Engineering

Contents
1. Introduction 5
1.1 Background 5
1.2 Contract Scope of Work 5
1.3 Surface Water Drainage Scope 5
1.4 Scope of this Report 5
1.5 Background Information 6
2. Basis of Design 7
2.1 Site Grading 7
2.2 Roads Drainage Arrangement 7
2.3 Design Philosophy 7
3. Design Criteria 8
3.1 Level of Flood Protection 8
3.2 Surface Water Runoff 8
3.3 Rainfall Intensity 8
3.4 Rainfall Depth 9
3.5 Time of Concentration 11
3.6 Catchment/Contributing Area 11
3.7 Runoff Coefficients 11
3.8 Gully Spacing 12
3.9 Soakaway Trench Design 12
4. Surface Drainage System 13

4.1 Soakaway Trench 13
4.2 Gullies 13
5. Hydraulic Analysis 14
5.1 General Considerations 14
5.2 Hydraulic Calculations 14
6. Changes to FEED Design 15
7. Conclusions and Recommendations 16

7.1 Conclusions 16
7.2 Recommendations 16
75/10738/69467 EPIC for Earthworks, Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the Gabbro Support Services Area (GSSA)
and Light Industrial Area (LIA) in Mesaieed
Surface Water Drainage System Design Report - Doc No. 2901-3210 (Rev. A) Page 2 of 150
DOCUMENT NUMBER : 2901-3210 REV # A Page 2 of 150
Table Index
Table 1 Related GC 08104100 Design Documents 6
Table 2 Design Storm Rainfall Data 10
Table 3 WMO Rainfall Depths for Less than 24 Hr Duration 10
Table 4 Design Storm Rainfall Total Depths (mm) 10
Table 5 Urban Runoff Coefficients 11
Table 6 Differences between Detailed Design and FEED
Design 15
Figure Index
Figure 1 Intensity – Duration – Frequency Relationship 9
Appendices
A Surface Water Drainage System Layout
B Gully Spacing Chart - QHDM
C Hydraulic Calculations
D Dissipation Test Results Report by ACES
E Dissipation Test for fill above the natural ground level, ACES
confirmation letter
Abbreviations
ADWF Average Dry Weather Flow
DWTP Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant
EPIC Engineering, Procurement, Installation and Construction
GSSA Gabbro Support Services Area
LIA Light Industry Area
MIC Messaieed Industrial City
IDF Intensity Duration Frequency
PDWF Peak Dry Weather Flow
PS-8 Sewage Pumping Station No. 8
PWA Public Works Authority - Qatar
QHDM Qatar Highway Design Manual
QNHD Qatar National Height Datum
QP Qatar Petroleum
QCS Qatar Construction Specification
WMO World Meteorological Organisation
FEED Front End Engineering Design
ARI The Average Rainfall Intensity
IDF The Intensity Duration Frequnecy
Tr Return Period (years)
Tc The Time of concetration
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
GHD was commissioned by Al Jaber & Partners to undertake the detailed design of the EPIC for
Earthworks, Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the Gabbro Support Services Area (GSSA) and
Light Industrial Area (LIA) in Mesaieed, GC 08104100.
1.2 Contract Scope of Work

The key elements of EPIC for Earthworks, Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the SSA and LIA
in Mesaieed are summarised as follows:
Design and construction of the filling up to + 2m QNHD across the GSSA and LIA sites including the
necessary ground improvements to reduce long term settlement; and
Design and construction of some 20 km of new roads including associated utilities, sewerage
drainage, road signage and markings etc.
1.3 Surface Water Drainage Scope

A surface water drainage system shall be provided for the GSSA and LIA. The scope of the work
includes detailed design of the following:
Surface water drainage soakaway system to cover road corridors, including utility corridor
Surface water drainage collection system including direct surface runoff in areas with flushed kerbs,
and surface water collection gullies in areas with raised kerbs.
Figure A.1 contained in Appendix A of this report shows the overall layout of the surface water drainage
network.
1.4 Scope of this Report

This report forms the design report for surface water drainage system, which are to be constructed as
part of Contract GC 08104100. The report details the assumptions, methods and calculations for the
design of:
Soakaway trench system running parallel to the roads;
Surface water drainage collection gullies in areas with raised kerbs.
This report should be read in conjunction with other design reports and detailed design drawings
prepared for Contract GC 08104100, which are relevant to the detailed design of surface water drainage
and are listed in Table 1 below.
Table 1 Related GC 08104100 Design Documents
Document Number Title Type

