS
69
70 4.1 General. Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in this section for the purposes of this standard.
71 These definitions are applicable to all sections of this standard. Terms that are not defined shall have their
72 ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Ordinarily accepted meanings shall be
73 based upon definitions in the current edition of ASHRAEwiki (http://wiki.ashrae.org/). If not defined in
74 ASHRAEwiki, then ordinarily accepted meanings shall be based upon American Standard English language
75 usage as documented in an unabridged dictionary accepted by the adopting authority.
76 (Editorial Note: in the final document, will check that all defined terms are used in the standard, and remove any
77 that are not actually used.)
78
79 auxiliary power: (See power.)
80
81 Btu: British thermal unit. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree
82 Fahrenheit at a specified temperature. For the purposes of this standard, use the International Table definition.
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
83 1 BtuIT = 1055.056 J
84
85
86 bubble-point: (See temperature.)
87
88 capacity: a measurable physical quantity, the rate that heat (energy) is added to or removed from the liquid side of a
89 refrigerating system. Capacity is defined as the mass flow rate of the liquid multiplied by the difference in enthalpy of
90 liquid entering and leaving the heat exchanger. For the purposes of this standard, the enthalpy change is approximated as
91 the sensible heat transfer using specific heat and temperature difference, and in some calculations, also the energy
92 associated with liquid-side pressure losses.
93
94 gross heating capacity: the capacity of the water-cooled condenser as measured by the total heat transferred from
95 the refrigerant to the liquid in the condenser. This value includes both the sensible heat transfer and the friction heat
96 losses from pressure drop effects of the liquid flow through the condenser. This value is used to calculate the energy
97 balance of a test.
98
99 gross refrigerating capacity: the capacity of the evaporator as measured by the total heat transferred from the
100 liquid to the refrigerant in the evaporator. This value includes both the sensible heat transfer and the friction heat
101 losses from pressure drop effects of the liquid flow through the evaporator. This value is used to calculate the energy
102 balance of a test.
103
104 net heating capacity: the capacity of the condenser available for useful heating of the thermal load, external to the
105 liquid chilling system, calculated using only the sensible heat transfer.
106
107 net refrigerating capacity: the capacity of the evaporator available for useful cooling of the thermal load, external
108 to the liquid chilling system, calculated using only the sensible heat transfer.
109
110 compressor saturated discharge temperature: for single component and azeotropic refrigerants, it is the saturated
111 temperature corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the compressor discharge. For zeotropic refrigerants, it is the
112 arithmetic average of the dew-point and bubble-point temperatures corresponding to refrigerant pressure at the compressor
113 discharge. Where a discharge valve is used, such as a service stop valve or a check valve, the pressure is taken at or
114 immediately downstream of the valve (in either case on the downstream side of the valve seat).
115
116 condenser: a refrigerating system component which condenses refrigerant from vapor state to liquid state by the removal
117 of heat. De-superheating and sub-cooling of the refrigerant may occur as well.
118
119 air-cooled condenser: a condenser, including condenser fans, that condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to
120 air mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing a temperature rise in the air.
121
122 evaporatively-cooled condenser: a condenser which condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to a water and
123 air mixture mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing evaporation of the water and an increase
124 in the enthalpy of the air.
125
126 water-cooled condenser: a condenser that condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to liquid mechanically
127 circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing a temperature rise in the liquid.
128
129 water-cooled heat reclaim condenser: a water-cooled condenser that may be either a separate parallel condenser
130 in a refrigerating system using two or more condensers or a portion of a water-cooled condenser with two or more
131 liquid circuits, with the purpose of heat recovery.
132
133 dew-point: (See temperature.)
134
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
135 efficiency: performance at specified operating conditions, expressed as the ratio of the capacity output and the total power
136 input of a process or a machine. Depending on the specific efficiency metric, the numerator and denominator may be
137 switched, and the units of measure may be dimensionless or not. All efficiency metrics shall be stated in conjunction with
138 a complete set of operating conditions.
139
140 energy efficiency: any one of several metrics calculated as a ratio of two quantities, (1) thermal energy movement
141 expressed as a rate, and (2) required energy input to move that thermal energy. The numerator and denominator
142 may be switched depending on the specific metric, and the units of measure may be dimensionless or not.
