Find the amplitude, phase, period, and frequency of the sinusoid 0 () = 12 c0s(50r + 10°) Solution: ‘The amplitude is Vm, = 12 V. The phase is @ = 10° The angular frequency is 2a 2m The period T @ ~ 30 1 50 rad/s. 0.1257 s, The frequency is f = + =7.958 Hz. T Evaluate these complex numbers: (a) 40/50" + 20/ — 30°)? = 30° +334) G+ G-i5" Solution: (@) Using polar to rectangular transformation, 40,/50° = 40(cos 50° + j sin 50") = 25.71 + /30.64 20/— 30° = 20{cos(—30") + j sin(—30°)] = 17.32 — 10 Adding them up gives a0 50° +20/— 30° = 43.03 + 20.64 = 47. ‘Taking the square root of this. (40/50° +20/— 30°)? = 6.91 /12.81 (b) Using polar rectangular transformation, addition, multiplication, and division, lof — 30° +(3—j4) _ 8.66—j54+G-J4) 2+ 7G— Ty CF 79G+I) 146 —j9 14.73 /—37.66° H+ 722 “36.08/122.47 = 0565/— 16031" Transform these sinusoids to phasors: (a) v = —4sin(30r + 50°) (b) i = 6cos(50r — 40°) Solution: (a) Since — sin A = cos(A +90"), vy = —4sin(30P + 50°) = 4 cos(30r + 50® 490°) = 4c0s(30r + 140°) The phasor form of v is va4fso (©) i = 6cos(50r — 40°) has the phasorGiven f(t) = 4.cos(ot + 30°) and in(f) = Ssin(wi — 20°), find their Solutio: Here is an important use of phasors—for summing simusoids of the same frequency. Current i)(f) is in the standard form. Its phasor is 1-4/0" ‘We need to express in(1) in cosine form. The rule for converting sine to cosine is to subtract 90°. Hence, ip = Scos(ut — 20° — 90°) = 5 cos(et — 110°) and its phasor is —110° Tfweleti =i; + ip, then T=h+h=4/30° +5/—110° 3.404 + j2— 1.71 — [4.098 = 1.754 — j2.698 3.2187 S697 A ‘Transforming this to the time domain. we get i(t)=3.218 cos(wt — 56.97?) A The voltage v = 12 cos(601 + 45°) is applied to a 0.1-H inductor. Find the steady-state current through the inducter. Solution: For the inductor, V = jwLI, where @ = 60 rad/s and V = 12/45° V. Hence fase 12 fase BAS RAS oy asa FOO x01” G /om- Converting this to the time domain. £(0) — 2 cos(60r — 45°) A Find v(t) and i(t) in the circuit shown in Fig. 9.16. Solution: From the voltage source 10 cos 41,w = 4, Vv, =10/°v ‘The impedance is 1 =54 joc F401 Z=54 Hence the current Vv, 10/0 105 + j2.5) Zo 5=j2s FP 42F on) = 16+ j08 =1.789/25.57° A ‘The voltage across the capacitor is v0 cost @ Figue9I6 For Example 9.Fiure923 For Example 9.10. Figue S24 For Pracuce rob. 9.10. Refer to Fig. 9.17. Determine v(t) and i(1) Answer: 2.236 sin(10r + 63.43°) V, 1.118 sin(Lor — 26.57") A. Y-8 Comersion. LL. 502 A-Y Conversion: n= be 4 tats +t: ee ee 7 nn hh = Hiatt at 2-7 Leds + Dsl 2-5 B Zat+ ly the Find the input impedance of the circuit in Fig. 9.23. Assume that the cir cuit operates at «= 50 rad/s ‘Solution: Let Za; = Impedance of the 2-mF capacitor Zn = Impedance of the 3-9 resistor in series with the 10-mF capacitor Zs = Impedance of the 0.2-H inductor in series with the 8-2 resistor Then 1 1 i= FG ~ Fond tos ~ Ie 1 1 ; 22 =34 536 =3 + Gato ndoF =O IPD Z3 =84 jol + {50 x 0.2 = (8 + j10) Q ‘The input impedance is - — jp 4 B= 22NE+ 110) Zana) + Bil t= —j19 + SEE a4 + j14)1 = ro EITC = 78) ee —fl043.22— j107a Thus, Zu = 3.22 — 11.07 2 Determine the input impedance of the circuit in Fig. 924 ato = 10 rads. Answer 32.38 — j73.76 2