2901-0001 Design Basis Memorandum Report
2901-3201 Surface Water Layout Plan Drawing
2901-3202 Surface Water: Layouts Drawing
2901-3203 Surface Water: Typical details Drawing
2901-3350 Site Plan: PS – 8 Drawing
1.5 Background Information

The concept surface water drainage design system is based on the following preliminary design reports:
GC 08104100 Attachment No 20, Design Base Memorandum, Cansult / Maunsell (AAECOM) Report,
submitted to Qatar Petroleum in October 2007.
Dissipation Test Results Report by ACES, submitted to GHD in December 2009, and included in
Appendix (D) of this report.
Dissipation Test for fill above the natural ground level, ACES confirmation letter reference number
LG533:RK; WD/S09000298/09 to GHD, and included in Appendix (F) of this report.
2. Basis of Design
2.1 Site Grading

The project area is basically flat, with ground water table level ranging between 0.0 and –0.5 m QNHD.
Existing ground levels are typically between + 0.8 m and + 1.2 m QNHD. Filling is to be undertaken over
the site area to a level of + 2.0 m QNHD. The finished roads and utility corridors are to be constructed
higher and to a level of +2.6 m to +2.7m QNHD.
2.2 Roads Drainage Arrangement

The roads are to be constructed with a 0% longitudinal gradient between junctions where there are no
raised kerbs. It is noted that for roads without raised kerbs this is in accordance with QHDM. The roads
are to have a 2% cross fall. This cross fall in combination of the flat longitudinal gradient will allow for
even distribution of runoff to the linear soakaway trench.
Raised kerbs are to be provided at junctions along the roads. At junctions, longitudinal gradients are
provided to direct runoff to roads gullies with piped connections to the soakaway trench.
It is to be noted that the soakaway trench drainage is only required to service the roads and excludes
runoff from the plots.
2.3 Design Philosophy

The main philosophy for the surface water drainage design, is to allow all surface water runoff from the
roads to flow over the flushed kerbs towards the verges and utility corridors and drain directly into the
soakaway trenches running along the roads.
At all junctions and roundabouts, where raised kerbs are provided, gullies will be installed to effectively
drain these areas into the soakaway trench.
3. Design Criteria
Technical Report No 2100-35031 contained in Attachment 20, to Appendix A of the contract provides the
design criteria to be adopted.
The design criteria has been reviewed and is agreed, details are provided in the following sections.
3.1 Level of Flood Protection

The AECOM preliminary design criteria adopted a primary 1 in 10 years ARI as level of protection for the
volumetric based design systems (Soakaway trench), and a secondary on 1 in 5 years ARI for peak
intensity based design systems (positive pipes).
In the present detailed storage based design, the MicroDrainage Software used in the design produces
design hyetographs. This is basically done by running all possible combinations of storm intensities and
return periods to determine the most critical conditions to be applied. This procedure is more accurate
and hence considered more appropriate for a detailed design, and shall ensure robust and optimised
design.
3.2 Surface Water Runoff

In general, the Rational Method is adopted for the calculation of the surface water runoff, using the
following formula:
Q = 2.78 CIA
Where:
Q = Surface water runoff (lit/sec)
C = Runoff Coefficient
I = Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)

A = Area of catchment (ha)
3.3 Rainfall Intensity

The current practice in Qatar is to use the rainfall intensity curves presented by AS Bazaraa & S Ahmed
in the paper ‘Rainfall Characterization in an Arid Area’, Dept of Civil Engineering, Qatar Univ. Doha,
Qatar, Vol 4 – 1991. The intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves based on this paper are presented
below in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Intensity – Duration – Frequency Relationship
140
120
Intensity (mm/hr)
Tr=2years
100
Tr=5years
80 Tr=10years
60 Tr=25years
Tr=50years
40
Tr=100years
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Duration (minutes)
The curves are fitted by an equation of the form:
410 Tr 0.206
I
( D 10) 0.787
Where:
D = Storm Duration (minutes)
I = Average Storm Intensity (mm/hr)
Tr = Return Period (years)
The curves are applicable to single storm bursts and as such are applicable to estimating design peak
discharge events. Their use in providing rainfall volumes is limited to durations of less than 2 hours
where single storm bursts remain applicable.
3.4 Rainfall Depth