143
144 cooling efficiency: a ratio of net refrigerating capacity and the total power input. The ratio may be inverted
145 depending on the selected units of measure.
146
147 COPR: coefficient of performance, the cooling efficiency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of net
148 refrigerating capacity divided by the total power input.
149
150 EER: energy efficiency ratio, the cooling efficiency expressed as a ratio of net refrigerating capacity divided
151 by the total power input. EER shall use the following units of measure: Btu/h for net refrigerating capacity
152 and W for total input power.
153
154 kW/TonR: power input per unit capacity, the cooling efficiency expressed as a ratio of the total power input
155 divided by the net refrigerating capacity. kW/TonR shall use the following units of measure: kW for total
156 input power and TonR for net refrigerating capacity.
157
158 heating efficiency: a ratio of net heating capacity and the total power input.
159
160 COPH: coefficient of performance, the heating efficiency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of net heating
161 capacity divided by the total power input.
162
163 COPHR: coefficient of performance, the heating efficiency expressed as a dimensionless ratio of the sum of
164 net heating capacity of a water-cooled heat reclaim condenser plus the net refrigerating capacity of an
165 evaporator, divided by the total power input.
166
167 energy: an indirectly observed quantity with the ability for doing work on a physical system. It takes a number of forms
168 that may be transformed from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical.
169 Customary measurement units are British thermal units (Btu) and joules (J).
170
171 energy balance: a dimensionless ratio metric used to check for gross errors in measurement instrumentation and test
172 results for units with a water-cooled condenser (with or without water-cooled heat reclaim condenser), defined as the
173 difference between energy inputs and energy outputs to the liquid-chilling package, normalized to a percentage by dividing
174 by the average of the total input energy and the total output energy. For this standard, the energy inputs are generally
175 limited to the gross refrigerating capacity and the power input, though other auxiliary power inputs are included when
176 analysis demonstrates significance to the energy balance.
177
178 evaporator: a refrigerating system component which boils refrigerant from liquid state to vapor state by the addition of
179 heat. Superheating of the refrigerant may occur as well. For the purposes of this standard, the heat is exchanged from a
180 liquid as opposed to air, and in this context, an evaporator may also be called a cooler.
181
182 fouling factor: the thermal resistance due to fouling accumulated on the heat transfer surface.
183
184 fouling factor allowance: provision for anticipated fouling during use specified in h·ft²·°F/Btu [m²·°C/W].
185
186 heat reclaim (or heat recovery): use of heat that would otherwise be wasted from a system or process.
187
188 liquid: the fluid being cooled in the evaporator (cooler) or heated in the condenser, as distinguished from refrigerant in
189 the liquid state, such as water or glycol mixture or other heat transfer fluid.
190
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
191 liquid-chilling system: a machine specifically designed to make use of a refrigeration cycle to remove heat from a liquid
192 and reject the heat to a cooling medium, usually air or water. For the purposes of this standard, the system may be packaged
193 (factory-made and prefabricated assembly) or field-erected. The refrigerant condenser may or may not be an integral part
194 of a packaged liquid-chilling system.
195
196 may: used where a provision is permissible but not mandatory.
197
198 modular chiller package: a modular chiller is a package that is made up of multiple liquid-chilling systems that can
199 function individually or as a single unit.
200 Part-Load Value (PLV): a single number figure of merit expressing part-load efficiency for equipment on the basis of
201 weighted operation at various partial load capacities for the equipment.
202
203 Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV): a single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated at Standard
204 Rating Conditions per the method described in AHRI Standard 550/590 or AHRI Standard 551/591.
205
206 Non Standard Part-Load Value (NPLV): a single number part-load efficiency figure of merit referenced to
207 conditions other than IPLV conditions, calculated per the method described in AHRI Standard 550/590 or AHRI
208 Standard 551/591.
209
210 Percent Load (%Load): the part-load capacity divided by the full-load rated net capacity at the full-load rating conditions.
211
212 power: the rate at which energy is transferred, used, or transformed. Customary measurement units are British thermal
213 units per hour (Btu/h) and joules per second (J/s), also known as a watt (W).
214
215 auxiliary power: power input to devices that are not integral to the operation of the vapor compression cycle,
216 excluding power input to integrated pumps (if present) used for liquid in either the evaporator or the condenser.
