PROCESS CONTROL

BNQ 30703

MULTI-LOOP & MULTI-VARIABLE

CONTROL SYSTEM

TS. DR. NASRUL FIKRY BIN CHE PA

Group Members
AKMAL HAFISZI BIN ABDUL AZIZE

ANIQ AFIFI BIN SELAMAT

DEONG JING LIE

HO CON NIE

JIVASHINI A/P BALASUPURMANIAM

NORHANIFAH BINTI ABDUL HALIM

NUR AINAA ZUHAIRAH BINTI HEIRMAN

“
• In Multiloop and Multivariable Control part, we will be concerned on process interaction
and selection an appropriate multiloop control configuration.
• In order to determine a system completely, degree of freedom must be zero (DoF=0)
• To reduce the DoF to zero, two source of additional specification contributed were
surrounding and control system
Surrounding - Everything outside the domain of closed loop which has the capability of

“
influencing the operating condition (Disturbance & External specified inputs)
Control System- Control the relationship between output and the inputs to be manipulated.
(Multiloop and Multivariables Control)

Introduction !!!
 01 02

MULTI-LOOP CONTROL MULTI-VARIABLE CONTROL

- Each Manipulated variable can depends on

- Each Manipulated variable depends
two more of controlled variables
on single controlled variable
- Example: Decoupling control / model
- Example: Set of Conventional feedback
predictive control
controller

03
 BACKGROUND OF
THE SYSTEM Voznesenskii considered the
feasibility by providing separate
controllers for the individual
variables and setting up such
coupling that causes changes in one
variables, not effect other.

2.
1. 3.
Theory - first proposed in The problem of non-interaction is
Sovient Union in 1938. solved by first order
Initial effort concerned to differential equation by
non-interaction problem. assuming ideal controllers.
 Golomb and Usdin come up with
matrix of error coefficients and
derive an explicit expression.

5.

4. 6.
Pioneers of the multi variable Mesarovic consider multivariable
control system Boksenborn and contol as an independent problem.
Hood in USA. Theirs first paper Designed new ideas applicability of
with problems related to non- variational techniques to design
interaction was published multi-variable system.
in 1950.
INTERACTION BETWEEN
CONTROL LOOPS
Consider a process with two inputs and two outputs:

The schematic of such process is given by the figure 3(a):

(a) Open Loop (b) Closed Loop

Figure 3: Schematic of a two input and two output system
Any change in either of the inputs will lead to change in the values of both the outputs.
This phenomenon persists even when two control loops are formed as in Figure 3(b).
This is termed as control loop interaction.
There are two types of effects of an input on an output, which are direct and indirect.
The effects are best explained by the Figure 4 where blue line indicates direct effect
of input on output within its own loop, i.e. , loop 1 whereas another line indicates
indirect effect of input on output that yields through loop 2.

Figure 4: Direct and indirect effects of control loop interaction

Application
• In wastewater treatment plant, there are
many process – model – bioreactor models
• The bioreactor models – non-linear
multivariable systems –
contain a significant degree of coupling
• This model – the performance of the
methods for input-output
pairing selection
C MIMO
MIMOsystem
system(2
(2xx22system)
system)
A
S Input-output relation (in vector-
matrix notation form)

E
Process transfer function matrix:

S
Transfer function:
T
U The steady state process transfer
function matrix (s=0) is called
D process gain matrix (K)

Y
 The alternative strategy is to pair Y1 with U2 and Y2
with U1
• Simplified by excluding the transfer function for final
control element and sensor transmitter.
• Disturbance variable also can be negligible.

If a disturbance moves away Y1 from its set point Ysp1

• Controller 1 (Gc1)adjust U1
>>>affect Y2 via transfer function Gp21
• Y2 changed, controller (Gc2) adjust U2
>>> affects Y1 via transfer function Gp12
 Multi-loop control system
Autotuning of such system is
Simple Algorithms. required engineer
A D
master with model design.
d is
Easy to understand by v a The regulator parameter
plant operating personnel a d tuning approaches on the
which used simplicity of n v basic of plural integration
control structure.
ta a considered.
Easy to monitor - each g n
control uses only one es ta Has limitation that caused by
controlled variable and g a regulator or the plant
structure.
adjusts one es
manipulated variables.
 Multi-variable control system
The problem can be tricky
Improve control system when control system
where can control many A D
required multiple objective
variable in one time. d is
that would effect the
v a process variable
a d simultaneously.
n v
The controller are attractive ta a .
Costly for financial
because can adjust the g n consideration and energy
controller setting
es ta spent.
automatically to
g
compensate for
changing process dynamic es
Conclusion
Multiloop and multivariable control system have
01 been introduced, and the important concept
process interaction defined.

can be used to represent the input-output

02
behavior of the process without control.

The process model can be employed to

03 determine a useful measure of interaction: the
relative gain array.
Transmission interaction can strongly affect the
04 behavior of a multivariable system.
Thank you