The depth of rainfall used in the determination of runoff volumes and the design of storage-based
systems are derived from the 24-hour depth of rainfall defined by PWA and adopted for Qatar, as set out
in Table 2 below.
Table 2 Design Storm Rainfall Data
Return Period (years) 24 hr Rainfall Depth (mm)
2 25
5 45
10 55
25 65
>25 80.1*
* Approximation based on maximum 24-hour recorded rainfall at Doha Airport since 1962
For estimates of rainfall depth at durations less than 24 hours, the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) provides the ratios presented in Table 3 below.
Table 3 WMO Rainfall Depths for Less than 24 Hr Duration
Duration % of 24 hours
5 min. 12.8
10 min. 19.9
15 min. 25.2
30 min. 35
1 hour 44
2 hour 54
6 hour 74
12 hour 84
24 hour 100
The derived rainfall depths for various duration and return periods, calculated from the values for the 24-
hour period recommended by PWA are given in Table 4 below.
Table 4 Design Storm Rainfall Total Depths (mm)
Duration Storm Return Period (years)
2 5 10 25 50
5 min 3.2 5.8 7.0 8.3 10.3
10 min 5.0 9.0 10.9 12.9 15.9
15 min 6.3 11.3 13.9 16.4 20.2
30 min 8.8 15.8 19.3 22.8 28.0
Duration Storm Return Period (years)
2 5 10 25 50
1 hour 11.0 19.8 24.2 28.6 35.2
2 hours 13.5 24.3 29.7 35.1 43.3
6 hours 18.5 33.3 40.7 48.1 59.3
12 hours 21.0 37.8 46.2 54.6 67.3
24 hours 25.0 45.0 55.0 65.0 80.1
3.4.1 Design Hyetographs

The depth of rainfall provided in the Table 4 above allows the volumetric determination of runoff. To
evaluate attenuation and flow balancing it is necessary to define the variation in intensity that is
anticipated for the design storm.
Therefore, design rainfall intensity distributions or hyetographs are produced by the Micro Drainage
Design Software. The program internally produces the rainfall hyetographs, based on the historical
rainfall data specifically provided for Qatar.
3.5 Time of Concentration

The Time of concentration (Tc) will be calculated using the relationship between pipe lengths and flow
velocities for both positive piped systems, and soakage systems.
3.6 Catchment/Contributing Area

Due to the flat nature of the site and roads with no longitudinal slopes the whole project area is
considered as one single catchment.
For calculation purposes, a typical 100 m length of the road corridor is considered in the calculation of
the soakaway trenches that run linearly and parallel to the roads. The total contributing area is calculated
as follows:
Contributing Area = 100 x Road Corridor Width
It is noted that soakaway trenches have been designed to account for the different road corridor widths
on the project including the 24m, 32m and 40m widths.
3.7 Runoff Coefficients

For the purpose of calculating peak discharges and volumes in urban areas, the runoff coefficients in
Table 5 below shall be used.
Table 5 Urban Runoff Coefficients
Land Use Runoff Coefficient
Roads and Utility Corridors 0.9
It is noted that the 0.9 runoff coefficient for road pavements is in accordance with QHDM and accounts
for depression storage and evaporation.
It is noted that the proposed drainage only serves the road corridors and the industrial plots are to have
their individual drainage systems containing all runoff within the plot.
3.8 Gully Spacing

The design criteria adopted the method specified in the QHDM to calculate gullies spacing is based on
the road design slope and impermeable width. The design is based on QHDM Figure 8.6 included in
Appendix (B) of this report.
The calculations used to derive the above figure are generally following the TRRL report entitled “The
drainage capacity of BS road gullies and procedure for estimating their spacing”.
Parameters used in evaluating the gully spacing include:

Longitudinal gradients
Cross falls
Catchment characteristics i.e. area and runoff coefficient
Width of channel flow
Bypass flow
Gully spacing will be limited to allow a maximum flow width of 1 m within the road carriageway. Shy
distance, if provided, will be added to the minimum flow width. To minimise the number of gullies a
maximum flow width of 1.5 m will be permitted along parking bays.
Gullies will be provided only in the locations where raised kerbs are constructed at junctions and
roundabouts.
Double gully inlets will be provided at sag points.
3.9 Soakaway Trench Design

Design of the soakaway systems generally follows BRE Digest 365 procedures but with improved
analysis of intensity variation throughout the storm duration. In this way, a rational approach to analysing
the variation in attenuation during a storm using the design storm profiles is possible.
ACES provided the actual permeability values in different locations within the project area. Nine
dissipation tests were carried out and the test results are presented in ACES report, and Appendix D of
this report.
Soil permeability for landfill were taken into consideration whereas the site will be filled to + 2.5m QNHD
based on ACES derived calculations as shown in Appendix E of this report.
An average soil permeability was applied for each area, based on the combined permeability factors of
the natural soil and the soil fill.
Table C.1 in Appendix C of this report shows the calculations used to derive the average combined
permeability factors at different areas. These factors are used in the hydraulic calculations carried out
using MicroDrainage software.
The half drain time for the soakaway trenches will be calculated by the MicroDrainage software and a
maximum half drain time of 24 hours shall be allowed.
4. Surface Drainage System
4.1 Soakaway Trench