217 Including devices such as, but not limited to, oil pumps, refrigerant pumps, control power, fans, and heaters.
218
219 power input: a term used to refer to the power input to any of the following:
220 the mechanical power input to the shaft of open compressors; or
221 the electrical power input at the motor terminals for hermetic compressors, semi-hermetic compressors,
222 or motor-compressors; or
223 the electrical power at the input terminals for starter, motor-controller, or variable speed drive; or
224 the thermal power input to either a direct or indirect fired absorption liquid-chilling system.
225
226 total power input: the sum of power input and auxiliary power to all components of a liquid-chilling system.
227
228 published ratings: a statement of the assigned values of those performance characteristics, under stated rating conditions,
229 by which a unit may be chosen to fit its application. These values apply to all units of like nominal size and type
230 (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. The term “published rating” includes the rating of all performance
231 characteristics shown on the unit or published in specifications, advertising, or other literature controlled by the
232 manufacturer, at stated rating conditions.
233
234 application rating: a rating based on tests performed at application rating conditions (other than standard rating
235 conditions).
236
237 standard rating: a rating based on tests performed at standard rating conditions.
238
239 rating conditions: any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which causes
240 only that level of performance to occur.
241
242 standard rating conditions: rating conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics.
243
244 refrigerating system:
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
245 1. A combination of interconnected parts forming a closed circuit in which refrigerant is circulated for the
246 purpose of extracting, then rejecting, heat.
247
248 2. A system that, in operation between a heat source (evaporator) and a heat sink (condenser) at two
249 different temperatures, absorbs heat from the heat source at the lower temperature and rejects heat to the
250 heat sink at the higher temperature.
251
252 shall: used where a provision is mandatory for compliance with this standard.
253
254 should: used to indicate a provision that is not mandatory but is recommended as good practice.
255
256 steady state: a state or condition of a system or process that does not change in time, or a condition that changes only
257 negligibly over a specified time within the limits defined in this standard.
258
259 temperature: measurement of warmth or coldness with respect to an arbitrary zero or to the absolute zero. Temperatures
260 are indicated on defined scales, such as Kelvin and Rankine for absolute temperatures, and Celsius and Fahrenheit for
261 ordinary temperatures.
262
263 bubble-point temperature: a liquid-vapor equilibrium point for a volatile pure liquid or for a multi-component
264 mixture of miscible, volatile pure component liquids, in the absence of noncondensables, where the temperature of
265 the mixture at a defined pressure is the minimum temperature required for a vapor bubble to form in the liquid.
266
267 dew-point temperature: a liquid-vapor equilibrium point for a volatile pure liquid or for a multi-component mixture
268 of miscible, volatile pure component liquids, in the absence of noncondensables, where the temperature of the
269 mixture at a defined pressure is the maximum temperature required for a liquid drop to form in the vapor.
270
271 saturation temperature:
272 1. The temperature where a substance changes between its liquid and its vapor phase. If the pressure in a
273 system remains constant, a vapor at saturation temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase
274 as thermal energy is removed, and conversely, a liquid at saturation temperature will begin to evaporate
275 as thermal energy is applied.
276
277 2. The equilibrium temperature of a pure refrigerant or an azeotropic refrigerant in a two-phase mixture of
278 a vapor and liquid at a given absolute pressure.
279
280 temperature of flowing liquid: the mixed mean stream temperature at a station perpendicular to the liquid flow
281 direction.
282
283 test agency: [definition to be determined. test agency, or test agent, or test director?]
284
285 test condition tolerance: the maximum permissible variation between the time averaged measurement data observations
286 and the specified (target) test conditions.
287
288 test operating tolerance: an interval including the maximum permissible variation of any observation during a defined
289 testing time period, with a specified sampling rate for measurements (see total observed range).
290
291 ton (of refrigeration): time rate of cooling equal to 12,000 Btu/h (approximately 3.51685 kW). It is a quantity
292 approximately equal to the latent heat of fusion or melting of 1 ton of ice [907.2 kg (2000 lbm)], from and at 0°C (32°F).
293
294 total heat rejection: heat rejected through the condenser, including any heat utilized for heat recovery.
295
296 total observed range: a metric used in conjunction with a test operating tolerance, equal to the difference between the
297 maximum and minimum observations during a defined test time period, with a specified sampling rate for measurements.