The soakaway trench will be located in the utility corridor and is between 2.5m to 5.0m from the edge of
the verge depending on the road corridor width.
Soakaway trenches shall be located on both sides of the roads. The roads have flush kerbs and the
soakaways run parallel and linear to the roads.
The designed soakaway trench shall be 1.0 metre width comprising 300 mm diameter perforated
distributor pipe. The trench shall be backfilled with 20 mm single size aggregate as per QCS
requirements. The trench depth varies between 1.5 to 2.5 metres depending on the ground water level,
which constitutes the main constraint to the design of the surface drainage system, due to the high
ground water level in the project area. The soakaway trenches require to be constructed above the
ground water table.
Perforated pipes to be laid opposite to the direction of fall of the roads profile (if any) at 1:500 minimum
gradient.
Soakaway pits are to be constructed as rectangular chamber concrete sections perforated in the short
sides (perpendicular to the trench), with a maximum external dimension of 1000 mm as detailed on
drawings 2901-3204 sheets 1 to 3. Spacing to be as required by the soakaway trench pipe gradients up
to a maximum spacing of 75 metres.
4.2 Gullies
Road gullies are to be used at the road junctions where there are raised kerbs and shall comprise a
precast unreinforced concrete gully pots of the trapped type with a heavy duty hinged ductile iron grating
and frame.
Pipe gully connections shall be 150 mm in diameter. The preferred minimum gradient for gully
connections is 1 in 100. However, gradients of up to 1:200 are acceptable should circumstances dictate
the adoption of such gradients.
Maximum length of any gully connection is to be 36 metres. Intermediate manholes or catchpits should
be incorporated on longer connections.
5. Hydraulic Analysis
5.1 General Considerations

The proposed surface water drainage is to be a trench soakaways As outlined in different sections of
this report, the following considerations have been taken during the design of the system:
Surface water runoff is calculated based on the Rational Method
Catchment areas include roads and do not consider walled plots and open spaces.
Soakaway gravel trenches with 300 mm perforated collector pipe are used for the disposal of surface
water.
Soakaway trenches are 1.0 metre constant width, with depths ranging from 1.50 to 2.50 metre
according to the ground water level.
The design soil permeability for each road will be based on the average soil permeability between fill
(2.22 x 10 –5 m/sec) and the natural soil permeability indicated by field results (ACES).
No infiltration is allowed from the Soakaway base
A Safety Factor of 1.5 is applied to the Soakaway design.
Maximum trench catchpit spacing is 75 metres.
The gradient for the 300 mm perforated distributor pipe is 1/500 laid at the trench bottom.
The designed soakaway trench invert level should be always kept higher than the ground water level.
Gully spacings are following the QHDM guidelines.
Double gullies are provided at sag points
5.2 Hydraulic Calculations

The powerful MicroDrainage Software, Source Control Module, is used to design the soakage Infiltration
system.
The Micro Drainage software produces a storm profile using the hyetograph method based on the rainfall
information, where individual storms are run from start to finish.
A complete set of hydraulic calculations are provided in Appendix C of this report, including Input data,
calculations and output data of the MicroDrainage software.
6. Changes to FEED Design
The current detailed design is in general following the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) design
criteria, with minor differences as detailed in Table 6 below:
Table 6 Differences between Detailed Design and FEED Design
Item FEED Design Detailed Design
Emergency outfalls Proposed emergency outfalls are No outfalls provided:

provided near roundabouts - Plots are covering the whole
development with no allowance for
emergency flooding areas in
planning
- Good factor of safety and design
hyetographs are produced and
applied in the detailed design (more
accurate and higher protection)
Perforated Pipes Fully perforated pipes provided Half perforated pipes (top half) are
provided:
- to ensure better bedding
conditions
- direct all collected water directly
towards the top soakaway area
instead of the bottom of the trench
Connections between Always provided at roundabouts Coordinated and provided in

soakaway trenchs general away from Roundabouts to
avoid clashes with other utilities
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
7.1 Conclusions
A surface water drainage collection system is provided for the proposed new roads in the GSSA and
LIA areas in Mesaieed
The proposed surface water drainage system covers the proposed new roads including utility
corridors, and does not include walled plots or open areas
The surface water are collected towards soakaway trenches running parallel to roads
In areas with flushed kerbs along roads profiles, direct runoff towards is allowed for across flashed
kerbs
In areas with raised kerbs at roundabouts and intersections, gullies, connected to the soakaway
trenches, are provided at the lower side of the roads. Double gullies are provided at sag points
Gullies spacing are calculated based on the recommendations provided in QHDM.
The non-positive (soakage) system is hydraulically simulated using the “WinDes Micro Drainage
software”
All hydraulic calculations are following the design criteria detailed in this report, which is following, in
general, the same criteria provided by the FEED design
All trenches are designed above the existing ground water levels, with a minimum factor of safety of
1.5 and assuming no infiltration allowance from the bottom base.
All the system components are hydraulically meeting the design criteria requirements as shown on
the attached calculation sheets
7.2 Recommendations
This Design Report should be read in conjunction with the Design Drawings and the Technical
Specifications
During construction, Care should be given to the setting out and locations of road gullies and
soakaway trenches to ensure that design intentions are met
The bottom of the soakaway trench should be always kept above the ground water table.
Appendix A
Surface Water Drainage System Layout
CLIENTS PEOPLE PERFORMANCE
City Plaza Building, Al Sadd Doha GHD Project No. 7510738
PO Box 14352 Doha, Qatar
T 974 428 9444 F 974 444 6127
E dohmail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au
EPIC for Earthworks,

DOCUMENT NUMBER Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the Gabbro Support Services Area (GSSA) and Light Industrial Area (LIA) in Mesaieed
: 2901-3210 REV # A Page 18 of 150
Appendix B
Gully Spacing Chart - QHDM
EPIC for Earthworks, Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the Gabbro Support Services Area (GSSA)
Appendix C
Hydraulic Calculations
Appendix D
Dissipation Test Results Report by ACES
Surface Water Drainage System Design Report - Doc No. 2901-3210 (Rev. No. 1) Page 126 of 150
Surface Water Drainage System Design Report - Doc No. 2901-3210 (Rev. No. 1) Page 127 of 150
EPIC for Earthworks, Filling, Road Network and Infrastructure for the Gabbro Support Services Area (GSSA) and Light Industrial Area (LIA) in Mesaieed
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CLIENTS PEOPLE PERFORMANCE
City Plaza Building, Al Sadd Doha GHD Project No. 7510738
PO Box 14352 Doha, Qatar
T 974 428 9444 F 974 444 6127
E dohmail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au
DOCUMENT
Surface WaterNUMBER
Drainage: System
2901-3210
150 145 of 150
Appendix E
Dissipation Test for fill above the natural
ground level, ACES confirmation letter

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Contents

4. Surface Drainage System 13

6. Changes to FEED Design 15

7. Conclusions and Recommendations 16

1.2 Contract Scope of Work

1.3 Surface Water Drainage Scope

1.4 Scope of this Report

Document Number Title Type

1.5 Background Information

2.1 Site Grading

2.2 Roads Drainage Arrangement

2.3 Design Philosophy

3.1 Level of Flood Protection

3.2 Surface Water Runoff

I = Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)

3.3 Rainfall Intensity

The curves are fitted by an equation of the form:

3.4 Rainfall Depth

Return Period (years) 24 hr Rainfall Depth (mm)

Table 3 WMO Rainfall Depths for Less than 24 Hr Duration

Table 4 Design Storm Rainfall Total Depths (mm)

Duration Storm Return Period (years)

5 min 3.2 5.8 7.0 8.3 10.3

10 min 5.0 9.0 10.9 12.9 15.9

15 min 6.3 11.3 13.9 16.4 20.2

30 min 8.8 15.8 19.3 22.8 28.0

1 hour 11.0 19.8 24.2 28.6 35.2

2 hours 13.5 24.3 29.7 35.1 43.3

6 hours 18.5 33.3 40.7 48.1 59.3

12 hours 21.0 37.8 46.2 54.6 67.3

24 hours 25.0 45.0 55.0 65.0 80.1

3.4.1 Design Hyetographs

3.5 Time of Concentration

3.6 Catchment/Contributing Area

3.7 Runoff Coefficients

Table 5 Urban Runoff Coefficients

Land Use Runoff Coefficient

Roads and Utility Corridors 0.9

3.8 Gully Spacing

Parameters used in evaluating the gully spacing include:

3.9 Soakaway Trench Design

4.1 Soakaway Trench

5.1 General Considerations

5.2 Hydraulic Calculations

Table 6 Differences between Detailed Design and FEED Design

Item FEED Design Detailed Design

Emergency outfalls Proposed emergency outfalls are No outfalls provided:

Connections between Always provided at roundabouts Coordinated and provided in

EPIC for Earthworks,

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