298
299
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
Heat Rejection
Liquid Evaporatively Air
Cooled Cooled Cooled
Cooling
Operating Mode
Heating N/A
Heat Rejection
Liquid
Cooled
Operating
Cooling
Mode
Cooling &
Heating
312
313 6. CALCULATIONS
314
315 The calculations below outline the methods for calculating capacity, efficiency, and energy balance for a range of measured
316 values. Each calculation is accompanied by an uncertainty calculation as well. Section 11 defines the symbols, subscripts,
317 and terminology for each calculation.
318
319 [Editorial Note: the uncertainty nomenclature in this section will be revised to follow the conventions of ASME PTC 19.1
320 Test Uncertainty.
321
322 Example using a measurement value “X” which could be a temperature or a flow rate or a power measurement. The
323 total combined uncertainty “UX” will be calculated from the random “SX” and systematic “BX” sources in “X”.
324 “Total uncertainty” will use capital letters (U, S, B), while “standard uncertainty” expressed as a standard deviation
325 uses lower case letters (u, s, b).
326 UX = 2·uX for 95% confidence in reported uncertainty
327 uX = ( sX ²+ bX ²)½
328 Where sX is the random standard uncertainty, bX is the systematic standard uncertainty.
329
330 Example using a calculation result “R” which could be capacity or efficiency or energy balance. The expanded
331 uncertainty “UR” will be calculated from the combined standard uncertainty uR, which is calculated from the random
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
332 “sR” and systematic “bR” standard uncertainties of the calculated result. The standard uncertainties include a
333 sensitivity coefficient θ, which captures the partial derivative effects seen in the equations as presented below.
334 UR = 2·uR for 95% confidence in reported uncertainty
335 uR = ( sR ²+ bR ²)½
336 Where sR is the random standard uncertainty, bR is the systematic standard uncertainty. Both of these are
337 calculated as a sum of the product for measurement uncertainty times a sensitivity coefficient θ for each
338 measurement value.
339 end of Editorial Note]
340
341 6.1 Capacity Calculations
342 [Editorial Note: the proposed standard follows the conventions of AHRI Standard 550/590-2011 to distinguish between
343 the gross and net capacity. Gross capacity captures all of the heat exchanged and is used for energy balance calculations.
344 The net capacity corresponds to the net “useful” heat that is exchanged, excludes the “non-useful” heat exchanged due
345 to frictional piping losses, and is used for efficiency calculations.
346
347 6.1.1 Gross Capacity from liquid mass flow rate, inlet and outlet liquid enthalpy.
348 = (ℎ −ℎ )
349 = (ℎ −ℎ ) + +
350
351 6.1.2 Gross Capacity given liquid mass flow rate, inlet and outlet temperatures, pressure loss, density, and specific
352 heat.
∆
353 = ( − )+
⁄
∆
( − )+ + ( − ) +
354 =
∆
+ + ∆ +
355
356 6.1.3 Gross Capacity given liquid volume flow rate, inlet and outlet temperatures, pressure loss, density, and
357 specific heat.
358 = ( − )+ ∆
⁄
( − )+∆ + ( − ) + ( − ) +
359 =
+ + + ∆
360
361 6.1.4 Net Capacity given liquid mass flow rate, inlet and outlet temperatures, and specific heat.
362 = ( − )
/
363 = ( − ) + ( − ) + +
364
365 6.1.5 Net Capacity given volume flow rate, inlet and outlet temperatures, density, and specific heat.
366 = ( − )
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
/
( − ) +
( − ) +
367 =
( − ) +
+
368
369 6.2 Power Input Calculations
370
371 6.2.1 Thermal power input for a given fluid consumption rate and higher heating value.
372 = ∗
/
373 = ( ∗ ) +
374
375 6.2.2 Total power input
376 = +
⁄ ⁄
377 = +
382 6.3.2 =
/
383 = +
384 6.3.3 Other efficiency metrics are derived as variations on the ratio of capacity and input work, or its inverse, and
385 may be used according to the definitions in Section 4.
386
387 6.4 Energy Balance Calculations
388
389 6.4.1 An energy balance shall be calculated per the following procedure. Thermal inputs and outputs shall use
390 gross capacity for energy balance.
391
392 6.4.2 Input energy sources
393 =
/
394 =
395
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
397 =
/
398 =
399
400 6.4.4 Energy Balance
− −
401 = × 100% = 2 × 100%
, +
/
4 4
402 = +
+ +
403
404
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
412 (Editorial Note: does this section adequately address issues related to tube fouling?)
413 7.2.1 Fouling Correction shall not be applied during any field performance testing. All evaporators and condensers
414 utilizing any heat transfer fluid with known properties may be tested with the tubes in an “as is” condition.
415 7.2.2 The “as is” target condition rating shall apply the default design fouling factors for all heat exchangers in
416 accordance with the manufacturer’s original equipment design parameters.
417 7.2.3 Heat exchangers can become fouled within a short period of operation, so the tubes may be cleaned
418 immediately prior to conducting the tests, which may affect results.
419 7.2.4 The cleaning methods shall be agreed upon by all relevant parties. Cleaning by brush only does not constitute
420 an un-fouled tube condition.
421 7.2.5 Visual examination by relevant parties after the cleaning may be conducted to obtain consensus that the tube
422 conditions are acceptable for conducting the performance test.
423
424 7.3 All systems utilizing liquids other than water shall be tested to determine the concentration by weight of the
425 alternative liquid. This shall be used for determination of the physical properties of the liquid.
426
427 7.4 The total test time duration shall be 15 minutes or more. The number of test points collected shall be 30 or more.
428 Each test point shall be either a single measurement, or a time-averaged value of multiple measurements where the
429 maximum time scale for averaging shall not exceed 1/60 of the total test time duration. Follow procedures in Section
430 8 if system conditions or instabilities prevent maintaining steady state conditions.
431
432 7.5 The test is valid only if meeting the following requirements for energy balance.
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
448 measurements are acceptable if the redundant values are within the comparison limits shown below. If
449 acceptable, the redundant values shall be averaged, and the average value used for all calculations.
450
Maximum Difference
Measurement Point
Between Redundant Values
chilled liquid temperature inlet 0.11K (0.20°F)
chilled liquid temperature outlet 0.11K (0.20°F)
chilled liquid flow rate 2% of the average redundant value
total power input 2% of the average redundant value
451
452 8. TEST PROCEDURES
453
454 8.1 Preparation
455
456 8.1.1 Prior to the test, or ideally for new installation during the chilled water plant design, there shall be a pre-test
457 meeting between the testing agency and the customer/owner to determine the test instrument measurement
458 locations and requirements per the instrumentation requirements portion (Appendix D) of this standard. The
459 resulting agreements shall be implemented prior to commissioning. The purpose of this discussion is to
460 agree on the expected level of uncertainty that will be achievable during the test to ensure this is
461 acceptable to all parties.
462 8.1.2 There shall be discussion between the testing agency and customer/owner to formulate a test plan. This test
463 plan shall include, but not be limited to, the operating parameters required, the timing requirements, limits of
464 stability, communication protocol, modes of plant control and how they are applied, authority for plant
465 control and command, and determination of test readiness and completion. (Discussion of target test
466 conditions)
467 8.1.3 All plant support systems shall be operated to validate proper operation before starting the test.
468 8.1.4 All plant systems shall be verified to be capable of operating at the agreed upon target test conditions and
469 their function validated before starting the test.
470 8.1.5 All test site controls shall be reviewed for stability capability to estimate the impact of instability on meeting
471 the target uncertainty.
472 8.1.6 The system shall be started, adjusted, and operated for a sufficient amount of time per the manufacturer
473 recommendations and in accordance with the operating limits portions of this standard prior to conducting
474 the test.
475 8.1.7 Chiller equipment shall be verified to ensure proper operation before testing.
476 8.1.8 All chilled water plant and other test site controls shall be verified to ensure proper operation.
477 8.2 Conduct the test according to the instrumentation (types and locations), conditions, time duration, and sampling
478 methodology agreed-to during the pre-test meeting.
479 8.3 Shaft Power Measurement Procedure (when applicable)
480
481 8.3.1 Where turbine or engine drives are employed, compressor shaft horsepower input can be determined from
482 steam, gas, or oil consumption, at measured supply and exhaust conditions and prime mover manufacturers
483 certified performance data.
484 8.3.2 Shaft horsepower may be determined with the measurement of shaft torque and RPM. The application of this
485 method requires the use of surface strain gauge or angular displacement torquemeter technology. The testing
486 agency shall discuss this option with the customer/owner.
487
488 (Editorial note: are any other specific test procedures required?)
489
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
490 9. DATA TO BE RECORDED [SPANSWICK – Review what is still relevant; some info is now intended to be in one of
491 the appendices]
492
493 9.1 Table x lists the data to be recorded.
494
495 9.2 Refer to Normative Appendix B for schematics of each system type and the physical location of measurement
496 instruments.
497
498
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
DIAGNOSTIC
TYPE OF INSTALLATION CHILLER
ITEM AID or DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS TYPE
MANDATORY
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
There shall be a
connection point at the Steam
inlet to the governor or Turbine,
Pressure Mandatory Inlet Steam regulating valve. This Steam
connection shall have a Fired
valved "pigtail" Absorption
connection.
There shall be a
connection point at the
outlet flange of the
Steam
Pressure Mandatory Steam Exhaust turbine prior to the
Turbine
Surface condenser. This
connection shall have a
valved connection.
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
Natural
There shall be a
Gas
connection point at the
engines,
Natural Gas inlet to the regulating
Pressure Mandatory Natural
Supply valve. This connection
Gas Direct
shall have a valved
fired
connection.
Absorption
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
A method of establishing
Shaft Power for shaft power shall be Turbine or
Power Mandatory Non-Electric used in accordance with Engine
Drives Section 9.5 of this Drive
standard.
499
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
509 10.2 A formal report shall be written and distributed by the testing agent in a timely fashion in accordance with agreed
510 test protocols.
511 10.3 The report shall contain data from all of the measurement points prescribed in Normative Appendix B of this
512 standard dependent on the type of system tested.
513 10.4 The report shall present the average values of the measurement point data. All raw data used for the averaging shall
514 be made available upon request.
515 10.5 For each set of test data, the report shall present the energy balance calculation and comparison to the tolerance
516 limit using the energy balance uncertainty.
517 10.5.1 Exception: for air-cooled chillers, the comparison of redundant measurements shall be presented in lieu of
518 an energy balance.
519 10.6 The report shall include the calculated net capacity and efficiency of the system at the test conditions and the
520 associated uncertainty interval.
521
522 11. SYMBOLS USED IN EQUATIONS
523 (Editorial Note: This table is incomplete; will be updated to match all symbols and variables used in the standard. The
524 uncertainty nomenclature in this section will be expanded and will follow the conventions of ASME PTC 19.1 Test Uncertainty.)
525
Units of Measure
Symbol Description
SI IP
coefficient of performance, according to operating mode:
COPR: coefficient of performance, the cooling efficiency expressed as a
dimensionless ratio of net refrigerating capacity divided by the total
power input
COPH: coefficient of performance, the heating efficiency expressed as a
- - dimensionless ratio of net heating capacity divided by the total power
input
COPHR: coefficient of performance, the heating efficiency expressed as
a dimensionless ratio of the sum of net heating capacity of a water-
cooled heat reclaim condenser plus the net refrigerating capacity of an
evaporator, divided by the total power input
kJ/kg · K Btu/lbm · °F
specific heat of liquid at the average of entering and leaving heat exchanger
liquid temperatures
% % energy balance (refer to Section 4 for complete description)
kW TonR
total input energy, the summation of individual input energy source values
using consistent units
individual input energy source value; for chillers, these individual sources
are
kW TonR
(gross cooling capacity) and (electrical power or thermal
power input to the compressor motor(s)); using consistent units
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
Units of Measure
Symbol Description
SI IP
kW TonR
total output energy, the summation of individual output energy source
values using consistent units
individual output energy source value; for chillers, these individual sources
kW TonR are (gross heating capacity) and (gross heat reclaim capacity);
using consistent units
kJ/m³ Btu/ft³ higher heating value of a fuel
ℎ kJ/kg Btu/lbm liquid enthalpy at the inlet of the heat exchanger
ℎ kJ/kg Btu/lbm liquid enthalpy at the outlet of the heat exchanger
kg/s lbm/h liquid mass flow rate
∆ kPa lbf/in2 or psi liquid-side pressure drop
density of liquid at the average of the entering and leaving heat exchanger
liquid temperatures
kW Btu/h
gross capacity, heating or cooling, used for the determination of energy
balance only
kW Btu/h net capacity, heating or cooling
kW Btu/h cooling capacity, gross or net
kW Btu/h heating capacity, gross or net
kW Btu/h heat reclaim capacity, gross or net
°C °F liquid temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger
°C °F liquid temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger
kJ/kg · K Btu/lbm · °F uncertainty in the measured value of specific heat
°C °F uncertainty in the measured value of inlet liquid temperature
°C °F uncertainty in the measured value of outlet liquid temperature
∆ kPa lbf/in2 or psi uncertainty in the measured value of liquid-side pressure drop
kg/m3 lbm/ft3 uncertainty in the measured value of liquid density
gal/min uncertainty in the measured value of volume flow rate
m3/s
or gpm
uncertainty in the calculated value of capacity
uncertainty in the measured value of mass flow rate of fluid
uncertainty in the value of the inlet refrigerant enthalpy
uncertainty in the value of the outlet refrigerant enthalpy
uncertainty in the calculated value the coefficient of performance
uncertainty in the measured value of the total power input
uncertainty in the calculated value of total input energy
uncertainty in the measured value of individual input energy
uncertainty in the calculated value of total output energy
uncertainty in the measured value of individual output energy
uncertainty in the calculated value of energy balance
uncertainty associated with the value of higher heating value
gal/min
m3/s volume flow rate of liquid
or gpm
total power input to the liquid-chilling system – the summation of the
kW kW
individual power inputs
kW kW individual power input to the liquid-chilling system
kW kW individual auxiliary power input to the liquid-chilling system
526
527
528 12. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
529
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
530 [insert numbered list here that matches superscript numbering of references throughout the standard; numbering to be added
531 later]
532 [examples:
533 1. ASME Power Test Code (PTC) 19.1-2005, Test Uncertainty
534 2. ASHRAE Standard 41.1-1986 (RA2006), Standard Method for Temperature Measurement.
535 3. ASME Power Test Code (PTC) 19.5-2004, Flow Measurement.
536 4. Not a normative reference. See Appendix A.
537
538
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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551
552 NORMATIVE APPENDIX B
553 MEASUREMENT POINTS
554
555 Location of Measurement Points for each System Type – diagrams of each system type, need to add captions to each figure
TE
PDT
TE
TE
PDT
TE
556
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
TE
TYP. 2PLACES
PDT
TE
PT
TE
TYP. 2PLACES
PDT
TE
TE
PDT
TE
557
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
TE
PDT
TE
PT
PT
TE
TE
TE
TE
PDT
TE
558
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
TE TE
PDT PDT
TE TE
559
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
TE
TE
PT
TE
TE
PDT
TE
PDT
TE
TE
560
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
Advisory Public Review Draft
TE
PT
TE
TE
TE
PDT
TE
PDT
TE TYP. 2PLACES
TE
561
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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626
627 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E
628 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR MEASUREMENT POINTS
629
630 Informative Appendix E provides optional instrumentation for testing diagnostics, above and beyond the basic
631 requirements of the standard to measure capacity and efficiency. These items typically include refrigerant side
632 measurements of pressure and temperature and associated calculations to determine superheat or subcooling.
633
634 (Editorial Note: The final document may include a list of optional diagnostic parameters to be indicated by equipment
635 type, which will follow the same equipment types as seen in the Normative Appendix B section of this document. The use
636 of the diagnostic parameters may be used at the discretion of the parties involved in the testing and are not required.
637 These descriptions shall include verbiage to define the preferred locations for each parameter. All parameters referred
638 to in this section will be included on the schematics of Normative Appendix B section and will be identified as indicated
639 in the legend to be included in that section.)
640
641 (Editorial Note: plan to show these additional items on the schematics in Appendix B, but “grayed out” with a disclaimer
642 note that they are optional and not a requirement of the standard)
643
644
645 Recommended diagnostic instrumentation & measurements:
646
Item Location
Evaporator pressure
Condenser pressure
Suction Superheat
Discharge Superheat
Liquid Line Subcooling
Compressor Speed (variable speed chillers only) Variable or Adjustable Speed Drive
647
648
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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Proposed ASHRAE Standard 184P, Method of Test for Field Performance of Liquid-Chilling Systems
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695
696
37